Unit 1 Past and present—期末复习知识大盘点（含答案） 2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Past and present—八年级下学期英语牛津译林版期末复习知识大盘点
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能听懂发音清晰、语速较慢的简短口头表达，获取关键信息；积累日常生活中常用的习惯用语和交流信息的基本表达方式；积累常用的词语搭配。
文化意识 能初步了解英语的语用特征，选择恰当的交际策略；能意识到错误并进行适当的纠正。能理解与感悟中外优秀文化的内涵。
思维品质 能发现语篇中事件的发展和变化，辨识信息之间的相关性，把握语篇的整体意义；能辨识语篇中的衔接手段，判断句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。
学习能力 对英语学习有持续的兴趣和较为明确的学习需求与目标；有积极主动的学习态度和较强的自信心。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
1. 现在完成时
（1）定义
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。
（2）构成：
肯定句：主语+have/has + done
否定句：主语+have/has + not +done
一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+done
2. since的用法
（1）since作介词时，意为“从……以来”。since+ 时间点表示一段时间，常与完成时态连用，相当于for+一段时间。
I have lived here since 5 years ago.
=I have lived here for 5 years.
自从五年前我就住在这儿。
（2）since作连词时，还可引导时间状语从句。通常主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Uncle Wang has worked at this factory since he came to this city.
自从到这个城市以来，王叔叔一直在这个工厂工作。
练习
1.John is pretty self-disciplined (自律的). He ________ eats junk food.
A. hardly B. ever C. sometimes D. often
2.Once we learn how to ride a bike, we will never ______ how to do it.
A. forget B. remember C. realize D. wonder
3.We were talking with the exchange students ________ the door opened quietly.
A. after B. while C. before D. when
4.The doctor gave us some good ________ on how to keep healthy.
A.advice B.suggestion C.ambition D.goal
5.I'm so glad that I _____ nearly half of the test now.
A.finish B.finished C.will finish D.have finished
6.—Where are the teachers now
—In the meeting room. They _____ the meeting for 10 minutes.
A.have begun B.have been on C.have had D.have been held
7.I _____ the guitar ever since I was 8 years old.
A.played B.have played C.am playing D.will play
8.—Have you _____ finished your homework
—Yes. I finished it _____.
A. just; just now B. just now; just C. just; just D. just now; just now
9.— Becky, we're leaving in several minutes. Are you ready
— No, I ________ my clothes yet.
A. have packed B. haven't packed C. didn't pack
10.—I think keeping dogs will not make you feel lonely.
—_____. In my opinion, dogs sometimes bring you a lot of trouble.
A. Not exactly B. Take it easy C.I agree with you D.That's a good idea
答案
1.答案：A
解析：句意：约翰相当的自律，他很少吃垃圾食品。考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；ever曾经；sometimes有时候；often经常。根据“pretty self-disciplined (自律的)”可知自律应是很少吃垃圾食品。故选A。
2.答案：A
解析：句意：一旦我们学会了骑自行车，我们将永远不会忘记如何骑自行车。考查动词辨析。forget忘记；remember记得；realize意识到；wonder想知道。根据“Once we learn how to ride a bike, we will never...how to do it”可知一旦学会了骑自行车，就不会忘记。故选A。
3.答案：D
解析：句意：我们正与交换生交谈时，门悄悄地开了。考查连词辨析。after在……之后；while当……时候；before在……之前；when当……时候。根据“We were talking with the exchange students...the door opened quietly.”可知此处表示某个动作正在进行的时候，另一个动作发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。
4.答案：A
解析：句意:医生就如何保持健康给了我们一些很好的建议。考查名词辨析。advice建议, 不可数名词; suggestion建议, 可数名词单数形式; ambition雄心; goal目标; 根据"on how to keep healthy"可知, 此处指的是“给了一些建议”, 空前有"some"修饰, 名词用不可数形式或复数形式。故选A。
5.答案：D
解析：本题考查动词的时态。句意: 我很高兴我现在已经完成了将近一半的测试。根据语境可知, 此处应用现在完成时, 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：句意: —老师们现在在哪儿 —在会议室里。他们已经开会十分钟了。短语"for 10 minutes" 必须与延续性动词连用, 因此排除 A、D; be on开始, 主语通常为电影、戏剧、会议等; 短语have the meeting“开会”, 主语为人。故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：考查动词时态。句意: 我从8岁起就开始弹吉他。表示从过去开始持续到现在或还要持续下去, 且句中有since引导的一般过去时的从句, 故用现在完成时。故选B。
8.答案：A
解析：副词just常用于现在完成时,意为“刚刚”;短语just now用于一般过去时,意为“刚才”。故选A。
9.答案：B
解析：句意:—贝姬,几分钟后我们就要离开了。你准备好了吗 —没有,我还没有收拾好我的衣服。由No和yet可知设空处应用现在完成时的否定表达。故选B。
10.答案：A
解析：考查情景交际。句意: —我想养狗不会使你感到寂寞。—不完全如此。在我看来, 有时狗会给你带来很多麻烦。根据上下文意思可知应答者不同意对方的说法, 用Not exactly"不完全如此" 表示否定。故选A。
四、核心素养对接中考
一、
①Here is the car of the future! This car is very different from today’s cars; it is silent and clean. Today’s cars have wheels (轮子), but this one does not. It moves like a snail (蜗牛), but is much faster than a snail!
②This car will use electricity (电) instead of gas. It can be charged (充电) very quickly from chargers built into the road. It will also be very easy to drive.
③In fact, you won’t need to drive it because it will drive itself. You will just need to tell the computer: “Go to X” and the car will go there. Also, it will reach there very quickly, much faster than today’s cars. It will also be very safe and comfortable.
④A lot of the technology already exists (存在), but it is very experimental (试验阶段). Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will have solar energy panels (太阳能电池板). They will store (储存) energy under the road and some cars will be able to use it.
⑤However, you won’t be able to drive a “snail car”, even if you’re under 20 today. Maybe this is the car of the year 2100, and your grandchildren may drive it.
⑥ ________________________! No pollution, no traffic jams, no stress. Scientists have lots of ideas about the cars of the future. It will be interesting to see what ideas they come up with (想到) many years from now.
1.According to the passage, the car of the future ________.
A. is silent and clean B. has no wheels
C. is safe and comfortable D. all above
2.We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the new cars uses gas
B. the new cars uses solar energy
C. we won’t need to drive the new cars by ourselves
D. we may drive the new cars if we are under 20 years old
3.Which of the following sentences can be put in the ________
A. Driving will be difficult in the 22nd century!
B. Driving will be nice in the 22nd century!
C. Driving will be boring in the 22nd century!
D. Driving will be tiring in the 22nd century!
4.If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best
①=Para. 1 (自然段)
②=Para. 2
③=Para. 3
④=Para. 4
⑤=Para. 5
⑥=Para. 6
A. ①②//③④//⑤⑥ B. ①②③//④⑤//⑥ C. ①②//③④⑤//⑥ D. ①//②③④⑤//⑥
二、
"The only constant(不变) in life is change," Heraclitus said in about 500 B.C. That could be more true today. ①_____ Technology is out of date almost by the time you buy it. We get plenty of information every day. Francis Bacon said, "Knowledge is power." In fact, there is more information in a newspaper than he would have experienced in his whole life.
Why are we afraid of change ②_____ After all, who knows what new dangers might appear However, change is also the only way of development. Nobody can stop it in life. Luckily, our brains become stronger when meeting the unknown. ③_____ To be more imaginative and creative, you should look for and find environments you have no experience with.
④_____ For example, try a new restaurant, or go to a play or a concert you normally wouldn't attend. Small changes can help you gradually get used to uncertainty(不确定). So when bigger things happen, you'll be more fully prepared for them.
People who fear change often stick to a certain lifestyle. They believe they can control the future by doing so. ⑤_____ If you can move from just accepting it to actively finding it out and dealing with it, you will be successful.
A.People are thirsty for knowledge.
B.That's because our brains want to protect us.
C.But change comes whether you ask for it or not.
D.We live in a world that is changing every minute.
E.You can learn how to face the changes in daily life.
F.Dealing with the unexpected needs imagination and creativity.
答案
一、
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据“This car is very different from today’s cars; it is silent and clean. Today’s cars have wheels (轮子), but this one does not.”和“It will also be very safe and comfortable.”可知，未来的汽车安静且干净，没有轮子，会非常安全舒适。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“In fact, you won’t need to drive it because it will drive itself.”可知，你不需要驾驶它，因为它会自动驾驶。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据“No pollution, no traffic jams, no stress.”可知，没有污染，没有交通堵塞，没有压力。所以此处在说未来汽车的优点。故选B。
4.答案：D
解析：篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第1段总述未来汽车的特点，第2-5段介绍未来汽车还有待发展，第6段进行总结。故选D。
二、
答案：①-⑤ DBFEC
解析：①句意: 我们生活在一个每时每刻都在变化的世界里。根据前句"The only constant in life is change," 以及后句"Technology is out of date almost by the time you buy it. We get plenty of information every day." 可知, 这里是说生活在每时每刻都在变化的世界里。故选D。
②句意: 那是因为我们的大脑想保护我们。根据前句"Why are we afraid of change " 可知, 这里是要回答前面提出的问题, 综合信息可知, B项是回答why提出的问题。故选B。
③句意: 处理突发事件需要想象力和创造力。根据后句"To be more imaginative and creative, you should look for and find environments you have no experience with, 可推知, 设空处应提到了想象力和创造力, F选项符合语境。故选F。
④句意: 你可以学习如何面对日常生活中的变化。根据后句"For example, try a new restaurant, or go to a play or a concert you normally wouldn't attend. Small changes can help you gradually get used to uncertainty." 可知, 这里说的是要学舍如何面对改变, 综合所给的选项可知, E选项符合。故选E。
⑤句意: 但不管你要求与否,改变都会到来。根据后句"If you can move from just accepting it to actively finding it out and dealing with it, you will be successful." 可知C项"不管你要求与否, 改变都会到来" 符合语境。故选C。