中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)
【词汇用法】
1.since prep. & conj. 自从……以来
介词时, 后接表示过去的时间点, 表示某事开始的时间； 连词时, 引导时间状语从句, 从句常用一般过去时。如：
We have been here since last Sunday / two years ago.
Mr. Jones has worked here since he was twenty-five.
for prep. 后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。
如：
I have studied here for three years.
She has been away for five days.
【重点句型】
I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months.
a couple of 意为“一对”，有复数意义，
A couple of friends are coming over for dinner tonight.
A couple of 也可以意为“一些”，有数量的含义，
跟后面的名词单复数保持一致。
I need a couple of chairs for the meeting room.
I’ll just have a couple of glasses of water.
2.We have had a piano since last November.从去年十一月起我们就有一架钢琴了。(4b)
since last November.自从去年十一月，表示从去年十一月份以来一直到现在，常常和现在完成时连用。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
He has lived in Beijing since he was born.(自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
He has studied English since 1999.
have had 现在完成时句子的谓语动词，其中had是have的过去分词，有，买的意思。在现在完成时的上述用法中，和现在完成时连用的动词必须是延续性动词，如果是非延续性动词，要把它转化成延续性动词。例如上边的句子如果写成：We have bought a piano since last November.就错了，因为buy是非延续性动词，不能和since表示的一段时间连用。把非延续性动词buy转换成have或者own就可以了。在例如：He has borrowed the book for two weeks.× 应该写成：He has kept the book for two weeks.因为borrow也是非延续性动词，不能和for two weeks一段时间连用。把borrow转化成延续性动词就可以了。详细内容见课件内容。
单项选择
( )1. What honest boy! We should learn from him.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. — have you been in the sports club
—Since the first month I came to the school.
A .How old B. How long C. How much D. How soon
( )3. Little Tom was sad to his toys because he liked them very much.
A. part with B. agree with C. play with D. go with
( )4. Harry has decided an online shop after graduating from school.
A. open B. to open C. opened D. opening
( )5. Everyone wants to win. But me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A. such as B. thanks to C. instead of D.as for
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. The old man is very (truth). He never tells a lie.
7. My room is (big) than hers.
8. Lucy doesn’t seem (like) the idea.
9. They decide (leave) for Shanghai right now.
10. Ann is certain (come) on time. Don’t worry.
三、完成句子。
11. 我不再使用那台旧电脑了。
I __________ __________ use that old computer.
12. Molly已经买了这条连衣裙两年了。
Molly __________ __________ the dress __________ two years.
13. 至于早餐，他们已经吃过了。
__________ __________ breakfast, they have had it.
14. 这位老人对让出旧房子感到很惋惜。
The old man was sorry for __________ __________ the old house．
15. 请你清理桌子上的东西，好吗？
Could you please __________ __________ the things on the table
四、完形填空
Mr. Smith is a successful man. He is very rich. He lives in a big city now. Last month he came back to his hometown. 16 people knew him, because he left there when he was a child. And when he stopped near a 17 house, he saw an old woman sitting in the sun enjoying herself. Her 18 were closed and she didn't notice there was a man looking at her carefully.
“Aunt," Mr. Smith called out, "Aunt! "The old woman didn't believe her nephew (侄子) had come to see her. She was very glad and excited. Tears(泪水) 19 her face. Thirty years! It was for thirty years that she hadn't seen him. As a 20 boy in the small village, he was always hungry and had little food to eat. So he went to city to find a 21 . He didn't come back after that. So he couldn't see his parents and his aunt 22 .
Mr. Smith had only a 23 holiday. He asked some neighbors to repair his aunt's small old house. He never forgot his teacher, Mr. Green, who often helped him 24 he got into trouble. So he went to the school.
“ 25 I see Mr. Green Sir " he asked an old man at the school gate(门口).
“Oh, sorry, you can't, ' answered the man.
“But why What happened to him "
"He died two years ago!"
Mr. Smith felt very sad when he heard the news. What a pity! He could never say thanks to Mr. Green.
( )16. A. Many B. Lots of C. A few D. Few
( )17. A. small B. big C. nice D. beautiful
( )18. A. eye B. mouth C. eyes D. mouths
( )19. A. rundown B. ran down C. run away D. ran away
( )20. A. twelve-year-old B. twelve-years-old C. twelve years old D. twelve year old
( )21. A. work B. jobs C. job D. works
( )22. A. any longer B. no longer C. not more D. no more
( )23. A. week B. week's C. weeks D. weeks'
( )24. A. where B. how C. when D. while
( )25. A. Can B. Shall C. Will D. Must
五、阅读理解
It was yard sale time again, and everyone in the Jones family was getting ready.
Billy, the youngest, was clearing out his old toys. He put several old robots and games in his yard sale box. He also found some clothes that didn’t fit.
Suzy, the middle child, decided to part with some stuffed animals （毛絨玩具） from her collection. She also found some old books.
Regina, the eldest, had music CDs and some clothes to sell. She had the most clothes to sell among the children.
Dad had many things he could part with: some tools, some records he didn’t listen to, some computer parts and a few old jackets and suits.
Mom had a few things to sell. She chose some handbags, some shoes and some clothes. She also found some old dishes.
Together, the five of them set up their tables and the sale began at 7： 30 a. m. People came early and the buying and selling was fierce. They hardly had time to take a rest. Many people brought young children, so Billy did well. He sold out his toys quickly. Girls liked Suzy’s stuffed animals, and a few teenagers bought most of Regina’s music CDs. Mom and Dad had the most things, so it took them longer to sell them, but they also made more money.
In the end, Billy made $ 22, Suzy made $ 18 and Regina made $ 43. Mom and Dad made a bit more. Dad made $ 143 and Mom made $ 97. It was quite a good day.
( )26. Who didn’t bring clothes to the yard sale
A. Billy. B. Suzy. C. Regina. D. Dad.
( )27. Mom didn’t bring __________ to the yard sale.
A. shoes B. dishes C. handbags D. music CDs
( )28. The underlined word “fierce” in the passage means “__________” in Chinese.
A.仓促的 B.悠闲的 C.激烈的 D.惨淡的
( )29. It took Mom and Dad longer to sell their things because they __________.
A. were bad at selling B. had the most things
C. had to prepare food and drinks D. had to take care of their children
( )30. How much did the three children make at the yard sale in total
A. $83. B. $ 180. C. $ 240. D. $ 323.
六、七选五 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从方框内所给的选项选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,使短文意思通顺,选项中有一项为多余项。
Are you truly happy Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness 31 . The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. 32 .
When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don' t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
33 . These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
34 . . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.
Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 35 .
A. What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.
B. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be influenced.
C. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.
D. These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.
E. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
F. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G. It' s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.
31. _________ 32. ____________33. _________34. ____________35. ____________
Unit 10 Section A Grammar focus -4c学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5 BBABD
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6. truthful 7. bigger 8. to like 9. to leave 10. to come
三、完成句子
11. no longer 12. has had; for 13. As for 14. parting with 15. clear out
完形填空
16-20DACBA 21-25CABCA
阅读理解
26-30 BDCBA
六、七选五
31-35DBEGC
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Presentation
Unit 10 I‘ve had this bike for three years.
Section A Grammar focus-4c
情景式教学语法课公开课
人教新目标版 八年级(下册)
Presentation
Learning Objectives
At the end of this class, students will be able to:
1. To learn to use new words & expressions to talk about the yard sale:
hometown
--How long have you had that bike over there
--I’ve had it for three years.
--How long has his son owned the train and railway set
--He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
2. To learn to use for and since correctly in present perfect tense;
3. To distinguish continuous verbs and non-continuous verbs;
4. To write a passage about one of your favorite things from childhood
with correct tenses.
Presentation
Read and say.
New words
hometown
n.家乡；故乡
合成词 n.+ n.
home + town
The picture reminds me of my hometown. I have been away from my hometown for many years. I miss her very much.
这幅画让我想起了我的家乡。我离开我的家乡许多年了，我非常想念她。
Presentation
Let’s watch a video and Find out the sentences about present perfect tense.
Lead in
Pay attention to sentences using
present perfect
tense.
Presentation
Find out the sentences about present perfect tense(现在完成时).
Lead in
NIGEL：Good afternoon. I believe that this is house is for sale.
IAN：That’s right.
NIGEL：May I have a look at it, please
IAN：Yes, of e in.
NIGEL：How long have you lived here
IAN：I’ve lived here ____ twenty years.
NIGEL：Twenty year! That’s long time.
IAN：Yes, I’ve been here _____ 1976.
NIGEL：Then why do you want to sell it
IAN：Because I’ve just retired. I want to buy a small house in the country.
NIGEL：How much does this house cost
IAN：$68,500.
NIGEL：Well, I like the house. but I can’t decide yet. My wife must see it first.
IAN：Women always have the last word.
for
since
present perfect tense with for and since.
Presentation
Practice the conversations in pairs.
Free talk
How long have you had that bike over there
I’ve had it for three years.
Presentation
Practice the conversations in pairs.
Free talk
How long has his son owned the train and railway set
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Presentation
Practice the conversations in pairs.
Free talk
How long have you learned English
I’ve learned English for two years.
Presentation
Practice the conversations in pairs.
Free talk
Have you ever played football
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
Presentation
What tense are they use
Grammar
——The present perfect tense.
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
have/has + 动词的过去分词
Try to find out grammar points!
Presentation
Grammar
—Read the sentences and translate them..
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
你拥有那边那辆自行车多久了
我已经拥有它三年了。
他的儿子拥有这列火车铁轨套装多久了？
自从四岁生日起他就拥有了它。
你曾经踢过足球吗？
是的，我小时候踢过，但我已经有一段时间没踢了。
Read the sentences above and try to find out grammar points.
1：Find adverbials of time beginning with for and since.
2：现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构是什么？
3：用什么疑问词来询问拥有某物品的时间？
Presentation
Grammar
Fill in the blanks according to Grammar focus
1. 那边那辆自行车你骑了多久了？
__________ have you ______ that bike over there
2. 我已经骑了三年了。 I’ve had it ______________.
3. 他的儿子拥有火车和轨道多久了？_________________________ the train and railway set
4. 他从四岁生日时就有了。He’s owned it ____________________.
5. 你踢过足球吗？______________ played football
6. 是的，当我小的时候踢过。但是现在已经有好一阵没有踢过
了。
Yes, I did when I was little, but I _____________ for a while now.
How long
had
for three years
How long has his son owned
since his fourth birthday
Have you ever
haven’t played
Presentation
Grammar
Read the sentences below and try to find out grammar points.
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
1：Find adverbials of time beginning with for and since.
for+一段时间
since+过去的时间点
2：现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构是什么？
疑问词（不作主语）+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他成分
Presentation
Grammar
Read the sentences below and try to find out grammar points.
3：用什么疑问词来询问拥有某物品的时间？
询问拥有时间的疑问词用how long。
How long have you had that bike over there
How long has his son owned the train and railway set
How long have you learned English
I’ve had it for three years.
I’ve learned English for two years.
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
What tense are they use
The present perfect tense.
How to answer
Presentation
Grammar
How to answer
I’ve had it for three years.
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
I’ve learned English for two years.
What can you find
He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.
for+时间段
for+时间段
since+过去的时间点
since+过去时的从句
since+过去时的从句/过去时间点
for+时间段
Can you summarize the rule
I haven’t played for a while now.
for+时间段
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可
能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。可以和表示“从过去某一时
刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+时间段”、“since+过去
时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”。
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present perfect tense.
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
moved here
in 2020
I still live here
I have lived here for three years.
I have lived here since 2020/three years ago.
I have lived here since I moved here.
for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
now
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
How long has Jeff had this bike
bought the bike now
________|_______________________________|__________
2013 2023
10 years
He has had this bike for 10 years.
He has had this bike since 10 years ago.
He has had this bike since 2013.
It is 10 years since he bought this bike.
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
She has learned English for 5 years.(她已经学习五年英语了)
解释：一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去
He has lived in Beijing since he was born.
(自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去Have you stayed here since 3 o'clock
(自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗 )
Presentation
For在现在完成时中的用法
I have stayed in the small town for two days.
The film has been on for 20 minutes.
For+一段时间(累计时间)。
For表示“持续了…”
They haven’t seen each other for a long time.
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
since在现在完成时中的用法
Lily has been away from home since last Friday.
I have lived in Xi’an since 2000.
1.since 后面接”时间点”
(如具体的年月、星期、小时。)
Have you stayed here since 3 o'clock
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
since在现在完成时中的用法
I have stayed in the small town since two days ago.
The film has been on since 20 minutes ago.
2.since 后面接”一段时间 + ago”
They haven’t seen each other since a long time ago.
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
since在现在完成时中的用法
I have been a dad since my daughter was born.
We have been friends since we met in school.
3.since 后面接“一般过去时从句“
It is two years since I became an English teacher.
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
What did you find out
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
从上面的句子可以看出，和现在完成时第二个用法连用的动词是延续性动词。动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
Presentation
Grammar
延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历。
learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, live等
延续性动可以与for和 since引导的时间状语连用:
Eg: He has lived here for 6 years.
(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住)
I have known her since then.
(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都认识,know是延续性动词)
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
Presentation
Grammar
延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die …
---We are late for the movie.
---Wow. The movie has begun.
-They are in the room now.
-They have come into the room.
进来的动作在极短的时间里结束。
-Iphone6 is beautiful. -Sure. Mayun has bought one.
买的动作在极短的时间里结束。
什么是非延续性动词呢？
电影开始的动作在极短的时间里结束。
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
Presentation
Grammar
-He is a famous person, Steve Jobs.
-What a pity. He has died.
死的动作在极短的时间里结束。
They have borrowed some books from the library.
( “借书”这个动作在极短时间结束。)
---Has the door opened ---No, the door has closed
("关门"这个动作在极短时间里结束。)
---Have they joined the League
---Yes, they have joined the League.
( “入团”这个动作很快结束。)
从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了的动词称为非延续性动词也叫“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂动词’)”。
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
Presentation
Grammar
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
I borrowed a book yesterday.
I can keep the book for ten days.
非延续性动词：
延续性动词：
What can you find
非延续性动词
和时间点连用
yesterday
two years ago
at 5 o’clock
...
延续性动词
和时间段连用
for+一段时间
since+过去的时间
since+时间点名词+ago
...
Presentation
Grammar
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
He has died for two years. (X)
He has been dead for two years. (√)
I have bought the bike for 2 months. (X)
I have had/owned the bike for 2 months. (√)
非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：
I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。
He hasn’t come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。
I haven’t heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
非延续性动词不能与现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的时间状语连用。
Presentation
Grammar
延续性动词VS非延续性动词
延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
非延续性动词不能和现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的一段时间连用，我们可以把非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
1.转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。
borrow —keep buy — have put on — wear catch a cold — have a cold
get to know —know go to sleep—sleep move to—live in come—stay
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed open — be open die — be dead leave — be away get to/arrive/reach — be (in)
return—be back join—be in\a go—be off come\arrive—be here
fall asleep—be asleep fall ill—be ill become—be a\an end\finish—be over
make friends—be friends marry—be maried go to bed—be in bed
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
电影开始十分钟了。
开始时间：9:30 a.m
现在时间：9:40 a.m
The movie has begun for 10 minutes.
The movie has been on for 10 minutes.
买的时间：2017.12
现在时间：2023.05.
Iphone6 买了6年半了.
Mayun has bought one for six and a half years .
Mayun has had one for six and a half years.
×
Steve Jobs去世9年了.
He has died for 9 years .
He has been dead for 9 years
×
非延续性动词不能和现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的一段时间连用，我们可以把非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
借书时间：2023.04
现在时间：2023.05.
They have borrowed some books from the library for a month .
They have kept the books from the library for a month. ( 他们借书一个月了。)
上学时间：2022.09.01
现在时间：2023.05.
She has already become a student for almost a year.
She has already been a student for almost a year.
(她成为学生差不多一年了 。)
×
关门时间：10:00
现在时间：10:06.
The door has closed for 6 minutes .
The door has been closed for 6 minutes (门关了6分钟了。)
×
×
Presentation
Grammar
Learn the second usage of the present
perfect tense.
例:下面是句子的同义句转换,将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
He went to school two hours ago.(一般过去时)
I borrowed the book five days ago.
get to/ arrive in(at)\ reach-be in+地点
He has been in school for two hours.
(现在完成时，将go to school变为be in school, for+时间段)
He has been in school since two hours ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
borrow借(短暂)-keep保存(延续)
I have kept the book for five days.
I have kept the book since five days ago.
3. She fell asleep one hour ago.
fall asleep入睡(短暂)—be asleep睡着的(状态)
She has been asleep for one hour.
She has been asleep since one hour ago.
Presentation
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
They have not eaten for ten hours.
I have had a camera since 2009.
I have known Anna for three years/since three years ago.
Linda has been ill since Monday.
4a. Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
做题策略：
找出并确定句子的时间状语
Presentation
4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I ______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2.They__________________(never own) any pets, but they ______________________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We_______ (have) a piano since last November. We _______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy _______________(not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ____ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum ________ (be) here for over 20 years. It _____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
have never been
go
have never owned
have always wanted
have had
bought
haven’t been
miss
has been
提示：根据句意和时间状语提示词，决定句子时态和动词形式
is
Presentation
4c. Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
1. Do you have a(n) ______________ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n) _______________ How long have you owned it
Things How long
Tony favorite book for two years
basketball since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
Make a survey
For example:
My friend Jenny has a train set. She has owned it since she was two years old.
My classmate Tony has a football T-shirt. He has had it for three years. ……
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