中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第8讲语法二
一、祈使句的用法
含义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，祈使句因对象（主语）是第二人称，所以通常省略主语。祈使句的动词一般为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗手。（命令）
Be quiet,please. 请安静。（请求）
祈使句的形式
肯定祈使句的形式：
Do 型 动词原形+其他成分 Please open the door.
Be型 Be+表语+其他成分 Be a good child.
Let 型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let me help you.
否定祈使句的形式：
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t。
Don’t forget me.
Don’t be late for school.
Let型的否定形式有两种：
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分或者Let+宾语+not +动词原形+其他成分
Don’t let him go.
Let him not go.
有些可用no 开头，用来表示禁止的祈使句。
No smoking !禁止吸烟
No fishing ! 禁止钓鱼
3. 祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。
— Please check your answer！
----Yes， I will.
【对点训练】
根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 不要外出。
________ ________ ________.
2. 安静点! 上课时间到了。
________ ________! It's time for class.
3. 咱们别再说它了。
Let's ________ ________ it again.
4. 禁止游泳!
________ _____________!
5. 不要开会迟到!
________ __________late for the meeting!
答案：
1 Don go out 2 Be quiet 3.not say 4 No swimming 5 Don’t be
二、现在进行时
定义：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语： 常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。
现在分词的构成
动词类别 构成方法 例词
一般动词 在词尾加-ing watch-watching play-playing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去掉字母e,再加动词-ing live-living make-making use-using
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写，再加-ing get-getting shop-shopping swim-swimming run-running sit-sitting
少数以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y,再加-ing lie-lying
现在进行时的基本句型
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+am/is/are +动词-ing+其他.
否定句 主语+am not/isn’t /aren’t +动词-ing+其他.
一般疑问句 Am /Is/ Are +主语+动词-ing+其他？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+am/is/are. 否定回答： No. 主语+am not/isn’t / aren’t .
特殊疑问句 疑问词+am/is/are +主语+动词-ing+其他？
时态判定方法
提示性词语：
（1）、now，right now等.
The children are playing games over there now.
（2）、Look! Listen! Be quiet!
Look! Some boys are swimming in the river.
Listen! Lucy is singing an English song in the classroom.
Be quiet! The boy is sleeping.
（3）、It is +具体的钟点。
It’s 6:30 in the morning. Li Lei is getting up.
It’s twelve o’clock. The students are having lunch at school.
（4）、Where is/are/am+主语？
-- Where is your father
–He is watching TV in the room.
–Where is Tom
–He is doing homework in the classroom.
（5）、上下文提示。
--What are you doing
--I am listening to music.
7.一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:
（1）用法上的区别
一般现在时 用来描述经常发生的动作或
存在的状态 She often goes to work by bike. 她常骑自行车去上班。
现在进行时 用来描述现在或现阶段正在
发生的动作 She is riding her bike now. 她现在正在骑自行车。
（2）结构上的区别
一般现在时 主语+be+表语(+其他). 主语+行为动词(+其他). Mike is at home.迈克在家。 They love pop music.他们喜欢流行音乐。
现在进行时 主语+be+现在分词(+其他). They are doing their homework now.他们现在正在做家庭作业。
（3）标志词上的区别:
一般现在时 every day、on Sundays、on weekends、often、usually、sometimes等 She gets up at seven every day. 她每天七点起床。
现在进行时 now、at the moment以及“Look!”或“Listen!”等 Listen! My mother is singing. 听!我妈妈正在唱歌
【对点训练】
( )1．—Where is Mike
—He’s ______ a pool.
A．swim in B．swimming in C．swiming in D．swimming
( )2．—______ Tom using the computer
—No, he ______.
A．Is; is B．Does; doesn’t C．Is; isn’t D．Is; doesn’t
( )3．Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. My mother and my grandma ___ a big meal for my family now.
A．are making B．be making C．make D．made
( )4．—What are the girls doing
—They ______ volleyball.
A．playing B．be playing C．are playing D．is playing
( )5.—Does your father ______ his computer every day
—Yes, and now he is ______ it.
A．uses; use B．using; uses C．use; using D．use; uses
答案BCACC
一、单选
( )1．Tom usually ______ TV in the evening. He’s ______ TV now.
A．watches; watches B．watching; watching C．watches; watching D．watching; watches
( )2．It’s five o’clock in the afternoon. Peter and Jack ____ basketball.
A．are playing B．is playing C．play D．plays
( )3．My friend is watching TV and her mother ____ clothes.
A．washes B．washing C．is washing D．are washing
( )4．－______ your parents ______ TV now
－Yes. They are in the living room.
A．Did ; watch B．Are; watching C．Is; watch D．Do; watch
( )5．Who _______my parents talking _______
A．are；/ B．is；/ C．are；to D．is；at
答案CACBC
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Listen! Who __________(talk) in the room
2. ________ you ________(do) your homework now
3. Jack is playing football and he ______________ (not run).
4. Please be quiet. The children ____________(sleep).
5. It's twelve o'clock. People ______________(have) lunch.
答案1 is talking 2 Are doing 3 isn’t running 4 are sleeping 5 are having
三、按要求完成句子
1. Tom is playing basketball. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—______Tom __________ basketball
—________, ________ ________.
答案Is; playing ;Yes; he is
2. Grace and Joe are reading in the library. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ Grace and Joe __________ in the library
—________, ________ ________.
答案Are ; reading ; No; they aren’t
3. I am doing my homework. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ ________ my homework.
答案am not doing
4. Linda is playing the violin now. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ Linda________ now
答案What ; is; doing
5. Jane often runs in the morning. (用now改写句子)
Jane ________ ____________ now.
答案is running
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第8讲语法二
一、祈使句的用法
含义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，祈使句因对象（主语）是第二人称，所以通常省略主语。祈使句的动词一般为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗手。（命令）
Be quiet,please. 请安静。（请求）
祈使句的形式
肯定祈使句的形式：
Do 型 动词原形+其他成分 Please open the door.
Be型 Be+表语+其他成分 Be a good child.
Let 型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Let me help you.
否定祈使句的形式：
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t。
Don’t forget me.
Don’t be late for school.
Let型的否定形式有两种：
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分或者Let+宾语+not +动词原形+其他成分
Don’t let him go.
Let him not go.
有些可用no 开头，用来表示禁止的祈使句。
No smoking !禁止吸烟
No fishing ! 禁止钓鱼
3. 祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。
— Please check your answer！
----Yes， I will.
【对点训练】
根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 不要外出。
________ ________ ________.
2. 安静点! 上课时间到了。
________ ________! It's time for class.
3. 咱们别再说它了。
Let's ________ ________ it again.
4. 禁止游泳!
________ _____________!
5. 不要开会迟到!
________ __________late for the meeting!
二、现在进行时
定义：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成：主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语： 常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。
现在分词的构成
动词类别 构成方法 例词
一般动词 在词尾加-ing watch-watching play-playing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去掉字母e,再加动词-ing live-living make-making use-using
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写，再加-ing get-getting shop-shopping swim-swimming run-running sit-sitting
少数以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y,再加-ing lie-lying
现在进行时的基本句型
句式 结构
肯定句 主语+am/is/are +动词-ing+其他.
否定句 主语+am not/isn’t /aren’t +动词-ing+其他.
一般疑问句 Am /Is/ Are +主语+动词-ing+其他？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+am/is/are. 否定回答： No. 主语+am not/isn’t / aren’t .
特殊疑问句 疑问词+am/is/are +主语+动词-ing+其他？
时态判定方法
提示性词语：
（1）、now，right now等.
The children are playing games over there now.
（2）、Look! Listen! Be quiet!
Look! Some boys are swimming in the river.
Listen! Lucy is singing an English song in the classroom.
Be quiet! The boy is sleeping.
（3）、It is +具体的钟点。
It’s 6:30 in the morning. Li Lei is getting up.
It’s twelve o’clock. The students are having lunch at school.
（4）、Where is/are/am+主语？
-- Where is your father
–He is watching TV in the room.
–Where is Tom
–He is doing homework in the classroom.
（5）、上下文提示。
--What are you doing
--I am listening to music.
7.一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:
（1）用法上的区别
一般现在时 用来描述经常发生的动作或
存在的状态 She often goes to work by bike. 她常骑自行车去上班。
现在进行时 用来描述现在或现阶段正在
发生的动作 She is riding her bike now. 她现在正在骑自行车。
（2）结构上的区别
一般现在时 主语+be+表语(+其他). 主语+行为动词(+其他). Mike is at home.迈克在家。 They love pop music.他们喜欢流行音乐。
现在进行时 主语+be+现在分词(+其他). They are doing their homework now.他们现在正在做家庭作业。
（3）标志词上的区别:
一般现在时 every day、on Sundays、on weekends、often、usually、sometimes等 She gets up at seven every day. 她每天七点起床。
现在进行时 now、at the moment以及“Look!”或“Listen!”等 Listen! My mother is singing. 听!我妈妈正在唱歌
【对点训练】
( )1．—Where is Mike
—He’s ______ a pool.
A．swim in B．swimming in C．swiming in D．swimming
( )2．—______ Tom using the computer
—No, he ______.
A．Is; is B．Does; doesn’t C．Is; isn’t D．Is; doesn’t
( )3．Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. My mother and my grandma ___ a big meal for my family now.
A．are making B．be making C．make D．made
( )4．—What are the girls doing
—They ______ volleyball.
A．playing B．be playing C．are playing D．is playing
( )5.—Does your father ______ his computer every day
—Yes, and now he is ______ it.
A．uses; use B．using; uses C．use; using D．use; uses
一、单选
( )1．Tom usually ______ TV in the evening. He’s ______ TV now.
A．watches; watches B．watching; watching C．watches; watching D．watching; watches
( )2．It’s five o’clock in the afternoon. Peter and Jack ____ basketball.
A．are playing B．is playing C．play D．plays
( )3．My friend is watching TV and her mother ____ clothes.
A．washes B．washing C．is washing D．are washing
( )4．－______ your parents ______ TV now
－Yes. They are in the living room.
A．Did ; watch B．Are; watching C．Is; watch D．Do; watch
( )5．Who _______my parents talking _______
A．are；/ B．is；/ C．are；to D．is；at
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Listen! Who __________(talk) in the room
2. ________ you ________(do) your homework now
3. Jack is playing football and he ______________ (not run).
4. Please be quiet. The children ____________(sleep).
5. It's twelve o'clock. People ______________(have) lunch.
三、按要求完成句子
1. Tom is playing basketball. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—______Tom __________ basketball
—________, ________ ________.
2. Grace and Joe are reading in the library. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ Grace and Joe __________ in the library
—________, ________ ________.
3. I am doing my homework. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ ________ my homework.
4. Linda is playing the violin now. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ Linda________ now
5. Jane often runs in the morning. (用now改写句子)
Jane ________ ____________ now.
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