2024年北京第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试模拟卷01
考生须知
1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.本试卷共22页，四道大题(共100分)。
3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答;非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡按要求放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
一、听力理解(共25小题;每小题1分，共25分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1分，共20分)
听下面十段对话或独白，从每题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．Why is the woman talking to the man
A．To express her gratitude. B．To ask for help. C．To show her kindness.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Mr. White, I’m very grateful for all your generosity.
M: Don’t mention it. I’m glad I can provide help to families in crisis situations. And I have appreciated your kindness.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．What can we learn about the speakers
A．They don’t like the Easter holiday at all.
B．They’ll be flying somewhere for their vacation.
C．They’ll stay at home during the holiday.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Well, the Easter holiday should soon be here.
M: Yes. Isn’t it exciting by this time next week We’ll be on the plane.
听第3 段材料，回答第3题。
3．What was Becky doing when a car crashed into her house
A．Doing the gardening. B．Eating dinner. C．Doing the cleaning.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Hey, Kylie, where are you going It’s too late. You haven’t eaten dinner.
W: I have to go to the hospital. A car crashed into the backyard of Becky’s house when she was watering flowers in the garden.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．What will the speakers probably do next
A．Turn on a fan. B．Leave the office. C．Set off the alarm.
【答案】B
【原文】M: That’s the fire alarm. Everybody needs to get out of the office.
W: It’s a false alarm. The fan has set off the alarm again.
M: You could be right but safety must come first. Please leave the building.
听第5段材料，回答第5题至第6题。
5．What did the man do
A．He broke Terry’s cup. B．He broke the woman’s cup. C．He lied to Terry.
6．How does Terry probably feel about the man
A．Annoyed. B．Frightened. C．Surprised.
【答案】5．B 6．A
【原文】W: You’re a liar. How could you tell me it was Terry who broke my cup It was your fault. Now look at what you’ve done.
M: I’m really sorry for what I have done. I know it was your favorite cup, so I didn’t have the courage to tell you the truth.
W: You worry too much. You didn’t do it on purpose. But getting Terry to forgive you won’t be easy for the moment.
M: I know. I’ll try my best to make up for my mistake.
听第6段材料，回答第7题至第8题。
7．Why did the man take all the glass back home
A．There was no space in the bottle bank.
B．The glass was broken.
C．The bottle bank was closed.
8．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Leave the glass on the ground.
B．Make a complaint to a newspaper.
C．Empty the bottle bank more often.
【答案】7．A 8．B
【原文】M: I went to the bottle bank (玻璃瓶回收站) today, and guess what, it was completely full!
W: Oh, that’s a shame. Did you have to bring all the glass home again
M: Yes. There was a sign saying not to leave anything on the ground. I really don’t understand why they can’t empty it more often. What’s the point of having a bottle bank if you can’t put any bottles into it
W: You’re right. Maybe you should write a letter to a newspaper about that.
听第7段材料，回答第9题至第11题。
9．Why does Kevin say life on Frenchboro is different
A．It’s very simple.
B．It’s quite exciting.
C．It’s rather hopeless.
10．What is the school on Frenchboro like
A．It has no teachers.
B．It has small classes.
C．It has fifty students.
11．What will the people on Frenchboro do when they need medical care
A．They go to the mainland.
B．They visit the local hospital.
C．They ask the visitors for help.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A
【原文】W: Good evening. In today’s program, we’ll learn about a small island off the coast of Maine from the people living on it. Let’s welcome our guest, Mr. Kevin Baldwin. So Kevin, what is it like to live on Frenchboro
M: Well, life on Frenchboro is different from the way most people are living. There are no movie theatres, clothing stores or restaurants. What we do have is the most beautiful, peaceful island anyone could wish for. There are about fifty people living on it where everyone knows everyone else.
W: Where do children go to school
M: We have a school where the students have small classes, five or six students with a teacher in a class. Each child is well cared for.
W: Where do you get medical care
M: There are no medical services on the island. We take care of ourselves and each other to the best of our abilities, and head to the mainland for medical attention. Visitors are expected to keep themselves healthy and bring with them enough medicine during their stay on the island.
听第8段材料，回答第12题至第14题。
12．How high is the Great Pyramid
A．About 130 metres. B．About 135 metres. C．About 137 metres.
13．How old is the Great Pyramid
A．About 500 years. B．About 4,500 years. C．About 5,500 years.
14．What can we know about the Great Pyramid
A．It has been destroyed. B．It is being repaired. C．It is too far away.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．B
【原文】W: Look, Mr. Harris. This is the Great Pyramid.
M: Oh, yes...it looks very high!
W: It’s about 137 metres high.
M: How long are the sides
W: They’re 230 metres.
M: It’s unbelievable! How old is it
W: It’s nearly 4,500 years old.
M: Can we go inside
W: I’m sorry, Mr. Harris. It’s under repair these days. You’ll have to wait for another time.
M: What a pity!
听第9段材料，回答第15题至第17题。
15．Why is the man going to Montreal next summer
A．To do some business. B．To attend a wedding. C．To take a course.
16．What do we know about Quebec City
A．It is the biggest city in Quebec Province.
B．It is far from the St. Lawrence River.
C．It is the capital of Quebec Province.
17．What does the woman mention about Quebec City at last
A．The ancient buildings. B．The cold winter. C．The beautiful river.
【答案】15．B 16．C 17．A
【原文】M: Hey Penny, guess what I’m going to visit Quebec next summer. I have to go to a friend’s wedding, but I also plan to stay a while and do some sightseeing.
W: But do you mean the province of Quebec or Quebec City
M: I guess I mean the province. The wedding is in Montreal, so I’m going there first. Montreal is the capital of the province, right
W: People often think it is because it’s the biggest city in the province, but it’s not actually the capital. Quebec City is the capital. The St. Lawrence River runs right through the middle of the city.
It’s beautiful in the winter. A lot of buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th and 18th centuries. You’ll love it.
M: Great! I can’t wait to go!
听第10段材料，回答第18题至第20题。
18．What happened when the man was climbing mountains
A．He got trapped in a cave.
B．He got lost in bad weather.
C．He lost his equipment and food.
19．What caused the loss of the man’s legs
A．Low temperature.
B．A bad fall in the mountain.
C．An unsuccessful operation.
20．What did he decide to do after losing his legs
A．Design new climbing shoes.
B．Set up a club for the disabled.
C．Use technology to fight his disability.
【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C
【原文】W: Hi, Hugh, can you tell me how it happened
M: Sure, I was climbing mountains in New Hampshire in 1982. Suddenly the weather became really bad. There was lots of snow and we couldn’t see anything, we got lost. Well, we spent four days on the mountain. The temperature was 20 degrees below zero. We didn’t have any equipment or food.
W: So what happened I guess someone found you, right
M: Yes, but we were very sick. I couldn’t move my legs because of the cold. I spent two months in hospital. The doctors removed my legs.
W: Right, so you lost your legs, but you want to try your best to stay active.
M: That’s right. In fact, I decided to make some new legs for myself. I realized that no one has to be physically disabled. We can use modern technology to help us.
W: And you built these great new legs. Can you go mountain climbing again
M: Yes, I can. In fact, these are better than climbing shoes. The spring design means that they are much more powerful.
第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下第21题至第25题的关键信息。此段对话你将听两遍。
Background · 21 pollution is caused by industry, but ordinary people can help protect the environment.
At the · Walk & Cycle
individual level They are the best ways to travel locally, but if they are not possible, then taking a bus or a train is preferable to using 22 . ·Eat Less Meat It can help the environment as well as your health, and it is always best to eat food that has been produced close to the place where you live. This reduces the need to transport the food over 23 . · Never Drop Litter Dropping litter can cause serious problems for animals. Many items that we 24 can be repaired or turned into some-thing completely new.
At the community level · Write to our local officials to ensure they know their responsibilities to 25 that protect the environment at the community level.
【答案】21．The majority of 22．a private car 23．long distances 24．throw away 25．make laws
【原文】The majority of pollution is caused by industry, but there are still many things that ordinary people can do to help protect the environment. Walking and cycling are the best ways to travel locally, but if they are not possible, then taking a bus or a train whenever possible is preferable to using a private car. Reducing the amount of meat you eat can help the environment as well as your health, and it is always best to eat food that has been produced as close to the place where you live as possible. This reduces the need to transport the food over long distances. Never drop litter, as it can cause serious problems for animals who might eat the garbage or get caught in it. Many items that we throw away can be repaired or turned into something completely new with a bit of imagination, so be creative! Lastly, we can write to our local officials to ensure they know their responsibilities to make laws that protect the environment at the community level.
二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. When she was just 14, she volunteered at a local 26 to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food. She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables. “I thought it would be great to 27 that,” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 28 homegrown produce.
This 29 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s 30 , Lauren’s mother, Katie, admitted to some 31 , wondering how much work this would mean.
Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some 32 with agriculture, but she had never tried growing 33 at scale (规模). She 34 plants online, checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop. She then secured a 35 from the National FFA Organization, which supports 36 education, to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies.
And importantly, Lauren didn’t 37 from hard work. During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to 38 her crops for around three hour daily. She also 39 cheeked for harmful insects, and bent down to pick her green bean crop, the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.
With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years. She has also won the 40 of her community.
26．A．factory B．school C．shelter D．shop
27．A．examine B．tolerate C．discover D．change
28．A．donate B．promote C．purchase D．process
29．A．honey-mouthedB．kind-hearted C．good-mannered D．open-minded
30．A．reputation B．hobby C．vision D．agenda
31．A．mistakes B．truths C．regrets D．concerns
32．A．familiarity B．difficulty C．doubt D．patience
33．A．fruits B．vegetables C．grains D．trees
34．A．mentioned B．shared C．ranked D．researched
35．A．title B．place C．fund D．plan
36．A．agricultural B．cultural C．environmental D．special
37．A．fall off B．set apart C．shy away D．go back
38．A．gather B．water C．observe D．plant
39．A．frequently B．impatiently C．occasionally D．leisurely
40．A．interest B．admiration C．welfare D．competition
【答案】
C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．B
【解析】
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她14岁的时候，她在当地的一个收容所做志愿者，帮助有需要的人装满罐装和包装食品。A. factory工厂；B. school学校；C. shelter收容所；D. shop商店。根据上文的“she volunteered”以及空后的“help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food.”可推测，Lauren是在当地收容所做志愿者。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lauren在接受《华盛顿邮报》采访时谈到了她种植和捐赠本土农产品的动机，她说：“我认为改变这种状况会很好。”A. examine检查；B. tolerate忍
受；C. discover发现；D. change改变。根据上文“She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables.”可知，Lauren觉得食品中缺少蔬菜。而根据段首句“Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”可知，她想改变这一状况。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lauren在接受《华盛顿邮报》采访时谈到了她种植和捐赠本土农产品的动机，她说：“我认为改变这种状况会很好。”A. donate捐赠；B. promote提升、促进；C. purchase购买；D. process加工、处理。根据最后一段“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”可知，Lauren种植蔬菜的目的是为了捐赠给当地有需要的人家。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个善良的少女告诉她的父母，她想在他们家的农场上开一个菜园。A. honey-mouthed甜言蜜语的；B. kind-hearted热心肠的；C. good-mannered有礼貌的；D. open-minded思想开明的。根据上文“Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”以及“Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and ________ homegrown produce.”可知，Lauren是个热心肠的、善良的女孩。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，虽然Lauren的母亲Katie为女儿的想法感到骄傲，但她承认自己有些担心，不知道这意味着要做多少工作。A. reputation名声；B. hobby爱好；C. vision视觉、想法；D. agenda日程。根据上文“This _______ teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.”可知，Lauren将自己的想法告知了父母，由此可知，她的妈妈是为自己女儿的想法感到骄傲。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，虽然Lauren的母亲Katie为女儿的想法感到骄傲，但她承认自己有些担心，不知道这意味着要做多少工作。A. mistakes错误；B. truths事实；C. regrets遗憾；D. concerns担忧。根据空后的“wondering how much work this would mean.”可知，Katie对女儿的想法也感到担心，因为她不知道这意味着要做多少工作。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lauren来自一个农民家庭，对农业有所了解，但她从未尝试过大规模种植蔬菜。A. familiarity熟悉；B. difficulty困难；C. doubt怀疑；D. patience耐心。根据空前的“Coming from a farming family”可知，Lauren来自农民家庭，由此可知，她对农业还是有点熟悉的。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lauren来自一个农民家庭，对农业有所了解，但她从未尝试过大规模种植蔬菜。A. fruits水果；B. vegetables蔬菜；C. grains谷物；D. trees树木。根据上文可知，Lauren对农业有所了解；而根据下文内容可知，她还得去网上寻求帮助，查看如何照顾农作物，由此可判断，Lauren并未大规模种植过蔬菜。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在网上研究植物，查看如何照顾每种作物的说明。A. mentioned提及；B. shared分享；C. ranked排名；D. researched研究。根据空后的“checking the
instructions on how to take care of each crop”可推测，她是在网上研究如何种植农作物。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随后，她从支持农业教育的全国农艺协会组织(National FFA Organization)获得了一笔资金，用于购买种子和园艺用品。A. title标题；B. place地点；C. fund资金；D. plan计划。根据下文的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可知，她从该组织获得资金，用来购买种子和园艺用品。故选C。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随后，她从支持农业教育的全国农艺协会组织(National FFA Organization)获得了一笔资金，用于购买种子和园艺用品。A. agricultural农业的；B. cultural文化的；C. environmental环境的；D. special特别的。根据上文的“the National FFA Organization”以及空后的“to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies”可判断，该组织支持农业教育。故选A。
37．考查动词短语辨析。句意：更重要的是，Lauren从不回避艰苦的工作。A. fall off下降；B. set apart分开；C. shy away逃避；D. go back返回。根据下文内容“During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to _______ her crops for around three hours daily. She also ________ cheeked for harmful insects, and bent down to pick her green bean crop, the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.”可知，Lauren凡事都亲力亲为，由此可知，她从未回避艰苦的工作。故选C。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在爱荷华州炎热干燥的夏季，她不得不每天给庄稼浇水大约三个小时。A. gather聚集；B. water浇水；C. observe观察；D. plant种植。根据空前的“During Iowa’s hot and dry summers”以及常识可知，在炎热干燥的夏季，她需要给庄稼浇水。故选B。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她还经常检查有害昆虫，弯腰采摘她的绿豆作物，在她看来，这是最具挑战性的蔬菜。A. frequently频繁地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. leisurely悠闲地。根据下文“the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.”可知，这项工作最具有挑战性，由此可知，她需要频繁地检查有害昆虫，采摘绿豆作物。故选A。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也赢得了社区的钦佩。A. interest兴趣；B. admiration钦佩；C. welfare福利；D. competition竞争。根据空前的“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”以及全文内容可知，她的善举应该是赢得了社区人们的钦佩。故选B。
三、阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共16小题;每小题2分，共32分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The books we read when we’re young have a special sort of power, they can inspire us to be
brave and resilient! (Marilda by Roald Dahi), take us on thrilling adventures (Divergent by Veronica Roth) and even introduce us to tragedy (悲剧) (The Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson). They’re as formative as anything else in our young lives, and sometimes they’re the first place we encounter larger-than-life ideas, thinking of the lasting cultural import of To Kill a Mockingbird. In The Magic Words, Cheryl B．Klein, sets out to inform would-be writers on how great novels for young readers work.
The market for YA (young-adult) novels is booming: sales in the children’s and YA sector have been neck and neck with those of adult books in recent years, and adult authors including Meg Wolitzer and Carl Hiaasen are getting in on the phenomenon. The Magic Words aims to be a master class. And in the era of promoted self-help sensations like Marie Kondo and Brenie Brown, The Magic Words is of a piece.
Klein deconstructs the seemingly obvious (clear plot-lines, sympathetic characters) to reveal the technical significance of some beloved classics. L. M. Montgomery surely didn’t regard Anne of Green Gables as a cash-in endeavor. But for those who want to best-seller writers, Anne is instructive: what’s timeless and broadly appealing about Anne—her teenage heart and impulses (冲动) is what to examine. Once you understand that, Klein encourages you to get personal: What makes you ideal to write your story And what does it mean to the reader
On the latter question, The Magic Words is more than a handbook. It is also a timely social commentary on the responsibility YA writers have to young adults. They must start with an awareness of their readers—not only their age but also how they might connect with the issues, like bullies or tolerance that the characters face. The narratives we tell young readers can influence how they understand and value the world around them. The magic isn’t in the words: it’s in how the words come together to reflect and confirm the realities of a diverse young-adult experience.
41．What can be learned about the books introduced
A．Divergent even introduce us to tragedy.
B．Matilda can take us on thrilling adventures.
C．To Kill a Mockingbird has lasting cultural significance.
D．The Bridge to Terabithia can inspire us to be brave and resilient.
42．What is the current situation about YA novels
A．The market or YA novels is shrinking.
B．Anne is a master in the field of YA novels.
C．Adult authors are getting in the field of YA novels.
D．Sales in the YA sector are less than those in the adults’.
43．According to the last paragraph, what should the would-be writers do
A．Fully understand their readers first.
B．Find someone to sponsor their writing.
C．Develop a strategy to meet the market.
D．Copy the works of historical masters.
44．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To promote the sales of YA books.
B．To introduce a book for the future writers.
C．To recommend a new writer.
D．To arouse people’s interest in reading.
【答案】41．C 42．C 43．A 44．B
【解析】
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“They’re as formative as anything else in our young lives, and sometimes they’re the first place we encounter larger-than-life ideas, thinking of the lasting cultural import of To Kill a Mockingbird. (在我们年轻的生活中，它们和其他任何东西一样具有形成性，有时它们是我们第一次遇到具有传奇色彩的想法，想想《杀死一只知更鸟》的持久文化意义。)”可知，《杀死一只知更鸟》具有持久的文化意义。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The market for YA (young-adult) novels is booming: sales in the children’s and YA sector have been neck and neck with those of adult books in recent years, and adult authors including Meg Wolitzer and Carl Hiaasen are getting in on the phenomenon. (青少年小说市场正在蓬勃发展：近年来，儿童和青少年小说领域的销售额与成人书籍并驾齐驱，包括梅格·沃利泽和卡尔·希亚森在内的成人作家也参与了这一现象。)”可知，青少年小说市场蓬勃发展，而且，一些成人作家也进入了青少年小说的领域。故选C项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“They must start with an awareness of their readers—not only their age but also how they might connect with the issues, like bullies or tolerance that the characters face. (他们必须从了解读者开始——不仅要了解他们的年龄，还要了解他们如何与这些问题联系起来，比如角色所面临的欺凌或宽容。)”可知，写青少年小说的人必须先做到从年龄上，从对问题的思考方面全方位地了解青少年。故选A项。
44．推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段末尾句“In The Magic Words, Cheryl B. Klein, sets out to inform would-be writers on how great novels for young readers work. (Cheryl B. Klein在《神奇的文字》一书中，打算告诉未来的作家，适合年轻读者的伟大小说是如何形成的。)”点明了文章的话题，即，文章主要在青少年小说市场蓬勃发展的背景下，推荐了Cheryl B. Klein的《神奇的文字》这本书，希望这本书对青少年小说的未来作家们在写小说时以指导。由此可知，文章的目的是为未来的作家介绍一本书。故选B项。
B
Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic, physical and behavioural differences.
He says what changed his perception (看法) of beauty was a chance encounter with an
albino (患白化病的) girl. “I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don’t see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that was my original intention — that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.”
Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.
One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there’s somebody who, like, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.”
Guidotti is travelling from city to city to promote On Beauty. He says his tour is not about money; it’s about the message. “As I travel from community to community, I’m taking photographs and I’m empowering (给某人……的权力) individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They’re seeing beauty in their reflection but I’m also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change — how you see, how you change.”
45．Why did Guidotti change his career
A．The beauty on covers of magazines is not beautiful.
B．He wanted to create his own company.
C．His comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl.
D．He couldn’t earn enough money from his former career.
46．What can we know about Positive Exposure
A．It welcomes differences in the world. B．It brings a lot of money for Guidotti.
C．It makes photography more popular. D．It makes the public more beautiful.
47．What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in Paragraph 4
A．Jayne’s picture was more beautiful than herself.
B．Jayne was beautiful indeed.
C．Photographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was.
D．It was unfair that nobody discovered Jayne’s beauty.
48．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Communities have a great influence on everyone.
B．We should travel frequently.
C．Your attitude to seeing the world decides your behaviour.
D．We should make contributions to our community.
【答案】45．C 46．A 47．C 48．C
【解析】
45．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic, physical and behavioural differences. (Rick Guidotti放下了时尚摄影师的职业，把镜头转向了那些在基因、身体和行为上存在差异的人。)”以及第二段中的“He says what changed his perception (看法) of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (患白化病的) girl. (他说，改变他对美的看法是与一个白化病女孩的一次偶遇。)”可知，与白化病女孩的偶然相遇改变了他对美的看法，这件事使得他改变了自己的职业。故选C项。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. (Guidotti创建了Positive Exposure，这是一个非营利性组织，通过摄影和视频改变公众的看法，促进一个尊重差异的世界。”可知，Positive Exposure是一个非营利性组织，通过摄影和视频促进一个尊重差异的世界，由此可知，Positive Exposure欢迎世界中的差异。故选A项。
47．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there’s somebody who, like, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition. (我从来不认为自己漂亮，因为没人这么说我，但遇见他是我人生中最深刻的时刻。我记得那一天。他给我拍了照片，我感觉很好，就像有人真的喜欢我，看到了真正的我，看到了比我的身体状况更多的我。)”可知，这张照片让Jayne Waithera看到了真实的自己，由此可知，这使得Jayne Waithera对自己有了正面的认识。故选C项。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“All is based on the philosophy of change—how you see, how you change.(这一切都基于改变的哲学——你怎么看，你就怎么改变。)”可知，你怎么看待改变，你就怎么样改变，由此可知，作者通过这一段告诉读者，你看待世界的态度决定了你的行为。故选C项。
C
Work starts early on White Gate Farm in East Lyme, Connecticut. By 7 a. m., farm manager Dan Wood was at the East Lyme Post Office dropping off a box of fresh produce that later in the day would be delivered by mail to Chelsea Gubbins, who lives across town.
White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post, a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS). Farmers Post takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect Local that allows small businesses to offer same-day and next-day delivery at a fixed low cost.
Food remains in the fields because either market prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too high, or because the size and shape of the produce make it unattractive to stores. Each year, around 10 million tons of crops never get harvested, causing about 16% of total US food loss and waste.
“Food that is wasted has a much larger influence than just the loss of the food itself,” says Julia Kurnik, senior director of Innovation Start-ups at WWF. “Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well—the water, the land, and the energy. And as the food breaks down, it produces greenhouse gases. The bad effects amplify greatly.”
Besides reducing food waste, selling farm products directly to local customers cuts down on the cross-country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere. This reduces the so-called food miles that researchers believe cause about 6% of the world’s greenhouse gases. Fruits and vegetables, which are often transported out of season and require refrigeration, produce lots of greenhouse gases between farms and people’s plates.
Wood understands that Farmers Post can help to end that waste. “Farming is kind of like cooking for a big group.” he says. “This is helping us get right on the money, using almost 100% of what we grow and harvest.”
49．Why was Farmers Post started
A．To provide professional modern farming methods.
B．To create more delivery jobs for local people
C．To pick up and carry customers to different farms.
D．To make the delivery of produce easier and cheaper.
50．What may cause some US crops to remain unharvested according to the text
A．The limited need for farm products. B．The shortage of workers and harvesting tool.
C．Their low value and poor quality. D．Bad weather and road conditions.
51．What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Increase. B．Slow. C．Switch. D．Weaken.
52．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．The Food Safety Movement Has Met Some Challenges
B．A Farm-to-Table Programme Helps Reduce Food Waste
C．Farmers Post Explores Ways to Make High-Quality Products
D．Small Farms Play a Leading Role in Serving Communities
【答案】49．D 50．C 51．A 52．B
【解析】
49．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post, a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS). Farmers
Post takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect Local that allows small businesses to offer same-day and next-day delivery at a fixed low cost.(White Gate农场是农民邮政的成员，农民邮政是一个试点项目，使康涅狄格州东部的小农场能够通过美国邮政服务将新鲜农产品和其他农产品运送到当地家庭。Farmers Post利用了USPS 的一个名为Connect Local 的项目，该项目允许小企业以固定的低成本提供当日和次日送达服务)”可知，该项目使康涅狄格州东部的小农场能够通过美国邮政服务将新鲜农产品和其他农产品运送到当地家庭，允许小企业以固定的低成本提供当日和次日送达服务，由此可知，该项目使农产品的运输更容易，更便宜。故选D项。
50．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Food remains in the fields because either market prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too high, or because the size and shape of the produce make it unattractive to stores.(粮食留在地里，要么是因为市场价格太低，要么是因为劳动力成本太高，要么是因为农产品的大小和形状对商店没有吸引力。)”可知，因为农产品的市场价格低，大小和形状对商店没有吸引力作物被留在地里未能收获；由此可知，是农产品的价格低、质量差导致美国的很多作物依旧没有收获，留在地里。故选C项。
51．词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well-the water, the land, and the energy. And as the food breaks down, it produces greenhouse gases.(种植农产品所需使用的水、土地和能源等全部都白费了，因为随着食物的分解，它们还会产生温室气体。)”可知，浪费食物就意味着种植食物时消耗的水，土地和能源是被浪费的，同时分解食物又产生了温室气体，因此糟糕的影响是在不断增加的，所以画线词与“增加”意义相近。故选A项。
52．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post, a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS).( White Gate农场是农民邮政的成员，农民邮政是一个试点项目，使康涅狄格州东部的小农场能够通过美国邮政服务将新鲜农产品和其他农产品运送到当地家庭。)”以及倒数第二段“Besides reducing food waste, selling farm products directly to local customers cuts down on the cross-country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere.(除了减少食物浪费，直接向当地消费者销售农产品还减少了加州或其他地方种植的食物的跨国运输)”以及通读全文可知，该文章介绍了美国康涅狄格州的一个小型农场White Gate Farm通过农民邮政项目利用邮政局的Connect Local项目将农产品送到当地居民的故事，这个项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品减少了食品浪费，还减少了其他地方运输水果和蔬菜带来的温室气体排放，所以B项“一个从农场到餐桌的项目有助于减少食物浪费”概括了文章内容，符合标题。故选B项。
D
Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels
have previously been found to tune in to cries of alarm from other creatures.
But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble afoot.
Writing in the journal Plos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey squirrels as they pottered about (晃悠) different areas in the residential regions of Oberlin.
After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk, which lasted a couple of seconds — and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder.
The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call the squirrels increased the percentage of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the number of these “lookups” dropped off faster over time.
“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors wrote.
The team suggested that with levels of humanmade noise increasing, squirrels may find it harder to eavesdrop on birds, meaning they may have to spend more time being alert and less time foraging.
Dr. Jakob BroJorgensen, coauthor of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.”
53．What does the new research find about squirrels’ eavesdropping
A．It lacks scientific evidence. B．It is more widespread and broader.
C．It needs to be further investigated. D．It is contradictory to previous findings.
54．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The subject of the experiment. B．The findings of the experiment.
C．The process of the experiment. D．The purpose of the experiment.
55．Why is recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety important for squirrels
A．They can escape from potential risks.
B．It helps them to forage food successfully.
C．It is safe for them to play with their mates.
D．They can adapt to a new environment quickly.
56．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research
A．It’s possible effects. B．Its appeal to the public.
C．Expectations for further study. D．Scientists with new awareness.
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．B 56．A
【解析】
53．推理判断题。根据第一段“Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to tune in to cries of alarm from other creatures. (研究人员发现，松鼠通过窃听鸣禽的叫声来判断捕食者的出现是否会引起警报。包括松鼠在内的动物以前被发现会收听其他生物的警报叫声。)”和第二段“But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble afoot. (但最新的研究表明，动物（此处指松鼠）也可能会留意其他物种之间的日常闲聊，以此来评估是否有麻烦发生。)”可知，新研究发现，松鼠通过窃听鸣禽的叫声来判断捕食者的出现是否会引起警报，松鼠也可能会留意其他物种之间的日常闲聊，以此来评估是否有麻烦发生，可得出松鼠窃听的作用更广泛。故选B项。
54．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a red-tailed hawk, which lasted a couple of seconds — and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder. (在观察一只松鼠30秒后，研究人员给它播放了一段红尾鹰的叫声，这段叫声持续了几秒钟，并在接下来的30秒内监测它们的行为。然后给松鼠播放一段三分钟的录音，录音中有几种不同种类的鸣禽在喂食器上叽叽喳喳地叫。)”可知，本段主要讲的是实验的过程。故选C项。
55．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success. (将鸟的叫声视为安全的标志可能是适应性的，因为松鼠在鸟的叫声出现时可以安全地降低警惕水平，这可能会提高觅食的成功率。)”可知，识别鸟叫声可以帮助松鼠成功地觅食。故选B项。
56．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant. (这项研究引起了人们对动物如何通过使用乍一看似乎无关的线索从环境中收集信息的关注。)” 和“And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of. (这让你想知道，人类活动对自然声景的影响越来越普遍，可能会以我们没有想到的方式减少野生动物的
生存。)”可知，本段主要讲了这项研究对动物生存环境可能带来的影响。故选A项。
第二节(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。
You are watching your favorite TV show when a commercial break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there is one for fast food. Your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack.
If that sounds familiar, you are not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ad. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6000 kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
Food and drink ads are everywhere from TV to the panies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly 1. 8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids according to a report.
The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to cat more often”. Harris says. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most”.
Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.
57．What did researchers from MaMaster University find
58．What conclusion can you draw from the findings of Nielsen Company
59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements.
60．Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life. (In about 40 words)
【答案】57．They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements. 58．It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV. 59．To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements. Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy food, parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them. 60．Thinking twice with a critical mind makes me less affected by advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will know a product well rather than blindly buy it.
【解析】
57．考查细节理解。由第二段中“They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads. (他们发现，孩子们在看到广告后30分钟内就做出了不健康的食物和饮料选择)”可知，麦克马斯特大学的研究人员发现，孩子们在看到广告后30分钟内就做出了不健康的饮食选择。故答案为：They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements.
58．考查细节理解。由第四段“The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks. (尼尔森公司追踪了2015年孩子们看到的食品广告数量。调查发现，孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。这些广告大多不是针对健康食品的。事实上，平均而言。孩子们每周只看一个水果和蔬菜的广告。相反，大多数广告都是针对快餐、糖果和含糖饮料的)”可知，通过尼尔森公司的调查发现孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告，这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品，由此推断，很难避免在电视上看到垃圾食品广告。故答案为：It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV.
59．考查细节理解。题干中“To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements. (为了避免不健康食品广告的负面影响，父母应该让孩子不要看这些广告)”可知，本句表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来的影响，父母应该阻止孩子们看这类广告。由最后一段中“Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them. (哈里斯说，重要的是要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉孩子发生了什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益)”可知，题干中的“keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements (不要让他们的孩子看这种广告)”与原文信息不符，文章表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来负面影响，家长们要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩
子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。故答案为：To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements. Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy food, parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.
60．考查开放答题。根据题干“Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life. (请简要描述你能做些什么来减少广告对你生活的负面影响)”可知，这是一道开放性试题，结合个人实际以及生活实际，言之有理即可。例如：以批判的心态三思而后行使我较少受到广告的影响。当看到广告时，我总是在想我是否真的需要这个产品。在购买东西之前，我会对产品很了解，而不是盲目购买。故答案为：Thinking twice with a critical mind makes me less affected by advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will know a product well rather than blindly buy it.
四、书面表达(共1小题，20分)
假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“What Leads to Success”的英语演讲比赛，请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.描述你所认为的成功的因素；
2.请结合自己的经验说明理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Good afternoon, everyone! I’m Wang Hua. The topic of my speech today is “What Leads to Success”. I would like to share my opinions on the most important factor of success and that is time management.
It’s indispensable in one’s way to achievement. Taking control of time appropriately cultivates a sense of responsibility and self-discipline, holding me accountable for achieving each small goal. It is of great assistance not only in our current learning but also in the future when we approach the workplace.
As in my case, the abilities of time management really benefited me a lot in adapting myself to the new learning model. By prioritizing tasks, every day was in apple-pie order. I arranged for sufficient time for reviewing and previewing, helping boost my study efficiency and consolidate the knowledge. What’s more, with a sensible time schedule, my distraction time also went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found myself free in the afternoon and enjoyed one of my favourite novels leisurely
since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day. Therefore, my studying momentum is ensured.
For reasons above, I am convinced that it’s more preferable to be the master of time rather than a slave. It’s my firm belief that time management is to an individual what wind is to the sailing boat. Therefore, there is no denying that it is wise time management that will lead to success. Thank you!
【解析】
1.词汇积累
观点：opinion→point of view
目标：goal→aim
而且：what’s more→in addition
导致：lead to→contribute to/result in
2.句式拓展
句式转换
原句：It is of great assistance not only in our current learning but also in the future when we approach the workplace.
拓展句：Not only is it of great assistance in our current learning but also in the future when we approach the workplace.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On numerous occasions, I found myself free in the afternoon and enjoyed one of my favourite novels leisurely since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】It’s my firm belief that time management is to an individual what wind is to the sailing boat. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)
【高分句型3】Therefore, there is no denying that it is wise time management that will lead to success.（考查固定句型和强调句型）2024年北京第二次普通高中学业水平合格性考试模拟卷01
考生须知
1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.本试卷共22页，四道大题(共100分)。
3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答;非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡按要求放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
一、听力理解(共25小题;每小题1分，共25分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1分，共20分)
听下面十段对话或独白，从每题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．Why is the woman talking to the man
A．To express her gratitude. B．To ask for help. C．To show her kindness.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．What can we learn about the speakers
A．They don’t like the Easter holiday at all.
B．They’ll be flying somewhere for their vacation.
C．They’ll stay at home during the holiday.
听第3 段材料，回答第3题。
3．What was Becky doing when a car crashed into her house
A．Doing the gardening. B．Eating dinner. C．Doing the cleaning.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．What will the speakers probably do next
A．Turn on a fan. B．Leave the office. C．Set off the alarm.
听第5段材料，回答第5题至第6题。
5．What did the man do
A．He broke Terry’s cup. B．He broke the woman’s cup. C．He lied to Terry.
6．How does Terry probably feel about the man
A．Annoyed. B．Frightened. C．Surprised.
听第6段材料，回答第7题至第8题。
7．Why did the man take all the glass back home
A．There was no space in the bottle bank.
B．The glass was broken.
C．The bottle bank was closed.
8．What does the woman suggest the man do
A．Leave the glass on the ground.
B．Make a complaint to a newspaper.
C．Empty the bottle bank more often.
听第7段材料，回答第9题至第11题。
9．Why does Kevin say life on Frenchboro is different
A．It’s very simple.
B．It’s quite exciting.
C．It’s rather hopeless.
10．What is the school on Frenchboro like
A．It has no teachers.
B．It has small classes.
C．It has fifty students.
11．What will the people on Frenchboro do when they need medical care
A．They go to the mainland.
B．They visit the local hospital.
C．They ask the visitors for help.
听第8段材料，回答第12题至第14题。
12．How high is the Great Pyramid
A．About 130 metres. B．About 135 metres. C．About 137 metres.
13．How old is the Great Pyramid
A．About 500 years. B．About 4,500 years. C．About 5,500 years.
14．What can we know about the Great Pyramid
A．It has been destroyed. B．It is being repaired. C．It is too far away.
听第9段材料，回答第15题至第17题。
15．Why is the man going to Montreal next summer
A．To do some business. B．To attend a wedding. C．To take a course.
16．What do we know about Quebec City
A．It is the biggest city in Quebec Province.
B．It is far from the St. Lawrence River.
C．It is the capital of Quebec Province.
17．What does the woman mention about Quebec City at last
A．The ancient buildings. B．The cold winter. C．The beautiful river.
听第10段材料，回答第18题至第20题。
18．What happened when the man was climbing mountains
A．He got trapped in a cave.
B．He got lost in bad weather.
C．He lost his equipment and food.
19．What caused the loss of the man’s legs
A．Low temperature.
B．A bad fall in the mountain.
C．An unsuccessful operation.
20．What did he decide to do after losing his legs
A．Design new climbing shoes.
B．Set up a club for the disabled.
C．Use technology to fight his disability.
第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下第21题至第25题的关键信息。此段对话你将听两遍。
Background · 21 pollution is caused by industry, but ordinary people can help protect the environment.
At the individual level · Walk & Cycle They are the best ways to travel locally, but if they are not possible, then taking a bus or a train is preferable to using 22 . ·Eat Less Meat It can help the environment as well as your health, and it is always best to eat food that has been produced close to the place where you live. This reduces the need to transport the food over 23 . · Never Drop Litter Dropping litter can cause serious problems for animals. Many items that we 24 can be repaired or turned into some-thing completely new.
At the community level · Write to our local officials to ensure they know their responsibilities to 25 that protect the environment at the community level.
二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Caring 17-year-old, Lauren Schroeder, was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community. When she was just 14, she volunteered at a local 26 to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food. She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables. “I thought it would be great to 27 that,” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 28 homegrown produce.
This 29 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm. Initially, while proud of her daughter’s 30 , Lauren’s mother, Katie, admitted to some 31 , wondering how much work this would mean.
Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some 32 with agriculture, but she had never tried growing 33 at scale (规模). She 34 plants online, checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop. She then secured a 35 from the National FFA Organization, which supports 36 education, to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies.
And importantly, Lauren didn’t 37 from hard work. During Iowa’s hot and dry summers, she had to 38 her crops for around three hour daily. She also 39 cheeked for harmful insects, and bent down to pick her green bean crop, the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.
With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7,000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years. She has also won the 40 of her community.
26．A．factory B．school C．shelter D．shop
27．A．examine B．tolerate C．discover D．change
28．A．donate B．promote C．purchase D．process
29．A．honey-mouthedB．kind-hearted C．good-mannered D．open-minded
30．A．reputation B．hobby C．vision D．agenda
31．A．mistakes B．truths C．regrets D．concerns
32．A．familiarity B．difficulty C．doubt D．patience
33．A．fruits B．vegetables C．grains D．trees
34．A．mentioned B．shared C．ranked D．researched
35．A．title B．place C．fund D．plan
36．A．agricultural B．cultural C．environmental D．special
37．A．fall off B．set apart C．shy away D．go back
38．A．gather B．water C．observe D．plant
39．A．frequently B．impatiently C．occasionally D．leisurely
40．A．interest B．admiration C．welfare D．competition
三、阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共16小题;每小题2分，共32分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The books we read when we’re young have a special sort of power, they can inspire us to be brave and resilient! (Marilda by Roald Dahi), take us on thrilling adventures (Divergent by Veronica Roth) and even introduce us to tragedy (悲剧) (The Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson). They’re as formative as anything else in our young lives, and sometimes they’re the first place we encounter larger-than-life ideas, thinking of the lasting cultural import of To Kill a Mockingbird. In The Magic Words, Cheryl B．Klein, sets out to inform would-be writers on how great novels for young readers work.
The market for YA (young-adult) novels is booming: sales in the children’s and YA sector have been neck and neck with those of adult books in recent years, and adult authors including Meg Wolitzer and Carl Hiaasen are getting in on the phenomenon. The Magic Words aims to be a master class. And in the era of promoted self-help sensations like Marie Kondo and Brenie Brown, The Magic Words is of a piece.
Klein deconstructs the seemingly obvious (clear plot-lines, sympathetic characters) to reveal the technical significance of some beloved classics. L. M. Montgomery surely didn’t regard Anne of Green Gables as a cash-in endeavor. But for those who want to best-seller writers, Anne is instructive: what’s timeless and broadly appealing about Anne—her teenage heart and impulses (冲动) is what to examine. Once you understand that, Klein encourages you to get personal: What makes you ideal to write your story And what does it mean to the reader
On the latter question, The Magic Words is more than a handbook. It is also a timely social commentary on the responsibility YA writers have to young adults. They must start with an awareness of their readers—not only their age but also how they might connect with the issues, like bullies or tolerance that the characters face. The narratives we tell young readers can influence how they understand and value the world around them. The magic isn’t in the words: it’s in how the words come together to reflect and confirm the realities of a diverse young-adult experience.
41．What can be learned about the books introduced
A．Divergent even introduce us to tragedy.
B．Matilda can take us on thrilling adventures.
C．To Kill a Mockingbird has lasting cultural significance.
D．The Bridge to Terabithia can inspire us to be brave and resilient.
42．What is the current situation about YA novels
A．The market or YA novels is shrinking.
B．Anne is a master in the field of YA novels.
C．Adult authors are getting in the field of YA novels.
D．Sales in the YA sector are less than those in the adults’.
43．According to the last paragraph, what should the would-be writers do
A．Fully understand their readers first.
B．Find someone to sponsor their writing.
C．Develop a strategy to meet the market.
D．Copy the works of historical masters.
44．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To promote the sales of YA books.
B．To introduce a book for the future writers.
C．To recommend a new writer.
D．To arouse people’s interest in reading.
B
Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens (镜头) to people living with genetic, physical and behavioural differences.
He says what changed his perception (看法) of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (患白化病的) girl. “I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don’t see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that was my original intention — that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.”
Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.
One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there’s somebody who, like, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.”
Guidotti is travelling from city to city to promote On Beauty. He says his tour is not about money; it’s about the message. “As I travel from community to community, I’m taking
photographs and I’m empowering (给某人……的权力) individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They’re seeing beauty in their reflection but I’m also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change — how you see, how you change.”
45．Why did Guidotti change his career
A．The beauty on covers of magazines is not beautiful.
B．He wanted to create his own company.
C．His comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl.
D．He couldn’t earn enough money from his former career.
46．What can we know about Positive Exposure
A．It welcomes differences in the world. B．It brings a lot of money for Guidotti.
C．It makes photography more popular. D．It makes the public more beautiful.
47．What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in Paragraph 4
A．Jayne’s picture was more beautiful than herself.
B．Jayne was beautiful indeed.
C．Photographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was.
D．It was unfair that nobody discovered Jayne’s beauty.
48．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Communities have a great influence on everyone.
B．We should travel frequently.
C．Your attitude to seeing the world decides your behaviour.
D．We should make contributions to our community.
C
Work starts early on White Gate Farm in East Lyme, Connecticut. By 7 a. m., farm manager Dan Wood was at the East Lyme Post Office dropping off a box of fresh produce that later in the day would be delivered by mail to Chelsea Gubbins, who lives across town.
White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post, a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS). Farmers Post takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect Local that allows small businesses to offer same-day and next-day delivery at a fixed low cost.
Food remains in the fields because either market prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too high, or because the size and shape of the produce make it unattractive to stores. Each year, around 10 million tons of crops never get harvested, causing about 16% of total US food loss and waste.
“Food that is wasted has a much larger influence than just the loss of the food itself,” says
Julia Kurnik, senior director of Innovation Start-ups at WWF. “Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well—the water, the land, and the energy. And as the food breaks down, it produces greenhouse gases. The bad effects amplify greatly.”
Besides reducing food waste, selling farm products directly to local customers cuts down on the cross-country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere. This reduces the so-called food miles that researchers believe cause about 6% of the world’s greenhouse gases. Fruits and vegetables, which are often transported out of season and require refrigeration, produce lots of greenhouse gases between farms and people’s plates.
Wood understands that Farmers Post can help to end that waste. “Farming is kind of like cooking for a big group.” he says. “This is helping us get right on the money, using almost 100% of what we grow and harvest.”
49．Why was Farmers Post started
A．To provide professional modern farming methods.
B．To create more delivery jobs for local people
C．To pick up and carry customers to different farms.
D．To make the delivery of produce easier and cheaper.
50．What may cause some US crops to remain unharvested according to the text
A．The limited need for farm products. B．The shortage of workers and harvesting tool.
C．Their low value and poor quality. D．Bad weather and road conditions.
51．What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Increase. B．Slow. C．Switch. D．Weaken.
52．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．The Food Safety Movement Has Met Some Challenges
B．A Farm-to-Table Programme Helps Reduce Food Waste
C．Farmers Post Explores Ways to Make High-Quality Products
D．Small Farms Play a Leading Role in Serving Communities
D
Squirrels eavesdrop on (窃听) the chatter of songbirds to work out whether the appearance of a predator (食肉动物) is cause for alarm, researchers have found. Animals including squirrels have previously been found to tune in to cries of alarm from other creatures.
But the latest study suggests animals may also keep an ear out for everyday chitchat among other species as a way to assess whether there is trouble afoot.
Writing in the journal Plos One, researchers reported on how they made their discovery by observing 67 grey squirrels as they pottered about (晃悠) different areas in the residential regions of Oberlin.
After 30 seconds of observing a squirrel, researchers played it a recording of the call of a
red-tailed hawk, which lasted a couple of seconds — and their behaviour in the next 30 seconds was monitored. The squirrels were then played a three-minute recording of several different species of songbird chattering on a feeder.
The results revealed that in the 30 seconds after hearing the hawk call the squirrels increased the percentage of their time spent “vigilant” (警惕) compared with before the call, while they also looked up more often to scan the environment. Squirrels that were played bird chatter raised their heads less often during the recording and the number of these “lookups” dropped off faster over time.
“Recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety is likely adaptive, as squirrels that can safely reduce their vigilance level in the presence of bird chatter probably are able to increase foraging (觅食) success,” the authors wrote.
The team suggested that with levels of humanmade noise increasing, squirrels may find it harder to eavesdrop on birds, meaning they may have to spend more time being alert and less time foraging.
Dr. Jakob BroJorgensen, coauthor of the study from Oberlin College, said: “The study calls attention to how animals can gather information from their environment by using cues that may at first glance seem irrelevant,” he said. “And it makes you wonder how the more and more pervasive (无处不在的) impact of human activities on natural soundscapes may reduce survival of wildlife in ways we haven’t thought of.”
53．What does the new research find about squirrels’ eavesdropping
A．It lacks scientific evidence. B．It is more widespread and broader.
C．It needs to be further investigated. D．It is contradictory to previous findings.
54．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The subject of the experiment. B．The findings of the experiment.
C．The process of the experiment. D．The purpose of the experiment.
55．Why is recognition of bird chatter as a sign of safety important for squirrels
A．They can escape from potential risks.
B．It helps them to forage food successfully.
C．It is safe for them to play with their mates.
D．They can adapt to a new environment quickly.
56．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the research
A．It’s possible effects. B．Its appeal to the public.
C．Expectations for further study. D．Scientists with new awareness.
第二节(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题
号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。
You are watching your favorite TV show when a commercial break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there is one for fast food. Your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack.
If that sounds familiar, you are not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ad. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6000 kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
Food and drink ads are everywhere from TV to the panies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly 1. 8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids according to a report.
The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to cat more often”. Harris says. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most”.
Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.
57．What did researchers from MaMaster University find
58．What conclusion can you draw from the findings of Nielsen Company
59．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements.
60．Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life. (In about 40 words)
四、书面表达(共1小题，20分)
假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“What Leads to Success”的英语演讲比赛，请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.描述你所认为的成功的因素；
2.请结合自己的经验说明理由。
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