东莞市2023—2024学年第二学期七校联考试题
高二英语
(本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节 听力理解(两段共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第1段对话，回答第1～2题。
1. What are the speakers going to do tonight
A Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Husband and wife. C. Hostess and guest.
听第2段对话，回答第3～5题。
3. What did Peter learn from his grandfather
A. How to appreciate art works.
B. How to deal with artists.
C. How to run a museum.
4. What did Peter do in Chicago
A. He served in the army.
B. He studied at a college.
C. He worked in a gallery.
5. Whose works did Peter like best
A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’.
第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入答题卡标号为6~10的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。
Information on Time Abroad
Establishment of the Company Founded on 6 7th, 2000, in UK.
Business of the Company Offer overseas volunteer service.
Staff in Service There are 7 full-time workers, who are experienced in fields of community development and education.
Volunteering Opportunities Assist the local teachers with 8 . Volunteer in 9 to promote food sources. Help treat 10 .
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分37.5分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
2022 Tour Details
7-Day Tour from London to Edinburgh
A London Guide will show you the city's famous landmarks like Bucking ham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. Then, in Edinburgh, you'll tour the castle and see Scotland's Crown Jewels. From the historical sights to the beautiful scenery, this guided tour of England and Scotland is a great way to experience everything Britain has to offer.
Starting at: $849
9- Day Tour from Dublin to London
Your guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital city of Dub lin. Enjoy seeing the “ Fair City” including the statue-lined oh O'Connell Street, Trinity College and St. Patrick's Cathedral. Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Bucking ham Palace. This guided tour of Ireland and Britain is a welcome escape with fewer crowds and lower costs than high-season tours.
Starting at: $1,069
7-Day Tour from London to Paris
Your guided vacation in London begins with a welcome dinner and a cruise on the Thames River to admire the Tower Bridge and the Houses of Parliament. You'll spend three nights in London to see the sits of this historic city—from Big Ben to Bucking ham Palace, and also St. Pail's Cathedral. Then you'll enjoy a 3-night stay in Paris. This includes sightseeing at the Arc de Triomphe, Con c or de Square, clamps-Elysees, and a shine cruise. This guided tour of London and Paris is certain to be enjoyable with fewer crowds in the off-season!
Starting at: $1,149
1 How much would the 7-day tour from London to Edinburgh cost a couple at least
A. $849. B. $1,149. C. $1,698. D. $2,138.
2. Which place can you visit if you take the 9-day tour from Dublin to London
A. Trinity College. B. Downing Street. C. The Thames River. D. Con c or de Square.
3. What do the three tours have in common
A. They cover the same number of sights. B. They all begin in the capital city of London.
C. They take people the same amount of time. D. They all include a visit to Bucking ham Palace.
B
Humans are born to compete with one another. People compare how many “likes” they have on social media. Billionaires envy multibillionaires. The legendary NASCAR champion Dale Earnhardt once stated, “Second place is just the first loser.”
Although the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it does not always lead to human prosperity (繁荣，成功). On the contrary, left unmanaged, it can create misery for ourselves and others. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge: Instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.
To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner — at least when it comes to happiness and longevity (长寿). Recent research suggested that the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Regarding the life span of all three medalist categories, it was found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by a solid four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78.
The study had a handy explanation for this distinction: “Dissatisfactory competition outcomes may badly affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they only look up to the top step, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all.
One of the problems with most competitions against others is that it tends to lower one’s inner motivation, and thus enjoyment. Decades ago, researchers showed this by asking people to solve puzzles and then measuring the interest they reported. They found the puzzles less rewarding when competing against others rather than against the clock. Simply having a time limit means competing against themselves—which is often more fun. The principle at work here is that trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.
4 What does the underlined words “dispense with” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stick to. B. Depend on. C. Get rid of. D. Take charge of.
5. In which situation will people be most likely to feel good about themselves
A. Treat competitions as all or nothing.
B. Aim to outperform others in competitions.
C. Check out others’ victories on social media.
D. Compare themselves with those less fortunate.
6. What is the best title for the text
A. Always Going for Gold B. The Victory of Coming in Third
C Finding Satisfaction in Comparison D. Second Place is Just the First Loser
C
A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.
The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.
They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch (小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.
Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common — if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.
7. What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration
A. They can learn skills like animals. B. They can communicate with people.
C. They have the ability to feel pain. D. They respond differently to requests.
8. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain.
B. The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries.
C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system.
D. The value of protecting human workers from injury.
9. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3
A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks.
B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator.
C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain.
D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature.
10. What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study
A Dismissive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Exercise in a New Way
Get healthy with these bite-sized amounts of exercises
What should people do when they can’t find the time or desire to do a long workout ____11____
Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of requiring hours at the gym, this concept instructs you to keep it short. ____12____ Then you can take a break that lasts 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It has been reported that exercise snacks can be as effective as traditional exercise methods.
Of course, the more of these brief exercises you complete in a day, the better. Just three exercise snacks a day that gets your heart pumping can be good for your health. ____13____ Your concentration and creativity improve, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day prevents you from sitting too long — something that’s always positive.
Another great thing about exercise snacks is that there are so many to choose from. The goal is to spend a short time doing something that raises your heart rate. Acceptable activities range from sit ups to jumping rope to running up and down some stairs. ____14____
●Exercises that are strength-based such as lifting weights will fit the bill. Since most people don’t keep weights at their office, lift full water bottles.
●Squats involve moving your hips as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. This exercise helps strengthen your lower body and improve your movement. Five to ten of these should make a good snack.
●For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing; it’ll make for a fun workout.
____15____
A. It doesn’t take up too much your time.
B. They should break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks.”
C. And there are plenty of other benefits beyond improved fitness.
D. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.
E. Consider giving exercise snacks a try, and see if they are to your taste.
F. They should constantly remind themselves of the importance of exercises.
G. But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise options.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分37.5分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a Sunday morning on a subway in New York. People were sitting ____16____, creating a calm, peaceful scene. Then____17____, a man and his children entered the subway car. The children were so ____18____and active that the whole ____19____of the car instantly changed.
The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, obviously ____20____ of the situation. The children were yelling and throwing things, and yet, the man sitting next to me did nothing.
It was difficult not to feel____21____. I couldn’t believe that he was____22____his children to run wild like that, and was taking no ____23____at all. It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt annoyed.
So finally, I turned to him and said, “Sir, your children are really____24____a lot of people. Could you control them a little more ”
The man lifted his gaze (凝视) and said softly, “ Oh, you’re right; I guess I should do something about it. We just came from the hospital where their mother _____25_____about an hour ago. I don’t know what to think, and I guess they don’t know how to_____26_____it either.”
Can you _____27_____what I felt at that moment Suddenly, I saw things differently; my anger was gone. My heart was filled with the man’s_____28_____. Now, instead of frustration(沮丧), feelings of _____29_____filled my heart. “Your wife just died Oh, I’m so sorry. What can I do to help ”
Everything_____30_____in an instant.
16. A. nervously B. quietly C. seriously D. patiently
17. A. suddenly B. finally C. carefully D. immediately
18. A. happy B. cute C. loud D. funny
19. A. mood B. view C. condition D. position
20. A. afraid B. tired C. proud D. unaware
21. A. worried B. discouraged C. annoyed D. ashamed
22. A. expecting B. allowing C. warning D. guiding
23. A. risks B. notes C. effect D. responsibility
24. A. supporting B. embarrassing C. disturbing D. attracting
25. A. returned B. worked C. died D. stayed
26. A. understand B. describe C. deny D. handle
27. A. express B. imagine C. predict D. remember
28. A. pain B. joy C. courage D. faith
29. A. relief B. trust C. freedom D. sympathy
30. A. restored B. changed C. settled D. ended
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置。
31. When a robot’s behavior conflicts ____________ the orders given by human beings, it will pose a threat to human existence. (用适当的词填空)
32. Despite facing those experienced ____________ (opponent), Alex’s passion for the game helped him advance through the ranks. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33. List the pros and cons, __________ you’ll make a better decision. (用适当的词填空)
34. With several ideas ____________ (bounce) around in his mind, he couldn’t wait to share them with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35. To our surprise, ____________ was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city. (用适当的词填空)
36. The population in California ____________ (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37. Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make ____________ quite difficult to deliver food and supplies. (用适当的词填空)
38. A series of hands-on classes are designed for students ____________ (acquire) the necessary life skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39. More data should be analyzed before you can come to ____________ conclusion. (用适当的词填空)
40. In the study, participants will be ____________ (random) assigned to two groups. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第四部分 写作 (共三节，满分55分)
第一节 句子考查(第51-55小题每空0.5分，第56~58小题每题3分，满分15分)
根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。
41. It is a tough job to learn the piano, __________ __________ __________ (更不用说) the daily routine of practice. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
42. George doesn’t appreciate what he has and __________ it __________ __________ (认为理所当然). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
43. The exhibition sponsored by the local government __________ __________ (结果是) to be a great success. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
44. The traffic issue not only affects our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk. (用倒装句改写)
Not only ________ the traffic issue ________ our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk.
45. Dongguan is located in the Pearl River Delta. It covers an area of about 2,465 square kilometers. (用分词合并句子)
___________ in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan __________ an area of about 2,465 square kilometers.
46. We are making great efforts to call on people to make contributions to rural education. (改为被动语态)
47. He made another wonderful discovery. I think this discovery is of great importance to science.
→____________(改写复合句)
48. 令我们自豪的是，中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。(用名词性从句翻译) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
49. 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友William对学校开展的研学旅游活动很感兴趣。他来信希望你能给他推荐一个研学城市。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐研学的城市；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表示祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear William,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第三节 读后续写(满分25分)
50. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“This Radio Two.This is the one o'clock news.A she wolf escaped from the Dorford Zoo this morning and is believed to be still at large in the Dorford area.If hungry the wolf might be dangerous.If anyone sees this animal, please inform the nearest police-station.”
Mrs.Clarke switched the radio off: she wanted to make her middy lunch before her baby woke up.She pushed the pram(婴儿车)into the garden, left it under a tree out of the sun and went into the kitchen.
Then minutes later she came to the back door to see if everything was all right.A big dog was standing by the pram looking at the baby.“That’s the Johnson’s dog.I’ve told them they ought to keep that great animal in their own garden.Those dogs are a bit too much like wolves.”Then Mrs.Clarke went cold.“Wolves.What have I heard about wolves ”She was sure she had heard something about an escaped wolf on the radio.She looked hard at the creature by the pram—and the more she looked the more certain she became.It wasn’t the dog from next door.Like it, but different.It was as big as the dog, but the color was greyer and it looked thinner.
At this moment the creature put its front legs on the side of the pram and looked at the sleeping baby, licking its face.The baby woke up and began to cry quietly.
Mrs.Clarke wanted to scream, but she knew it would be wrong to do that.What should she do “Inform the police,” the radio had said.But that meant leaving the garden and going to the telephone near the front door.She was sure that somehow she must get the wolf away from the prom.The she remembered the piece of meat she had bought.It was on the kitchen table.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Very quietly she slipped into the kitchen and came back with the meat.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Holding the baby to her in the kitchen，she telephoned the police.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1-5 ABABC 6. November/Nov. 7. 153 8. language teaching 9. farming 10. sick animals东莞市2023—2024学年第二学期七校联考试题
高二英语
(本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节 听力理解(两段共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第1段对话，回答第1～2题。
1. What are the speakers going to do tonight
A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Husband and wife. C. Hostess and guest.
听第2段对话，回答第3～5题。
3. What did Peter learn from his grandfather
A. How to appreciate art works.
B. How to deal with artists.
C. How to run a museum.
4. What did Peter do in Chicago
A. He served in the army.
B. He studied at a college.
C. He worked in a gallery.
5. Whose works did Peter like best
A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’.
第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入答题卡标号为6~10的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。
Information on Time Abroad
Establishment of the Company Founded on 6 7th, 2000, in UK.
Business of the Company Offer overseas volunteer service.
Staff in Service There are 7 full-time workers, who are experienced in fields of community development and education.
Volunteering Opportunities Assist the local teachers with 8 . Volunteer in 9 to promote food sources. Help treat 10 .
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分37.5分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
2022 Tour Details
7-Day Tour from London to Edinburgh
A London Guide will show you the city's famous landmarks like Bucking ham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. Then, in Edinburgh, you'll tour the castle and see Scotland's Crown Jewels. From the historical sights to the beautiful scenery, this guided tour of England and Scotland is a great way to experience everything Britain has to offer.
Starting at: $849
9- Day Tour from Dublin to London
Your guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital city of Dub lin. Enjoy seeing the “ Fair City” including the statue-lined oh O'Connell Street, Trinity College and St. Patrick's Cathedral. Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Bucking ham Palace. This guided tour of Ireland and Britain is a welcome escape with fewer crowds and lower costs than high-season tours.
Starting at: $1,069
7-Day Tour from London to Paris
Your guided vacation in London begins with a welcome dinner and a cruise on the Thames River to admire the Tower Bridge and the Houses of Parliament. You'll spend three nights in London to see the sits of this historic city—from Big Ben to Bucking ham Palace, and also St. Pail's Cathedral. Then you'll enjoy a 3-night stay in Paris. This includes sightseeing at the Arc de Triomphe, Con c or de Square, clamps-Elysees, and a shine cruise. This guided tour of London and Paris is certain to be enjoyable with fewer crowds in the off-season!
Starting at: $1,149
1. How much would the 7-day tour from London to Edinburgh cost a couple at least
A. $849. B. $1,149. C. $1,698. D. $2,138.
2. Which place can you visit if you take the 9-day tour from Dublin to London
A. Trinity College. B. Downing Street. C. The Thames River. D. Con c or de Square.
3. What do the three tours have in common
A. They cover the same number of sights. B. They all begin in the capital city of London.
C. They take people the same amount of time. D. They all include a visit to Bucking ham Palace.
【答案】1 C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了旅行社提供的三个旅游设计方案。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第一个小标题的内容“Starting at: $849(起价：849 美元)”可知，一个人849，夫妻两人1698。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由第二个小标题的内容“Your guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital city of Dublin. Enjoy seeing the “ Fair City” including the statue-lined oh O'Connell Street, Trinity College and St. Patrick's Cathedral. (您的爱尔兰和英国导览游从首都都柏林开始。欣赏“美丽的城市”，包括雕像林立的奥康奈尔街、三一学院和圣帕特里克大教堂)”可知，这个旅游路线可以参观Trinity College。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由第一个小标题内容“A London Guide will show you the city's famous landmarks like Bucking ham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. (伦敦指南将向您展示这座城市的著名地标，如白金汉宫、唐宁街和威斯敏斯特教堂)”和第二个小标题的内容“Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Bucking ham Palace. (您当地的导游会带您参观著名的景点，包括国会大厦、大本钟、威斯敏斯特教堂和白金汉宫)”和第三个小标题的内容“You'll spend three nights in London to see the sits of this historic city—from Big Ben to Bucking ham Palace, and also St. Pail's Cathedral. (您将在伦敦度过三个晚上，参观这座历史悠久的城市——从大本钟到白金火腿宫，以及圣帕伊尔大教堂)”可知，这三个旅游规划都能参观Bucking ham Palace。故选D项。
B
Humans are born to compete with one another. People compare how many “likes” they have on social media. Billionaires envy multibillionaires. The legendary NASCAR champion Dale Earnhardt once stated, “Second place is just the first loser.”
Although the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it does not always lead to human prosperity (繁荣，成功). On the contrary, left unmanaged, it can create misery for ourselves and others. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge: Instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.
To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner — at least when it comes to happiness and longevity (长寿). Recent research suggested that the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Regarding the life span of all three medalist categories, it was found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by a solid four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78.
The study had a handy explanation for this distinction: “Dissatisfactory competition outcomes may badly affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they only look up to the top step, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all.
One of the problems with most competitions against others is that it tends to lower one’s inner motivation, and thus enjoyment. Decades ago, researchers showed this by asking people to solve puzzles and then measuring the interest they reported. They found the puzzles less rewarding when competing against others rather than against the clock. Simply having a time limit means competing against themselves—which is often more fun. The principle at work here is that trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.
4. What does the underlined words “dispense with” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stick to. B. Depend on. C. Get rid of. D. Take charge of.
5. In which situation will people be most likely to feel good about themselves
A. Treat competitions as all or nothing.
B. Aim to outperform others in competitions.
C. Check out others’ victories on social media.
D. Compare themselves with those less fortunate.
6. What is the best title for the text
A. Always Going for Gold B. The Victory of Coming in Third
C. Finding Satisfaction in Comparison D. Second Place is Just the First Loser
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。竞争是人类天性，但是过度竞争会带来危害，作者认为人们要有争取铜牌的精神，即不与他人比较，追求与自我竞争，达到个人最佳水平的胜利。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段前两句“Although the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it does not always lead to human prosperity (繁荣，成功). On the contrary, left unmanaged, it can create misery for ourselves and others.(虽然竞争精神可能像呼吸空气一样自然，但它并不总是给人类带来繁荣。相反，如果不加以管理，它会给我们自己和他人带来痛苦。)”和画线短语前面的“there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting(有一个公式可以解决这个问题，而不是不切实际地建议)”可推知，此处是指这种公式不会不切实际地建议我们完全摒弃自己的竞争冲动，dispense with意为“摒弃”，与get rid of意思相近。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Humans are born to compete with one another. People compare how many “likes” they have on social media. Billionaires envy multibillionaires.(人类生来就注定要相互竞争。人们比较自己在社交媒体上有多少个“赞”。亿万富翁羡慕亿万富翁。)”可知，人们喜欢竞争，会把自己和别人进行比较，由此可推测出，把自己和那些不那么幸运的人比较时人们最有可能自我感觉良好。故选D。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段最后一句“Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge: Instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.(幸运的是，有一个公式可以解决这个问题，而不会不切实际地建议我们完全放弃竞争冲动：不要总是追求金牌，而是要争取铜牌。)”可知，文章主要是讲要有争取铜牌的精神，与自己竞争，达到个人最佳水平的胜利。由此可推测出，B项“第三名的胜利”最适合作本文标题。故选B。
C
A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.
The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.
They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch (小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.
Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common — if a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.
7. What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration
A They can learn skills like animals. B. They can communicate with people.
C. They have the ability to feel pain. D. They respond differently to requests.
8. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain.
B. The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries.
C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system.
D. The value of protecting human workers from injury.
9. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3
A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks.
B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator.
C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain.
D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature.
10. What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study
A. Dismissive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic.
【答案】7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.(上周在斯德哥尔摩举行的IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议上，Johannes Kuehn和Sami Haddaddin展示了疼痛如何应用于机器人，通过与Kuka机械臂末端的BioTac指尖传感器进行交互，该传感器已被编程为对不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反应)”可知，演示中的机器人有感觉疼痛的能力。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.(开发人工机器人神经系统的想法似乎与所有人的期望相反，但库恩说，这样做很重要，就像人类感觉疼痛一样。“疼痛是一种保护我们的系统，”库恩说。“当我们避开痛苦的根源时，它就能帮助我们不受伤。”因此，当机器人能够感受到疼痛并做出反应时，它们将变得足够聪明，能够避免疼痛。机器人发现的威胁越危险，它就会越快地撤离并避开危险源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin说，人类和机器人一起工作，尤其是那些在重型机械上工作的机器人，将会受到保护)”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.(例如，如果手臂感到轻微疼痛，它就会慢慢退缩，直到疼痛停止，然后再回到原来的工作中；与此同时，剧烈的疼痛会导致手臂进入一种锁定模式，直到它能得到人类操作员的帮助)”可知，机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. (当然，只有时间才能告诉我们答案，但有一件事是显而易见的，库恩和哈达丁的工作可能会让机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类)”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Exercise in a New Way
Get healthy with these bite-sized amounts of exercises
What should people do when they can’t find the time or desire to do a long workout ____11____
Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of requiring hours at the gym, this concept instructs you to keep it short. ____12____ Then you can take a break that lasts 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It has been reported that exercise snacks can be as effective as traditional exercise methods.
Of course, the more of these brief exercises you complete in a day, the better. Just three exercise snacks a day that gets your heart pumping can be good for your health. ____13____ Your concentration and creativity improve, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day prevents you from sitting too long — something that’s always positive.
Another great thing about exercise snacks is that there are so many to choose from. The goal is to spend a short time doing something that raises your heart rate. Acceptable activities range from sit ups to jumping rope to running up and down some stairs. ____14____
●Exercises that are strength-based such as lifting weights will fit the bill. Since most people don’t keep weights at their office, lift full water bottles.
●Squats involve moving your hips as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. This exercise helps strengthen your lower body and improve your movement. Five to ten of these should make a good snack.
●For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing; it’ll make for a fun workout.
____15____
A. It doesn’t take up too much your time.
B. They should break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks.”
C. And there are plenty of other benefits beyond improved fitness.
D. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.
E. Consider giving exercise snacks a try, and see if they are to your taste.
F. They should constantly remind themselves of the importance of exercises.
G. But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise options.
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C 14. G 15. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“零食式”运动的含义以及好处，同时给人们提供了几个有用的锻炼选择。
【11题详解】
上文“What should people do when they can’t find the time or desire to do a long workout (当人们找不到时间或不想进行长时间锻炼时应该怎么办？)”提出问题——当人们找不到时间或不想进行长时间锻炼时应该怎么办？空处应该对此回答，结合下文“Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. (零食式”运动是人们保持健康的一种流行且富有创意的新方式)”介绍了“零食式”运动可知，空处应与“零食式”运动有关，B项“他们应该把“大餐”分成运动“零食”。”符合语境，故选B。
【12题详解】
上文“Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of requiring hours at the gym, this concept instructs you to keep it short.(“零食式”运动是人们保持健康的一种流行且富有创意的新方式。这个概念指导你保持短时间的锻炼，而不是要求你在健身房待上几个小时)”指出“零食式”运动使你进行短时间锻炼，D项“这些锻炼可以持续20秒到两分钟。”符合语境，承接上文，具体介绍了进行短时间锻炼所持续的时间，故选D。
【13题详解】
上文“ Just three exercise snacks a day that gets your heart pumping can be good for your health.(每天只需三顿运动零食即可让你的心脏跳动，对你的健康有益)”指出每天只需三顿运动零食，对你的健康有益，下文“Your concentration and creativity improve, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day prevents you from sitting too long - something that’s always positive.(你的注意力和创造力都会提高，并且你的工作效率也会提高。此外，全天吃零食可以防止你坐得太久——这总是积极的)”介绍了其他方面的好处，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出除了改善体质之外，还有很多其他好处。C项“除了改善体质之外，还有很多其他好处。”符合语境，承上启下，故选C。
【14题详解】
上文“Acceptable activities range from sit ups to jumping rope to running up and down some stairs.(可接受的活动包括仰卧起坐、跳绳、上下楼梯等)”指出“零食式”运动有很多种形式，下文“Exercises that are strength-based such as lifting weights will fit the bill.(基于力量的锻炼（例如举重）就符合要求)”，“Squats involve moving your hips as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. (深蹲涉及移动臀部，就像坐下一样，同时保持背部挺直)”和“For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music.(对于那些不喜欢传统练习的人，只需打开音乐即可)”就“零食式”运动提供了几个有用的锻炼选择。由此可知，空处引起下文，G项“但对于那些不知道从哪里开始锻炼的人来说，这里有一些有用的锻炼选择。”符合语境，故选G。
【15题详解】
空处位于句尾，应为总结全文的句子，上文介绍了“零食式”运动的含义以及好处，同时给人们提供了几个有用的锻炼选择，此处应该是呼吁人们尝试“零食式”运动，E项“考虑尝试一下“零食式”运动，看看它们是否适合你。”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分37.5分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a Sunday morning on a subway in New York. People were sitting ____16____, creating a calm, peaceful scene. Then____17____, a man and his children entered the subway car. The children were so ____18____and active that the whole ____19____of the car instantly changed.
The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, obviously ____20____ of the situation. The children were yelling and throwing things, and yet, the man sitting next to me did nothing.
It was difficult not to feel____21____. I couldn’t believe that he was____22____his children to run wild like that, and was taking no ____23____at all. It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt annoyed.
So finally, I turned to him and said, “Sir, your children are really____24____a lot of people. Could you control them a little more ”
The man lifted his gaze (凝视) and said softly, “ Oh, you’re right; I guess I should do something about it. We just came from the hospital where their mother _____25_____about an hour ago. I don’t know what to think, and I guess they don’t know how to_____26_____it either.”
Can you _____27_____what I felt at that moment Suddenly, I saw things differently; my anger was gone. My heart was filled with the man’s_____28_____. Now, instead of frustration(沮丧), feelings of _____29_____filled my heart. “Your wife just died Oh, I’m so sorry. What can I do to help ”
Everything_____30_____in an instant.
16. A. nervously B. quietly C. seriously D. patiently
17. A. suddenly B. finally C. carefully D. immediately
18. A. happy B. cute C. loud D. funny
19. A. mood B. view C. condition D. position
20. A. afraid B. tired C. proud D. unaware
21. A. worried B. discouraged C. annoyed D. ashamed
22. A. expecting B. allowing C. warning D. guiding
23. A. risks B. notes C. effect D. responsibility
24. A. supporting B. embarrassing C. disturbing D. attracting
25. A. returned B. worked C. died D. stayed
26. A. understand B. describe C. deny D. handle
27. A. express B. imagine C. predict D. remember
28. A. pain B. joy C. courage D. faith
29. A. relief B. trust C. freedom D. sympathy
30. A. restored B. changed C. settled D. ended
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上遇到一个带着孩子的男子，孩子非常吵闹，作者指责男子不管教自己的孩子，却得知男子的妻子刚刚去世了，于是愤怒消失了，反而对男子充满了同情。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们安静地坐着，创造了一个平静、平和的场景。A. nervously紧张地；B. quietly安静地；C. seriously严肃地；D. patiently耐心地。根据本句“People were sitting ____1____, creating a calm, peaceful scene.”中的“calm(平静的)”、“peaceful(平和的)”可知，人们应该是安静地坐着。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一个男人和他的孩子们进了地铁。A. suddenly突然；B. finally最后；C. carefully仔细地；D. immediately立即。根据后文“a man and his children entered the subway car”指突然一名男子和孩子进了地铁。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们又吵又闹，车子里的气氛一下子就变了。A. happy快乐的；B. cute可爱的；C. loud大声的；D. funny有趣的。根据后文“The children were yelling”可知孩子们很吵闹。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们又吵又闹，车子里的气氛一下子就变了。A. mood气氛；B. view观点；C. condition条件；D. position位置。根据后文“of the car instantly changed”可知孩子们的吵闹改变了地铁里的气氛。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个人坐在我旁边，闭上眼睛，显然没有意识到这种情况。A. afraid害怕的；B. tired疲惫的；C. proud自豪的；D. unaware没意识到的。根据上文“The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, obviously”可知，男子闭着眼坐着，没有意识到这种情况。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很难不感到恼火。A. worried担心的；B. discouraged沮丧的；C. annoyed生气的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据后文“It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt annoyed.(很容易看出，地铁上的其他人都感到很恼火)”可知大家都对孩子们的吵闹感到恼火。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信他会让他的孩子们那样放肆，而且一点责任都没有。A. expecting期待；B. allowing允许；C. warning警告；D. guiding指导。根据后文“his children to run wild like that”指男子允许自己的孩子在地铁里胡闹。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信他会让他的孩子们那样放肆，而且一点责任都没有。A. risks风险；B. notes笔记；C. effect影响；D. responsibility责任。结合上文可知男子对孩子们的做法不管不顾，一点都不负责。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：先生，您的孩子真的打扰了很多人。A. supporting支持；B. embarrassing尴尬；C. disturbing打扰；D. attracting吸引。上文提到孩子们在地铁里打闹，即打扰了很多人。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们刚从医院回来，他们的妈妈一个小时之前去世了。A. returned返回；B. worked工作；C. died死亡；D. stayed停留。呼应后文“Your wife just died ”可知男子的妻子去世了。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道该怎么想，我猜他们也不知道如何应对。A. understand理解；B. describe描述；C. deny否认；D. handle处理，应对。根据上文“I guess they don’t know how to”指不知如何应对母亲去世的事情。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能想象我当时的感受吗？A. express表达；B. imagine想象；C. predict预测；D. remember记得。根据后文“what I felt at that moment ”指想象当时的感受，应用imagine。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的心里充满了那个男人的痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. joy快乐；C. courage勇气；D. faith信念。上文提到男子的妻子刚刚去世了，所以充满了痛苦。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的心里充满了同情，而不是沮丧。A. relief安慰；B. trust信任；C. freedom自由；D. sympathy同情。根据后文“Oh, I’m so sorry. Can you tell me about it What can I do to help ( 哦，我很抱歉。你能给我讲讲吗？我能帮上什么忙？)”指作者心里充满了同情。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都在一瞬间改变了。A. restored修复；B. changed改变；C. settled解决；D. ended结束。根据上文内容可知，作者从一开始对男子纵容孩子的愤怒，到后来充满了同情，一切都在瞬间改变了。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置。
31. When a robot’s behavior conflicts ____________ the orders given by human beings, it will pose a threat to human existence. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：当机器人的行为与人类下达的命令相冲突时，就会对人类的生存构成威胁。conflict with意为“与……冲突”，为固定搭配。故填with。
32. Despite facing those experienced ____________ (opponent), Alex’s passion for the game helped him advance through the ranks. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】opponents
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管面对那些经验丰富的对手，亚历克斯对比赛的热情帮助他在队伍中晋级。根据空前的those以及形容词experienced可知，此处应填名词opponent(对手)的复数形式opponents。故填opponents。
33. List the pros and cons, __________ you’ll make a better decision. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】and
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：列出利弊，你会做出更好的决定。“祈使句+and+一般将来时”为固定句型，and为连词，连接前后两个句子，表示顺承关系。故填and。
34. With several ideas ____________ (bounce) around in his mind, he couldn’t wait to share them with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bouncing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他脑子里有好几个想法在跳动，迫不及待地想和我们分享。这里是“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语several ideas和bounce之间是主谓关系，且这里表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词，作宾补。故填bouncing。
35. To our surprise, ____________ was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令我们惊讶的是，曾经的小渔村已经变成了一座现代化的城市。空处引导的是一个主语从句，且在从句中作主语，根据a small fishing village可知，这里指的是事物，应用what引导，表示“什么”。故填what。
36. The population in California ____________ (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has exploded
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，加利福尼亚州的人口激增，该州面临着巨大的挑战。根据句中的over the past few years可知，谓语动词explode应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，而且还有可能继续下去。主语为population，助动词应用has。故填has exploded。
37. Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make ____________ quite difficult to deliver food and supplies. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送粮食和物资变得相当困难。make it+adj.+to do sth.意为“使做某事……”，it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语。故填it。
38. A series of hands-on classes are designed for students ____________ (acquire) the necessary life skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to acquire
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一系列实践课程旨在让学生掌握必要的生活技能。be designed to do...意为“旨在……”，用不定式形式。故填to acquire。
39. More data should be analyzed before you can come to ____________ conclusion. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：在得出结论之前，应该分析更多的数据。根据空后的名词conclusion可知，此处应填不定冠词，又由句意可知此处表示泛指且conclusion是元音音素开头，故此处应用a。故填a。
40. In the study, participants will be ____________ (random) assigned to two groups. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】randomly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在这项研究中，参与者将被随机分配到两个组。根据空后的动词assigned可知，此处应填副词randomly (随机地)，修饰动词assigned，在句子中作状语。故填randomly。
第四部分 写作 (共三节，满分55分)
第一节 句子考查(第51-55小题每空0.5分，第56~58小题每题3分，满分15分)
根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。
41. It is a tough job to learn the piano, __________ __________ __________ (更不用说) the daily routine of practice. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. not ②. to ③. mention
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：学钢琴是一项艰苦的工作，更不用说日常的练习了。根据汉语提示可知，表示“更不用说”的固定搭配为not to mention。故填not to mention。
42. George doesn’t appreciate what he has and __________ it __________ __________ (认为理所当然). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. takes ②. for ③. granted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：乔治不感激他所拥有的东西，认为这是理所当然的。“认为……理所当然”可用固定短语take...for granted表示。根据前面的doesn’t可知，and前后连接并列的谓语结构，这里应用一般现在时，且谓语用单数形式。故填takes；for；granted。
43. The exhibition sponsored by the local government __________ __________ (结果是) to be a great success. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. turned ②. out
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：由当地政府主办的展览取得了巨大成功。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少该句的谓语。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的一种事实，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。由汉语提示可知，表示“结果是”的动词短语为turned out。故空1填turned，故空2填out。
44. The traffic issue not only affects our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk. (用倒装句改写)
Not only ________ the traffic issue ________ our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk.
【答案】 ①. does ②. affect
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且也使人们的生命处于危险之中。not only…but also...表示“不仅……而且……”，not only位于句首时，前面句子要部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。根据原句中的affects可知，谓语为实义动词，且使用了一般现在时的单数形式，所以这里应将助动词does置于主语the traffic issue之前，实义动词原形affect置于主语之后。故填does；affect。
45. Dongguan is located in the Pearl River Delta. It covers an area of about 2,465 square kilometers. (用分词合并句子)
___________ in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan __________ an area of about 2,465 square kilometers.
【答案】 ①. Located ②. covers
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：东莞位于珠江三角洲，占地面积约2465平方公里。原句中Dongguan和It为同一主语，所以这里可省略前句中的主语和be动词，用located in the Pearl River Delta，过去分词短语作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。主语Dongguan为第三人称单数，谓语应用单数covers。故填Located；covers。
46. We are making great efforts to call on people to make contributions to rural education. (改为被动语态)
【答案】Great efforts are being made to call on people to make contributions to rural education.
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：大力号召人们为农村教育做贡献。此处改为被动语态，应用原句的宾语great efforts作被动句的主语，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用are，故改为Great efforts are being made to call on people to make contributions to rural education.。
47. He made another wonderful discovery. I think this discovery is of great importance to science.
→____________(改写复合句)
【答案】He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他又有了一个惊人的发现。我认为这个发现对科学很重要。分析原句可知，两句中均有discovery，因此该词作为先行词，第一句为主句，第二句为定语从句，this discovery在从句中作主语，所以定语从句应用关系代词which引导，结合句意可知，第二句是对第一句内容的解释说明，所以引导的为非限制性定语从句，I think作为插入语置于关系代词which之后。故改写为He made another wonderful discovery,which I think is of great importance to science.
48. 令我们自豪的是，中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。(用名词性从句翻译) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What makes us proud is that China has made great achievements in space exploration./That China has made great achievements in space exploration makes us proud./ It makes us proud that China has made great achievements in space exploration.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。“令我们自豪的是”可用what引导的主语从句what makes us proud表示，“中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就”作表语，成分和意义完成，可用that引导表语从句，“中国”可翻译为China，“在……方面”可用介词in，“太空探索”可翻译为space exploration，“取得重大成就”可翻译为make great achievements，结合汉语“已经”可知，这里应用现在完成时，所以可翻译为：What makes us proud is that China has made great achievements in space exploration.。这里也可将“中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就”部分作主语，用that引导，可翻译为：That China has made great achievements in space exploration makes us proud.。也可用It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，即：It makes us proud that China has made great achievements in space exploration.。
第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
49. 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友William对学校开展的研学旅游活动很感兴趣。他来信希望你能给他推荐一个研学城市。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐研学的城市；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 表示祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear William,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear William,
Learning that you are interested in the study tour but at a loss about which city to visit, I’d like to recommend Guangzhou to you.
Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong, is a perfect combination of old and new. For one thing, it is an ancient city with rich historical sites, such as Chen Clan Academy, Xiguan and Shameen, where you can immerse yourself in its profound history and splendid Lingnan culture. For another, Guangzhou enjoys a high reputation for modern complexes, among which the iconic Canton Tower is what you can’t miss. Equally impressive is the Cantonese cuisine, which will give you a feast for your appetite.
I’m sure that you will find Guangzhou a worthwhile city to explore. Wish you a meaningful and unforgettable study tour!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。交换生朋友William对学校开展的研学旅游活动很感兴趣，要求考生写信给他推荐一个研学城市。
【详解】1.词汇积累
完美的：perfect → ideal
丰富的：rich → abundant
确信的：sure → certain
难以忘怀的：unforgettable → memorable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong, is a perfect combination of old and new.
拓展句：Guangzhou, which is the capital city of Guangdong, is a perfect combination of old and new.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning that you are interested in the study tour but at a loss about which city to visit, I’d like to recommend Guangzhou to you. (运用了连词that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Equally impressive is the Cantonese cuisine, which will give you a feast for your appetite. (运用了关系代词which引导限制性定语从句)
第三节 读后续写(满分25分)
50. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“This Radio Two.This is the one o'clock news.A she wolf escaped from the Dorford Zoo this morning and is believed to be still at large in the Dorford area.If hungry the wolf might be dangerous.If anyone sees this animal, please inform the nearest police-station.”
Mrs.Clarke switched the radio off: she wanted to make her middy lunch before her baby woke up.She pushed the pram(婴儿车)into the garden, left it under a tree out of the sun and went into the kitchen.
Then minutes later she came to the back door to see if everything was all right.A big dog was standing by the pram looking at the baby.“That’s the Johnson’s dog.I’ve told them they ought to keep that great animal in their own garden.Those dogs are a bit too much like wolves.”Then Mrs.Clarke went cold.“Wolves.What have I heard about wolves ”She was sure she had heard something about an escaped wolf on the radio.She looked hard at the creature by the pram—and the more she looked the more certain she became.It wasn’t the dog from next door.Like it, but different.It was as big as the dog, but the color was greyer and it looked thinner.
At this moment the creature put its front legs on the side of the pram and looked at the sleeping baby, licking its face.The baby woke up and began to cry quietly.
Mrs.Clarke wanted to scream, but she knew it would be wrong to do that.What should she do “Inform the police,” the radio had said.But that meant leaving the garden and going to the telephone near the front door.She was sure that somehow she must get the wolf away from the prom.The she remembered the piece of meat she had bought.It was on the kitchen table.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Very quietly she slipped into the kitchen and came back with the meat.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Holding the baby to her in the kitchen，she telephoned the police.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Very quietly she slipped into the kitchen and came back with the meat.The wolf was still standing over the pram licking the baby’s face.She threw the meat into a corner under a tree well away from the pram.As the meat hit the ground the wolf looked round.It hesitated for a moment, then left for the meat and began to eat it.Mrs.Clarke stole to the pram and immediately picked up the baby and ran into the kitchen as fast as possible.She sank down into a chair, crying with relief.
Holding the baby to her in the kitchen, she telephoned the police.When the police arrived she told them what had happened, and took them to the kitchen window.The wolf was lying on the grass, still eating the meat.The police said they had sent for a man from the zoo and would arrive in a minute.Five minutes later, two men from the Dorford Zoo came with a net and a small cage.Before long the wolf was safely in the cage and taken away, the rest of the meat still in its mouth.
【解析】
【分析】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了克拉克太太听到收音机里说一只母狼从多尔福德动物园逃了出来，把收音机关掉了，她想在孩子醒来之前做午饭。她把婴儿车推到花园里，把它放在一棵树下，避开阳光，然后走进厨房。几分钟后，她来到后门看看是否一切都好。一只大狗站在婴儿车旁看着婴儿。突然，她想到了收音机里的内容，这不是狗，而是一只狼，婴儿醒了，在小声哭泣，克拉克夫人想尖叫，但她知道那样做是不对的。最终她想起了自己买的那块肉。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她悄悄地溜进厨房，拿着肉回来了。”可知，第一段可描写克拉克太太用肉营救婴儿的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“她在厨房里抱着孩子给警察打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写接通电话后，警察找动物园的人把狼接走了。
2.续写线索：狼舔着婴儿的脸——克拉克太太扔肉——克拉克太太抱起婴儿——如释重负哭起来——警察到来——工作人员把狼带走
3.词汇激活：
行为类
舔着：lick/lap
扔：throw/cast
抱起：pick up/scoop up
到来：arrive/get to
带走：take away/carry away
情绪类
哭：cry/burst into tears
如释重负：with relief/feel a sense of relief
【点睛】[高分句型1]
She sank down into a chair, crying with relief.（现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]
When the police arrived she told them what had happened, and took them to the kitchen window.（when引导时间状语从句，what引导宾语从句）
听力答案：1-5 ABABC 6. November/Nov. 7. 153 8. language teaching 9. farming 10. sick animals
