中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第4讲 短语二
1.eat out 出去吃饭
要点精析 eat是动词,意为“吃,吃饭”,作及物动词时,其后可以跟名词或
代词作宾语。作“吃”解时其宾语可以为食物,也可以为a meal、breakfast等词语。
辨析eat与have
共同点 不同点
eat和have都可以表示“吃” eat作“吃”讲时,一般是指吃固体食物。
have的意思更加广泛,可以表示“有;吃;喝”等含义。have作“吃”解时,主要用于一日三餐(breakfast、lunch、supper)之前。
【对点训练】根据汉语意思完成句子
今天是星期天。我们出去吃饭吧。
Today is Sunday. Let's _______________.
答案eat out
2.on the phone 通电话
要点精析 talk/speak (to sb.) on the phone意为“(与某人)通电话”。be on
the phone表示“在打电话”。如:
My sister is talking to her friend on the phone.
我姐姐正在和她的朋友通电话。
【对点训练】
—What are you doing, Bob
—I ______ the phone.
A.talking on
B.am talking to
C.am talking on
D.talking with
答案 C
3.take a message捎个口信;传话
要点精析 message意为“信息;消息”。take a message for sb.意为“给某人传话”。如:
Can you take a message for me
你能给我传个话吗
【拓展】
leave a message (for sb.)(给某人)留言;(给某人)留个口信
give sb. a message= take a message for sb. 给某人捎口信
4.have a great time doing sth.做某事很开心
要点精析 have a great time意为“玩得开心;过得愉快”,与have a good/wonderful time、have fun、enjoy oneself意思相同。如:
They are having a great time playing in the water.他们在水里正
玩得开心。
【拓展】
当得知某人要去某地旅游或玩耍时,要祝对方玩得开心,可以使
用如下句式:Have a good time./Have a great time./Enjoy yourself./Have a good trip.等。
【对点训练】
Last night Mike had a great time______with his friends at the party.
A.sings B.to sing
C.singing D.sing
答案C
5.a little 一点；有点
要点精析 相当于kind of/a bit/a little bit等,常用来修饰形容词或副词,在句中作状语。
The boy is a little thin but he is healthy.
这个男孩有点瘦,但是他很健康。
知识拓展 a little还可修饰不可数名词,意为“有点儿,一点儿”,相当于a bit of。
There is a little water in the cup.
【辨析】few, a few, little, a little
词汇 含义 意义 所修饰的词
few 几乎没有 否定 可数名词复数
a few 一些,少数 肯定 可数名词复数
little 几乎没有 否定 不可数名词
a little 少量 肯定 不可数名词
She has few friends, so she often feels lonely.
她几乎没有朋友,所以她经常觉得孤独。
There are a few coins in my pocket.
我的口袋里有几枚硬币。
She has little pocket money.
她几乎没有零花钱。
There is a little money in the drawer.
抽屉里有一点钱。
【对点训练】
This is a very old song, so ______ young people know it.
A: few B: little c: a few D: a little
答案A
6.be interested in 对……感兴趣
要点精析 介词in后面通常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
I'm not interested in TV.我对看电视不感兴趣。
【辨析】 interested与interesting
interested意为“感兴趣的”，一般表示人对某物感兴趣;interesting意为“令人感兴趣的;
有趣的”，常表示某物令人感兴趣。
The game is really interesting.
这个游戏真的很有趣。
A baby is interested in everything around it.
婴儿对他/她周围的一切都感兴趣。
7.not...at all一点也不;根本不
要点精析 not在句中与系动词、助动词或情态动词构成否定句。
I can't grow vegetables at all.我根本不会种植蔬菜。
She isn’t heavy at all. 她一点也不胖。
【拓展】 “Not at all.”意为“没关系；不用谢”。
—I'm sorry to bother you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
—Not at all. 没关系。
—Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—Not at all. 不客气。
8.pick up捡起;拾起
要点精析 它的宾语有两种形式:
如果它的宾语是名词 该宾语可以位于pick和up之间,也可以位于pick up之后
如果它的宾语是代词 该宾语只能位于pick和up之间
Please pick up the wallet/pick the wallet up.
I picked it up and handed it to a policeman.
【拓展】pick up还可意为“接某人”。
I will pick you up at the station. 我将在车站接你。
【对点训练】
There is a flower on the floor. Would you please_______
A.pick up it B.pick up them
C.pick it up D.pick them up
答案C
9.stay up (late) 熬夜
要点精析 stay up意为“熬夜”。
She stayed up until 2:00 a.m. 她熬夜到凌晨两点。
【拓展】
常见的“动词+up”结构的短语还有:get up起床,起来;look up查阅,向上看;give up放弃;cut up切碎;grow up长大;wake up叫醒;put up搭建,张贴;pick up捡起。
10.put up 搭起;举起
要点精析 后接名词作宾语时，该名词通常放在短语之后，但也可放在短语中间；接代词作宾语时，该代词只能放在put和up的中间。
The box is too heavy. I can't put it up. 那个箱子太重了,我举不起来。
It's going to rain. Let's put up the tent.天要下雨了。咱们把帐篷搭起来吧。
put up还有“张贴”之意。如:
They put up a notice on the wall.
他们在墙上贴了一则通知。
【归纳】
【对点训练】
—Where did you _____the tent
—Near a lake. It was cool and quiet there.
A.put up B.wake up
C.stay up D.get up
答案A
11.go fishing 去钓鱼
要点精析 go fishing 去钓鱼， 属于“go + 动词现在分词”构成的短语动词，表示从事某种职业或活动
go skating去滑冰 go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船
go hunting去打猎 go camping去野营 go hiking去远足
go + v.-ing 之间没有修饰词，但将go改为do, 则中间要加上修饰词the 或者 some 等。
do some shopping 买东西 do some cleaning大扫除
12. come out
come 的其他相关短语：
come on 快点
come true 实现
come back 回来
come over 顺便拜访
【应用】
—I can’t see anything in your garden, Grandpa.
—But in spring, the flowers all ______.
A. come over B. come in
C. come on D. come out
答案D
13. in front of在……前面
I can't see the blackboard because a tall boy is sitting in front of me.
我看不到黑板,因为一个高个子男孩正坐在我的前面。
辨析in front of和in the front of的区别
in front of 指某场所或空间之外的前面
in the front of 指某场所或空间之内的前面
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一棵大树。(树在教室的外面)
There is a student standing in the front of the classroom.
有一个学生正站在教室的前面。(学生在教室的里面)
14.turn right 向右转
turn left 向左转
要点精析 其中turn作动词,意为“转向”。如:
Turn right at the end of the street. 在街的尽头往右拐。
常见的turn短语有:
【对点训练】
第二个十字路口左拐,然后你就能看见我们的学校。
______ ______ at the second crossing, and then you can see our school.
答案Turn left
15. take one's order 点菜
要点精析 order作名词,意为“点菜”。如:
The waiter came to take their orders.
服务员来给他们点餐。
order其他用法：
v.点菜 I want to order the beef noodles.我想点牛肉面。
n.命令 We must obey the orders.我们必须服从命令。
v.命令 The official ordered them to go out. 那位官员命令他们出去。
【对点训练】
我姐姐经常命令我帮她做家务。
My sister often ______ ___ ___ _____ her with housework.
答案 orders me to do
16. blow out吹灭
要点精析 其中blow作动词,意为“吹”。后接名词作宾语时，该名词通常放在短语之后，但也可放在短语中间；接代词作宾语时，该代词只能放在中间。
You should blow out the candles/blow the candles out first.
你应该先吹灭那些蜡烛。
Look at the candle on the table. Please blow it out.
看看桌子上的那支蜡烛,请把它吹灭吧。
【拓展】
“动词+out”的短语小结:look out当心,小心;come out出来,出版;go out外出;set out出发;work out算出,解决;put out熄灭,扑灭;run out用完,耗尽;find out发现,查明。
【对点训练】
Look at the candles on the cake, Ann. Can you ____ in one go
A.blow it out
B.blow out it
C.blow them out
D.blow out them
答案C
17.the number of, a number of
要点精析
The number of the students in our school is very small.我们学校的学生数量很少。
A large number of students are playing football.许多学生正在踢足球。
【对点训练】
There are ______ students in the playground,and______the boy students is 150.
A.a number of;the number of
B.the number of;a number of
C.a number of;a number of
D.the number of;the number of
答案A
18. shout at 冲…… 大声叫嚷
要点精析 at后接喊叫的对象。
There is someone shouting for help. 有人在大声求救。
Speak clearly and slowly. Don’t shout at others. 清楚地慢慢地说。不要冲他人喊叫。
辨析 shout at与shout to
shout at 意为“冲...... 大声叫嚷“，多指因生气或愤怒而冲着某人大声吼叫。 Li Ming’s mother shouted at him for his dishonesty. 妈妈因李明不诚实而对他大声嚷嚷。
shout to 意为“对 ..... 大声喊叫”，目的是让别人听见，多因距离远。 Mary shouted to us to come in and help her. 玛丽大声喊我们进来帮助她。
一、根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的短语，并用其正确形式填空。
1. My uncle has lots of cows on his farm. Last weekend, I helped him ____________. It was fun.
2. —May I ________________, sir
—Yes, please. Some beef and rice.
3. Julie is studying English in the classroom ___________.
4. The post office is ____________ the hotel.
5. I like to ____________ with my friends at the park every Saturday.
6. They always help ____________ with their study.
7. My family and I are ____________ in the mountains now.
8. When Jack is angry, he always ____________ me.
9. I felt _________ tired after the school trip.
10. How did ping -pong ____________ in China
答案1 milk a cow 2 take your order 3 right now 4in front of 5spend time 6each other 7 on vacation 8shouts at 9 a little 10 get popular
二、根据句意及所给汉语提示，用相关短语填空。
1. Mona's teacher ____________ (对……要求严格) her.
2. We have to _______________ (遵守规则) at school.
3. Look! The man is _____________ (砍倒) the big tree.
4. Sorry, Alice isn't at home. May I ______________ (捎个口信) for her
5. Could you tell him to ____________ (给我回个电话)
6. The new Chinese restaurant is ____________ (在……前面) No. 7 High School.
7. [ 2020·广州改编] With our help, the baby bird got back to its nest _____________(最终).
8. He ____________ (吹灭) all the candles in one go just now.
9. Children usually ________________ (许愿) before eating the birthday cake.
10. The boys were so excited about the basketball match that they _____________(熬夜) talking in their bedroom..
11. The baby is sleeping now. Don't ______________ (把她弄醒).
12. Look! They are _____________ (搭起) a tent by the lake.
答案
1is strict with
2follow the rule
3cutting down
4 take a message
5call me back
6in front of
7in the end
8blew out
9 make a wish
10stayed up late
11wake her up
12putting up
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第4讲 短语二
1.eat out 出去吃饭
要点精析 eat是动词,意为“吃,吃饭”,作及物动词时,其后可以跟名词或
代词作宾语。作“吃”解时其宾语可以为食物,也可以为a meal、breakfast等词语。
辨析eat与have
共同点 不同点
eat和have都可以表示“吃” eat作“吃”讲时,一般是指吃固体食物。
have的意思更加广泛,可以表示“有;吃;喝”等含义。have作“吃”解时,主要用于一日三餐(breakfast、lunch、supper)之前。
【对点训练】根据汉语意思完成句子
今天是星期天。我们出去吃饭吧。
Today is Sunday. Let's _______________.
2.on the phone 通电话
要点精析 talk/speak (to sb.) on the phone意为“(与某人)通电话”。be on
the phone表示“在打电话”。如:
My sister is talking to her friend on the phone.
我姐姐正在和她的朋友通电话。
【对点训练】
—What are you doing, Bob
—I ______ the phone.
A.talking on
B.am talking to
C.am talking on
D.talking with
3.take a message捎个口信;传话
要点精析 message意为“信息;消息”。take a message for sb.意为“给某人传话”。如:
Can you take a message for me
你能给我传个话吗
【拓展】
leave a message (for sb.)(给某人)留言;(给某人)留个口信
give sb. a message= take a message for sb. 给某人捎口信
4.have a great time doing sth.做某事很开心
要点精析 have a great time意为“玩得开心;过得愉快”,与have a good/wonderful time、have fun、enjoy oneself意思相同。如:
They are having a great time playing in the water.他们在水里正
玩得开心。
【拓展】
当得知某人要去某地旅游或玩耍时,要祝对方玩得开心,可以使
用如下句式:Have a good time./Have a great time./Enjoy yourself./Have a good trip.等。
【对点训练】
Last night Mike had a great time______with his friends at the party.
A.sings B.to sing
C.singing D.sing
5.a little 一点；有点
要点精析 相当于kind of/a bit/a little bit等,常用来修饰形容词或副词,在句中作状语。
The boy is a little thin but he is healthy.
这个男孩有点瘦,但是他很健康。
知识拓展 a little还可修饰不可数名词,意为“有点儿,一点儿”,相当于a bit of。
There is a little water in the cup.
【辨析】few, a few, little, a little
词汇 含义 意义 所修饰的词
few 几乎没有 否定 可数名词复数
a few 一些,少数 肯定 可数名词复数
little 几乎没有 否定 不可数名词
a little 少量 肯定 不可数名词
She has few friends, so she often feels lonely.
她几乎没有朋友,所以她经常觉得孤独。
There are a few coins in my pocket.
我的口袋里有几枚硬币。
She has little pocket money.
她几乎没有零花钱。
There is a little money in the drawer.
抽屉里有一点钱。
【对点训练】
This is a very old song, so ______ young people know it.
A: few B: little c: a few D: a little
6.be interested in 对……感兴趣
要点精析 介词in后面通常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
I'm not interested in TV.我对看电视不感兴趣。
【辨析】 interested与interesting
interested意为“感兴趣的”，一般表示人对某物感兴趣;interesting意为“令人感兴趣的;
有趣的”，常表示某物令人感兴趣。
The game is really interesting.
这个游戏真的很有趣。
A baby is interested in everything around it.
婴儿对他/她周围的一切都感兴趣。
7.not...at all一点也不;根本不
要点精析 not在句中与系动词、助动词或情态动词构成否定句。
I can't grow vegetables at all.我根本不会种植蔬菜。
She isn’t heavy at all. 她一点也不胖。
【拓展】 “Not at all.”意为“没关系；不用谢”。
—I'm sorry to bother you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
—Not at all. 没关系。
—Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—Not at all. 不客气。
8.pick up捡起;拾起
要点精析 它的宾语有两种形式:
如果它的宾语是名词 该宾语可以位于pick和up之间,也可以位于pick up之后
如果它的宾语是代词 该宾语只能位于pick和up之间
Please pick up the wallet/pick the wallet up.
I picked it up and handed it to a policeman.
【拓展】pick up还可意为“接某人”。
I will pick you up at the station. 我将在车站接你。
【对点训练】
There is a flower on the floor. Would you please_______
A.pick up it B.pick up them
C.pick it up D.pick them up
9.stay up (late) 熬夜
要点精析 stay up意为“熬夜”。
She stayed up until 2:00 a.m. 她熬夜到凌晨两点。
【拓展】
常见的“动词+up”结构的短语还有:get up起床,起来;look up查阅,向上看;give up放弃;cut up切碎;grow up长大;wake up叫醒;put up搭建,张贴;pick up捡起。
10.put up 搭起;举起
要点精析 后接名词作宾语时，该名词通常放在短语之后，但也可放在短语中间；接代词作宾语时，该代词只能放在put和up的中间。
The box is too heavy. I can't put it up. 那个箱子太重了,我举不起来。
It's going to rain. Let's put up the tent.天要下雨了。咱们把帐篷搭起来吧。
put up还有“张贴”之意。如:
They put up a notice on the wall.
他们在墙上贴了一则通知。
【归纳】
【对点训练】
—Where did you _____the tent
—Near a lake. It was cool and quiet there.
A.put up B.wake up
C.stay up D.get up
11.go fishing 去钓鱼
要点精析 go fishing 去钓鱼， 属于“go + 动词现在分词”构成的短语动词，表示从事某种职业或活动
go skating去滑冰 go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船
go hunting去打猎 go camping去野营 go hiking去远足
go + v.-ing 之间没有修饰词，但将go改为do, 则中间要加上修饰词the 或者 some 等。
do some shopping 买东西 do some cleaning大扫除
12. come out
come 的其他相关短语：
come on 快点
come true 实现
come back 回来
come over 顺便拜访
【应用】
—I can’t see anything in your garden, Grandpa.
—But in spring, the flowers all ______.
A. come over B. come in
C. come on D. come out
13. in front of在……前面
I can't see the blackboard because a tall boy is sitting in front of me.
我看不到黑板,因为一个高个子男孩正坐在我的前面。
辨析in front of和in the front of的区别
in front of 指某场所或空间之外的前面
in the front of 指某场所或空间之内的前面
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一棵大树。(树在教室的外面)
There is a student standing in the front of the classroom.
有一个学生正站在教室的前面。(学生在教室的里面)
14.turn right 向右转
turn left 向左转
要点精析 其中turn作动词,意为“转向”。如:
Turn right at the end of the street. 在街的尽头往右拐。
常见的turn短语有:
【对点训练】
第二个十字路口左拐,然后你就能看见我们的学校。
______ ______ at the second crossing, and then you can see our school.
15. take one's order 点菜
要点精析 order作名词,意为“点菜”。如:
The waiter came to take their orders.
服务员来给他们点餐。
order其他用法：
v.点菜 I want to order the beef noodles.我想点牛肉面。
n.命令 We must obey the orders.我们必须服从命令。
v.命令 The official ordered them to go out. 那位官员命令他们出去。
【对点训练】
我姐姐经常命令我帮她做家务。
My sister often ______ ___ ___ _____ her with housework.
16. blow out吹灭
要点精析 其中blow作动词,意为“吹”。后接名词作宾语时，该名词通常放在短语之后，但也可放在短语中间；接代词作宾语时，该代词只能放在中间。
You should blow out the candles/blow the candles out first.
你应该先吹灭那些蜡烛。
Look at the candle on the table. Please blow it out.
看看桌子上的那支蜡烛,请把它吹灭吧。
【拓展】
“动词+out”的短语小结:look out当心,小心;come out出来,出版;go out外出;set out出发;work out算出,解决;put out熄灭,扑灭;run out用完,耗尽;find out发现,查明。
【对点训练】
Look at the candles on the cake, Ann. Can you ____ in one go
A.blow it out
B.blow out it
C.blow them out
D.blow out them
17.the number of, a number of
要点精析
The number of the students in our school is very small.我们学校的学生数量很少。
A large number of students are playing football.许多学生正在踢足球。
【对点训练】
There are ______ students in the playground,and______the boy students is 150.
A.a number of;the number of
B.the number of;a number of
C.a number of;a number of
D.the number of;the number of
18. shout at 冲…… 大声叫嚷
要点精析 at后接喊叫的对象。
There is someone shouting for help. 有人在大声求救。
Speak clearly and slowly. Don’t shout at others. 清楚地慢慢地说。不要冲他人喊叫。
辨析 shout at与shout to
shout at 意为“冲...... 大声叫嚷“，多指因生气或愤怒而冲着某人大声吼叫。 Li Ming’s mother shouted at him for his dishonesty. 妈妈因李明不诚实而对他大声嚷嚷。
shout to 意为“对 ..... 大声喊叫”，目的是让别人听见，多因距离远。 Mary shouted to us to come in and help her. 玛丽大声喊我们进来帮助她。
一、根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的短语，并用其正确形式填空。
1. My uncle has lots of cows on his farm. Last weekend, I helped him ____________. It was fun.
2. —May I ________________, sir
—Yes, please. Some beef and rice.
3. Julie is studying English in the classroom ___________.
4. The post office is ____________ the hotel.
5. I like to ____________ with my friends at the park every Saturday.
6. They always help ____________ with their study.
7. My family and I are ____________ in the mountains now.
8. When Jack is angry, he always ____________ me.
9. I felt _________ tired after the school trip.
10. How did ping -pong ____________ in China
二、根据句意及所给汉语提示，用相关短语填空。
1. Mona's teacher ____________ (对……要求严格) her.
2. We have to _______________ (遵守规则) at school.
3. Look! The man is _____________ (砍倒) the big tree.
4. Sorry, Alice isn't at home. May I ______________ (捎个口信) for her
5. Could you tell him to ____________ (给我回个电话)
6. The new Chinese restaurant is ____________ (在……前面) No. 7 High School.
7. [ 2020·广州改编] With our help, the baby bird got back to its nest _____________(最终).
8. He ____________ (吹灭) all the candles in one go just now.
9. Children usually ________________ (许愿) before eating the birthday cake.
10. The boys were so excited about the basketball match that they _____________(熬夜) talking in their bedroom..
11. The baby is sleeping now. Don't ______________ (把她弄醒).
12. Look! They are _____________ (搭起) a tent by the lake.
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