2024年人教版中考英语阅读理解之篇章结构

阅读理解
--篇章结构
1. 确定指代关系
2. 对句子意义或作用的理解
3. 对段落大意或段落作用的理解
4. 对文章组织结构的理解
从段落层次理解文章结构
提问：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
What is the structure of the passage、
Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage
Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
1. 议论文结构
提出问题、分析问题、解决问题（由论点到论据到结论）
2. 说明文、夹叙夹议文章结构
点明中心、论述、结论
句与句、句与段、段与段
1
How long does a year last Children might say that a year lasts forever. But your parents might say that a whole year can pass in the blink of an eye. Why does time seem to pass faster as we get older
According to scientists, our brains degrade (退化) and change over time. This physical change causes the speed of taking in and dealing with new information to decline (下降).
Babies, for example, move their eyes much more often than grown-ups because they’re dealing with images (图像) at a faster speed. They take in a lot of information and do many things in a single day. This makes them feel like a single day lasts for a long time.
However, as people’s brains degrade over time, fewer images are dealt with in the same amount of time. Therefore, older people receive less information during a day than younger people. This causes things to seem as if they are happening more quickly.
What’s more, people may also “feel” time differently due to psychological (心理的) reasons. People may measure time by the number of memorable events that can be recalled within a certain period.
Have you ever noticed that when you recall your firsts (first day of school, first family vacation, etc.), they seem to be in slow motion (慢动作) That’s because when something is a “first”, there are many exciting things to remember. Recalling these memories makes you feel like they take forever, according to David Eagleman of the Baylor College of Medicine in the US.
For many grown-ups, life is routine (常规的). When they look back, they might feel like there are not many interesting things to remember. Therefore, time seems to be moving faster to them.
What is structure of this passage (①=Paragraph 1)
选C
2
How can you combine games with English learning The answer is Wordle! Wordle players must correctly guess a five-letter word with just six tries. You either win by guessing it or lose because you run out of tries.
Invented by software engineer Josh Wardle, the game has been popular with millions of players across the world. Every midnight, Wordle refreshes its word of the day. For example, the answer for March 3 is ALOUD.
As you guess, the game gives you hints. For example, if a letter is correct and in the right place, it turns green. If the letter is not in the word, it turns gray. If the letter is part of the word but in the wrong place, it turns yellow. These hints make the game into a puzzle.
You need knowledge to win this game, not just luck. Every syllable (音节) in an English word includes at least one vowel (元音), so finding vowels is a useful method. For example, in the word “think”, there is only one syllable and there is one vowel “i”.
Several days ago, I played this game and found it very interesting. First, I guessed the word “table”. Only “a” was green. Then, I guessed “maker” and the “r” turned yellow. In the end, I guessed “carry” and I was correct!
Wordle is not only a perfect game to have fun, but also an excellent tool to increase your English vocabulary. Why not have a try in your spare time
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
选A
3
AI (artificial intelligence) and machine learning refer to the ability of machines to learn and act intelligently. It means they can make decisions, finish tasks, and even tell the possible future results based on what they learn from data.
AI and machine learning already play a bigger role in everyday life than you might imagine. Healthcare, banking, video games, every search on the Internet you make..., all are driven by AI.
AI is going to change almost every field of modern life. Stephen Hawking said, “Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history.” And Hawking added at once, “Unluckily, it might also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks.”
▲ especially when you consider some countries are racing to develop AI-enabled autonomous weapons (人工智能自主武器). It is also going to change and take the place of many human jobs. The same worries also come from the public. According to the survey result from Centre for the Governance of AI, 91% of the people (tend to and totally) agree that “AI is a technology that requires careful management” in Europe.
But rather than agreeing with an idea of a helpless future where all human jobs are given over to robots, some people believe AI will make on working lives better. It will improve the work of humans, and new jobs will appear to take the place of the old ones.
What’s more, machines become more intelligent and they are able to finish more human tasks. Things which only belong to humans lie creativity and critical (批判性的) thinking, will become even more valuable in the future.
Like it or not, AI is here. Maybe changing ourselves and managing it well are the best way out. Just as Benjamin Franklin once said, “When you’re finished changing, you’re finished.”
Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A. ①②/③④/⑤⑥⑦
B. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥/⑦
C. ①/②③/④⑤/⑥/⑦
D. ①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦
选B
4
For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (维修电器) under new requirements for labor education.
The Ministry of Education (MOB) brought out a new standard for labor education in schools last year. Starting from 2022 fall semester, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labor skills at least once a week.
The new standards include three types of labor tasks. The first is basic life skills like everyday household chores, including cleaning, cooking, using and maintaining home appliances. Next is industry and agriculture (农业) labor practice, including new technologies like 3D printing, and traditional crafts (工艺) learning. The third type is service work such as community volunteer services.
Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying, and many have regarded household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labor education must be built up to help students enrich their life experience, cultivate (培养) a positive view of labor, value hard work, and develop an interest in labor.
Online people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media.
Li Ting, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Shanghai, strongly supports labor education. For the past year, she trained her daughters to do chores and make simple dishes for the family.
“The main idea is to let kids share responsibility and become independent as early as they can.” said Wang Peng, a father from Guangzhou.
“Children’s hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained by doing housework.” said Sun Yunxiao, a parenting expert.
They all agree that children will find fun in doing chores through such education.
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is best (①=Para.l)
A. ①②；③④；⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨
B. ①；②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧；⑨
C. ①；②③④；⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨
D. ①②③④；⑤⑥⑦⑧；⑨
选C
5
Around the world, people are more and more worried about the environment. Many people now prefer products and companies that care about the earth and cause less pollution. This need for green products has led large companies to change their business.
Before, customers used cheap plastic (塑料) bags, and then threw them away. But now most supermarkets and stores usually provide reusable shopping bags for them. This causes less waste. They also offer more local products, because less energy is needed for carrying them from one place to another.
To help lower air pollution, big car factories are looking for other ways to control the amount of oil. Cars that use much less oil are very popular. Many companies are also developing fully electric cars. They produce no air pollution at all. Both kinds of cars have another advantage: They are cheaper to run and people don’t need to worry about oil prices.
The airline companies face an even greater green challenge. Airplanes use much more oil than cars. So many airlines are now developing planes that can run on some other kinds of oil. They create less pollution and cost less. The companies are also developing a new kind of planes, and some of them use only solar panels (太阳能板) to fly!
Green businesses used to be popular with only a small group of people. But nowadays more and more companies have to show they care about the environment. Many products are marked “green” in order to look nice. However, people still have to be careful when choosing green products. It’s important to make sure the products are as environmentally friendly as the businessmen say.
Which is the right structure of the passage (①＝Paragraph 1)
A. B. C. D.
选A
6
Have you ever been lucky enough to see an owl (猫头鹰) in the wild If it was small and brown with white spots, it could have been a burrowing (穴居) owl. These owls are found across North America.
The burrowing owl got its name because of how it makes its home. This owl does not build a nest in a tree. Instead, it nests in holes. The holes are under the ground, called burrows.
It is important to protect the burrowing owl so that it does not become endangered. In several states, the burrowing owl is listed as a “bird of special care”. That doesn’t mean it is endangered yet. If it continues to decrease in numbers though, it will be at risk of dying out in the future. There are fewer burrowing owls today than there were in the past because of a few different reasons. Cities have spread across land once used for farming. As a result, the owls lose their living places, or natural homes. In areas used for farming, large machines can destroy their nests under the ground.
People can help save the burrowing owl in a few different ways. They can talk to their family members and friends and tell them not to destroy any burrows. People can put up signs to tell that owls are nesting in the area. They can also encourage others not to use pesticides (杀虫剂) in gardens to kill insects because burrowing owls eat insects and may be influenced. We all can do our part to make sure the burrowing owl is here to stay for many years to come.
What is the structure of the text
A. ①/②③④ B. ①/②③/④ C. ①②/③/④ D. ①②③/④
选A
7
“Human beings, for one reason or another, may hide their feelings, but a cat does not,” said Ernest Hemingway. A round face, big eyes, soft fur and a quiet purr (猫的呜呜声). It’s not easy to say no to a cute cat. Yes, it’s no secret how much people around the world love cats. From China to the US, people allover the world love to show off their cats.
Cats become such a big part of pop culture in China that young people have come up with cat-related phrases, such as “cat slave(奴隶)” to refer to people who really love their cats, and “a daily dose (剂量) of cats” to refer to having to watch a certain number of cat videos to get through the long and tiring day.
People in Japan are also huge fans of cats. As the birthplace of Hello Kitty and the “beckoning cat (招财猫)”, Japan made a “cat train” that was ridden around the country with 30 cats that lost their ways in 2017. Passengers could sit and play with the cats on the train, could sit and play with the cats on the train, offering the animals plenty of care and warmth.
Istanbul, a historic city in Turkey, is also friendly to cats. Cats there are not afraid of people. They go in and out of almost everywhere - coffee shops, markets, universities, and even government buildings. If you sit in a park, a cat is likely to come and be there with you.
Seeing how cats have been loved all over the world, you may wonder why some people like cats more than dogs. This may have something to do with how they think about themselves - modern young people see the independence of cats as something important.
“Unlike dogs, who look at us with their loving eyes, cats appear to show off their independence. They ask for attention in a different way. That way tells us that they want human to be there with them, but they don’t need it”, a cat lover said.
How can the passage be divided into
A. ①②/③④⑤⑥
B. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥
C. ①/②③④/⑤⑥
D. ①②③④/⑤⑥
选C
8
Lu Ban came up with the idea of the ruler when he was young. Benjamin Franklin invented swim flippers (蛙鞋) at the age of 12. And last year, the 6-year-old Kate Smith, published her invention for baby medical treatment. The stories of the young inventors remind people of children’s great creativity. Scientists agree that children are more creative than adults and they have the power to create and invent.
Every invention starts with curiosity (好奇心) and a heart to explore. Children are naturally curious and have a spirit of discovery, which drives them to ask questions, explore problems, and try to solve them. Lily Peterson, at the age of 9, created the ice cream stick just because she wanted to hold the frozen cream. But the simple invention has transformed the way we eat ice cream, making it easier and more enjoyable for people of all ages.
What’s more, children can learn quickly and like turning new knowledge into practice. They are not afraid to think differently and can challenge long-held ideas. They enjoy getting the sense of confidence and pride when they try out their ideas. It makes them take an active part in scientific experiments (实验) and create unexpected ideas.
Children’s ability to create is really valuable. Adults should encourage them and provide them with chances to explore the world. By doing so, children can help to make the world around them better.
What is the structure of the passage
A. ①/②③/④
B. ①/②③④
C. ①②/③④
D. ①②③/④
选A
9
Disney theme parks can be found around the world. The first park was built in Anaheim, California in the USA. At first, Walt Disney wanted to call it Mickey Mouse Park. But in the end, the name Disneyland was chosen for it.
The building of the first Disneyland began on 16 July, 1954 and it opened on 17 July, 1955. Unluckily, the opening day faced several challenges. The weather was especially hot, and the drinking fountains (喷泉式饮水器) weren’t available for use yet. The park wasn’t completely finished. Three areas of the park had to be closed for safety reasons just a few hours after opening. In spite of (尽管) all of the problems, this Disneyland quickly became popular. Within seven weeks, one million people had visited the park. By 1956, five million people had entered through the park’s gates.
Today, there are many theme parks that people can visit. Then what makes Disneyland so special To start, it is the first theme park of its kind. It is a place for both adults and children to enjoy themselves. Many people have visited the park many times. Some families even have a tradition of visiting the park every year.
Another thing is all of the small details included in its environment. People feel like they are entering a different world when they step through the gates. The rides, the buildings and everything else in the park are carefully designed to create a magical place where visitors can relax and have fun.
The characters are another thing that makes Disneyland special. Visitors can talk to the characters, take pictures with them, and even get their autographs (亲笔签名). This is a truly great experience, especially for kids. For those who grew up watching Disney cartoons, movies, and TV shows, a visit to Disneyland also brings back wonderful memories.
What’s the structure of the passage (①=Paragraph 1)
A. ①/②/③④⑤
B. ①②/③④/⑤
C. ①/②③④/⑤
D. ①②/③/④⑤
选A
10
More researchers are turning to artificial intelligence (Al) to monitor (监测) the environment and save endangered creatures (生物). Unlike traditional methods that can damage the environment or require much time and physical work, Al has the ability to quickly and effectively deal with a large amount of data.
Creatures are disappearing at a speed thousands of times faster than that millions of years ago, with one million creatures endangered. The United Nations set a goal in 2020 to guard at least 30% of Earth’s land and oceans by the end of 2030. “Al is imperfect but could make important discoveries faster and earlier,” says Nicolas Miailhe, founder of The Future Society, an organization that aims to better manage Al. “We need skilled humans to design AI models and check and collect data.
A type of AI model called a convolutional neural network (CNN) has been developed to recognize bird sounds. The CNN is able to pick out 75 kinds of the birds. “Our results show that Al has the ability to recognize birds in the wild from sound,” says Muller, the team leader. “All that is needed now is more training data collected by humans.”
Besides monitoring creatures in real time, Al can be used to model the impacts of human activities on the environment and rebuild historical changes. Researchers have used Al to discover how a century’s environmental damage in a river has led to creature loss.
Although human activities have resulted in creature loss in rivers and lakes, little is known about which activities have the largest impact. “Al will do soon,” says Luisa Orsini, a researcher from the University of Birmingham.
What is the structure of the article
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①/②③/④/⑤
C. ①②/③④/⑤
D. ①/②③④⑤
选D
11
It was a warm afternoon. A boy was reading a book in a busy square. As he read on, an old man sat down at his side and started talking to him.
“I’ve read the book. It’s about the world’s greatest lie,” said the old man, looking at the book.
“What’s that ” the boy asked in surprise.
“We won’t get what we dream of.”
“Really Why are you saying that Who are you ” asked the boy. “I’m the king of Salem. I have power from the universe,” said the old man. “ I always appear when somebody is working so hard to follow his dream, either in the form of a solution, or a good idea. There are other things I do, too.”
The old man continued. Once, he appeared before a miner, and took the form of a stone. The miner had given up everything and went mining for emeralds (翡翠). For five years he had been working a certain river, and had examined hundreds of thousands of stones looking for an emerald, The miner was about to give it all up, right at the point when, if he were to examine just one more stone just one more he would find his emerald. Since the miner gave up everything to follow his dream, the old man decided to use his power. He changed himself into a stone that rolled (滚动) to the miner’s foot. The miner, with all the anger of his five fruitless years, picked up the stone and threw it aside. But he threw it with such force that it broke the stone, and there, was the most beautiful emerald in the world.
“When you really want something, all the universe helps you achieve it,” the old man said.
Which of the following best describes the old man’s last sentence
A. Rome was not built in a day.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. God helps those who help themselves.
D. A thousand miles begins with a single step.
选C
When the flood hit their small town, Sadie and her family were caught off guard. They had never experienced anything like this before and they didn’t know how to survive the flood. The water was rising quickly and they had to act fast.
Sadie’s parents began gathering important things such as food, water, and first aid box at once. They also made sure to take warm clothes since it was getting colder outside.
Next, they built a shelter (避难所) on higher ground using whatever materials they could find - tent, fallen tree branches and so on. They knew that they needed to stay dry and warm in order to avoid hypothermia (低温症).
As the floodwaters continued to rise, Sadie’s family decided to leave their home and head towards the emergency center that had been set up by the local government. They walked with an effort through one-meter-deep water, holding onto each other for support.
Once they arrived at the emergency center, they were given clean water, food, and medical care if needed. They also received information about what was happening in their town and when it would be safe to return home.
The next few days were difficult for Sadie’s family as they waited for the floodwaters to move back. They helped out at the emergency center by volunteering their time, talking to neighbors and offering support to those who needed it.
When it was finally safe to return home, Sadie’s family found their house damaged (损毁) by the floodwaters. But thanks to their quick thinking and preparation beforehand
The experience of surviving the flood left a lasting influence on Sadie and her family. It made them realize just how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters like floods.
How does the writer develop the story
A. In space order.
B. In time order.
C. From the whole to the part.
D. From effect to cause.
选B
First, let’s look at the good for health. Cycling can improve your health and bur extra body fat. Exercising your legs helps to increase your strength. And its strength isn’t just physical, but mental (精神的) as well. A long ride in the countryside could help you clear your mind, or lower your worry. But it’s not only about your body and mind, there are also some good sides for your wallet’s health.
What is the meaning of “wallet’s health” in Paragraph 2
A. Cycling saves money.
B. Cycling wastes money.
C. Cycling keeps your wallet safe.
D. Cycling keeps you safe.
选A