2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：定语从句(译林版2020)
一、概述
1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1. who的用法(指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。)
The person who talked to me was one of my classmates.和我交谈的那个人是我的一个同学。(主语)
He is the man who I turn to for help very much.他就是我求助的那个人。(宾语)
2. whom的用法
Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。(who/whom 可以省略)
The old man to whom a medal is awarded is very inspiring.这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。(whom不能省略)
3. which的用法(指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。)
The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。(主语)
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(定语)
4. that的用法(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。)
The number of people that/who visit the city reaches one million every year.每年参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。(主语)
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the speech competition.特纳先生递交的报告是关于演讲比赛的。
(宾语，可以省略)
He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。(表语)
5. whose的用法(whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。)
He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。(先行词是物)
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(先行词是人)
归纳： whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替：
I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule.
我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。
6. as 的用法。(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，先行词被the same, such和so 修饰。)
In the last exam, he made the same mistake as you made. 在上次考试中，他犯了和你一样的错误。
【易错点提示】
1.关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。
(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。
(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。
(4)当先行词既指人又指物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。
Who is the man that came to rescue you in this disaster 在这次灾难中救你的人是谁
(6)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
2.只能用which，不能用that的情况：
(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day.我们的老师通常每天布置家庭作业，第二天在课堂上背诵。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的
积蓄。
(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.
到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。
3. one of＋复数名词和the only one of＋复数名词作先行词的时候
(1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。
三、关系副词的基本用法
1. 关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated going to school.曾有一段时间我不愿意去上学。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去上大学的那天。
2. 关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津] 有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需用where引导。
You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。
3. 关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him 你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party 你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
【名师点津】
1.关系词的3个作用
关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2.关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.这位天才钢琴家回到了他长大的城市。(where在从句中作状语)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.这位天才钢琴家回到了他去年去过的城市。(that或which在从句中作visited的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
1.(2024浙江1月高考)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.
【答案】that/ which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2.(2023北京高考)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ________ thousands were
attending a water conference.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3.(2023 全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
【答案】as
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏盐城·期末)There is a danger of entering a cycle of highs and lows ________ more and more comfort food, high in carbohydrates, needs to be eaten.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有进入高潮和低谷循环的危险，在这个循环中需要吃越来越多的高碳水化合物的安慰食物。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词是cycle，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
5.(2022-2023学年江苏天一中学下学期期末)He is such a good boy ________ everyone likes.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是大家都喜欢的好孩子。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的的定语从句，先行词a good boy在从句中作宾语成分，此外当先行词有such，so，as时，关系词应用as。故填as。
6.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏南通·期末)In a word, we have now reached a point ________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总而言之，我们现在已经达到了一个我们希望欣赏和理解文学的时刻。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰a point，从句中作抽象地点，用关系副词where，故填where。
7.(2022-2023学年江苏南通高一下学期·期末)In a society ________ being thin is often seen as beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个通常视瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来减肥。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a society，先行词在从句中作地点状语，空处应用关系副词where。故填where。
8.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)A moral dilemma is a situation in ________ you have two or more difficult choices to make.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的艰难选择要做。句中先行词为
situation，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，所以用关系副词where或介词in +关系代词which引导定语从句。根据句意，故填which。
9.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)God help those ________ help themselves.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天助自助者。空格后的部分为定语从句，修饰先行词those，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词those在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who。故填who。
10. (2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)I will always remember the scene ________ all people were moved to tears.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我会永远记得那个所有人都感动得流下眼泪的场景。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the scene，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere ________ enables us to study attentively and harmoniously.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。
2. Wolves are highly social animals ________ success depends upon cooperation.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
3. The building ________ we are looking at used to be a hospital.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。
4. I’m sure there are all kinds of historic sites ________ cultural relics need to be protected.
【答案】whose/where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我相信有各种各样的历史遗迹，其中的文物需要保护。空处引导定语从句，先行词是historic sites，关系词在从句中作定语，和cultural relics之间是所属关系，应用whose引导；关系词也可在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填whose/where。
5. In the future, scientists plan to use sustainable supplies of cells ________ can be maintained in the lab.
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：将来，科学家们计划使用可在实验室中维持的可持续的细胞供应。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“sustainable supplies of cells”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
6. It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials ________ protect items during shipping.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它被用于各种产品，从保持饮料冷热的杯子，到在运输过程中保护物品的包装材料。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是packaging materials，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
7. Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, ________ is also the final joint rehearsal.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西昌卫星发射中心总工程师钟文安表示，他们已经完成了发射前最广泛的彩排，这也是最后一次联合彩排。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词rehearsal，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8. This is the reason ________ he gave me for his being late.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
9. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
10. Someone ________ is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有能力的人有做好某件事所必需的技能或品质。定语从句修饰someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。
11. The country’s highest honor is given to those ________ have made great contributions to the development of the People’s Republic of China.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：国家的最高荣誉授予了那些为中华人民共和国的发展做出巨大贡献的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词those指人，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who，故填 who。
12. The student coming from the country was starving for the friendship from those ________ come from the city.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：来自农村的学生渴望得到来自城里同学的友谊。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词those。先行词those指代“那些学生”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
13. In New York and Paris, it’s not hard to spot fancy local shops selling White Rabbit merchandise to dedicated fans of foreign consumers ________ too have hopped on the bandwagon.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在纽约和巴黎，不难发现当地的高档商店向外国消费者的忠实粉丝出售大白兔的商品，这些外国消费者也加入了这一潮流。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“fans of foreign consumer”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
14. I’m curious about the person with ________ Mr. Smith is talking.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我对正在和史密斯先生谈话的那个人很好奇。the person为先行词，指人，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作with的宾语，只能用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。
15. (2023-2024学年高一上·山东济宁·期末)I encountered an old friend from ________ I had parted for many years.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我遇到了一位与我分开多年的老朋友。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词from的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
16. She memorized an ancient poem ________ name I didn't know.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她背诵了一首我不知道名字的古诗。定语从句修饰先行词poem，在从句作定语，应用whose。故填whose。
17. Some people ________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies.
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
18. He is not half such a fool ________ they thought.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他远非他们认为的那么傻。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a fool，先行词前有such修饰，应用关系代词as做引导词，从句中省略了he was，as是作表语。故填as。
19. He is such a person ________ is respected by all of us.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是我们大家都尊敬的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a person，先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且前面有such修饰，所以需要关系代词as引导定语从句。故选as。
20. The Bird’s Nest is such a fantastic building ________ attracts a great many tourists.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：鸟巢是一座神奇的建筑，吸引了许多游客。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a fantastic building，且先行词前有such修饰，所以应用as引导。故填as。
21. The man with ________ I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和我握手的那个人是我女儿的英语老师。此处是“with+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词whom，故填whom。
22. The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through ________ he could see what is happening outside.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个顽皮的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到外面发生的事情。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词through+关系代词引导的定语从句，代替先行词hole在从句中作through的宾语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。
23. He opens a door ________ which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
【答案】through
【详解】考查介词。句意：他打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力进入了一个新世界，一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的世界。分析句子可知，此处用“介词+关系词”引导定语从句，“通过”使用介词through，先行词是door，关系词在从句中作介词through的宾语。故填through。
24. The people ________ whom Mr Smith associates are all highly respectable.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：与史密斯先生交往的人都很受人尊敬。此处考查固定搭配：associate with意为“与…交往”，此处是介词+关系代词引导定语从句，所以将介词+关系代词提前。故填with。
25. (2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·阶段练习)The laboratory ________ which they worked had poor air quality.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。分析句子结构可知，本句是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词laboratory，根据后文的worked可知，此处应是固定搭配：work in意为“在……中工作”，先行词作从句中作in的宾语。故填in。
26. Here we are at the beautiful bell tower for ________ the village is famous.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们来到了美丽的钟楼，这个村庄以它而闻名。分析句子结构可知，此处是介词for+关系代词引导的定语从句，从句缺介词的宾语，先行词是“bell tower”，指物，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
27. The park offers visitors a sight of nature at ________ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个公园为游客提供了一个大多数人从来没有机会看到的自然景观。在定语从句缺少介词at后的宾语，且先行词为a sight of nature，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
28. I will tell you the way ________ you can study English well, because I know the way ________ you have accepted is not the best.
【答案】that/in which/不填; that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我会告诉你怎样才能学好英语，因为我知道你接受的方式不是最好的。空1处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是way，表示“(做某事)的方法，方式”，作状语，应用that或in which引导，或省略引导词；空2处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是way，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填①that/in which/不填；②that/which。
29. I met my schoolmate near the supermarket in ________ I often go shopping with mum.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在经常和妈妈去购物的超市附近遇到了我的同学。分析可知。空格处和空前的介词in引导限制性定语从句，先行词supermarket是“超市”，因此空格处用which，故填which。
30. I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen ________ which readers’ comments kept popping up.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词+关系代词。句意：我和凯西站在一起，她抬头看着屏幕，上面不断冒出读者的评论。在屏幕上为on the screen，所以本句为on which 引导的限制性定语从句。故填on。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. You could study ________________(动物的生长方式)and how they act.
【答案】the way animals grow
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可以研究动物的生长方式和他们是如何行动的。根据中文提示，研究的对象是“方式”，也就是way，“动物的生长”可以处理为一个定语从句，来修饰way，由于way是特殊先行词，所以关系代词可以直接省略，所以“动物的生长方式”可以翻译为the way animals grow。根据act可知，句子用了一般现在时，故答案是the way animals grow。
2.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江湖州·开学考试)Henry told me that ________________(曾经有一段时间) he stayed up every night.
【答案】there was a time when
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：亨利告诉我，有一段时间他每晚都熬夜。“曾经有一段时间”为固定句型there was a time when...，其中when引导定语从句。故填There was a time when。
3.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, ________________(这个组织运作一个阻止……的项目，两个定语从句) world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
【答案】which runs a program that prevents/which runs a programme that prevents
【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词。句意：也许最好的例子是联合国教科文组织，它运作一个阻止世界各地的世界文化遗产消失的项目。根据所给提示可知，空处含非限制性定语从句，对先行词UNESCO作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词，谓语“运作”可用动词run，且此处介绍通常性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，主语为单数，run应用第三人称单数形式，宾语“一个项目”可用名词a program/programme；“阻止……的”是修饰program/programme的成分，可用关系代词引导定语从句，该先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that作引导词，谓语“阻止”应用动词prevent，构成固定短语prevent…from…，且此处也介绍通常性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，主语为单数，prevent也应用第三人称单数形式。故填which runs a program/programme that prevents。
4.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)Written Chinese has also become an important means ________________(通过它中国的现在与其过去连接起来-定语从句).
【答案】by which China’s present is connected with its past
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词an important means，表示“通过”应用介词by，关系词作介词的宾语，指物，应用which；从句主语为China’s present；表示“连接”短语为be connected with，后跟名词短语its past，作宾语。根据语境可知从句时态为一般现在时，结合先行词an important means，be动词用is。故填by which China’s present is connected with its past。
5. He wrote a letter ________________(在信中他解释了发生的事情) in the accident.
【答案】in which he explained what had happened
【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。分析句子可知，空处应引导定语从句，修饰先行词letter，先行词在从句中作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which，从句中主语“他”he，谓语“解释”explain，由wrote可知，定语从句中应用一般过去时，explain应用过去式，“发生的事”用what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中做主语，谓语“发生”happen这个动作发生在explained之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填in which he explained what had happened。
6. I am looking forward to the day ________________(那时我女儿能读懂这本书) and know my feelings for her.
【答案】when my daughter can read this book
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读这本书并了解我对她的感情。分析句子可知，空处应引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用when来引导，从句主语“我女儿”my daughter，情态动词“能”can，后接动词原形“读”read，宾语“这本书”this book。故填when my daughter can read this book。
7. I agree with most of what you said, but I ________________(并不同意你讲的一切).
【答案】don’t agree with everything that you said
【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。句意：我同意你说的大部分，但我不同意你说的全部。空处表示“并不同意你讲的一切”，根据前一句中agree with可知，句子为一般现在时，主语为I，助动词用don’t表示否定，“同意一切”译为agree with everything，表示“你讲的”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，译为you said，表示过去所说，用一般过去时，先行词为不定代词，作从句said宾语，用关系代词that引导从句。故填don’t agree with everything that you said。
8.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东江门·阶段练习)There comes the time ________________ to study. (每个人都不遗余力地…). (用定语从句)
【答案】when everyone spares no effort
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，代词，连词，短语和时态。句意：每个人都不遗余力地学习的时候来了。表示“每个人”应用代词everyone；表示“不遗余力地”应用动词短语spare no effort；分析句子结构和意思可知，“每个人都不遗余力地学习”是time的定语，从句基本成分完整，先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时。故答案为when everyone spares no effort。
9. My mother was so proud of all ________________(我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
【答案】that I had done/I had done
【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。句意：我妈妈为我所做的一切感到骄傲，她奖励我去北京旅行。分析句子结构，“我所做的”是定语从句，修饰先行词all，在从句中作宾语，修饰不定代词all要用关系代词that引导且that可省略，结合句意，我做的事情发生在母亲自豪之前，过去的过去，所以此处句中使用过去完成时，且主语I与do之间为主动关系，所以此处应为 (that) I had done。故填(that) I had done。
10. ________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法) prove to be practical.(way)
【答案】The way I thought of to solve the problem
【详解】考查定语从句以及动词不定式。句意：事实证明，我想的解决这个问题的方法是切实可行的。分析句子可知，本句的主语是“我所想到的解决这个问题的方法”，“方法”的英文是way，“我所想到的”是一个定语从句，修饰“方法”， 引导词是that或which，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略；“想到”的英文是think of，因为本句的时态是一般过去时，所以think of要用过去式thought of；“解决这个问题”的英文是solve the problem，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。因此本题的答案为The way I thought of to solve the problem。故填The way I thought of to solve the problem。
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. (改为省略句)
→________________ yesterday is well worth reading.
【答案】The book he borrowed
【详解】考查定语从句的省略。句意：他昨天借的那本书很值得一读。分析句子结构可知，that在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。故填The book he borrowed。
2. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→________________ was red and very painful.
【答案】The burn she got from the iron
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她被熨斗烫到的地方又红又痛。此处定语从句修饰brun，关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，关系代词可省略。故填The burn she got from the iron。
3. There’s a note saying when the shop will open again.
→There’s a note ________________ when the shop will open again.
【答案】that says
【详解】考查定语从句、主谓一致。句意：有张纸条上写着商店什么时候重新开门。分析句子结构可知，note后可用限制性定语从句，先行词是note，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且主句用there be句型，应用关系代词that引导；根据There’s可知，句子时态用一般现在时，且that代替note作主语，谓语用第三人称单数says。故填that says。
4. The teacher standing at the school gate is Mr Wang.
→The teacher ________________ at the school gate is Mr Wang.
【答案】who stands/that stands
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：站在学校门口的老师是王先生。“standing at the school gate ”是现在分词作定语，可使用定语从句替换，修饰teacher，从句中作主语，指人，可用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，指代the teacher是单数，谓语动词stand用单数，根据句意和is可知，用一般现在时，故填who/that stands。
5. Students should get actively involved in afterclass activities. They can gain experience for social communication.
→Students should actively involve themselves in afterclass activities ________________. (定语从句)
【答案】where they can gain experience for social communication/in which they can gain experience for social communication
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该积极参加课外活动。他们可以从中获得社会交往的经验。根据提示，将“他们可以获得社会交往的经验”处理为定语从句，代替先行词activities在从句中作抽象的地点状语，表示“在这些活动中”，应用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”in which作引导词。故填where/in which they can gain experience for social communication
6. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ________________.
【答案】where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些案例。初学英语的人在某些情况下不能正确使用英语。根据句子要求可知，这里需要合成定语从句，先行词为a number of cases，在从句beginners of English fail to use the language properly中作地点状语，所以可用关系副词where或者in which。故填where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly。
7. The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
→The boy ________________ is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
【答案】that/who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。原句中现在分词短语playing football on the playground作修饰boy的后置定语，表主动意义，转换后的句子中空后为谓语动词，因此空处是引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词boy，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who作引导词。故填that/who。
8. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
【答案】It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature./It was written by the Indian poet Tagore that was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它是印度诗人泰戈尔写的，他是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。分析原句可知，两个简单句中均含有名词Tagore，所以将Tagore作为先行词，主句为It was written by the Indian poet Tagore，第二句作为从句，Tagore在第二句中作主语指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who或者that替换Tagore引导定语从句置于Tagore之后。故答案为：It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who/that was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
9. Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. (用关系代词或副词合并)
【答案】The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：很多人都喜欢读这本诗集。原因是他们能感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。分析可知，本句可以用The reason why … is that …连接两个句子，其中The reason是主语，且为先行词，用why引导其后的定语从句，is为系动词，其后为that引导的表语从句，故将句子合并为The reason why many people love to read this collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
10. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. (用关系代词或副词合并)
【答案】The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最初的诗是从一个母亲的角度写的，她爱她的孩子在玩耍和休息，在欢笑和泪水中。此处合并为定语从句修饰先行词mother，在从句作主语，指人，故用who引导。故改为The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：定语从句(译林版2020)
一、概述
1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1. who的用法(指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。)
The person who talked to me was one of my classmates.和我交谈的那个人是我的一个同学。(主语)
He is the man who I turn to for help very much.他就是我求助的那个人。(宾语)
2. whom的用法
Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。(who/whom 可以省略)
The old man to whom a medal is awarded is very inspiring.这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。(whom不能省略)
3. which的用法(指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。)
The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。(主语)
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(定语)
4. that的用法(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。)
The number of people that/who visit the city reaches one million every year.每年参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。(主语)
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the speech competition.特纳先生递交的报告是关于演讲比赛的。
(宾语，可以省略)
He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。(表语)
5. whose的用法(whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。)
He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。(先行词是物)
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(先行词是人)
归纳： whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替：
I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule.
我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。
6. as 的用法。(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，先行词被the same, such和so 修饰。)
In the last exam, he made the same mistake as you made. 在上次考试中，他犯了和你一样的错误。
【易错点提示】
1.关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。
(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。
(3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。
(4)当先行词既指人又指物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。
(5)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。
Who is the man that came to rescue you in this disaster 在这次灾难中救你的人是谁
(6)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
2.只能用which，不能用that的情况：
(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day.我们的老师通常每天布置家庭作业，第二天在课堂上背诵。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的
积蓄。
(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.
到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。
3. one of＋复数名词和the only one of＋复数名词作先行词的时候
(1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。
三、关系副词的基本用法
1. 关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated going to school.曾有一段时间我不愿意去上学。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去上大学的那天。
2. 关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津] 有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需用where引导。
You reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。
3. 关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him 你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party 你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
【名师点津】
1.关系词的3个作用
关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。
2.关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.这位天才钢琴家回到了他长大的城市。(where在从句中作状语)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.这位天才钢琴家回到了他去年去过的城市。(that或which在从句中作visited的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
1.(2024浙江1月高考)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money.
【答案】that/ which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2.(2023北京高考)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ________ thousands were
attending a water conference.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3.(2023 全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
【答案】as
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏盐城·期末)There is a danger of entering a cycle of highs and lows ________ more and more comfort food, high in carbohydrates, needs to be eaten.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有进入高潮和低谷循环的危险，在这个循环中需要吃越来越多的高碳水化合物的安慰食物。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词是cycle，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
5.(2022-2023学年江苏天一中学下学期期末)He is such a good boy ________ everyone likes.
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是大家都喜欢的好孩子。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的的定语从句，先行词a good boy在从句中作宾语成分，此外当先行词有such，so，as时，关系词应用as。故填as。
6.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏南通·期末)In a word, we have now reached a point ________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总而言之，我们现在已经达到了一个我们希望欣赏和理解文学的时刻。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰a point，从句中作抽象地点，用关系副词where，故填where。
7.(2022-2023学年江苏南通高一下学期·期末)In a society ________ being thin is often seen as beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个通常视瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来减肥。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a society，先行词在从句中作地点状语，空处应用关系副词where。故填where。
8.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)A moral dilemma is a situation in ________ you have two or more difficult choices to make.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的艰难选择要做。句中先行词为
situation，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，所以用关系副词where或介词in +关系代词which引导定语从句。根据句意，故填which。
9.(2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)God help those ________ help themselves.
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天助自助者。空格后的部分为定语从句，修饰先行词those，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词those在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who。故填who。
10. (2022-2023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)I will always remember the scene ________ all people were moved to tears.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我会永远记得那个所有人都感动得流下眼泪的场景。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the scene，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere ________ enables us to study attentively and harmoniously.
2. Wolves are highly social animals ________ success depends upon cooperation.
3. The building ________ we are looking at used to be a hospital.
4. I’m sure there are all kinds of historic sites ________ cultural relics need to be protected.
5. In the future, scientists plan to use sustainable supplies of cells ________ can be maintained in the lab.
6. It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials ________ protect items during shipping.
7. Zhong Wen’ an, chief engineer at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, said they had completed the most extensive rehearsal before launch, ________ is also the final joint rehearsal.
8. This is the reason ________ he gave me for his being late.
9. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
10. Someone ________ is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well.
11. The country’s highest honor is given to those ________ have made great contributions to the development of the People’s Republic of China.
12. The student coming from the country was starving for the friendship from those ________ come from the city.
13. In New York and Paris, it’s not hard to spot fancy local shops selling White Rabbit merchandise to dedicated fans of foreign consumers ________ too have hopped on the bandwagon.
14. I’m curious about the person with ________ Mr. Smith is talking.
15. (2023-2024学年高二上·山东济宁·期末)I encountered an old friend from ________ I had parted for many years.
16. She memorized an ancient poem ________ name I didn't know.
17. Some people ________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is where their happiness lies.
18. He is not half such a fool ________ they thought.
19. He is such a person ________ is respected by all of us.
20. The Bird’s Nest is such a fantastic building ________ attracts a great many tourists.
21. The man with ________ I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher.
22. The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through ________ he could see what is happening outside.
23. He opens a door ________ which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
24. The people ________ whom Mr Smith associates are all highly respectable.
25. (2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·阶段练习)The laboratory ________ which they worked had poor air quality.
26. Here we are at the beautiful bell tower for ________ the village is famous.
27. The park offers visitors a sight of nature at ________ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.
28. I will tell you the way ________ you can study English well, because I know the way ________ you have accepted is not the best.
29. I met my schoolmate near the supermarket in ________ I often go shopping with mum.
30. I joined Casey, who was looking up at the screen ________ which readers’ comments kept popping up.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. You could study ________________(动物的生长方式)and how they act.
2.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江湖州·开学考试)Henry told me that ________________(曾经有一段时间) he stayed up every night.
3.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, ________________(这个组织运作一个阻止……的项目，两个定语从句) world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
4.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)Written Chinese has also become an important means ________________(通过它中国的现在与其过去连接起来-定语从句).
5. He wrote a letter ________________(在信中他解释了发生的事情) in the accident.
6. I am looking forward to the day ________________(那时我女儿能读懂这本书) and know my feelings for her.
7. I agree with most of what you said, but I ________________(并不同意你讲的一切).
8.(2023-2024学年高一上·广东江门·阶段练习)There comes the time ________________ to study. (每个人都不遗余力地…). (用定语从句)
9. My mother was so proud of all ________________(我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
10. ________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法) prove to be practical.(way)
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. (改为省略句)
→________________ yesterday is well worth reading.
2. The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
→________________ was red and very painful.
3. There’s a note saying when the shop will open again.
→There’s a note ________________ when the shop will open again.
4. The teacher standing at the school gate is Mr Wang.
→The teacher ________________ at the school gate is Mr Wang.
5. Students should get actively involved in afterclass activities. They can gain experience for social communication.
→Students should actively involve themselves in afterclass activities ________________. (定语从句)
6. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ________________.
7. The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
→The boy ________________ is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
8. It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
9. Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. (用关系代词或副词合并)
10. The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears. (用关系代词或副词合并)
