2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习：选择性必修第三册+重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型（译林版2020）
Unit1 Wish You were Here
重点词汇 1．distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的；不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的 2．carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻 3．mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的 4．ancestor n．祖宗，祖先；原种 5．sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n．样本，样品；取样 6．welfare n．幸福，福祉；福利 7．accommodation n．住处 8．sustain vt.使保持，使稳定持续；维持 9．resolution n．决心；决定；决议；解决 10．contrast vi.形成对比 vt.对比；对照 n．差异；差别；对照物 11．ray n．光线，射线 12．barbecue n．烤架；户外烧烤 13．border n．国界，边界 vi.& vt.(与……)接壤 14．brick n．砖块；积木 15．bunch n．串，束；大量 16．fetch vt.(去)拿来，(去)请来 17．hike n．远足，徒步旅行 vi.& vt.去……远足，做徒步旅行 18．awesome adj.令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；很好的 19．liquid adj.液体的，液态的 n．液体 20．polar adj.极地的；完全相反的 21．delicacy n．佳肴；谨慎；敏感 22．lamb n．羊羔肉；羔羊
词汇拓展 1．unfold vt.& vi.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现→fold vt.折叠；对折 2．minority n．少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人→minor adj.较小的；次要的→major adj.主要的 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 3．depth n．最深处；深(度)；深刻；深厚→deep adj.深的；深厚的 4．surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surround v．包围；围绕→surroundings n．环境 5．harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的 6．manner n．方式，方法；举止→manners n．礼貌 7．consumption n．消耗，消耗量；消费→consume v．消耗；消费 8．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿，(使)饿死→starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starving adj.饥饿的；挨饿的 9．departure n．离开，起程→depart v．离开；起程；背离 10．parking n．停车；停车位→park v．停放；把……停在路边 11．possession n．私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有→possess v．具有，拥有 12．intently adv.热切地，专注地→intent adj.热切的，专注的
重点词组 1．除了……外(还)；除了……外(都)，要不是 apart from 2．不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远 off the beaten track 3．不足为奇，毫不奇怪 come as no surprise 4．可归结为，可归纳为 come down to 5．削减，缩减；减少 cut back on 6．make up 组成，构成；化妆；弥补；编造 7．be home to ……的所在地 8．a variety of 各种各样的 9．by means of 通过 10．in turn 依次，轮流；反过来 11．有……人口 have a population of 12．出发；使爆炸；引发 set off 13．与……对比 contrast with 14．强烈照射，曝晒 beat down 15．陷入；困入 be stuck in 16．line up 使站成一队；使排列成一行 17．be made out of 由……制成 18．in the distance 在远方 19．for sure 确定地；无疑地 20．next to 紧靠着
重点句型 1．介词短语放于句首的倒装句 Behind the door lay a large dog. 一只大狗躺在门后面。 2．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 With the final exam approaching，our teacher urged us to study harder. 随着期末考试的临近，老师督促我们更加勤奋学习。 3．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 I found it hard to learn maths well without the teacher’s help. 我发现没有老师的帮助学好数学很难。 4．状语从句的省略 If so，let’s make our efforts to make a difference for our country. 如果这样的话，让我们努力为国家做贡献吧。 5．强调句型 It was in the evening that the house was burned to the ground. 这个房子是在晚上被夷为平地的。
Unit 1 Wish you were here
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.ethnically / eθn kli/ adv. 种族地（2） 2. distinct /d st kt/adj. 截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；明显的；独特的；清楚的（2） 【原句背诵】 It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 【联想拓展】 ethnic adj. 种族的；人种的 n. 少数民族的人 be distinct from和……不同 distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章 distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的；与众不同的 These two countries are different geographically, ethnically and linguistically. 这两个国家在地理上，种族上和语言上都不相同。 Historically, there has been a lot of deep-seated prejudice against ethnically mixed people. 历史上，对种族混杂的人有许多根深蒂固的种族偏见。 Distinct from western paintings, Chinese paintings are more abstract. 与西方画作不同，中国画更加抽象。 Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学是互不相同的学科，也不同于理科。
3.16. minority /ma n r ti/ n. 少数民族，少数群体；少数；少数人（3） 【原句背诵】 The major ethnic groups, for example, include the English, Scottish and French, while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands. 【联想拓展】 the rights of ethnic/racial minorities 少数民族╱族裔的权利 minority languages 少数民族语言 be in a/the minority 占少数 minor adj. 未成年的；次要的；较小的 n. 未成年人；小调；辅修科目 vi. 辅修 【反义词】majority n. 多数；大多数；成年 【经典例句】 Only a tiny minority hold such extreme views. 只有极少数人持这样极端的观点。 Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days. 目前，只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。 Our proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of minority groups. 我们的提案尽量照顾到少数群体的特殊需要。 A minority of officers were prepared to bend the rules. 少数官员准备篡改规则。
4. come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪（3） 【原句背诵】 As you are exposed to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. Given these cultural differences, it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism since 2002. 【经典例句】 These research findings should come as no surprise to therapists, however. 然而，研究发现对治疗学家来说并不奇怪。 It may come as no surprise, but they also stress the importance of eating a healthy breakfast. 也许听起来没什么好惊奇的，但他们也强调吃一顿健康早餐的重要性。
5.depth /depθ/ n. 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚（3） 【原句背诵】 From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers, Canada’s geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. 【联想拓展】 deep adj. 深的，纵深的；有……深的；低沉的；深色的 deeply adv. 非常，极其；深深地 deepen vt. 使加深；使强烈；使低沉; vi. 变深；变低沉 以th结尾的名词：width宽度；广度 length 长度；strength 力气；力量；长处，优势 growth 增长；发展；生长 warmth 温暖，暖和；热情 etc. 【经典例句】 What's the depth of the water here 这儿的水有多深？ Water was found at a depth of 30 metres. 在30米深处找到了水。 The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth . 油井向下延伸了数百英尺。 The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth. 这个较小的湖的深度在5至14英尺之间。 The country's leadership had underestimated the depth of the crisis. 这个国家的领导层低估了这次危机的严重程度。 【误区】注意在句子What is the depth/width/length of… 中，表示“多少”，英语中用what不能用how。
6. botanical adj. 植物学的（5） 【原句背诵】 (2) Apart from enjoying my school life at a local high school, I’ve been shown around the sights of Calgary, such as the Botanical Gardens of Silver Springs. 【拓展】 botany n. 植物学；地区植物总称 botanist n. 植物学家 botanic adj. 植物的；植物学的 【经典例句】 The botanical garden in our city is beautiful with plants from all over the world. 收集了世界各地的植物使市里的植物园非常美丽。
7. accommodation / k m de n/ n. 住处（6） 8. surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（6） 【原句背诵】 The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 【联想拓展】 accommodate vt. 容纳；使适应；供应；调解 vi. 适应；调解 accommodate sb (with sth) 帮忙；给…提供方便 accommodate to sth顺应，适应（新情况） accommodate sth/oneself to sth 顺应，适应（新情况） surround vt. 围绕；包围 【误区】表示“环境；周围的事物”时，要用surroundings。 The buildings have been designed to blend（混合） in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。 【经典例句】 Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday. 你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。 The building plans include much needed new office accommodation. 建筑规划包括紧缺的新办公用房在内。 More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes. 愈来愈多的旅行者在寻找由私人住户提供住宿和早餐的服务。 The village itself is pretty, but the surrounding countryside is rather dull. 村子本身很美，但周围的田野相当单调。 The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。
9.harmony / hɑ m ni/ n. 融洽，和睦；和谐（6） 【原句背诵】 More nature-centered tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 【联想拓展】 in harmony adj. 和谐无间 in harmony with 与…协调；与…一致 live in harmony 和睦相处，和谐共处 perfect harmony 水乳交融；完美无谐波；十分和谐 social harmony 社会和谐 new harmony 新和谐 harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的；和睦的；悦耳的 harmonic adj. 和声的；谐和的；音乐般的; n. [物] 谐波；和声 harmonize vt. 使和谐；使一致；以和声唱; vi. 协调；和谐；以和声唱 【误区】注意名词harmony到形容词harmonious的词形变化！ 【经典例句】 The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。 Some people delight in helping others, which contributes to social harmony. 有些人别人为乐，这有助于社会和谐。 The book contrasts modern civilization with the ideal of the noble savage who lived in harmony with nature. 这本书将现代文明同与自然界和谐相处的高尚野蛮人的理想进行了对比。
10.sustain /s ste n/ vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持（6） 【原句背诵】 As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals. 【联想拓展】 to sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失；受伤；遭到失败 sustainable adj.可持续的；可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的 sustainable development 可持续发展 sustainable tourism 可持续旅游 sustainability n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性 【经典例句】 Which planets can sustain life 哪些行星可以维持生命的存在？ The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison. 家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了狱中的岁月。 She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech. 她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。 The company sustained losses of millions of dollars. 公司遭受了数百万元的巨大损失。 We've talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. 我们最近讨论了可持续能源的重要性。
11.manner / m n (r)/ n. 方式，方法；举止 ；(manners)礼貌 （7） 【原句背诵】 It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. 【联想拓展】 in a manner 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in this manner 以这种方式；如此 in the manner of 以……方式；照……的式样 in the same manner 同样地；以同样的方式 to have an aggressive/a friendly/a relaxed manner 带着一副咄咄逼人的╱友好的╱悠闲的样子 【误区】作“礼貌”讲时，manner需用复数形式。 to have good/bad manners 有╱没有礼貌 It is good/bad manners…. …有礼貌/没有礼貌。 【经典例句】 She answered in a businesslike manner . 她回答时显出一副公事公办的样子。 The manner in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable. 宣布决定的方式非常令人遗憾。 I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner. 我是专业人士，必须以专业方式行事。 He dressed well and had impeccable manners. 他穿着得体，举止无可挑剔。 It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
12.consumption n. 消耗，消耗量；消费（7） 【原句背诵】 When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels washed every day. 【联想拓展】 consume vt. 消耗，消费；使…着迷；挥霍 vi. 耗尽，毁灭；耗尽生命 consumer n. n. 消费者；用户，顾客 【经典例句】 Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather. 燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。 The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the U.S. 这些法律已导致美国燃料消耗的降低。 Consumption rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary societies. 现代社会的主要特征是消费而不是储蓄。
e down to可归结为，可归纳为（7） 【原句背诵】 In summary, being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect—for nature, culture and people. 【经典例句】 The problem comes down to money. 这个问题主要涉及到钱的问题。 This has to do with factors which come down to being simply economic. 归根结底都是与经济方面的因素有关。
14.make one’s way to 去，前往（9） 【原句背诵】 Make your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8-meter-high statue of the Buddha. 【联想拓展】 be on the/one’s way to/towards 去，前往 head/find one’s way to朝…走去 push/elbow/shoulder one’s way to 挤出一条路 by the way 顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句 get into/out of the way of (doing) sth 养成（或丢掉）…的习惯 get in the way of 挡…的路；妨碍 give way (to sb/sth) 屈服；退让；让步 in the/sb's way 妨碍；挡着…的路 under way 已经开始；在进行中 【经典例句】 Will you be able to make your own way to the airport (= get there without help, a ride, etc.) 你能自己去机场吗？ Is this your plan for making your way in the world 这就是你要出人头地的计划吗？
15.resolution / rez lu n/ n. 决心，决定；决议，解决（11） 【原句背诵】 I made a resolution to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here. 【联想拓展】 to pass/adopt/carry a resolution 通过一项决议 a resolution (to do sth) 决心（做某事）；决定（做某事） resolve vt. 决定；溶解；使…分解；决心要做…；vi. 解决；决心；分解 【经典例句】 The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute. 政府正在不断敦促早日解决这起纠纷。 The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution of one man. 这些改革主要归功于一个人的坚定决心。 They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 他们下定决心要减掉圣诞节期间增加的全部体重。 Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧
16.contrast /k n trɑ st/ vi. 形成对比 vt. 对比，对照 / k ntrɑ st/ n. 差异，差别；对照物（11） 【原句背诵】 The colors of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky. 【联想拓展】 in contrast 与此相反；比较起来 by contrast 相比之下；与之相比 contrast with 与…形成对比；和…相对照 in contrast with 与…形成对比；与…相比 sharp contrast 鲜明对比；强对比，强烈对比 striking contrast 显著对比，鲜明的对比 contrast between A and B 对比；对照 contrast to/with sb/sth 明显的差异；对比；对照 【经典例句】 There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier. 这家公司本季度亏损了700万元，与去年同期620万元的赢利形成了对照。 His public statements have always been in marked contrast to those of his son. 他在公共场合的发言总是和他儿子的话截然不同。 When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast . 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。 It is interesting to contrast the British legal system with the American one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 Johnson‘s easy charm contrasted sharply with the prickliness（吹毛求疵）of his boss. 约翰的随和与他老板的挑剔形成了鲜明的对比。
17.73 intently / n tentli/ adv. 热切地，专注地（12） 【原句背诵】 He (a small grey monkey) was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final mouthful. I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You’re welcome,” I replied. 【联想拓展】 intent adj. 专注的，专心致志的；坚决的；急切的 n. 目的，意图；故意 be intent on/upon (doing) sth 决心做…；专心…，专注于… 【经典例句】 They are assured that someone will listen intently to their problems. 他们确信会有人愿意倾听他们的苦衷。 He listened intently, but the stillness was profound and solemn--awful, even, and depressing to the spirits. 他聚精会神地听着，但周围一片寂静，深沉而肃穆——甚至可怕，令人沮丧。 I was so intent on my work that I didn't notice the time. 我专心工作，以致忘了时间。
随堂练习
一.单句语法填空
1．The world will never starve want of wonders，but only want of wonder.
2．He spotted her (steam) down the corridor towards him.
【答案】1.for 2.steaming
二.完成句子
1．She to learn French.
她每周留出5个小时的时间来学法语。
2. ，a camel was walking slowly toward the border.
在远处，一只骆驼正在慢悠悠地走向边界线。
【答案】1.sets aside five hours a week2.In the distance
三.单句语法填空
1．As is unfolded，boys are very much in the (minor) at the dance class.
2．She found it difficult (settle) and calm down in the deep valley，because she was concerned about whether she would be discovered.
3．Apart the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
4．In this way I can make new moves using my “artificial intelligence”．
5．WeChat is like a public network，with people (share) information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
【答案】1.minority 2.to settle3.from 4.up 5.sharing
四.完成句子
1．On a hill in front of them .
在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。
2．John received an invitation to dinner，and ，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到了参加晚宴的邀请，由于完成了工作，他高兴地接受了。
3．After working here and there for several years，my niece wants to a permanent job.
到处工作了几年之后，我侄女想安下心来找份固定工作。
【答案】1.stood a great castle2.with his work finished3.settle down to
五．用适当的关系词填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，as do many businessmen live in downtown Tianjin.
2．Whenever I met her， was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
3．My niece is absent again， is expected.
4．The famous hockey player，in honour a party will be held，is to arrive this afternoon.
5． is reported in the newspaper，a serious accident has happened recently in the suburb.
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building，most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month.
7．I shall never forget those years I lived in the valley with the farmers， has a great effect on my life.
8．Her father works in a factory， he makes cars.
9．The old lady has two daughters，one of is working abroad.
10．This is one of the reasons you have to give it up.
【答案】1.who 2.as 3.as 4.whose 5.As 6.which 7.when ，which 8.where 9.whom 10.why
六.句型转换
1．He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.
→He visited the Great Wall again， he went two years ago.
2．He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.
→He failed in the examination， made him a bit discouraged.
3．He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.
→He must be from Africa， can be seen from his skin.
4．He has organized a team of workers.All of them are hard-working.
→He has organized a team of workers， are hard-working.
5．He is a man of great experience.Much can be learned from him.
→He is a man of great experience， much can be learned.
【答案】1.where 2.which 3.which/as4.all of whom5.from whom
Unit2 Out of This World
重点词汇 1．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 2．gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 3．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 4．microscope n．显微镜 5．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 6．radiation n．辐射，放射线 7．furthermore adv.此外，再者 8．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 9．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 10．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的 11．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 12．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 13．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 14．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 15．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车) 16．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 17．rocket n．火箭，火箭武器 18．motive n．原因，动机，目的 19．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测 20．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 21．shelter n．居所，住处，庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 22．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
词汇拓展 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→occupation n．工作；职业；占领；居住；使用 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；估价 4．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光 5．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的 6．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的 7．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；原作 8．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地 9．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入 10．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括 11．assistant n．助理，售货员，助教 adj.助理的，副的→assist v．帮助；援助 12．dust n．沙土，尘土，灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.脏的 13．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.固定地，不变地；连续不断地，重复地
重点词组 1．使进一步了解…… cast new light on 2．在这种情况下；既然如此in the circumstances 3．鉴于，考虑到in view of 4．显而易见的 plain to see 5．为……打下基础 lay the foundation for 6．make achievements取得成就 7．come to an end结束 8．at a time每次 9．in the right direction朝着正确的方向 10．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于 11．在……的帮助下with the help of 12．看起来像look like 13．为了in order to 14．由……组成be made up of 15．陷入；困入be caught in 16．as well也 17．protect...from/against...保护……免遭…… 18．take advantage of利用 19．all over the world全世界 20．be bathed in沐浴在；笼罩在
重点句型 1．there is no such...(as...) There is no such parking lot in the neighbourhood as you described. 邻近地区没有像你描述的这样的停车场。 2．it 作形式主语 It’s a pity that he should be absent from the ceremony. 真遗憾，他竟然缺席了这次典礼。 3．That/This/It is why...那/这就是为什么…… That is why he is always bothering to carve ice in the valley. 那就是他不辞劳苦地在山谷中雕刻冰的原因。 4．while引导让步状语从句 While a minority of students were against it，we held the sports meeting on schedule. 虽然少数学生反对，但我们还是如期举办了运动会。 5．It is likely that...……是可能的 It is likely that he will go to church on Sunday.
Unit2 Out of this world
Word lists Supportive sentences
1. gravity / ɡr v ti/ n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃（16） 【原句背诵】 I bet you would love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! 【联想拓展】 Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律 the law of gravity [物]万有引力定律 absolute gravity 绝对重力；绝对比重 zero gravity 失重；无重力，零重力 【经典例句】 Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity, which brings them down to earth. 要不是重力使箭掉落地上，它将会一直沿直线向前飞行。 I don't think you realise the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。 Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence. 处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。 They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law. 他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有的严肃态度。 【误区】多关注gravity作为“严重性；严肃”意义时的用法。
2.absence / bs ns/ n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席（16） 3. *float /fl t/ vi. 飘动，漂流；浮 vt. 使浮动，使漂流（16） 【原句背诵】 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 【联想拓展】 absence of 缺乏 in the absence of 缺乏，不存在；无…时，缺少…时 in absence of 缺乏… absence of mind 心不在焉 in absence 当…不在的时候；缺席 absence from 缺席；不在 absent / bs nt/ adj.缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的 be absent from 缺勤；缺席 【反义词】absence的反义词是presence（出席，在场；存在）。 The presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on temperature. 云的有无对气温会产生重要影响。 【经典例句】 The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there) . 这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。 We did not receive any news during his long absence. 我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。 The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. 此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。 In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures. 在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。 They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills floating in the water. 他们注意到水中漂浮着一些50和20美元的纸币。 It's below freezing and small icebergs are floating by. 气温在冰点以下，一座座小冰山正漂过。 There wasn't enough water to float the ship. 水不够深，船浮动不起来。
4.bother/ b (r)/ vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n. 麻烦，困难（16） 【原句背诵】 It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more. 【联想拓展】 don't bother 不用麻烦了；不打扰了 bother about 烦恼 bother with 为…而费心，为…操心；用…打扰 can't be bothered 不想出力，不愿找麻烦 bother to do sth 费心去做某事 【经典例句】 He failed his exams and didn't bother about the resits. 他考试没有通过，却没有为补考而感到烦恼。 He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming. 他甚至都没通知我他要来。 I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心
5.occupy/ kjupa / vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于（16） 【原句背诵】 The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 【联想拓展】 occupy in 从事 occupy sb/sth/oneself (in doing sth/with sb/sth) 使忙于（做某事）；忙着（做某事） be occupied in doing sth/with sth/sb 忙于做某事 occupation n. 工作，职业；消遣，业余活动；（尤指军队的）占领，控制；（房屋等地方的）居住，使用 【经典例句】 How much memory does the program occupy 这个程序占用多少内存？ The capital has been occupied by the rebel army. 叛军已占领了首都。 Many men still occupy more positions of power than women. 许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。 She occupied herself with routine office tasks. 她忙于办公室的日常工作。 I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure. 我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业。
6.cast new light on 使进一步了解…（16） 【原句背诵】 Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. 【联想拓展】 bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发 cast/shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露 bring … to light 揭露；发现；公开 in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于 【经典例句】 A new approach offers an answer, and may cast/shed light on an even bigger question. 一种新方法提供一个答案，而且可能阐明更大的问题。 Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease. 最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。 New evidence has recently come to light. 新的证据最近已披露出来。
7.exposure / k sp (r)/ n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道（17） 8. radiation / re di e n/ n. 辐射，放射线（17） 【原句背诵】 First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. 【联想拓展】 prolonged exposure to harmful radiation 长时间接触有害辐射 the exposure of illegal currency deals 对非法交易货币的揭露 expose vt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示 expose sb/sth/oneself (to sth) 使面临，使遭受（危险或不快） expose sb to sth 使接触；使体验 be exposed to接触，体验 【误区】在expose sb to sth和be exposed to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 【经典例句】 Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children. 已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。 Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. 人们一直认为，接触大自然对儿童的大脑发育是必要的。 精选例句Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process. 暴露在日光下会加快老化过程。 My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为记者的职责就是展示事实。 He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. 他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。 Do not expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。 We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 They suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation. 他们受健康问题的困扰，还担心遭受辐射造成的长期影响。
9.in view of 鉴于，考虑到（17） 【原句背诵】 In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 【联想拓展】 to have different/conflicting/opposing views 有不同的╱矛盾的╱相反的观点 in view 在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标 point of view 观点；见地；立场 in the view of 按照…的观点 in my view 在我看来；我认为 come into view 看得见，进入视野 view as 认为…是…；把…看作… in light of 根据；鉴于；从…观点 considering that 鉴于，考虑到…；就…而论 given that 考虑到；假定 【经典例句】 In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。 In view of the fact that Hobson was not a trained economist his achievements were remarkable. 鉴于霍布森非科班出身的经济学家这一事实，他的成就是很了不起的。 The debate here will be limited in two main respects in view of the time available. 鉴于时间有限，这场辩论将被限制在两个主要方面上。 In view of the present situation, we'll have to revise our original plan. 基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。
10.vital / va tl/ adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的；维持生命所必需的 【原句背诵】 Spending more tome in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. 【联想拓展】 be vital (for/to sth) 必不可少的；对…极重要的 vitality n. 活力，生气；生命力，生动性 vitally adv. 极其；紧要地；生死攸关地 vitalize vt. 赋予…生命；激发；使有生气 【经典例句】 Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 The police play a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 Good financial accounts are vital to the success of any enterprise. 妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。
11.discipline / d s pl n/ vt. 严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力（17） 【原句背诵】 Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. 【联想拓展】 discipline sb (for sth) 惩罚；处罚 discipline oneself to do sth自我控制；严格要求（自己） a disciplined approach to work 严格的工作态度 a disciplined army/team 纪律严明的军队╱团队 【经典例句】 The officers were disciplined for using racist language. 这些军官因使用种族歧视性语言而受到惩罚。 He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week. 他规定自己每周至少锻炼三次。 Discipline yourself to check your messages once a day or every couple of days. 训练自己每天或每两天查看一次你的留言。 The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. 这所学校因纪律严格而名闻遐迩。 The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem. 学习音乐的规范训练能帮助孩子们养成良好的做事习惯和增强自尊心。 Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. 瑜伽是一种学习放松的有效方法。
12.plain to see 显而易见的（21） 13. foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 lay the foundation for为…打下基础 【原句背诵】 The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and (3) how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see. 【联想拓展】 theoretical foundation 理论基础 solid foundation 基础雄厚；实体基础 economic foundation 经济基础 foundational adj. 基础的；基本的 foundationalism n. 基础主义 【经典例句】 The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community. 这个问题严重影响到我们社会的基础。 Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage. 尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。 The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school. 建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。 These stories have no foundation (= are not based on any facts) . 这些故事纯属虚构。 The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955. 该组织自1955年创建以来已有重大的发展。
14. investment / n vestm nt/ n. 投资；投入（26） 【原句背诵】 Although space exploration demands huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great economic value. 【联想拓展】 to encourage foreign investment 鼓励外国投资 investment income 投资收益 a high return on my investments 我的投资的高收益 invest vt. 投资；覆盖；耗费 vi. 投资，入股；花钱买 【经典例句】 This country needs investment in education. 这个国家需要对教育进行投资。 He said the government must introduce tax incentives（税收优惠） to encourage investment. 他说，政府必须通过给予税收优惠来鼓励投资。 We bought the house as an investment (= to make money) . 我们买这所房子作为投资。 The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort. 该项目已让我们投入了相当多的时间和精力。
15.calculate / k lkjule t/ vt. 计算，核算；预测（26） 【原句背诵】 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 【联想拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【经典例句】 Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container. 用公式计算容器的容积。 You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。 It has been calculated that at least 50 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少50000人次失去了工作。 Conservationists calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. 自然资源保护主义者预测，数以百计的物种可能会从这个地区消失。
16.calculate / k lkjule t/ vt. 计算，核算；预测（26） 【原句背诵】 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 【联想拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【经典例句】 Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container. 用公式计算容器的容积。 You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。 It has been calculated that at least 50 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少50000人次失去了工作。 Conservationists calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. 自然资源保护主义者预测，数以百计的物种可能会从这个地区消失。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．However，it is likely Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
2．A large amount of dust on the ceiling (damage) the whole attraction of the building up to now.
3．Some people pay a constant visit to the shelter for the homeless others seldom go there.
【答案】1.that 2.has damaged3.while
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I’m afraid it’ll .
我恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。
2．We the earthquake fund last year.
去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。
3．Do you think it is possible for a robot
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？
4． ，I do not have enough time.
尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。
【答案】1.cost a large amount of money2.contributed a lot of money to3. to have its own needs and desires4.While I am willing to help you
二
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a skilled worker，he (occupy) with the maintenance of the cars every day.
2．It comes as no surprise that racism is wholly unacceptable under any (circumstance)
3．The case was dismissed in the (absent) of any definite proof.
【答案】1.is occupied2.circumstances 3.absence
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． the importance of protecting themselves from radiation.
让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。
2． as you have described in our class.
我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。
3．Almost everyone at all ages can enjoy music. music is so popular.
几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。
【答案】1.It is vital to make children realize 2.There is no such/not such a student3.This is why
三
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
Everyone knew 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2. she came from and 3. she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4. they did know was
5. she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6. was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7. they were so narrow minded，but it didn’t matter 8. others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9. she thought was right.I think that is 10. the meaning of life lies.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． that the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
2． your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。
3． that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。
4． has excited every one of us.
这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。
5． doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
【答案】1.It is obvious2.What impressed us most was3.What surprises us most is4.That the film star will come to our city5.Whether she is coming or not
Unit3 Back to the Past
重点词汇 1．load vt.& vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量 2．log n．航海日志，正式记录；原木vi.& vt.伐木 3．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 4．insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 5．route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 6．leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露n.漏洞 7．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，惊慌失措 8．royal adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 9．facilitate vt.使便利，促进 10．available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 11．shelf n．(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子，搁板 12．pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包，包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 13．aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 14．uniform n．制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 15．dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 16．thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，雷声 17．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 18．hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出 19．plot n．阴谋；故事情节vi.& vt.密谋 20．sink vi.& vt.(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 21．pray vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 22．episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 23．reform vt.改进，改良，改革 n．改革，改良 24．shift n．改变，转移；轮班 vt.& vi.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变
词汇拓展 1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的→convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的 2．strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力气；力量；强项 3．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmoniously adv.协调地，和谐地→harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐 4．proof n．证据，证明→prove vt.证明；检验；显示vi.证明是 5．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢 6．influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n．影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt.影响 7．financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n．金融；财经 8．depart vi.& vt.离开，起程→departure n．离开，起程 9．shortage n．不足，短缺→short adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的→shorten vt.缩短；减少；变短 vi.缩短；变短 10．subsequent adj.随后的，后来的→subsequently adv.随后，其后；后来 11．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊→astonished adj.惊诧的 12．literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n．文学；文献；文艺；著作 13．extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地→extensive adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的→extension n．拓展；延伸 14．exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n．例外；异议 15．adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用 16．comparison n．比较；对比→compare v．比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作 17．violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 18．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的；(雾、雨)冻的n.冰点→frozen adj.冻结的；冷酷的 19．bleed vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血→blood n．血，血液；血统→bleeding n．出血；渗色 20．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorize vt.记住，背熟；记忆→memory n．记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆
重点词组 1．代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了on behalf of 2．不管，不顾 regardless of 3．使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内allow for 4．理顺，整理；把……安排好 sort out 5．pay a visit to 参观 6．search for 寻找；搜索 7．have an impact on 对……有影响 8．pass on 传递；传下去 9．in panic 惊慌地 10．carry on with 继续 11．与……相反 contrary to 12．同时 in the meanwhile 13．家庭手工业 cottage industry 14．祈祷，祈求 pray for 15．逼真的 true to life 16．open up 敞开心扉 17．make one’s bed 整理床铺 18．get in touch with 和……取得联系 19．declare war on/against 对……宣战，向……宣战 20．deliver a speech 发表演讲
重点句型 1．before引导的时间状语从句 To decide wisely which college to attend，you are advised to pay a visit to colleges before you apply. 为了明智地决定上哪所大学，我们建议你在申请之前参观一下学校。 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句 We can hold a competition concerning ocean protection，which can help students learn more about measures to protect the ocean. 我们可以举办一场关于海洋保护的比赛，这可以帮助学生更多地了解保护海洋的措施。 3．过去分词短语作定语 I’ve learned with delight that you have won the second prize in the Chinese Calligraphy Competition held for foreigners in our city.得知你在我市为外国人举办的中国书法比赛中获得二等奖，我很高兴。 4．现在分词短语作结果状语 There is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.到处都是泥浆和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅行很困难。 5．with的复合结构 With our school’s annual Sports Day approaching，I can’t help thinking of my sports experience. 随着我们学校一年一度的运动会的临近，我不禁想起了我的运动经历。
Unit3 Back to the past
Word lists Supportive sentences
1. breadth /bredθ/ n. 宽度；广泛（29） 【原句背诵】 The Time Traveller was explaining something to us. “People believe there are three dimensions of Space—Length, Breadth and Thickness; however, there is a fourth dimension—Time.” 【联想拓展】 breadth of mind 心胸 breadth of view 见识的广阔，眼光的远大 a new political leader with a breadth of vision有远见卓识的政治领袖 【经典例句】 She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。 Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience. 年长的人们有极其广泛的经验。 He was surprised at her breadth of reading. 他对于她的博览群书感到惊讶。 The curriculum needs breadth and balance. 课程设置应该内容广泛而且均衡。 【同义词】width n. 宽度；广度
2.convince /k n v ns/ vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说（29） 【原句背诵】 The Time Traveller smiled, “It is clear,” he said, “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” Then he carried a model of the Time Machine. 【联想拓展】 convince sb/oneself (of sth) 使确信；使相信；使信服 convince sb. to do sth 说服某人做某事 convinced adj. 确信的；深信的; v. 使确信（convince的过去分词）；说服 convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的; v. 使相信；使明白（convince的现在分词） convincingly adv. 令人信服地；有说服力地 convincible adj. 可使信服的；可说服的 【经典例句】 You can't convince others if you yourself aren't convinced. 如果你没有使你自己信服你就不能使别人信服。 Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits. 他们的目标是说服立法者扩大失业救济。 I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me. 我不相信你说的话，但如果你能证明你的观点，你也许能说服我。 Leaders don't force other people but convince them to go along with them. 领导者不会强迫其他人赞同自己，但能说服别人。 Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity（明智；精神健全）. 尽管我很快就让他相信我是清白的，但是他还是非常怀疑我精神是否正常。
3.on behalf /b hɑ f/ of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了（30） 【原句背诵】 Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 【经典例句】 I'd like to represent a problem to the school on behalf of the student union. 我想代表学生会向学校提出一个问题。 On behalf of the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. 我代表学生会写信邀请您给我们做一个关于中国历史的演讲。 On behalf of my crew, I'd like to welcome you aboard British Airways flight 602 from New York to London. 我谨代表全体工作人员，欢迎你们乘坐英国航空公司从纽约飞往伦敦的602号航班。
4.strengthen / stre θn/ vt. & vi. 加强，增强（30） harmonious /hɑ m ni s/ adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的（30） 【原句背诵】 Zheng He’s efforts help develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 【联想拓展】 strengthen environmental protection 加强环境保护 strengthen the awareness of 提高意识；强化意识 strengthen unity 加强团结 strengthen discipline 加强纪律 strength n. 体力，力量；实力；长处，优势 harmonious socialist society 社会主义和谐社会 harmonious world 和谐世界 harmoniously adv. 和谐地；协调地 harmony n. 和谐，和睦；融洽；协调 【经典例句】 Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks. 最近几个星期以来，她在党内的地位有所增强。 Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge. 这座桥需要加固。 The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles. 这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。 Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones. 任何经历都可以让你学到东西，使你变得坚定，那些更困难的经历尤其如此。 Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals. 他们融洽的关系部分来自于他们相似的目标。 n short, a good and harmonious environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthy. 总之，良好和谐的家庭环境对孩子的健康成长至关重要。
5.insist / n s st/ vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说（31） 6. route /ru t/ n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道（31） 【原句背诵】 Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 【联想拓展】 insist on/upon (sth/doing sth) 坚持，坚决要求；督促，强调 insist that…坚决要求；坚持说 But if you insist 如果你坚持话 insistence n. 坚持，强调；坚决主张 insistent adj. 坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的；紧急的 a coastal route 沿海的路线 an escape route 逃脱的路径 the route to success 成功之路 wireless routers 无线路由器 【经典例句】 "It's not that difficult," she insists. “事情并没有像想的那么难，”她坚持说。 Jessica insisted on being present at all the interviews. 杰西卡坚决要求出席所有的采访。 She insisted on his/him wearing a suit for the conference. 她坚持要他穿西装出席会议。 Motorists are advised to find an alternative route. 建议驾驶者换一条路线。 Researchers are trying to get at the same information through an indirect route. 研究者们正试图通过一条间接途径获取同样的信息。
7.financial /fa n n l/ adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的（31） 【原句背诵】 After continuous attempts, he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain. 【联想拓展】 financial services 金融服务 to give financial advice 提供财务咨询 to be in financial difficulties 处于财务困难之中 financial crisis 金融危机；财政危机 financial management 财务管理；金融管理 financial system 金融体系；财务系统 financial market 金融市场 financially adv. 财政上；金融上 finance n. 财政，财政学；金融; vt. 负担经费，供给…经费; vi. 筹措资金 【经典例句】 Tokyo and New York are major financial centres . 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。 The company is in financial difficulties. 这个公司处于财务困难之中。 The CEO has named a new chief financial officer (CFO). 执行总裁已经提名了一位新的财务总监。 Local businesses have provided financial support. 当地企业提供了财政资助。
8.regardless /r ɡɑ dl s/ adv. 不顾，不加理会（31） regardless of不管，不顾（31） 【原句背诵】 Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. 【联想拓展】 stand together regardless of situation 风雨同舟；休戚与共 regardless of whether 不管，不顾天气 regardless of the consequences 不顾后果；不计后果 【经典例句】 The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless . 天气非常恶劣，但我们并不理会，照常进行。 Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless. 尽管她最近动了手术，她却一直在不顾一切地继续工作。 The organization takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed（信条；信仰）. 这 个组织接纳任何人，不管其宗教、肤色或信仰。 The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not. 不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。
9. subsequent / s bs kw nt/ adj. 随后的，后来的（31） 【原句背诵】 Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages. 【联想拓展】 subsequent generations 后代 the increase of population in subsequent years 随后几年中的人口增长 subsequently adv. 随后，其后；后来 subsequence n. 随后；接着（尤指结果、效果） 【经典例句】 Subsequent events confirmed our doubts. 后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。 Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report. 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
10.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊（33） 【原句背诵】 The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. 【联想拓展】 astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 吃惊的 astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 astonishingly adv. 令人惊讶地 【误区】astonishing表示“主动”意义，astonished表示“被动”意义。 【经典例句】 The ending of the novel will astonish you. 小说的结局会让你大吃一惊。 The scenic spots astonish with the variety of colors, shapes, and behaviors. 旅游景点色彩之丰富、形状之多变和习性之多样，足以让人叹为观止。 It was astonishing that she should accept such a challenging job. 令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么具有挑战性的工作。 Much to my astonishment, she still remembered my name! 使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！
11. facilitate /f s l te t/ vt. 使便利，促进（34） 【原句背诵】 After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to official books and files. 【联想拓展】 facilitation n. 简易化；[生理] 助长；容易 facilitative adj. 使便利的 【经典例句】 The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 新机场将促进旅游业的发展。 The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth. 新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。 We should learn to grasp communication skills for they can facilitate mutual understanding. 我们应该学习掌握沟通技巧，因为这可以促进相互理解。 【同义词】promote vt. 促进，促销；提升，晋升 boost vt. 使增长，推动；促进
12. sort out 理顺，整理；把…安排好（34） 13. available / ve l bl/ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的（34） 【原句背诵】 However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 【联想拓展】 sort sth (into sth) 整理；把…分类 sort sth out (from sth)（从…中）区分出来，辨别出来 sort sth/sb/oneself out 妥善处理某人（或自己）的问题 sort sb out 整治，惩罚，收拾（某人） sort through sth (for sth) 翻查；归整 available resources/facilities 可利用的资源╱设备 readily/freely/publicly/generally available 可以容易╱免费╱让公众╱普遍得到的 available for 可用于…的；对…有效的；能参加…的 available to adj. 可以用来，现有的；对…有效 availably adv. 有效用地；可获得地 availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 【经典例句】 The cupboards need sorting out. 柜橱该整理一下了。 Could you sort out the toys that can be thrown away 你把可以扔掉的玩具挑出来，好吗？ Leaving children to sort out their own problems can sometimes be good to their development. 让孩子解决自己的问题有时有助于他们的发展。 If you're going to the bus station, can you sort out the tickets for tomorrow 你 要去汽车站的话，能不能把明天的车票买好？ All our products are available by mail order. 我们的商品都可以邮购。 Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%. 自1978年以来，可供买书的钱已减少了17%。 The shop has about 500 autographed（签字；签名）copies of the book available for purchase. 这家书店有大约500本该书的签名版本可供购买。 Will the manager be available this afternoon 今天下午经理有空吗？ Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. 利奇先生在休假，没空 作评论。
14.adopt / d pt/ vt. 采取，采用；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养（37） 【原句背诵】 So how do popular history books achieve this The authors adopt a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. 【联想拓展】 adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法 adopt various methods 采取不同办法 to adopt a child 领养孩子 adopted adj. 收养的，领养的 v. 收养；采用，采纳 adoption n. 采用；收养；接受 adoptive adj. 采用的；有收养关系的 【经典例句】 The gap between the rich and the poor makes it essential that the government adopt a dynamic solution to the problem. 贫富差距使得政府必须采用动态的方案来解决这个问题。 The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新政策。 The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling on all parties in the conflict to seek a political settlement. 联合国大会已采纳了一项呼吁所有冲突各方寻求政治解决的决议。 Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. 例如，大约30年前，白人家庭被鼓励收养黑人儿童。
parison /k m p r sn/ n. 对比；比较（37） 【原句背诵】 Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader’s interest. 【联想拓展】 comparison with 与…相比 in comparison adj. 相比之下；与……比较 in comparison with 与…比较，同…比较起来 by comparison 相比之下，比较起来 comparison method 比较法 make a comparison 进行比较 comparison of A and/to/with B/ between A and B 对比；相比 compare vt. 比较，对比；把…比作；（与…）相比 comparative adj. 比较的，相比的 【经典例句】 The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice. 这一对比表明理论和实践之间有相当大的出入。 The telecom industry in Australia is very small in comparison with the rest of the world. 澳大利亚电信业与世界其他地区电信业相比规模很小。 It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different. 这很难与她以前的书相比——两者是截然不同的。 In comparison with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects. 与之前的研究相比，这个新的研究拓宽了研究主题。
16.contrary / k ntr ri/ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 contrary to与…相反（37） 【原句背诵】 Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history. 【联想拓展】 contrary advice/opinions/arguments 完全相反的建议╱观点╱论点 on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反 quite the contrary 恰恰相反；正相反 to the contrary (showing or proving the opposite) 相反的；相反地 【经典例句】 The contrary view is that prison provides an excellent education—in crime. 截然不同的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面提供极好的教育。 It's no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 这根本不麻烦。相反，我很乐意帮助你。 The government has decided that the publication of the report would be 'contrary to the public interest'. 政府认为发表这份报告将会“违背公众的利益”。 Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. 与大众看法相反，老年人通常不愿与他们的孩子住在一起。 On the contrary, I like solving difficult problems because I always take them as exciting challenges. 相反，我喜欢解决难题，因为我通常会把这些难题看作令人激动的挑战。
17.dive /da v/ vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水（39） 【原句背诵】 Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. 【联想拓展】 dive into v. 投入；把手伸入；钻研 dive in 开始大吃；头朝下跳入水中 dive for 扑向；潜水寻找… dive off 从…跳水 take a dive 突然下降，急剧下降 make a dive (for sth) 迅速移动；猛然一跳；扑跃 diver n. 潜水者；跳水的选手；潜鸟 【经典例句】 He tried to escape by diving into a river. 他企图跳入河中逃走。 We dived into the river to cool off. 我们一头跳进河里，凉快一下。 The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving. 他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
18.sink /s k/ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低（40） 【原句背诵】 Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 【联想拓展】 sink in/sink into sth (1) 被完全理解；被充分意识到 (2) 渗透；渗入 sink into sth 渐渐进入（消极、不快等的）状态 be sunk in sth 陷入不快（或沉思）中 sink or swim 不自救，必沉沦；自己努力，以求生存 sunken adj. 沉没的；凹陷的；比周围低的 【经典例句】 The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. 船沉入海底。 The foundations of the building are starting to sink. 楼房的地基开始下陷。 Far off to the west the sun was sinking. 远远的，太阳在西边落下。 Pay increases have sunk to around seven percent. 工资增长已下降到7％左右。 【误区】sink作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时要小心！ 【熟词生义】sink作名词时，意思是“（厨房里的）洗涤池，洗碗槽”。 Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink! 别把脏盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了！
19.reform /r f m/ vt. 改进，改革，改良 n. 改革，改良（41） 20. output / a tp t/ n. 产量，输出量（41） 【原句背诵】 Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased considerably. 【联想拓展】 reformation n. 革新；改善 reformer n. 改革家；改革运动者；改良者 reform and opening-up 改革开放 economic reform 经济改革 deepen the reform 深化改革 reform measures 改革措施 technical reform 技术改造 data output 数据输出 an output device 输出装置 【反义词】output的反义词是input。 【经典例句】 The law needs to be reformed. 法律需要进行改革。 The party embarked on a programme of economic reform. 这个政党开始了一个经济改革的计划。 The government intends to push ahead with its reform programme. 该政府打算推进其改革计划。 Manufacturing output has increased by 8%. 工业产量增长了8%。 Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years. 政府的统计数字显示出10年来工业产量最大幅度的下降。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised， (加强) Dickens’ permanent status as a leading novelist.
2．Generally speaking， (和谐的) family relationship plays an important part in one’s growth.
3．Having secured sufficient of her guilt，the police formally arrested her.
4．To our confusion，we don’t know how the information on the antique was (泄露)．
5．What is known to us is that the astronomer is an figure in the field of astronomy.
6．According to his observation，the captain estimated the of the lake to be 500 metres.
7．It is well known that global water is becoming incredibly severe mainly due to global warming.
8．I set the on the ground and shaved off the bark.
【答案】1.strengthened2.harmonious3.proof 4.leaked5.influential 6.breadth 7.shortage 8.log
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1． (subsequent)，the glaciers began to melt，and many polar creatures starved to death.
2．It is necessary for us to allow his inexperience when assigning the task to him.
3．The captain tried to stay calm，thinking that if he (panic)，so would the crew.
4．Many people are doing voluntary work，calling for public (finance) donations for the stricken area in support of its healing and recovery.
5．My husband and I insisted that our children (be) old enough to discipline themselves.
6．The audience was extremely (astonish) at the awesome performance.
【答案】1.Subsequently2.for 3.panicked4.financial5.were6.astonished
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我相信它不会辜负你的期望。(convince)
.
2．他坚信，只要他坚持不懈地努力，他就能实现成为天文学家的目标。(insist)
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3．人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识，拓宽我们的视野。(acknowledge)
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4．上个星期天，不管天气炎热，我们班参观了我们市的历史博物馆。(regardless of)
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5．你可以在出发前上网查询更多关于目的地的信息。(before)
.
【答案】1.I’m convinced that it will live up to your expectations2.He holds the firm belief that only if he insists on working hard can he obtain his goal of becoming an astronomer3.It is universally acknowledged that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons4.Last Sunday，our class visited the history museum in our city regardless of the hot weather5.You can find out more about your destination by surfing the Internet before you set out
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The bear tore at a neighboring tent and (拉) something into the darkness.
2．In most cases，you just need to wrap a clean cloth tightly around the cut if it is .
3．Hearing the astonishing news，my niece into a chair，burying her face in her hands.
4．When the earthquake happened，the mechanic was browsing the (书架) for something interesting to read.
5．We should learn to grasp communication skills，for they can (促进) mutual understanding.
6．My favorite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable by with summer.
7．It’s reported that apart from the flight crew，the plane crash killed all 157 passengers (在飞机上)．
8．On hearing the coverage，Jenny (呆住)there，a thrilled expression twisting her face.
【答案】1.dragged 2.bleeding3.sank 4.shelves5.parison 7.aboard8.froze
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It was exciting that my favorite astronomer would come to at the invitation of the principal.
2．If you apply for accommodation，you can the school by telephone or by email.
3． these gradual climatic changes，some creatures have shifted their ranges hundreds of kilometers.
4．You can discover that the discipline provides an opportunity to or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it.
5．It is widely acknowledged that high social status does not necessarily happiness.
6．As is known to us all，theory is based on practice and serves practice.
【答案】1.deliver a speech2.get in touch with3.In response to4.sort out5.bring about6. in turn
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我们学校组织的这次活动不仅让我们得到了放松，而且让我们更接近了大自然。(过去分词短语作定语)
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2．学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。 (adopt)
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3．他住在一个宁静的小区里，在那儿他可以不受打扰。(where引导非限制性定语从句)
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4．同时，英语角开阔了我的视野，提高了我对英语的兴趣。(in the meanwhile)
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5．昨天，我代表学校宣布了我们学校足球队赢得比赛的消息。(that引导的同位语从句)
.
【答案】1.The activity organized by our school not only gave us relaxation，but also got us closer to nature2.The school has decided to adopt a different approach to the problem of discipline3.He lives in a peaceful community，where he can be left alone4.In the meanwhile，the English corner broadens my horizons and improves my interest in English5.Yesterday，on behalf of my school，I announced the news that our school football team won the game
三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
On behalf of his captain，Peter gave a report on their voyage last Friday.
1． (strength) the crew’s cooperation and harmonious relationships，the captain adopted Peter’s advice to make a voyage across the gulf last month.Before departing from the shore，they packed up and loaded the ship with the compass and the log.2. (subsequent)，they began to navigate along the predetermined route.One night，they were navigating on the sea 3. a violent hurricane hit them.In an instant，all the crew aboard got into a panic,4. (freeze) on the deck and not knowing what to do.Meanwhile，the ship began to leak as if it would sink at once.Some of the crew even intended to dive into the sea.Contrary 5. the panicked crew，the captain remained calm in the chaos.He convinced the crew to keep calm despite facing the fact that he was bleeding heavily.Regardless of his own 6. (safe)，he risked his life to find out the leaking pipe and cut it off，which greatly astonished all the 7. (sailor)．It was at the moment when they were praying for safety 8. the violent hurricane was over.
This was 9. unforgettable episode in their life.The captain 10. (acknowledge) as the most exceptional captain by the crew.
【答案】1.To strengthen 2.Subsequently 3.when 4.freezing 5.to 6.safety 7.s2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习：选择性必修第三册+重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型（译林版2020）
Unit1 Wish You were Here
重点词汇 1．distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的；不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的 2．carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻 3．mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的 4．ancestor n．祖宗，祖先；原种 5．sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n．样本，样品；取样 6．welfare n．幸福，福祉；福利 7．accommodation n．住处 8．sustain vt.使保持，使稳定持续；维持 9．resolution n．决心；决定；决议；解决 10．contrast vi.形成对比 vt.对比；对照 n．差异；差别；对照物 11．ray n．光线，射线 12．barbecue n．烤架；户外烧烤 13．border n．国界，边界 vi.& vt.(与……)接壤 14．brick n．砖块；积木 15．bunch n．串，束；大量 16．fetch vt.(去)拿来，(去)请来 17．hike n．远足，徒步旅行 vi.& vt.去……远足，做徒步旅行 18．awesome adj.令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；很好的 19．liquid adj.液体的，液态的 n．液体 20．polar adj.极地的；完全相反的 21．delicacy n．佳肴；谨慎；敏感 22．lamb n．羊羔肉；羔羊
词汇拓展 1．unfold vt.& vi.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现→fold vt.折叠；对折 2．minority n．少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人→minor adj.较小的；次要的→major adj.主要的 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 3．depth n．最深处；深(度)；深刻；深厚→deep adj.深的；深厚的 4．surrounding adj.周围的，附近的→surround v．包围；围绕→surroundings n．环境 5．harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的 6．manner n．方式，方法；举止→manners n．礼貌 7．consumption n．消耗，消耗量；消费→consume v．消耗；消费 8．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿，(使)饿死→starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starving adj.饥饿的；挨饿的 9．departure n．离开，起程→depart v．离开；起程；背离 10．parking n．停车；停车位→park v．停放；把……停在路边 11．possession n．私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有→possess v．具有，拥有 12．intently adv.热切地，专注地→intent adj.热切的，专注的
重点词组 1．除了……外(还)；除了……外(都)，要不是 apart from 2．不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远 off the beaten track 3．不足为奇，毫不奇怪 come as no surprise 4．可归结为，可归纳为 come down to 5．削减，缩减；减少 cut back on 6．make up 组成，构成；化妆；弥补；编造 7．be home to ……的所在地 8．a variety of 各种各样的 9．by means of 通过 10．in turn 依次，轮流；反过来 11．有……人口 have a population of 12．出发；使爆炸；引发 set off 13．与……对比 contrast with 14．强烈照射，曝晒 beat down 15．陷入；困入 be stuck in 16．line up 使站成一队；使排列成一行 17．be made out of 由……制成 18．in the distance 在远方 19．for sure 确定地；无疑地 20．next to 紧靠着
重点句型 1．介词短语放于句首的倒装句 Behind the door lay a large dog. 一只大狗躺在门后面。 2．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 With the final exam approaching，our teacher urged us to study harder. 随着期末考试的临近，老师督促我们更加勤奋学习。 3．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 I found it hard to learn maths well without the teacher’s help. 我发现没有老师的帮助学好数学很难。 4．状语从句的省略 If so，let’s make our efforts to make a difference for our country. 如果这样的话，让我们努力为国家做贡献吧。 5．强调句型 It was in the evening that the house was burned to the ground. 这个房子是在晚上被夷为平地的。
Unit 1 Wish you were here
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.ethnically / eθn kli/ adv. 种族地（2） 2. distinct /d st kt/adj. 截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；明显的；独特的；清楚的（2） 【原句背诵】 It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 【联想拓展】 ethnic adj. 种族的；人种的 n. 少数民族的人 be distinct from和……不同 distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章 distinctive adj. 独特的，有特色的；与众不同的 These two countries are different geographically, ethnically and linguistically. 这两个国家在地理上，种族上和语言上都不相同。 Historically, there has been a lot of deep-seated prejudice against ethnically mixed people. 历史上，对种族混杂的人有许多根深蒂固的种族偏见。 Distinct from western paintings, Chinese paintings are more abstract. 与西方画作不同，中国画更加抽象。 Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science. 工程学和工艺学是互不相同的学科，也不同于理科。
3.16. minority /ma n r ti/ n. 少数民族，少数群体；少数；少数人（3） 【原句背诵】 The major ethnic groups, for example, include the English, Scottish and French, while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands. 【联想拓展】 the rights of ethnic/racial minorities 少数民族╱族裔的权利 minority languages 少数民族语言 be in a/the minority 占少数 minor adj. 未成年的；次要的；较小的 n. 未成年人；小调；辅修科目 vi. 辅修 【反义词】majority n. 多数；大多数；成年 【经典例句】 Only a tiny minority hold such extreme views. 只有极少数人持这样极端的观点。 Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days. 目前，只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。 Our proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of minority groups. 我们的提案尽量照顾到少数群体的特殊需要。 A minority of officers were prepared to bend the rules. 少数官员准备篡改规则。
4. come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪（3） 【原句背诵】 As you are exposed to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. Given these cultural differences, it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism since 2002. 【经典例句】 These research findings should come as no surprise to therapists, however. 然而，研究发现对治疗学家来说并不奇怪。 It may come as no surprise, but they also stress the importance of eating a healthy breakfast. 也许听起来没什么好惊奇的，但他们也强调吃一顿健康早餐的重要性。
5.depth /depθ/ n. 最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚（3） 【原句背诵】 From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers, Canada’s geographical wonders, ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit. 【联想拓展】 deep adj. 深的，纵深的；有……深的；低沉的；深色的 deeply adv. 非常，极其；深深地 deepen vt. 使加深；使强烈；使低沉; vi. 变深；变低沉 以th结尾的名词：width宽度；广度 length 长度；strength 力气；力量；长处，优势 growth 增长；发展；生长 warmth 温暖，暖和；热情 etc. 【经典例句】 What's the depth of the water here 这儿的水有多深？ Water was found at a depth of 30 metres. 在30米深处找到了水。 The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth . 油井向下延伸了数百英尺。 The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth. 这个较小的湖的深度在5至14英尺之间。 The country's leadership had underestimated the depth of the crisis. 这个国家的领导层低估了这次危机的严重程度。 【误区】注意在句子What is the depth/width/length of… 中，表示“多少”，英语中用what不能用how。
6. botanical adj. 植物学的（5） 【原句背诵】 (2) Apart from enjoying my school life at a local high school, I’ve been shown around the sights of Calgary, such as the Botanical Gardens of Silver Springs. 【拓展】 botany n. 植物学；地区植物总称 botanist n. 植物学家 botanic adj. 植物的；植物学的 【经典例句】 The botanical garden in our city is beautiful with plants from all over the world. 收集了世界各地的植物使市里的植物园非常美丽。
7. accommodation / k m de n/ n. 住处（6） 8. surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（6） 【原句背诵】 The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 【联想拓展】 accommodate vt. 容纳；使适应；供应；调解 vi. 适应；调解 accommodate sb (with sth) 帮忙；给…提供方便 accommodate to sth顺应，适应（新情况） accommodate sth/oneself to sth 顺应，适应（新情况） surround vt. 围绕；包围 【误区】表示“环境；周围的事物”时，要用surroundings。 The buildings have been designed to blend（混合） in with their surroundings. 这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。 【经典例句】 Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday. 你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。 The building plans include much needed new office accommodation. 建筑规划包括紧缺的新办公用房在内。 More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes. 愈来愈多的旅行者在寻找由私人住户提供住宿和早餐的服务。 The village itself is pretty, but the surrounding countryside is rather dull. 村子本身很美，但周围的田野相当单调。 The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。
9.harmony / hɑ m ni/ n. 融洽，和睦；和谐（6） 【原句背诵】 More nature-centered tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists. 【联想拓展】 in harmony adj. 和谐无间 in harmony with 与…协调；与…一致 live in harmony 和睦相处，和谐共处 perfect harmony 水乳交融；完美无谐波；十分和谐 social harmony 社会和谐 new harmony 新和谐 harmonious adj. 和谐的，融洽的；和睦的；悦耳的 harmonic adj. 和声的；谐和的；音乐般的; n. [物] 谐波；和声 harmonize vt. 使和谐；使一致；以和声唱; vi. 协调；和谐；以和声唱 【误区】注意名词harmony到形容词harmonious的词形变化！ 【经典例句】 The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。 Some people delight in helping others, which contributes to social harmony. 有些人别人为乐，这有助于社会和谐。 The book contrasts modern civilization with the ideal of the noble savage who lived in harmony with nature. 这本书将现代文明同与自然界和谐相处的高尚野蛮人的理想进行了对比。
10.sustain /s ste n/ vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持（6） 【原句背诵】 As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals. 【联想拓展】 to sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失；受伤；遭到失败 sustainable adj.可持续的；可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的 sustainable development 可持续发展 sustainable tourism 可持续旅游 sustainability n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性 【经典例句】 Which planets can sustain life 哪些行星可以维持生命的存在？ The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison. 家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了狱中的岁月。 She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech. 她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。 The company sustained losses of millions of dollars. 公司遭受了数百万元的巨大损失。 We've talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. 我们最近讨论了可持续能源的重要性。
11.manner / m n (r)/ n. 方式，方法；举止 ；(manners)礼貌 （7） 【原句背诵】 It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner. 【联想拓展】 in a manner 在某种意义上；在某种程度上 in this manner 以这种方式；如此 in the manner of 以……方式；照……的式样 in the same manner 同样地；以同样的方式 to have an aggressive/a friendly/a relaxed manner 带着一副咄咄逼人的╱友好的╱悠闲的样子 【误区】作“礼貌”讲时，manner需用复数形式。 to have good/bad manners 有╱没有礼貌 It is good/bad manners…. …有礼貌/没有礼貌。 【经典例句】 She answered in a businesslike manner . 她回答时显出一副公事公办的样子。 The manner in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable. 宣布决定的方式非常令人遗憾。 I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner. 我是专业人士，必须以专业方式行事。 He dressed well and had impeccable manners. 他穿着得体，举止无可挑剔。 It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
12.consumption n. 消耗，消耗量；消费（7） 【原句背诵】 When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels washed every day. 【联想拓展】 consume vt. 消耗，消费；使…着迷；挥霍 vi. 耗尽，毁灭；耗尽生命 consumer n. n. 消费者；用户，顾客 【经典例句】 Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather. 燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。 The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the U.S. 这些法律已导致美国燃料消耗的降低。 Consumption rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary societies. 现代社会的主要特征是消费而不是储蓄。
e down to可归结为，可归纳为（7） 【原句背诵】 In summary, being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect—for nature, culture and people. 【经典例句】 The problem comes down to money. 这个问题主要涉及到钱的问题。 This has to do with factors which come down to being simply economic. 归根结底都是与经济方面的因素有关。
14.make one’s way to 去，前往（9） 【原句背诵】 Make your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8-meter-high statue of the Buddha. 【联想拓展】 be on the/one’s way to/towards 去，前往 head/find one’s way to朝…走去 push/elbow/shoulder one’s way to 挤出一条路 by the way 顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句 get into/out of the way of (doing) sth 养成（或丢掉）…的习惯 get in the way of 挡…的路；妨碍 give way (to sb/sth) 屈服；退让；让步 in the/sb's way 妨碍；挡着…的路 under way 已经开始；在进行中 【经典例句】 Will you be able to make your own way to the airport (= get there without help, a ride, etc.) 你能自己去机场吗？ Is this your plan for making your way in the world 这就是你要出人头地的计划吗？
15.resolution / rez lu n/ n. 决心，决定；决议，解决（11） 【原句背诵】 I made a resolution to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here. 【联想拓展】 to pass/adopt/carry a resolution 通过一项决议 a resolution (to do sth) 决心（做某事）；决定（做某事） resolve vt. 决定；溶解；使…分解；决心要做…；vi. 解决；决心；分解 【经典例句】 The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute. 政府正在不断敦促早日解决这起纠纷。 The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution of one man. 这些改革主要归功于一个人的坚定决心。 They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays. 他们下定决心要减掉圣诞节期间增加的全部体重。 Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧
16.contrast /k n trɑ st/ vi. 形成对比 vt. 对比，对照 / k ntrɑ st/ n. 差异，差别；对照物（11） 【原句背诵】 The colors of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky. 【联想拓展】 in contrast 与此相反；比较起来 by contrast 相比之下；与之相比 contrast with 与…形成对比；和…相对照 in contrast with 与…形成对比；与…相比 sharp contrast 鲜明对比；强对比，强烈对比 striking contrast 显著对比，鲜明的对比 contrast between A and B 对比；对照 contrast to/with sb/sth 明显的差异；对比；对照 【经典例句】 There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier. 这家公司本季度亏损了700万元，与去年同期620万元的赢利形成了对照。 His public statements have always been in marked contrast to those of his son. 他在公共场合的发言总是和他儿子的话截然不同。 When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast . 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。 It is interesting to contrast the British legal system with the American one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 Johnson‘s easy charm contrasted sharply with the prickliness（吹毛求疵）of his boss. 约翰的随和与他老板的挑剔形成了鲜明的对比。
17.73 intently / n tentli/ adv. 热切地，专注地（12） 【原句背诵】 He (a small grey monkey) was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final mouthful. I was sure he was saying, “Thank you.” “You’re welcome,” I replied. 【联想拓展】 intent adj. 专注的，专心致志的；坚决的；急切的 n. 目的，意图；故意 be intent on/upon (doing) sth 决心做…；专心…，专注于… 【经典例句】 They are assured that someone will listen intently to their problems. 他们确信会有人愿意倾听他们的苦衷。 He listened intently, but the stillness was profound and solemn--awful, even, and depressing to the spirits. 他聚精会神地听着，但周围一片寂静，深沉而肃穆——甚至可怕，令人沮丧。 I was so intent on my work that I didn't notice the time. 我专心工作，以致忘了时间。
随堂练习
一.单句语法填空
1．The world will never starve want of wonders，but only want of wonder.
2．He spotted her (steam) down the corridor towards him.
二.完成句子
1．She to learn French.
她每周留出5个小时的时间来学法语。
2. ，a camel was walking slowly toward the border.
在远处，一只骆驼正在慢悠悠地走向边界线。
三.单句语法填空
1．As is unfolded，boys are very much in the (minor) at the dance class.
2．She found it difficult (settle) and calm down in the deep valley，because she was concerned about whether she would be discovered.
3．Apart the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.
4．In this way I can make new moves using my “artificial intelligence”．
5．WeChat is like a public network，with people (share) information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
四.完成句子
1．On a hill in front of them .
在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。
2．John received an invitation to dinner，and ，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到了参加晚宴的邀请，由于完成了工作，他高兴地接受了。
3．After working here and there for several years，my niece wants to a permanent job.
到处工作了几年之后，我侄女想安下心来找份固定工作。
五．用适当的关系词填空
1．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，as do many businessmen live in downtown Tianjin.
2．Whenever I met her， was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
3．My niece is absent again， is expected.
4．The famous hockey player，in honour a party will be held，is to arrive this afternoon.
5． is reported in the newspaper，a serious accident has happened recently in the suburb.
6．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building，most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month.
7．I shall never forget those years I lived in the valley with the farmers， has a great effect on my life.
8．Her father works in a factory， he makes cars.
9．The old lady has two daughters，one of is working abroad.
10．This is one of the reasons you have to give it up.
六.句型转换
1．He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.
→He visited the Great Wall again， he went two years ago.
2．He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.
→He failed in the examination， made him a bit discouraged.
3．He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.
→He must be from Africa， can be seen from his skin.
4．He has organized a team of workers.All of them are hard-working.
→He has organized a team of workers， are hard-working.
5．He is a man of great experience.Much can be learned from him.
→He is a man of great experience， much can be learned.
Unit2 Out of This World
重点词汇 1．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 2．gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 3．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 4．microscope n．显微镜 5．maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 6．radiation n．辐射，放射线 7．furthermore adv.此外，再者 8．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 9．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 10．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的 11．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 12．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 13．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 14．tale n．故事；讲述，叙述 15．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车) 16．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 17．rocket n．火箭，火箭武器 18．motive n．原因，动机，目的 19．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测 20．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 21．shelter n．居所，住处，庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 22．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
词汇拓展 1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→occupation n．工作；职业；占领；居住；使用 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；估价 4．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光 5．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的 6．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的 7．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；原作 8．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地 9．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资；投入 10．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括 11．assistant n．助理，售货员，助教 adj.助理的，副的→assist v．帮助；援助 12．dust n．沙土，尘土，灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.脏的 13．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.固定地，不变地；连续不断地，重复地
重点词组 1．使进一步了解…… cast new light on 2．在这种情况下；既然如此in the circumstances 3．鉴于，考虑到in view of 4．显而易见的 plain to see 5．为……打下基础 lay the foundation for 6．make achievements取得成就 7．come to an end结束 8．at a time每次 9．in the right direction朝着正确的方向 10．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于 11．在……的帮助下with the help of 12．看起来像look like 13．为了in order to 14．由……组成be made up of 15．陷入；困入be caught in 16．as well也 17．protect...from/against...保护……免遭…… 18．take advantage of利用 19．all over the world全世界 20．be bathed in沐浴在；笼罩在
重点句型 1．there is no such...(as...) There is no such parking lot in the neighbourhood as you described. 邻近地区没有像你描述的这样的停车场。 2．it 作形式主语 It’s a pity that he should be absent from the ceremony. 真遗憾，他竟然缺席了这次典礼。 3．That/This/It is why...那/这就是为什么…… That is why he is always bothering to carve ice in the valley. 那就是他不辞劳苦地在山谷中雕刻冰的原因。 4．while引导让步状语从句 While a minority of students were against it，we held the sports meeting on schedule. 虽然少数学生反对，但我们还是如期举办了运动会。 5．It is likely that...……是可能的 It is likely that he will go to church on Sunday.
Unit2 Out of this world
Word lists Supportive sentences
1. gravity / ɡr v ti/ n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃（16） 【原句背诵】 I bet you would love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! 【联想拓展】 Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律 the law of gravity [物]万有引力定律 absolute gravity 绝对重力；绝对比重 zero gravity 失重；无重力，零重力 【经典例句】 Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for gravity, which brings them down to earth. 要不是重力使箭掉落地上，它将会一直沿直线向前飞行。 I don't think you realise the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。 Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence. 处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。 They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law. 他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有的严肃态度。 【误区】多关注gravity作为“严重性；严肃”意义时的用法。
2.absence / bs ns/ n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席（16） 3. *float /fl t/ vi. 飘动，漂流；浮 vt. 使浮动，使漂流（16） 【原句背诵】 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. 【联想拓展】 absence of 缺乏 in the absence of 缺乏，不存在；无…时，缺少…时 in absence of 缺乏… absence of mind 心不在焉 in absence 当…不在的时候；缺席 absence from 缺席；不在 absent / bs nt/ adj.缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的 be absent from 缺勤；缺席 【反义词】absence的反义词是presence（出席，在场；存在）。 The presence or absence of clouds can have an important impact on temperature. 云的有无对气温会产生重要影响。 【经典例句】 The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there) . 这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。 We did not receive any news during his long absence. 我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。 The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. 此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。 In the absence of actual data no reliance can be placed on such figures. 在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。 They noticed fifty and twenty dollar bills floating in the water. 他们注意到水中漂浮着一些50和20美元的纸币。 It's below freezing and small icebergs are floating by. 气温在冰点以下，一座座小冰山正漂过。 There wasn't enough water to float the ship. 水不够深，船浮动不起来。
4.bother/ b (r)/ vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n. 麻烦，困难（16） 【原句背诵】 It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more. 【联想拓展】 don't bother 不用麻烦了；不打扰了 bother about 烦恼 bother with 为…而费心，为…操心；用…打扰 can't be bothered 不想出力，不愿找麻烦 bother to do sth 费心去做某事 【经典例句】 He failed his exams and didn't bother about the resits. 他考试没有通过，却没有为补考而感到烦恼。 He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming. 他甚至都没通知我他要来。 I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心
5.occupy/ kjupa / vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于（16） 【原句背诵】 The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 【联想拓展】 occupy in 从事 occupy sb/sth/oneself (in doing sth/with sb/sth) 使忙于（做某事）；忙着（做某事） be occupied in doing sth/with sth/sb 忙于做某事 occupation n. 工作，职业；消遣，业余活动；（尤指军队的）占领，控制；（房屋等地方的）居住，使用 【经典例句】 How much memory does the program occupy 这个程序占用多少内存？ The capital has been occupied by the rebel army. 叛军已占领了首都。 Many men still occupy more positions of power than women. 许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。 She occupied herself with routine office tasks. 她忙于办公室的日常工作。 I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure. 我想我那时在寻找一份冒险型职业。
6.cast new light on 使进一步了解…（16） 【原句背诵】 Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. 【联想拓展】 bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发 cast/shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解 come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露 bring … to light 揭露；发现；公开 in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于 【经典例句】 A new approach offers an answer, and may cast/shed light on an even bigger question. 一种新方法提供一个答案，而且可能阐明更大的问题。 Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease. 最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。 New evidence has recently come to light. 新的证据最近已披露出来。
7.exposure / k sp (r)/ n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道（17） 8. radiation / re di e n/ n. 辐射，放射线（17） 【原句背诵】 First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. 【联想拓展】 prolonged exposure to harmful radiation 长时间接触有害辐射 the exposure of illegal currency deals 对非法交易货币的揭露 expose vt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示 expose sb/sth/oneself (to sth) 使面临，使遭受（危险或不快） expose sb to sth 使接触；使体验 be exposed to接触，体验 【误区】在expose sb to sth和be exposed to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 【经典例句】 Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children. 已知接触铅会损害幼童的大脑。 Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. 人们一直认为，接触大自然对儿童的大脑发育是必要的。 精选例句Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process. 暴露在日光下会加快老化过程。 My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为记者的职责就是展示事实。 He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. 他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。 Do not expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。 We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 They suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation. 他们受健康问题的困扰，还担心遭受辐射造成的长期影响。
9.in view of 鉴于，考虑到（17） 【原句背诵】 In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 【联想拓展】 to have different/conflicting/opposing views 有不同的╱矛盾的╱相反的观点 in view 在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标 point of view 观点；见地；立场 in the view of 按照…的观点 in my view 在我看来；我认为 come into view 看得见，进入视野 view as 认为…是…；把…看作… in light of 根据；鉴于；从…观点 considering that 鉴于，考虑到…；就…而论 given that 考虑到；假定 【经典例句】 In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。 In view of the fact that Hobson was not a trained economist his achievements were remarkable. 鉴于霍布森非科班出身的经济学家这一事实，他的成就是很了不起的。 The debate here will be limited in two main respects in view of the time available. 鉴于时间有限，这场辩论将被限制在两个主要方面上。 In view of the present situation, we'll have to revise our original plan. 基于目前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划。
10.vital / va tl/ adj. 必不可少的，对…极重要的；维持生命所必需的 【原句背诵】 Spending more tome in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. 【联想拓展】 be vital (for/to sth) 必不可少的；对…极重要的 vitality n. 活力，生气；生命力，生动性 vitally adv. 极其；紧要地；生死攸关地 vitalize vt. 赋予…生命；激发；使有生气 【经典例句】 Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 The police play a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 Good financial accounts are vital to the success of any enterprise. 妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。
11.discipline / d s pl n/ vt. 严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力（17） 【原句背诵】 Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. 【联想拓展】 discipline sb (for sth) 惩罚；处罚 discipline oneself to do sth自我控制；严格要求（自己） a disciplined approach to work 严格的工作态度 a disciplined army/team 纪律严明的军队╱团队 【经典例句】 The officers were disciplined for using racist language. 这些军官因使用种族歧视性语言而受到惩罚。 He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week. 他规定自己每周至少锻炼三次。 Discipline yourself to check your messages once a day or every couple of days. 训练自己每天或每两天查看一次你的留言。 The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. 这所学校因纪律严格而名闻遐迩。 The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem. 学习音乐的规范训练能帮助孩子们养成良好的做事习惯和增强自尊心。 Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. 瑜伽是一种学习放松的有效方法。
12.plain to see 显而易见的（21） 13. foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 lay the foundation for为…打下基础 【原句背诵】 The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and (3) how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see. 【联想拓展】 theoretical foundation 理论基础 solid foundation 基础雄厚；实体基础 economic foundation 经济基础 foundational adj. 基础的；基本的 foundationalism n. 基础主义 【经典例句】 The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community. 这个问题严重影响到我们社会的基础。 Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage. 尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。 The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school. 建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。 These stories have no foundation (= are not based on any facts) . 这些故事纯属虚构。 The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955. 该组织自1955年创建以来已有重大的发展。
14. investment / n vestm nt/ n. 投资；投入（26） 【原句背诵】 Although space exploration demands huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great economic value. 【联想拓展】 to encourage foreign investment 鼓励外国投资 investment income 投资收益 a high return on my investments 我的投资的高收益 invest vt. 投资；覆盖；耗费 vi. 投资，入股；花钱买 【经典例句】 This country needs investment in education. 这个国家需要对教育进行投资。 He said the government must introduce tax incentives（税收优惠） to encourage investment. 他说，政府必须通过给予税收优惠来鼓励投资。 We bought the house as an investment (= to make money) . 我们买这所房子作为投资。 The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort. 该项目已让我们投入了相当多的时间和精力。
15.calculate / k lkjule t/ vt. 计算，核算；预测（26） 【原句背诵】 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 【联想拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【经典例句】 Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container. 用公式计算容器的容积。 You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。 It has been calculated that at least 50 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少50000人次失去了工作。 Conservationists calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. 自然资源保护主义者预测，数以百计的物种可能会从这个地区消失。
16.calculate / k lkjule t/ vt. 计算，核算；预测（26） 【原句背诵】 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 【联想拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【经典例句】 Use the formula to calculate the volume of the container. 用公式计算容器的容积。 You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。 It has been calculated that at least 50 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少50000人次失去了工作。 Conservationists calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area. 自然资源保护主义者预测，数以百计的物种可能会从这个地区消失。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．However，it is likely Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
2．A large amount of dust on the ceiling (damage) the whole attraction of the building up to now.
3．Some people pay a constant visit to the shelter for the homeless others seldom go there.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I’m afraid it’ll .
我恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。
2．We the earthquake fund last year.
去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。
3．Do you think it is possible for a robot
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？
4． ，I do not have enough time.
尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。
二
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a skilled worker，he (occupy) with the maintenance of the cars every day.
2．It comes as no surprise that racism is wholly unacceptable under any (circumstance)
3．The case was dismissed in the (absent) of any definite proof.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． the importance of protecting themselves from radiation.
让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。
2． as you have described in our class.
我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。
3．Almost everyone at all ages can enjoy music. music is so popular.
几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。
三
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
Everyone knew 1. Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2. she came from and 3. she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4. they did know was
5. she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6. was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7. they were so narrow minded，but it didn’t matter 8. others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9. she thought was right.I think that is 10. the meaning of life lies.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． that the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
2． your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。
3． that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。
4． has excited every one of us.
这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。
5． doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
Unit3 Back to the Past
重点词汇 1．load vt.& vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量 2．log n．航海日志，正式记录；原木vi.& vt.伐木 3．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 4．insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 5．route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 6．leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露n.漏洞 7．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，惊慌失措 8．royal adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的 9．facilitate vt.使便利，促进 10．available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 11．shelf n．(pl.shelves)(书架等的)架子，搁板 12．pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包，包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 13．aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 14．uniform n．制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 15．dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 16．thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，雷声 17．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 18．hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出 19．plot n．阴谋；故事情节vi.& vt.密谋 20．sink vi.& vt.(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 21．pray vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 22．episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 23．reform vt.改进，改良，改革 n．改革，改良 24．shift n．改变，转移；轮班 vt.& vi.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变
词汇拓展 1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的→convinced adj.坚信不移的；确信的 2．strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力气；力量；强项 3．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmoniously adv.协调地，和谐地→harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐 4．proof n．证据，证明→prove vt.证明；检验；显示vi.证明是 5．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢 6．influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n．影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt.影响 7．financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n．金融；财经 8．depart vi.& vt.离开，起程→departure n．离开，起程 9．shortage n．不足，短缺→short adj.短的；不足的；矮的，低的→shorten vt.缩短；减少；变短 vi.缩短；变短 10．subsequent adj.随后的，后来的→subsequently adv.随后，其后；后来 11．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊诧；震惊→astonished adj.惊诧的 12．literary adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n．文学；文献；文艺；著作 13．extensively adv.广阔地；广泛地→extensive adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的→extension n．拓展；延伸 14．exceptional adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n．例外；异议 15．adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用 16．comparison n．比较；对比→compare v．比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作 17．violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 18．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的；(雾、雨)冻的n.冰点→frozen adj.冻结的；冷酷的 19．bleed vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血→blood n．血，血液；血统→bleeding n．出血；渗色 20．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorize vt.记住，背熟；记忆→memory n．记忆，记忆力；内存，[计]存储器；回忆
重点词组 1．代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了on behalf of 2．不管，不顾 regardless of 3．使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内allow for 4．理顺，整理；把……安排好 sort out 5．pay a visit to 参观 6．search for 寻找；搜索 7．have an impact on 对……有影响 8．pass on 传递；传下去 9．in panic 惊慌地 10．carry on with 继续 11．与……相反 contrary to 12．同时 in the meanwhile 13．家庭手工业 cottage industry 14．祈祷，祈求 pray for 15．逼真的 true to life 16．open up 敞开心扉 17．make one’s bed 整理床铺 18．get in touch with 和……取得联系 19．declare war on/against 对……宣战，向……宣战 20．deliver a speech 发表演讲
重点句型 1．before引导的时间状语从句 To decide wisely which college to attend，you are advised to pay a visit to colleges before you apply. 为了明智地决定上哪所大学，我们建议你在申请之前参观一下学校。 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句 We can hold a competition concerning ocean protection，which can help students learn more about measures to protect the ocean. 我们可以举办一场关于海洋保护的比赛，这可以帮助学生更多地了解保护海洋的措施。 3．过去分词短语作定语 I’ve learned with delight that you have won the second prize in the Chinese Calligraphy Competition held for foreigners in our city.得知你在我市为外国人举办的中国书法比赛中获得二等奖，我很高兴。 4．现在分词短语作结果状语 There is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.到处都是泥浆和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅行很困难。 5．with的复合结构 With our school’s annual Sports Day approaching，I can’t help thinking of my sports experience. 随着我们学校一年一度的运动会的临近，我不禁想起了我的运动经历。
Unit3 Back to the past
Word lists Supportive sentences
1. breadth /bredθ/ n. 宽度；广泛（29） 【原句背诵】 The Time Traveller was explaining something to us. “People believe there are three dimensions of Space—Length, Breadth and Thickness; however, there is a fourth dimension—Time.” 【联想拓展】 breadth of mind 心胸 breadth of view 见识的广阔，眼光的远大 a new political leader with a breadth of vision有远见卓识的政治领袖 【经典例句】 She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。 Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience. 年长的人们有极其广泛的经验。 He was surprised at her breadth of reading. 他对于她的博览群书感到惊讶。 The curriculum needs breadth and balance. 课程设置应该内容广泛而且均衡。 【同义词】width n. 宽度；广度
2.convince /k n v ns/ vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说（29） 【原句背诵】 The Time Traveller smiled, “It is clear,” he said, “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” Then he carried a model of the Time Machine. 【联想拓展】 convince sb/oneself (of sth) 使确信；使相信；使信服 convince sb. to do sth 说服某人做某事 convinced adj. 确信的；深信的; v. 使确信（convince的过去分词）；说服 convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的; v. 使相信；使明白（convince的现在分词） convincingly adv. 令人信服地；有说服力地 convincible adj. 可使信服的；可说服的 【经典例句】 You can't convince others if you yourself aren't convinced. 如果你没有使你自己信服你就不能使别人信服。 Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits. 他们的目标是说服立法者扩大失业救济。 I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me. 我不相信你说的话，但如果你能证明你的观点，你也许能说服我。 Leaders don't force other people but convince them to go along with them. 领导者不会强迫其他人赞同自己，但能说服别人。 Although I soon convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity（明智；精神健全）. 尽管我很快就让他相信我是清白的，但是他还是非常怀疑我精神是否正常。
3.on behalf /b hɑ f/ of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了（30） 【原句背诵】 Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 【经典例句】 I'd like to represent a problem to the school on behalf of the student union. 我想代表学生会向学校提出一个问题。 On behalf of the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. 我代表学生会写信邀请您给我们做一个关于中国历史的演讲。 On behalf of my crew, I'd like to welcome you aboard British Airways flight 602 from New York to London. 我谨代表全体工作人员，欢迎你们乘坐英国航空公司从纽约飞往伦敦的602号航班。
4.strengthen / stre θn/ vt. & vi. 加强，增强（30） harmonious /hɑ m ni s/ adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的（30） 【原句背诵】 Zheng He’s efforts help develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 【联想拓展】 strengthen environmental protection 加强环境保护 strengthen the awareness of 提高意识；强化意识 strengthen unity 加强团结 strengthen discipline 加强纪律 strength n. 体力，力量；实力；长处，优势 harmonious socialist society 社会主义和谐社会 harmonious world 和谐世界 harmoniously adv. 和谐地；协调地 harmony n. 和谐，和睦；融洽；协调 【经典例句】 Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks. 最近几个星期以来，她在党内的地位有所增强。 Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge. 这座桥需要加固。 The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles. 这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。 Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones. 任何经历都可以让你学到东西，使你变得坚定，那些更困难的经历尤其如此。 Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals. 他们融洽的关系部分来自于他们相似的目标。 n short, a good and harmonious environment at home is necessary for a child to grow healthy. 总之，良好和谐的家庭环境对孩子的健康成长至关重要。
5.insist / n s st/ vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说（31） 6. route /ru t/ n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道（31） 【原句背诵】 Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 【联想拓展】 insist on/upon (sth/doing sth) 坚持，坚决要求；督促，强调 insist that…坚决要求；坚持说 But if you insist 如果你坚持话 insistence n. 坚持，强调；坚决主张 insistent adj. 坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的；紧急的 a coastal route 沿海的路线 an escape route 逃脱的路径 the route to success 成功之路 wireless routers 无线路由器 【经典例句】 "It's not that difficult," she insists. “事情并没有像想的那么难，”她坚持说。 Jessica insisted on being present at all the interviews. 杰西卡坚决要求出席所有的采访。 She insisted on his/him wearing a suit for the conference. 她坚持要他穿西装出席会议。 Motorists are advised to find an alternative route. 建议驾驶者换一条路线。 Researchers are trying to get at the same information through an indirect route. 研究者们正试图通过一条间接途径获取同样的信息。
7.financial /fa n n l/ adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的（31） 【原句背诵】 After continuous attempts, he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain. 【联想拓展】 financial services 金融服务 to give financial advice 提供财务咨询 to be in financial difficulties 处于财务困难之中 financial crisis 金融危机；财政危机 financial management 财务管理；金融管理 financial system 金融体系；财务系统 financial market 金融市场 financially adv. 财政上；金融上 finance n. 财政，财政学；金融; vt. 负担经费，供给…经费; vi. 筹措资金 【经典例句】 Tokyo and New York are major financial centres . 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心。 The company is in financial difficulties. 这个公司处于财务困难之中。 The CEO has named a new chief financial officer (CFO). 执行总裁已经提名了一位新的财务总监。 Local businesses have provided financial support. 当地企业提供了财政资助。
8.regardless /r ɡɑ dl s/ adv. 不顾，不加理会（31） regardless of不管，不顾（31） 【原句背诵】 Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. 【联想拓展】 stand together regardless of situation 风雨同舟；休戚与共 regardless of whether 不管，不顾天气 regardless of the consequences 不顾后果；不计后果 【经典例句】 The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless . 天气非常恶劣，但我们并不理会，照常进行。 Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless. 尽管她最近动了手术，她却一直在不顾一切地继续工作。 The organization takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed（信条；信仰）. 这 个组织接纳任何人，不管其宗教、肤色或信仰。 The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not. 不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。
9. subsequent / s bs kw nt/ adj. 随后的，后来的（31） 【原句背诵】 Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages. 【联想拓展】 subsequent generations 后代 the increase of population in subsequent years 随后几年中的人口增长 subsequently adv. 随后，其后；后来 subsequence n. 随后；接着（尤指结果、效果） 【经典例句】 Subsequent events confirmed our doubts. 后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。 Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report. 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
10.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊（33） 【原句背诵】 The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was. 【联想拓展】 astonishing adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 吃惊的 astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 astonishingly adv. 令人惊讶地 【误区】astonishing表示“主动”意义，astonished表示“被动”意义。 【经典例句】 The ending of the novel will astonish you. 小说的结局会让你大吃一惊。 The scenic spots astonish with the variety of colors, shapes, and behaviors. 旅游景点色彩之丰富、形状之多变和习性之多样，足以让人叹为观止。 It was astonishing that she should accept such a challenging job. 令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么具有挑战性的工作。 Much to my astonishment, she still remembered my name! 使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！
11. facilitate /f s l te t/ vt. 使便利，促进（34） 【原句背诵】 After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to official books and files. 【联想拓展】 facilitation n. 简易化；[生理] 助长；容易 facilitative adj. 使便利的 【经典例句】 The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 新机场将促进旅游业的发展。 The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth. 新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。 We should learn to grasp communication skills for they can facilitate mutual understanding. 我们应该学习掌握沟通技巧，因为这可以促进相互理解。 【同义词】promote vt. 促进，促销；提升，晋升 boost vt. 使增长，推动；促进
12. sort out 理顺，整理；把…安排好（34） 13. available / ve l bl/ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的（34） 【原句背诵】 However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. 【联想拓展】 sort sth (into sth) 整理；把…分类 sort sth out (from sth)（从…中）区分出来，辨别出来 sort sth/sb/oneself out 妥善处理某人（或自己）的问题 sort sb out 整治，惩罚，收拾（某人） sort through sth (for sth) 翻查；归整 available resources/facilities 可利用的资源╱设备 readily/freely/publicly/generally available 可以容易╱免费╱让公众╱普遍得到的 available for 可用于…的；对…有效的；能参加…的 available to adj. 可以用来，现有的；对…有效 availably adv. 有效用地；可获得地 availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 【经典例句】 The cupboards need sorting out. 柜橱该整理一下了。 Could you sort out the toys that can be thrown away 你把可以扔掉的玩具挑出来，好吗？ Leaving children to sort out their own problems can sometimes be good to their development. 让孩子解决自己的问题有时有助于他们的发展。 If you're going to the bus station, can you sort out the tickets for tomorrow 你 要去汽车站的话，能不能把明天的车票买好？ All our products are available by mail order. 我们的商品都可以邮购。 Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%. 自1978年以来，可供买书的钱已减少了17%。 The shop has about 500 autographed（签字；签名）copies of the book available for purchase. 这家书店有大约500本该书的签名版本可供购买。 Will the manager be available this afternoon 今天下午经理有空吗？ Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. 利奇先生在休假，没空 作评论。
14.adopt / d pt/ vt. 采取，采用；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养（37） 【原句背诵】 So how do popular history books achieve this The authors adopt a natural, chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader. 【联想拓展】 adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法 adopt various methods 采取不同办法 to adopt a child 领养孩子 adopted adj. 收养的，领养的 v. 收养；采用，采纳 adoption n. 采用；收养；接受 adoptive adj. 采用的；有收养关系的 【经典例句】 The gap between the rich and the poor makes it essential that the government adopt a dynamic solution to the problem. 贫富差距使得政府必须采用动态的方案来解决这个问题。 The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新政策。 The United Nations General Assembly has adopted a resolution calling on all parties in the conflict to seek a political settlement. 联合国大会已采纳了一项呼吁所有冲突各方寻求政治解决的决议。 Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. 例如，大约30年前，白人家庭被鼓励收养黑人儿童。
parison /k m p r sn/ n. 对比；比较（37） 【原句背诵】 Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader’s interest. 【联想拓展】 comparison with 与…相比 in comparison adj. 相比之下；与……比较 in comparison with 与…比较，同…比较起来 by comparison 相比之下，比较起来 comparison method 比较法 make a comparison 进行比较 comparison of A and/to/with B/ between A and B 对比；相比 compare vt. 比较，对比；把…比作；（与…）相比 comparative adj. 比较的，相比的 【经典例句】 The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice. 这一对比表明理论和实践之间有相当大的出入。 The telecom industry in Australia is very small in comparison with the rest of the world. 澳大利亚电信业与世界其他地区电信业相比规模很小。 It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book—they are completely different. 这很难与她以前的书相比——两者是截然不同的。 In comparison with the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects. 与之前的研究相比，这个新的研究拓宽了研究主题。
16.contrary / k ntr ri/ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 contrary to与…相反（37） 【原句背诵】 Contrary to popular history books, most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history. 【联想拓展】 contrary advice/opinions/arguments 完全相反的建议╱观点╱论点 on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反 quite the contrary 恰恰相反；正相反 to the contrary (showing or proving the opposite) 相反的；相反地 【经典例句】 The contrary view is that prison provides an excellent education—in crime. 截然不同的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面提供极好的教育。 It's no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 这根本不麻烦。相反，我很乐意帮助你。 The government has decided that the publication of the report would be 'contrary to the public interest'. 政府认为发表这份报告将会“违背公众的利益”。 Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. 与大众看法相反，老年人通常不愿与他们的孩子住在一起。 On the contrary, I like solving difficult problems because I always take them as exciting challenges. 相反，我喜欢解决难题，因为我通常会把这些难题看作令人激动的挑战。
17.dive /da v/ vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水（39） 【原句背诵】 Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. 【联想拓展】 dive into v. 投入；把手伸入；钻研 dive in 开始大吃；头朝下跳入水中 dive for 扑向；潜水寻找… dive off 从…跳水 take a dive 突然下降，急剧下降 make a dive (for sth) 迅速移动；猛然一跳；扑跃 diver n. 潜水者；跳水的选手；潜鸟 【经典例句】 He tried to escape by diving into a river. 他企图跳入河中逃走。 We dived into the river to cool off. 我们一头跳进河里，凉快一下。 The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving. 他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
18.sink /s k/ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低（40） 【原句背诵】 Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 【联想拓展】 sink in/sink into sth (1) 被完全理解；被充分意识到 (2) 渗透；渗入 sink into sth 渐渐进入（消极、不快等的）状态 be sunk in sth 陷入不快（或沉思）中 sink or swim 不自救，必沉沦；自己努力，以求生存 sunken adj. 沉没的；凹陷的；比周围低的 【经典例句】 The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. 船沉入海底。 The foundations of the building are starting to sink. 楼房的地基开始下陷。 Far off to the west the sun was sinking. 远远的，太阳在西边落下。 Pay increases have sunk to around seven percent. 工资增长已下降到7％左右。 【误区】sink作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时要小心！ 【熟词生义】sink作名词时，意思是“（厨房里的）洗涤池，洗碗槽”。 Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink! 别把脏盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了！
19.reform /r f m/ vt. 改进，改革，改良 n. 改革，改良（41） 20. output / a tp t/ n. 产量，输出量（41） 【原句背诵】 Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased considerably. 【联想拓展】 reformation n. 革新；改善 reformer n. 改革家；改革运动者；改良者 reform and opening-up 改革开放 economic reform 经济改革 deepen the reform 深化改革 reform measures 改革措施 technical reform 技术改造 data output 数据输出 an output device 输出装置 【反义词】output的反义词是input。 【经典例句】 The law needs to be reformed. 法律需要进行改革。 The party embarked on a programme of economic reform. 这个政党开始了一个经济改革的计划。 The government intends to push ahead with its reform programme. 该政府打算推进其改革计划。 Manufacturing output has increased by 8%. 工业产量增长了8%。 Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years. 政府的统计数字显示出10年来工业产量最大幅度的下降。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised， (加强) Dickens’ permanent status as a leading novelist.
2．Generally speaking， (和谐的) family relationship plays an important part in one’s growth.
3．Having secured sufficient of her guilt，the police formally arrested her.
4．To our confusion，we don’t know how the information on the antique was (泄露)．
5．What is known to us is that the astronomer is an figure in the field of astronomy.
6．According to his observation，the captain estimated the of the lake to be 500 metres.
7．It is well known that global water is becoming incredibly severe mainly due to global warming.
8．I set the on the ground and shaved off the bark.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1． (subsequent)，the glaciers began to melt，and many polar creatures starved to death.
2．It is necessary for us to allow his inexperience when assigning the task to him.
3．The captain tried to stay calm，thinking that if he (panic)，so would the crew.
4．Many people are doing voluntary work，calling for public (finance) donations for the stricken area in support of its healing and recovery.
5．My husband and I insisted that our children (be) old enough to discipline themselves.
6．The audience was extremely (astonish) at the awesome performance.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我相信它不会辜负你的期望。(convince)
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2．他坚信，只要他坚持不懈地努力，他就能实现成为天文学家的目标。(insist)
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3．人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识，拓宽我们的视野。(acknowledge)
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4．上个星期天，不管天气炎热，我们班参观了我们市的历史博物馆。(regardless of)
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5．你可以在出发前上网查询更多关于目的地的信息。(before)
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二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The bear tore at a neighboring tent and (拉) something into the darkness.
2．In most cases，you just need to wrap a clean cloth tightly around the cut if it is .
3．Hearing the astonishing news，my niece into a chair，burying her face in her hands.
4．When the earthquake happened，the mechanic was browsing the (书架) for something interesting to read.
5．We should learn to grasp communication skills，for they can (促进) mutual understanding.
6．My favorite season is autumn because the weather is more agreeable by with summer.
7．It’s reported that apart from the flight crew，the plane crash killed all 157 passengers (在飞机上)．
8．On hearing the coverage，Jenny (呆住)there，a thrilled expression twisting her face.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．It was exciting that my favorite astronomer would come to at the invitation of the principal.
2．If you apply for accommodation，you can the school by telephone or by email.
3． these gradual climatic changes，some creatures have shifted their ranges hundreds of kilometers.
4．You can discover that the discipline provides an opportunity to or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it.
5．It is widely acknowledged that high social status does not necessarily happiness.
6．As is known to us all，theory is based on practice and serves practice.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．我们学校组织的这次活动不仅让我们得到了放松，而且让我们更接近了大自然。(过去分词短语作定语)
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2．学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。 (adopt)
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3．他住在一个宁静的小区里，在那儿他可以不受打扰。(where引导非限制性定语从句)
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4．同时，英语角开阔了我的视野，提高了我对英语的兴趣。(in the meanwhile)
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5．昨天，我代表学校宣布了我们学校足球队赢得比赛的消息。(that引导的同位语从句)
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三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
On behalf of his captain，Peter gave a report on their voyage last Friday.
1． (strength) the crew’s cooperation and harmonious relationships，the captain adopted Peter’s advice to make a voyage across the gulf last month.Before departing from the shore，they packed up and loaded the ship with the compass and the log.2. (subsequent)，they began to navigate along the predetermined route.One night，they were navigating on the sea 3. a violent hurricane hit them.In an instant，all the crew aboard got into a panic,4. (freeze) on the deck and not knowing what to do.Meanwhile，the ship began to leak as if it would sink at once.Some of the crew even intended to dive into the sea.Contrary 5. the panicked crew，the captain remained calm in the chaos.He convinced the crew to keep calm despite facing the fact that he was bleeding heavily.Regardless of his own 6. (safe)，he risked his life to find out the leaking pipe and cut it off，which greatly astonished all the 7. (sailor)．It was at the moment when they were praying for safety 8. the violent hurricane was over.
This was 9. unforgettable episode in their life.The captain 10. (acknowledge) as the most exceptional captain by the crew.
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
There are lots of explorers who have played 1. significant part in world history；take Zheng He for example.He 2. (make) a total of seven voyages on behalf of the Ming Dynasty between 1405 and 1433.His first voyage was 3. (particular) spectacular with a fleet of over 200 ships and almost 28,000 people.The fleet paid friendly visits 4. more than 30 countries and regions.He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa.The seven voyages had a far reaching impact on China and its neighbours,5. helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,6. (expose) foreign people to Chinese culture.
Another great explorer is Christopher Columbus.He insisted that he 7. (search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.With the aid of the King and Queen of Spain，he departed from Spain and began his first voyage with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen in 1492.With many challenges
8. (overcome)，they succeeded in landing in the Caribbean，which Columbus had thought as the East Indies.Between 1493 and 1504，Columbus completed his three subsequent voyages，finding more land，especially the New World.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical 9. (finding)．
Both of their accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and either of 10. (they) is remembered as one of the most influential explorers.
Unit4 Protecting Our Heritage Sites
重点词汇 1．civilization n．文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界 2．preserve vt.维护，保护，保存；维持 3．ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n．毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁 4．conflict n．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi.冲突，抵触 5．civil adj.国民的；国家的；民事的 6．ecology n．生态，生态学 7．agenda n．计划，方案；议程表，议事日程 8．collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 n．昏倒；倒塌 9．suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂 10．incident n．事件；冲突 11．forecast vt.预测，预报 n．预测，预
