2024北京市中国人民大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期统练三英语试题（含答案）

2024北京人大附中高一（下）统练三
英 语
Unit 8 Green Living
时间：60分钟 总分：100分
2024.5.27
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Growing Roots
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t 1 lives, he was planting trees.
The good doctor had some interesting theories on planting trees. He believed in “No pains, no gains”. He never 2 his new trees, which was 3 many people. Once I asked why. He answered that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you water them, each following tree generation will grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things 4 for them. He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water. I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be 5 . I planted a couple of trees a few years back and I took good care of them. Two years of 6 has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot. Whenever a cold wind blows, they shake and tremble their branches. Funny things about those trees of Dr. Gibbs ’. The lack of water seemed to 7 them in ways comfort and ease never could.
I used to pray for my sons that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to 8 my prayer. I know my children are going to meet 9 , and I’m praying they will be strong. The prayer for comfort is seldom met. What we need to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the winds blow, they won’t be 10 away.
1. A．valuing B．sacrificing C．enjoying D．saving
2. A．watered B．raised C．loved D．sheltered
3. A．against B．beyond C．within D．from
4. A．harmful B．favorable C．tough D．convenient
5. A．treasured B．challenged C．respected D．favored
6. A．fondness B．negligence C．preference D．devotion
7. A．harm B．raise C．benefit D．hurt
8. A．attend B．announce C．change D．maintain
9. A．hardships B．worries C．opportunities D．careers
10. A．given B．sent C．broken D．swept
第二节 语法填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Dr. Jane Goodall, an internationally renowned scientist, established an institute Roots & Shoots in the early 1990s. 11 (commit) to environmental protection, she set up the organisation to educate young people, so they can help to build a future 12 is secure and harmonious with nature. Roots & Shoots is all about the value and importance of each individual. Each one of us matters and has a role 13 (play). Every individual is a part of a community for a shared future and can make a difference.
B
Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event 14 (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First 15 (celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with _____16_____(local) grown vegetables, or save power— the possibilities are endless.
C
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door 17 butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I 18 (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 19 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ____20_____(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，34分）
第一节 阅读选择 (共 12 题，每小题 2 分，共 24 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上根据题号将该项涂黑。
A
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled (削弱) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more .
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
B
The Life Cycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet You’d probably be surprised to learn what’s involved in the life cycle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal. The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production mercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.—these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments(衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck..., all of which spill CO2, into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you’ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfill.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.
There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they’re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means .
A. wastes water B. has a bad effect
C. consumes energy D. takes a lot of time
26. We can learn from the passage that in the US, _____________.
A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year
B. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile
C. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry
D. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled
27. What can be inferred from this passage
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.
28. What is the purpose of this article
A. To introduce the five stages in the life cycle of clothing.
B. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.
C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.
D. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.
C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequence called light pollution whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs．Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
29. According to the passage, human being ___________ .
A. are used to living in the day light B. prefer to live in the darkness
C. were curious about the midnight world D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon
30. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ___________.
A. show how light pollution affects animals
B. provide examples of animal protection
C. compare the living habits of both species
D. explain why the number of certain species has declined
31. It is implied in the passage that ___________.
A. human beings are curious about the outer space
B. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
C. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
D. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
32. What might be the best title for the passage
A. The Magic Light B. The Orange Haze
C. The Disappearing Night D. The Rhythms of Nature
第二节 (共5题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Waste not, Want not
Today, I live in Manhattan with my husband, Alex. I’m an IT specialist and Alex is a lawyer. Life’s good, but sometimes I look at the way we live it and think of Ellie, my grandmother. Her favorite saying was “Waste not, want not.” ______33______. Ellie carefully folded the paper from parcels and washed glass jars to use again. Frank, my grandfather, used old socks and pullovers(套头毛衣) to protect the plants in winter. Nowadays, we go to a garden center to buy special felt for that purpose. Have we all gone mad
Such economy seems strange, even ridiculous, in our modern throwaway society, where everything is sold in boxes. _____34_____, but as a selling feature to make us want to buy them. Ellie and Frank would have seen the very idea of a “gift pack” as a cheat.
_____35_____. The United States produces about 180 million metric tons of waste per year, 70% of which is packaging materials. The average American family uses up six trees’ worth of paper a year. _____36_____, they would reach to the moon and back twelve times. “We can’t go on like this,” I said to Alex. “Let’s start at home. If everybody starts at home, then this madness will stop.”
_____37_____. Of course, this meant that we produced a lot of waste, but I was shocked to find that this came to over six kilos per week. “Your grandma Ellie with her ‘Waste not, want not’ was really modern, wasn’t she ” “Not really,” I said. “Ellie and their neighbors were just ordinary, traditional New Englanders. We’ve all gone mad since then.”
A. Packaging is not only used to protect goods
B. My grandparents threw almost nothing away
C. In one week alone, we threw away five old magazines
D. We didn’t often go shopping and then cook meals at home
E. As young Manhattan professionals, we buy a lot of “convenience food”
F. But we pay a high financial and ecological price for our lovely packaging
G. If you placed all the cans used in the United States, in one year end to end
语言应用 （共两节，16分）
短语填空 (共 10 题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)
do one’s part for thanks to in addition to agree with can’t be bothered to come up with put forward take action stand for pick upprevent...from doing cut back on suffer from work through be concerned about
1. He is so lazy and he _________________________________ think about even his own future.
2. you, we now have a better understanding of the situation.
3. It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one ______________________________, we’ll make do with it.
4. Last time I saw her, she ___________________________ a sorrowful loss of her dearest mom.
5. Shirley ___________________ her disappointment and did the experiment from the beginning.
6. Ms. Jane ______________________ a few songs to help the shy students with social dialogue.
7. Everyone, whether you are old or young, can ________________________ the environment.
8. Thousands of victims of the earthquake are now faced with the task of __________________ the pieces of their lives.
9. It shows that _________________________ greenhouse gas pollution can slow catastrophic climate change.
10. UNICEF ______________________ the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and currently works in 190 countries and territories.
翻译句子 (共 3 题，每小题 2 分，共 6 分)
1. 她对自己目前的生活并不满意，希望能采取措施改善它。 (contented)
2. 毫无疑问，经常锻炼、新鲜空气都有助于身体健康。 (contribute)
3. 会议上提出的计划很快就会实施。 （用过去分词作定语）
书面表达 （20分）
KEYS:
参考答案
完形 1-5 DABCA 6-10 DCCAD
语法填空
11.Committed 12. that/which 13. to play
14. aiming 15. celebrated 16. locally
17. with 18. have lived 19. facing 20. myself
阅读
A篇 CABC
B篇 BCAD
C篇 AABC
七选五 BAFGE
短语填空
1.can’t be bothered to 2.Thanks to 3.is put forward 4.was suffering from
5.worked through 6.came up with/has come up with 7.do your part for
8.picking up 9.cutting back on 10.stands for
翻译
1. She is not contented with her present life, and wishes to take action to improve it.
2. Without doubt, regular exercise and fresh air contribute to good health.
3. The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.