北京市第十九中学 2023-2024 学年
高二年级第二学期期中练习英语
（考试时长 90 分钟 满分 100 分)
本试卷共 8 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用 （共两节，30 分）
第一节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be__________1__________, but in vain. My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the______2______of my job as a music teacher, I thought—teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was______3______inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: “Put your heads on the desks and close your eyes! We are going on a journey.”
____4____, the children fell silent. “Now what should I do ” I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I blindly___5___, put it in the machine and played it. Obediently (顺从地) , my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and_____6_____. When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were______7______. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their______8______slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.
At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to teach. The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the______9______and, most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that_______10_______in the classroom could have.
1. A. glad B. safe C. kind D. quiet
2. A. end B. aim C. rule D. plan
3. A. guessing B. shaking C. responding D. laughing
4. A. Punctually B. Importantly C. Amazingly D. Obviously
5. A. passed one on B. gave one back C. turned one in D. took one out
6. A. slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued
7. A. talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening
8. A. legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
9. A. unprepared B. unspoken C. unknown D. unforgotten
10. A. games B. music C. tears D. knowledge
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一次上音乐课的经历，通过改变教学方式，“失控课堂”即可变成“乐学”课堂，同时作者也告诉读者音乐的力量在于它使人们能够相互理解。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个没有经验的老师，我想尽一切办法让他们安静下来，但没有成功。A. glad高兴的；B. safe安全的；C. kind善良的；D. quiet安静的。由上文的“mainly boys with various learning difficulties，refused to settle for the start of the lesson”和下文的“the children fell silent”可知，一开始孩子们拒绝安心开始上课（说明孩子们很吵闹），所以作为老师的作者，想让他们安静下来。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为音乐教师的工作到头了，教学不适合我。A. end结束；B. aim目标；C. rule规则；D. plan计划。由下文的“I thought—teaching was not for me”可知，作者认为教学不适合自己，所以觉得音乐教师这一工作要结束了、到头了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：希望没有人注意到我内心在发抖，我把声音尽量往外抛：“把头放在桌子上，闭上眼睛！我们要去旅行。”A. guessing猜测；B. shaking颤抖；C. responding响应；D. laughing嘲笑。由上文的“My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.”可知，作者很恐慌、心脏在狂跳，说明作者内心并不平静，在颤抖。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊奇的是，孩子们安静了下来。A. Punctually准时地；B. Importantly重要地；C. Amazingly令人惊奇地；D. Obviously明显地。由上文语境和“Put your heads on the desks and close your eyes! We are going on a journey.”可知，一开始作者想尽办法都不能让孩子们安静下来，可作者说了“把头放在桌子上，闭上眼睛！我们要去旅行。”这句话后，孩子们就安静下来，这很令作者惊讶。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我伸手去拿我收藏的CD，盲目地拿出一张，放进机器里播放。A. passed one on传递；B. gave one back回馈；C. turned one in上交；D. took one out拿出、取出。由上文的“Reaching over to my collection of CDs”和下文的“put it in the machine and played it”可知，作者伸手去拿收藏的CD并播放了，说明作者拿出了一张CD。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：顺从地，我们班的学生把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛等着。A. slept睡觉；B. nodded点头；C. waited等待；D. continued继续。由上文的“my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes”和下文的“When the music started”可知，音乐还未开始，孩子们把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛是为了等着听音乐。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的孩子都在听。A. talking谈话；B. singing唱歌；C. dancing跳舞；D. listening倾听。由上文的“my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and_____6_____.”可知，作者班上的孩子们都把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛，这是为了等着听音乐，说明所有的孩子都在听。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐结束后，我让他们慢慢抬起头来，这样我们就可以分享我们的音乐之旅。A. legs腿；B. heads头；C. arms手臂；D. shoulders肩膀。由上文的“my class lay their heads on their desks”可知，听音乐前，班上的孩子们都把头靠在课桌上，所以听完后，作者让孩子们抬起头来。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：音乐让我明白了教学是关于分享和尊重，眼泪和微笑，知道和未知，最重要的是，相互理解。A. unprepared无准备的；B. unspoken默契的；C. unknown未知的；D. unforgotten牢记的。由上文的“tears and smiles”可知，眼泪和微笑是一对反义词，此处用unknown和前文形成对比。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是教室里音乐所能拥有的力量。A. games游戏；B. music音乐；C. tears眼泪；D. knowledge知识。由上文语境可知，作者想尽办法都不能让孩子们安静下来，而音乐瞬间使孩子们安静下来，并让作者也明白了教学是什么，这体现了教室里音乐所能拥有的力量。故选B项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Music comes in different styles and forms. But my favorite music genre is jazz, and it is smooth and relaxing. Whenever I am tired or _____11_____desperation, I listen to jazz on my cell phone. In no time, I find myself ____12____(relax). Even when I study, I also play jazz as background music. In the last few years, my days ____13____(brighten) due to jazz.
【答案】11. in 12. relaxed
13. have been brightened
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在最喜欢的音乐类型是爵士乐，因为它流畅而放松。在过去的几年里，作者的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：每当我累了或绝望的时候，我就用手机听爵士乐。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语in desperation“在绝望中，处于绝望状态中”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词in的填入。故填in。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：很快，我发现自己放松了。根据句意可知，此处为形容词relaxed“感到放松的”作宾语补足语，满足句意要求。故填relaxed。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语In the last few years可知，此处为现在完成时，主语my days单数名词和动词brighten为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been brightened。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chinese poetry is an essential part of Chinese culture,____14____ reflects the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of Chinese people through the ages. The forms and styles of Chinese poetry have undergone (经历) many changes, but its beauty and power have always been preserved. One of the ____15____ (significant) features of Chinese poetry is its use of rhyme and meter. ____16____ (combine) with the use of imagery and symbolism, these elements make Chinese poetry unique and unforgettable.
【答案】14. which
15. most significant
bined
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国诗歌作为文化瑰宝，穿越时代映照国人情思，其韵律美与象征意象的独特融合，成就了不可磨灭的艺术魅力与深远影响。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国诗歌是中华文化的重要组成部分，它反映了世代中国人的情感、思想和经历。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：中国诗歌最重要的特点之一是押韵和韵律的运用。这里要求填入significant“重要的”的适当形式来修饰features。由于“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是一个固定结构，用于表达“最……之一”，因此需要将significant变为最高级形式most significant。故填most significant。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与意象和象征手法的结合，这些元素使得中国诗歌独特且难以忘怀。本句谓语为make，此处为非谓语动词，且combine“（使）结合”与逻辑主语these elements之间是被动关系，故用现在分词形式combining，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Combined。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly two decades have passed since China ____17____(send) the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), ____18____ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging ____19____ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____20____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
【答案】17. sent
18. forming
19. services
20. launched
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。结合in 2000可知，since引导的时间状语时态用一般过去时，谓语用send“发送”的过去式。故填sent。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）。本句谓语为were sent，此处为非谓语动词，form“形成”与其逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作结果状语。故填forming。
【19题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。service“服务”为可数名词，根据上文positioning, navigation, timing and messaging可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
【20题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。这里是with复合结构，即“with+宾补+宾补”，因为Beidou satellites“北斗卫星”和launch“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作宾补。故填launched。
第二部分：阅读理解 （共两节，38 分）
第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.
The Azores
The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that s studying the animals to support future conservation of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea Egypt
Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The experience includes free accommodations with Wi Fi and a swimming pool.
Romania
Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal well-being and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.
21. What do the first two trips have in common
A. Both involve underwater activities.
B. Both provide free accommodations.
C. Both require advanced diving experience.
D. Both teach how to use scientific equipment.
22. Which place best suits a girl who likes horses
A. The Azores. B. Red Sea. C. Australia. D. Romania.
23. Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania
A. They have no food. B. They are badly treated.
C. They should be monitored. D. They need to live in mountains.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处旅游地点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Azores部分的“The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water.(这些旅程提供了与著名科学家一起从事精心挑选的项目的机会，同时也享受与一些世界上最迷人的海洋生物在水中相遇的乐趣。)”和Red Sea, Egypt部分的“Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort(既是世界级潜水的机会，也是重要研究工作的一部分)”和“The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.(7个晚上的旅行包括学习如何用最先进的科学设备收集水数据，以及进行船上和水下实验。)”可知，两者都有水下活动。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Australia部分的“Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger.(探索澳大利亚昆士兰，同时也支持一个注册的慈善机构，该机构拯救农场动物，使它们免受虐待、忽视和危险。)”可推知，这里可能有马，最适合喜欢马的女孩，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused.(在罗马尼亚最大的熊保护区和熊一起工作，这里是被虐待的熊的天堂。)”可知，这些熊会被罗马尼亚的保护区收养是因为它们受到虐待。故选B。
B
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A. To get a different experience.
B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.
C. To give up her job as a science communicator.
D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
25. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class
A. She formed her own idea quickly.
B. She came up with lots of creative responses.
C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
26. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ________.
A. explain the process of using the method
B. prove the benefits of the improvisation class
C. share her own research experiences with readers
D. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class
27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A. They should attend the improvisation class.
B. They should question all preconceived ideas.
C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D. They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.”（作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此，这似乎是一个学习如何有效地与他人交谈和沟通的绝佳机会。我报名了，因为我知道这段经历会给我帮助）可知，因为作者打算的完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，需要提高与他人交谈和沟通的能力，但她一个安静害羞的女孩，她参加即兴交流课是想要提高自己的交谈和沟通的能力，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.”（最初的几个场景很难，但随着上了几个月课后，我变得更舒服了，甚至开始享受我们的课程。我变得更善于倾听，更善于与我的谈话伙伴交流，也更善于在这一刻清晰地沟通）可知，在上了几周课后，作者变得更善于倾听，更善于与谈话伙伴交流，也更善于清晰地沟通，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.”（在上课之前，当我的实验产生意想不到的数据时，我会被卡住，觉得自己犯了一个错误。但是现在，我不会灰心，而是会对结果是真实的可能性保持开放态度，继续探索数据，最终发现一种新类型的细胞——一种不符合预期的细胞）和最后一段关键句“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”（我认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益）可知，运用了“yes, and”方法，让作者在进行科学实验的过程中受益，她会对意想不到的结果持开放态度，继续研究，最终有了意想不到的科学发现，她认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益，由此可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.””（如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就有必要了解犀牛是否是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是去挑战支持一个事先形成的描述的数据，而是说“yes, and”）可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪，由此可知，从最后一段可以推断出科学家应该通过接受早期数据进行研究。故选C项。
C
Small batteries are big problems, but nobody really pays attention to where they end up. Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory are working to address this problem. Their new research paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode, a negatively charged side called an anode, and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质) between the two. A traditional battery’s components are enclosed in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte.
Sustainable materials were a precondition for the researchers who considered only safe and plentiful ingredients to create their device. “We were fairly confident that we would have something that would work in the end, but developing these materials and ink systems is challenging,” says Gustav Nystr m, senior author of the study.
After trying hundreds of formulations for the battery components, the researchers settled on a graphite ink to make the cathode, a zinc ink for the anode, and salt-filled paper to create the electrolyte.
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow. Once the paper is dampened, the battery activates within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists re-wet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
Although the researchers demonstrated that their battery could power an alarm clock, the paper batteries are unlikely to replace standard ones on store shelves. Nystr m envisions a future where these paper batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years. “The performance that you see on this device, I think, is enough for a lot of other applications already,” he says. It is mostly a matter of increasing production and integrating the batteries into systems such as diagnostic tests and environmental sensors.”
28. How is the paper battery similar to the standard battery
A. The key components are environmentally friendly.
B. They are both packaged in plastic and metal.
C. They both have two charged sides and an electrolyte.
D. Both batteries can operate for only an hour.
29. ________ is the condition for the paper battery to work.
A. Heating the salt B. Charging the electrons
C. Drying out the battery D. Wetting the paper
30. Nystr m will most likely agree with the prediction that ________.
A. major technological breakthrough will be made in the near future
B. all home appliances will be powered by paper batteries
C. the future for a wide application of paper batteries is not far off
D. paper batteries will have longer shelf life than traditional ones
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种科研新成果：由环保材料开发的水活化纸电池，这种电池最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的更有害电池的可持续替代品。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode, a negatively charged side called an anode, and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质) between the two.(纸电池的关键部件与标准电池相同，但包装方式不同。就像一个典型的化学电池一样，它有一个带正电的一面叫做阴极，一个带负电的一面叫做阳极，在两者之间有一种叫做电解质的导电材料)”可知，新型电池和传统电池一样，都有正负电极和电解质。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte. (在这种新型电池中，阳极和阴极是印在一张纸的正面和背面的墨水。那张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。得到的盐水溶液充当电解质)”可知，新型纸电池是纸被浸湿才会发挥作用。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nystr m envisions a future where these paper batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years.( Nystr m设想未来，这些纸电池可以在未来两到五年内进入产品，投入使用)”可推测，Nystr m认同这个预测——这种电池的广泛应用不会太久远。故选C项。
D
A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing lion. The lion shrugged the tourist off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong.
Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or even put down, regardless of whether they were only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone.
“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more ‘likes’ they get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes a disappearance of common sense.
“There’s a worrying lack of awareness that animals several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thrill for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”
“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”
31. What can we learn about reckless behaviour around wildlife
A. It may get animals killed for defending themselves.
B. It may bring more profits to a tourist destination.
C. It enables tourists to get intimate with animals.
D. It harms tourists more than animals.
32. As for Mossbacher’s opinion on what drives people’s reckless behavior, the author is______.
A. sympathetic B. disapproving C. indifferent D. doubtful
33. What does the underlined word “cocky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. over-sensitive. B. over-confident C. over-frightened. D. over-shocked.
34. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Punishment rather than education can stop people taking silly risks around wildlife.
B. Parks are expected to take more responsibilities for educating tourists.
C. More regulation of the tourist industry is the key to raising tourists’ awareness.
D. Raising tourists’ awareness means stressing the danger of animals to them.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了游客面对野生动物时变得越来越鲁莽这一现象的原因并提出解决这一问题的建议。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or even put down, regardless of whether they were only defending themselves. (人可能会被攻击、咬伤，甚至可能被杀死，而动物可能会被伤害、移走或杀死，不管它们是否只是在自卫)”可知，人类鲁莽的的行为可能会导致会让动物因为自卫而被杀死。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Mossbacher的话“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media. (游客在野生动物周围变得越来越鲁莽，问题的根源是社交媒体)”可知，Mossbacher认为社交媒体是游客面对野生动物时越来越鲁莽的根本原因，根据第四段中“Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. (然而，社交媒体并不完全是罪魁祸首。人们总是为了体验而冒险)”可知，作者认为Mossbacher的表述并不完全准确，作者认为游客的鲁莽行为也可许是从于人类的本性。所以他对Mossbacher的观点持怀疑态度。故选D项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. (人们总是为了体验而冒险。自人类诞生以来，在危险动物面前愚蠢的行为和cocky倾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒险是人类的本性，结合并列词组“Foolish behavior”可推知，“cocky”也是一种鲁莽的、不理性的表现，意为“傲慢的，鲁莽的，过于自信的”。A. over-sensitive过于敏感的；B. over-confident过于自信的；C. over-frightened过于害怕的；D. over-shocked过度震惊的。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. (我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中““People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. (非洲野生动物基金会负责物种保护和科学的副主席菲利普·穆鲁蒂说：“人们没有接受教育，不知道为什么他们需要远离野生动物，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自由自在。”)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选B项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn’t true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells’ growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, and jogging, to your regular routine. ____35____
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. ____36____ You can do some yoga, read your favorite books, or listen to relaxing music.
____37____
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain’s health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
____38____ It’s also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can’t socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you’re an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you’re a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day’s stresses while you sleep. ____39____ You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in substances that do good to brain cells.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain’s health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，随着年龄的增长，大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给出了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。
【35题详解】
空前“Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, and jogging, to your regular routine. (在你的日常生活中加入一些有氧运动，比如游泳、健步走和慢跑。)”提到增加一些有氧运动，如游泳、快走和慢跑。E项“For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week. (例如，你可以每天慢跑30分钟，每周5天。)”是对空前提到的建议的举例说明，前后联系密切。故选E。
【36题详解】
空前“Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. (减轻压力和给你一种幸福感的活动可以促进新脑细胞的生长。)”建议做能够减轻压力、带来幸福感的活动。D项“Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day. (试着每天做一些能给你带来快乐和帮助你放松的事情。)”承接上文。D项中的“bring you pleasure”和空前的“give you a sense of well-being”对应，“help you relax”和空前的“reduce stress”对应。故选D。
【37题详解】
本空是本段小标题。本段“Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain’s health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish. (富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止对当前脑细胞的损害，并促进新的健康细胞的生长。Omega-3脂肪酸也有助于改善大脑健康。在你的饮食中加入大量的健脑食物，比如植物油、坚果、绿茶、蓝莓和富含脂肪的鱼。)”提到一些促进大脑发育的食物。B项“Eat foods rich in substances that do good to brain cells. (吃富含对脑细胞有益的物质的食物)”能够总结概括该段内容。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据本段小标题“Maintain an active social life. (保持积极的社交生活。)”以及空后句“It’s also good for your brain. (这对你的大脑也有好处。)”可知，本段建议保持积极的社交生活，由空后的also可推断出空处说的应该也是社交生活的好处。故A项“Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable. (和朋友在一起不仅仅是享受。)”符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
空前“Your brain heals itself of the day’s stresses while you sleep. (在你睡觉的时候，你的大脑会自愈白天的压力。)”是睡眠对大脑的好处之一。G项“It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories. (它还会处理你白天获得的信息，帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。)”与之并列，进一步说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。且G项中的“It”指的就是“睡眠”。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达 （共两节，32 分）
第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.”
So how can someone else’s perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.
Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike.
To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence.
The takeaway lesson is simple: If you want to build empathy, try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own.
40. What does the author think can help develop empathy
___________________________________________________________________________________
41. How does reading fiction light up our mind
___________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
___________________________________________________________________________________
43. In addition to the benefits mentioned above, what do you think are some other benefits of reading fiction (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Reading fiction.
41 By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about.
42. Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
43. 言之有理即可，如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阅读小说有助于培养同理心。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“So how can someone else's perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.(那么，别人观点和情绪如何才能变得真实到足以让我们产生同理心呢？阅读小说可能会提供一个答案)”可知， 作者认为阅读小说有助于培养同理心。故答案为Reading fiction.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you're reading about.(换句话说，阅读小说会激活大脑，其方式是复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动)”可知，阅读小说通过复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动来激活大脑。故答案为By copying the neural (神经) activities of the experience we’re reading about.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction.(一项研究评估了一个人仅根据面部表情判断他人情绪的能力，结果显示，读小说的人得分高于不读小说的人和读非小说的人)”可知，比起不读小说的人和读非小说的人，读小说的人凭面部表情能更好地判断他人的情绪，故本句应在“Non-readers and readers of nonfiction”下划线，因为Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone(读小说的人仅凭面部表情能更好地判断别人的情绪)。故答案为Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.·Fiction readers can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
【43题详解】
考查开放题型。本题是开放题型，要求写出阅读小说还有哪些好处，言之有理即可，注意字数。如Reading fiction helps us develop our brains. The human brain can work well when we just do regular things, like driving or walking. However, it performs more effectively when an element of surprise is added, because this helps build connections in the brain.
第二节 （20 分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，下一届青运会（The Youth Games ）将在你们城市举行，现在正在招募志愿者，你想成为其中一员，请你用英文给组委会写一封电子邮件，内容应包括：
1. 自我介绍；
2. 申请理由；
3. 自身优势.
注意:1.100 词左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文1：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua. I’m writing to apply to work as a volunteer for the Youth Games.
I am a girl of 17, a senior two student now. I have a strong desire to be a volunteer because I hope to improve myself and gain some social experience by doing this job. There is no doubt that I’ll offer the best service to the people at the Games.
I’m sure that I can do the work well. Firstly, I’m good at communicating with others. Secondly, I’m always ready to help those in need. Besides, knowing the city well will be helpful for the volunteer work.
I would appreciate it if you could accept me. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文2：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a 17-year-old female student in Grade 11 at Hongxing High School. I am writing to express my keen interest in volunteering for the upcoming Youth Games in our city.
I believe that volunteering for such a significant event will enhance my personal growth and provide valuable social experience. With excellent communication skills, a helpful nature, and in-depth knowledge of our local area, I am confident that I will be a valuable addition to your team.
I am eager to contribute to the success of the Games and hope to be granted the opportunity to serve as a volunteer. Thank you for considering my application.
Looking forward to your favorable reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文3：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a seventeen-year-old female student currently in Grade Two at Hongxing High School. I am writing to express my keen interest in becoming a volunteer for the upcoming Youth Games in our city.
I am eager to apply as a volunteer for several reasons. Firstly, I believe that volunteering for such a significant event would be an excellent opportunity for me to develop myself and gain valuable social experience. It is a chance to contribute to the success of the Games while also learning new skills and meeting people from diverse backgrounds.
Moreover, I possess several qualifications that make me a suitable candidate for this role. I excel in communication, which is crucial for interacting effectively with participants, visitors, and fellow volunteers. I am also a naturally helpful individual, always ready to lend a hand where needed. Additionally, being familiar with the local area, I can provide useful information and assistance to those unfamiliar with our city.
I am confident that my enthusiasm, dedication, and skills will contribute significantly to the smooth operation of the Youth Games. I would be honored to be a part of this exciting event and help create a memorable experience for all involved.
Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to serve as a volunteer and contribute to the success of the Youth Games.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于下一届青运会（The Youth Games ）将在你们城市举行，现在正在招募志愿者，你想成为其中一员这一情况，用英文给组委会写一封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高，增强：enhance→ improve
提供：provide→ offer
渴望做某事：be eager to do→ long to do sth
机会：opportunity→ chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My name is Li Hua, a 17-year-old female student in Grade 11 at Hongxing High School.
拓展句：My name is Li Hua, who is a 17-year-old female student in Grade 11 at Hongxing High School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe that volunteering for such a significant event will enhance my personal growth and provide valuable social experience.（运用了从属连词that引导的宾语从句。）
【高分句型2】With excellent communication skills, a helpful nature, and in-depth knowledge of our local area, I am confident that I will be a valuable addition to your team.（运用了with的介词短语作状语以及从属连词that引导的宾语从句。）北京市第十九中学 2023-2024 学年
高二年级第二学期期中练习英语
（考试时长 90 分钟 满分 100 分)
本试卷共 8 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用 （共两节，30 分）
第一节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be__________1__________, but in vain. My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the______2______of my job as a music teacher, I thought—teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was______3______inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: “Put your heads on the desks and close your eyes! We are going on a journey.”
____4____, the children fell silent. “Now what should I do ” I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I blindly___5___, put it in the machine and played it. Obediently (顺从地) , my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and_____6_____. When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were______7______. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their______8______slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.
At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to teach. The music allowed me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and the______9______and, most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that_______10_______in the classroom could have.
1. A. glad B. safe C. kind D. quiet
2. A. end B. aim C. rule D. plan
3. A. guessing B. shaking C. responding D. laughing
4. A. Punctually B. Importantly C. Amazingly D. Obviously
5. A. passed one on B. gave one back C. turned one in D. took one out
6. A. slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued
7. A. talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening
8. A. legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
9. A. unprepared B. unspoken C. unknown D. unforgotten
10. A. games B. music C. tears D. knowledge
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Music comes in different styles and forms. But my favorite music genre is jazz, and it is smooth and relaxing. Whenever I am tired or _____11_____desperation, I listen to jazz on my cell phone. In no time, I find myself ____12____(relax). Even when I study, I also play jazz as background music. In the last few years, my days ____13____(brighten) due to jazz.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chinese poetry is an essential part of Chinese culture,____14____ reflects the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of Chinese people through the ages. The forms and styles of Chinese poetry have undergone (经历) many changes, but its beauty and power have always been preserved. One of the ____15____ (significant) features of Chinese poetry is its use of rhyme and meter. ____16____ (combine) with the use of imagery and symbolism, these elements make Chinese poetry unique and unforgettable.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly two decades have passed since China ____17____(send) the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), ____18____ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging ____19____ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____20____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
第二部分：阅读理解 （共两节，38 分）
第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
For many travelers these days, finding a way to make travel more meaningful has become a top priority. They are increasingly pursuing journeys that include time to volunteer, work on a conservation project, protect endangered animals or to do other activities that allow for giving back while exploring a new part of the world. Here are some opportunities that combine travel with doing good deeds.
The Azores
The trips offer the opportunity to work on carefully selected projects alongside famous scientists while also enjoying encounters with some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures in water. It allows participants to join a research team in the Azores that s studying the animals to support future conservation of the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea, Egypt
Combining an opportunity for world-class diving with being part of an important research effort conducted by Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association. The seven-night trip includes learning how to gather water data with state -of- the -art scientific equipment and conducting onboard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explore Queensland, Australia, while also supporting a registered charity that rescues farm animals from abuse, neglect, and situations where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning of barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, monitoring animals’ movements, and intensive care of ill, old and baby animals. The experience includes free accommodations with Wi Fi and a swimming pool.
Romania
Work with bears at Romania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven for bears that have been abused. Located in the Carpathian Mountains, the sanctuary needs volunteers to help with preparing food, monitoring animal well-being and leading conservation tours. The sanctuary is home to 84 bears, with 20 more due to be rescued.
21. What do the first two trips have in common
A. Both involve underwater activities.
B. Both provide free accommodations.
C. Both require advanced diving experience.
D. Both teach how to use scientific equipment.
22. Which place best suits a girl who likes horses
A. The Azores. B. Red Sea. C. Australia. D. Romania.
23. Why are the bears adopted by the sanctuary in Romania
A. They have no food. B. They are badly treated.
C. They should be monitored. D. They need to live in mountains.
B
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A. To get a different experience.
B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.
C. To give up her job as a science communicator.
D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
25. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class
A. She formed her own idea quickly.
B. She came up with lots of creative responses.
C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
26. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ________.
A explain the process of using the method
B. prove the benefits of the improvisation class
C. share her own research experiences with readers
D. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class
27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A. They should attend the improvisation class.
B. They should question all preconceived ideas.
C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
C
Small batteries are big problems, but nobody really pays attention to where they end up. Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory are working to address this problem. Their new research paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode, a negatively charged side called an anode, and a conductive material called an electrolyte (电解质) between the two. A traditional battery’s components are enclosed in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte.
Sustainable materials were a precondition for the researchers, who considered only safe and plentiful ingredients to create their device. “We were fairly confident that we would have something that would work in the end, but developing these materials and ink systems is challenging,” says Gustav Nystr m, senior author of the study.
After trying hundreds of formulations for the battery components, the researchers settled on a graphite ink to make the cathode, a zinc ink for the anode, and salt-filled paper to create the electrolyte.
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow. Once the paper is dampened, the battery activates within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists re-wet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
Although the researchers demonstrated that their battery could power an alarm clock, the paper batteries are unlikely to replace standard ones on store shelves. Nystr m envisions a future where these paper batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years. “The performance that you see on this device, I think, is enough for a lot of other applications already,” he says. It is mostly a matter of increasing production and integrating the batteries into systems such as diagnostic tests and environmental sensors.”
28. How is the paper battery similar to the standard battery
A. The key components are environmentally friendly.
B. They are both packaged in plastic and metal.
C. They both have two charged sides and an electrolyte.
D Both batteries can operate for only an hour.
29. ________ is the condition for the paper battery to work.
A. Heating the salt B. Charging the electrons
C. Drying out the battery D. Wetting the paper
30. Nystr m will most likely agree with the prediction that ________.
A. major technological breakthrough will be made in the near future
B. all home appliances will be powered by paper batteries
C. the future for a wide application of paper batteries is not far off
D. paper batteries will have longer shelf life than traditional ones
D
A video circulated on social media earlier this year, showing a tourist opening the door of a vehicle, reaching out an arm and attempting to stroke a passing lion. The lion shrugged the tourist off, but it could have easily gone horribly wrong.
Reckless behaviour around wildlife risks the safety of both people and animals. People risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and possibly killed, while animals can be harmed, removed or even put down, regardless of whether they were only defending themselves. Animal attacks can also cast a destination in a negative light, causing temporary closures or scaring off visitors. All just so someone could boast that they had stroked a lion or captured a moment on a camera phone.
“Tourists are getting more and more reckless around wildlife and the source of the problem is social media.” says wildlife photographer Anette Mosshachers. “People risking their lives or doing stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and followers, something to show off on social media,” says Mossbacher. “The greater the risk, the more ‘likes’ they get. With some clients, it seems like a sickness or addiction.”
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes a disappearance of common sense.
“There’s a worrying lack of awareness that animals several times our size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife photographer David Lloyd. “I don’t think parks are doing enough to raise awareness. Tourists need to know how their presence can affect wildlife. A good example is cheetahs (猎豹) on vehicle rooftops. It may be a thrill for the bystanders, but the consequences if a mother cheetah falls off would be severe. She would no longer be able to hunt, so her cubs could easily starve.”
“People aren’t getting the education about why they need to stay away from wildlife, including avoiding diseases, keeping people secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president of species conservation and science for the African Wildlife Foundation. “We need to educate tourists through signs, pamphlets and frontline drivers. We should stick to guidelines, and there needs to be enforcement through the law.”
31. What can we learn about reckless behaviour around wildlife
A. It may get animals killed for defending themselves.
B. It may bring more profits to a tourist destination.
C. It enables tourists to get intimate with animals.
D. It harms tourists more than animals.
32. As for Mossbacher’s opinion on what drives people’s reckless behavior, the author is______.
A. sympathetic B. disapproving C. indifferent D. doubtful
33. What does the underlined word “cocky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. over-sensitive. B. over-confident C. over-frightened. D. over-shocked.
34. What can we conclude from the passage
A. Punishment rather than education can stop people taking silly risks around wildlife.
B. Parks are expected to take more responsibilities for educating tourists.
C. More regulation of the tourist industry is the key to raising tourists’ awareness.
D. Raising tourists’ awareness means stressing the danger of animals to them.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn’t true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells’ growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, and jogging, to your regular routine. ____35____
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. ____36____ You can do some yoga, read your favorite books, or listen to relaxing music.
____37____
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain’s health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
____38____ It’s also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can’t socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you’re an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you’re a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day’s stresses while you sleep. ____39____ You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn’t just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in substances that do good to brain cells.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain’s health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
第三部分：书面表达 （共两节，32 分）
第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The capacity for empathy — to first identify and then understand and share in someone else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet, there is a knowledge problem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why As poet John Keats put it, “Nothing ever becomes real until it is experienced.”
So how can someone else’s perspective (视角) and emotions ever become real enough for us to develop empathy Reading fiction may provide an answer.
Studies show that when you read fiction, it not only activates the language processing center of the brain but also increases global flow in the brain. It speeds up the part involved in physical movement and areas of the brain linked to sensory experiences. In other words, reading fiction lights up the brain in ways that copy the neural (神经) activities of the experience you’re reading about. For example, if you read a well-written passage about a character hiking through the wilderness, your brain reacts as if you’re on that hike.
To really cultivate empathy, you need to be internally more aware of and connected to those around you. And again, reading fiction is associated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses one’s ability to determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone, showed that fiction readers scored higher than non-readers and readers of nonfiction. The researchers assumed that reading fiction allows people to practice taking on someone else’s perspective and thus improves their social awareness. This suggests that reading fiction improves one’s theory of mind and emotional intelligence.
The takeaway lesson is simple: If you want to build empathy try reading more fiction, more often — especially fiction by and about people whose experiences are different from your own.
40. What does the author think can help develop empathy
___________________________________________________________________________________
41. How does reading fiction light up our mind
___________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why
Non-readers and readers of nonfiction can better determine someone else’s emotions based on their facial expression alone.
___________________________________________________________________________________
43. In addition to the benefits mentioned above, what do you think are some other benefits of reading fiction (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （20 分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，下一届青运会（The Youth Games ）将在你们城市举行，现在正在招募志愿者，你想成为其中一员，请你用英文给组委会写一封电子邮件，内容应包括：
1. 自我介绍；
2. 申请理由；
3 自身优势.
注意:1.100 词左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
