Unit 7 International charities期末复习知识大盘点（含解析）2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 International charities—八年级下学期英语牛津译林版期末复习知识大盘点
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能听懂发音清晰、语速较慢的简短口头表达，获取关键信息；积累日常生活中常用的习惯用语和交流信息的基本表达方式；积累常用的词语搭配。
文化意识 能初步了解英语的语用特征，选择恰当的交际策略；能意识到错误并进行适当的纠正。能理解与感悟中外优秀文化的内涵。
思维品质 能发现语篇中事件的发展和变化，辨识信息之间的相关性，把握语篇的整体意义；能辨识语篇中的衔接手段，判断句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。
学习能力 对英语学习有持续的兴趣和较为明确的学习需求与目标；有积极主动的学习态度和较强的自信心。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
被动语态
1. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。
2. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。
3. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
4. 一般现在时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
（1）谓语结构：is/ am/ are+.及物动词的过去分词
（2）各种句式：
① 肯定式：The classroom is cleaned every day.
教室每天被打扫。
② 否定式：The classroom isn't cleaned every day.
教室不是每天被打扫。
③ 一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned every day
教室是每天被打扫吗？
④ 特殊疑问句：What is cleaned every day
什么每天被打扫？
5. 一般过去时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
（1）谓语结构：was/ were +.及物动词的过去分词
（2）各种句式：
① 肯定式： The ruler was found under the desk.
尺子是在书桌下被找到的。
② 否定式： The ruler wasn't found under the desk.
尺子不是在书桌下被找到的。
③ 一般疑问句： Was the ruler found under the desk
尺子是在书桌下被找到的吗？
④ 特殊疑问句：Where was the ruler found
尺子是在哪儿找到的？
6. 使用被动语态需要注意的几个特殊问题。
（1）带介词的不及物动词在变为被动语态时，介词不能漏掉。
（2）当动词由不带to 的动词不定式作宾补时，在被动语态中，应加上动词不定式符号"to"。
（3）当动词带双宾语时，在被动语态中，将其中的一个宾语作主语，另一个不动；如果是将指物的作主语，则在另一个指人的宾语前应加上介词"to"或"for"，具体用哪一个根据动词来确定。
练习
1.I am afraid we cannot _____ to take a taxi. Let's go by underground instead.
A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall
2.—The Harry Potter books are so popular. Who are they written _____
—J.K. Rowling. She is a great British writer.
A.with B.by C.for D.as
3.—Do you know anything about the players in our school football team
—Yes. They are _____ young boys between the age of thirteen and fifteen.
A.most B.mostly C.much D.at most
4.Great changes have taken place in Xiangyang. We are all _____ the achievements.
A.known as B.proud of C.similar to D.good with
5.In 1958, pinyin ______ by Chinese linguist(语言学家) Zhou Youguang and his team.
A.designs B.designed C.is designed D.was designed
6.You’d better sing. It doesn’t ________ whether you can sing well or not.
A. work B. matter C. problem D .affect
7.Beijing will be the first city ________ both summer and winter Olympic Games.
A. will hold B. to hold C. holding D. holds
8.High school students are required ________ part in the volunteer project every term.
A. take B. taking C. took D. to take
9.The bridge ________ Xinshougang Bridge in 2019.
A. names B. named C. is named D. was named
10.—Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins(鱼翅).
—I think shark trade should ______.
A. were killed, be stopped B. killed, stopped
C. are killed, be stopped D. will kill, will stop
答案
1.答案：B
解析：句意: 恐怕我们支付不起乘出租车(的费用)。让我们乘地铁吧。refuse拒绝; afford支付得起; forget忘记; fall开始变成。故选B。
2.答案：B
解析：此处表达: 它们是谁写的 在被动语态中通常用by sb.表示"被某人......"。故选B。
3.答案：B
解析：most常作限定词或代词, 意为"大部分"; mostly作副词, 意为"主要地, 大部分地"; much意为"非常"; at most意为"至多"。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：句意: 襄阳发生了巨大的变化。我们都为这样的成就而自豪。be known as...作为......而出名; be proud of...因......而自豪; be similar to...与......相似; be good with...善于应付......。人们应该对成就感到"自豪"。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：句意: 1958年, 中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计了拼音。根据In 1958可知用一般过去时; 句子的主语与谓语动词design是被动关系, 故用被动语态。故选D。
6.答案：B
解析：句意：你最好唱歌。你唱得好不好无关紧要。考查词义辨析。work工作；matter要紧；problem问题；affect影响；根据“You’d better sing...whether you can sing well or not.”可知，唱的好不好不要紧。故选B。
7.答案：B
解析：句意：北京将是第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。考查非谓语动词。hold“举行”，是动词，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，to hold both summer and winter Olympic Games.在这里修饰city。故选B。
8.答案：D
解析：句意：高中生每学期都被要求参加志愿者项目。考查非谓语动词。固定短语require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。故选D。
9.答案：D
解析：句意：2019年这座桥被命名为新首钢大桥。考查动词的时态和语态。根据“in 2019”可知句子讲述过去的事，是一般过去时。主语“The bridge”和动词“name”之间是被动关系，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动形式。主语是单数概念，表达动词“被命名”用“was named”。故选D。
10.答案：C
解析：句意：——每年，有超过7000000条鲨鱼被捕杀以获取鱼鳍。 ——我认为应该停止鲨鱼交易。考查一般现在时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。由“Every year,”可知，第一个空应该用一般现在时， sharks与谓语动词kill是被动关系，因此第一个空应该用一般现在时的被动语态；第二个空的 shark trade 与动词stop是被动关系，而should是情态动词，因此第二个空应该用含有情态动词的被动语态。故选C。
四、核心素养对接中考
一、
Have you ever thought about what it would be like to give instead of getting something for your birthday Kyle Breeden, an 11-year-old boy, has done that ever since he was six years old. Every November, Kyle invites his whole class to his birthday celebration. He asks each friend to bring a new toy to donate to Toys for Tots.
Toys for Tots, an American charity organization, gives away Christmas toys to children whose parents cannot afford them. Kyle, a fifth grader, has donated more than 2,000 toys to the organization. He plans to continue collecting toys for other kids for many years to come.
During a recent interview, Kyle said that his parents have always been involved in charity events. When he was six, Kyle asked his parents how he could help, too. Like every other kid, he was looking forward to his birthday, which is just before Christmas. But this year, he wondered if he could donate his birthday toys, so his parents helped him get involved in Toys for Tots. He told his parents that many people are still struggling for life. Therefore I want to help the community so that we can all have a magical Christmas.
Kyle attends the annual(每年的) Toys for Tots event held by John Minadakis. "I have never seen that someone give so many toys at such a young age," said Minadakis. "Kyle's ability to put others before himself is a quality(品质) that will take him far in life."
Kyle hopes that through his example, and other kids will be inspired to help others. "It feels good to do charity work," he said. "Even the smallest toy can make a kid's day."
1. How many times has Kyle donated toys to Toys for Tots
A. Four. B. Six. C. Nine. D. Eleven.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about Kyle
A. He is in Grade Six.
B. He buys toys for homeless children.
C. He and his parents are all interested in charity work.
D. He stops donating after he has given away 2,000 toys.
3. Why did Kyle donate toys to Toys for Tots
A. To learn from his classmates.
B. To make his parents proud of him.
C. To help children have happy birthdays like him.
D. To help children in need have a happy Christmas.
4. What did John Minadakis say about Kyle
A. He is too young to help others in this way.
B. His kindness will help him in his future life.
C. He has the ability to help others in the future.
D. He will continue helping others in other places.
5. What does the underlined word "inspired" mean in Chinese
A.感兴趣 B.被迫 C.宣传 D.激励
二、
A: Do you think the Olympics can change a city even after the Games finish
B: Oh, yes. They can really change a city and help the people who live there.
A: ①_____
B: Yes, of course. One example is the Beijing Olympics. They built a new swimming centre. ②_____
A: A great example! Can the Games make money for a city
B: Sure. More people go to those cities even after the Games. ③_____
A: What about children ④_____
B: Before the Games, many children preferred to play video games and watch TV. ⑤_____
A: It's really a big change.
A.Tourists make money for a city.
B.Can you give us an example
C.Now they begin to do more sports outside.
D.Do you play a lot of sports
E.How can the Olympics change them
F.Many people think the Olympics cost a lot of money.
G.Now it has become a popular place for people to visit.
答案
一、
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由短文第一段第二句"Kyle Breeden, an 11-year-old boy, has done that ever since he was six years old."可知,凯尔今年11岁,他从6岁开始捐赠玩具,已经捐赠6次了。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知,凯尔和他的父母都对做慈善工作感兴趣,和选项C所述一致。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Therefore I want to help the community so that we can all have a magical Christmas."可知,凯尔通过捐赠玩具,希望得到玩具的孩子们能度过一个愉快的圣诞节。故选D。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Kyle's ability to put others before himself is a quality that will take him far in life."可知,凯尔的善良将对他未来的生活有所帮助。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。联系上下文可知,此处表示"凯尔希望通过他的例子,来激励其他孩子去帮助他人"。故选D。
二、
答案：①-⑤ BGAEC
解析：①根据答句所举事例"One example is the Beijing Olympics. They built a new swimming centre."可推断此处是说"Can you give us an example "。故选B。
②根据前句"They built a new swimming centre."可推断现在那里是许多人喜欢游玩的地方。故选G。
③根据上文"Can the Games make money for a city "和"More people go to those cities even after the Games."。故选A。
④根据前句"What about children "可推断设空处询问奥运会对孩子们的影响。故选E。
⑤从前句"Before the Games, many children preferred to play video games and watch TV."可知此处比较孩子们在奥运会前后发生的不同的变化, 即"Now they begin to do more sports outside."。故选C。