2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：过去将来时 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 主谓一致(译林版2020)
过去将来时
(一)概述：过去将来时描述从过去某一时间看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某个状态。
(二)过去将来时的常见结构及其用法
1. would+动词原形
(1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。
He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。
(2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。
Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。
(3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。
If I were you，I would not do that.
要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。
2. “was/were going to+动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。
She was not going to do anything that evening.
那天晚上她不准备做任何事。
3. “was/were about to+动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。
We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily.我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。
4. “was/were to+动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
【温馨提示】
1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。
I asked her whether she was coming to the party.我问她是否要来参加晚会。
He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。
2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
特别提醒：第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
【温馨提示】
"Sb. be about to do... when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。
I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.
我正要离开，突然有人敲门。
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
结构
形式/时态 现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态
肯定式 主语+have/has been done 主语+am/is/are+being done
否定式 主语+have/has not been done 主语+am/is/are+not being done
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done？ Am/Is/Are (not)+主语+being done？
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are (not)+主语+being done？
用法
(一)现在进行时的被动语态
1. 表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
It is said that the water in the lake is not being protected at the moment.
据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
以这样的速度捕杀这些动物，它们很快就会消失。
Who is being selected for the coming English speech contest
谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？
3. 表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感
彩。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。
He is always being, praised by the teacher.
他总是被老师表扬。
4. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.
吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。
5. 现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hold,take 等)。
A birthday party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。
6. 有些“介词+名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。
请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。
The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。
The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。
【温馨提示】短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。
The plan is being carried out well.计划进展顺利。
Make sure all patients are being taken care. of.确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。
(二)现在完成时的被动语态
1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经被修好了。
The professor hasn’t been sent for yet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生)
--Has her homework been finished up till now 到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？
--Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了)
2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
How long has this film been shown
这部电影已经放映多长时间了？
3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。
[点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
【易混辨析】现在完成时和一般现在时的区别
在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
动作发生的时间 可对现在有无影响
一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无
现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
主谓一致
(一)、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。
The results of the exam are to be announced soon.
考试结果将很快被公布。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
2. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Reading aloud is good for us to learn English.
大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
When we can go out freely has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。
3. 复合不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
If anyone sees Mary，ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽，请她到我办公室来。
4. “many a+单数名词/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多学生进了教室。
More than one student wants to join the army.
不止一个学生想参军。
(二)意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指形单意复的名词或形复意单的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。
1. 当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
The police are searching for the missing child.
警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two miles is too far for the child.
两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rich are to help the poor.
富人要帮助穷人。
4. 表示某国人总称的词，如：the Chinese，the British等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are hard-working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
5. 以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
对许多学生来说，政治是一门很难的学科。
The news that he passed the test is exciting.
他通过测试的消息激动人心。
6. 单复数同形的词sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词单复数与实际意义一致。
3 sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
A sheep is lying there.
一只羊正躺在那里。
【温馨提示】如果and连接两个"every/each +名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl in our class has made great progress.
我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。
(2)"all/most/half/the rest/... + of +名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
He got back home, finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
(三)就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。
2. 在there be/here be 句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
(四)主谓一致的几个难点
1. 并列主语的主谓一致
(1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
(2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
(3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work.
所有人都在工作。
2. 主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。
3. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.
在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体)
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.
他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)
(2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。
These trousers need washing.
这些裤子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
这条裤子是她的。
4. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。
About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
(2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.
讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。
(3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生人数很多。
5. “one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written in French.
这是其中一本用法语写的书。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
一定 看时间标志词、时态 语境、并列谓语及固定句型确定主语和谓语
二定 之间的关系是主语态动还是被动依据三原则确
三定 定谓语动词的主谓一致单复数形式
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学·期末)He promised me if we won the game, he ________(buy) us a round of drinks.
【答案】would buy
【详解】考查时态。句意：他答应我，如果我们赢了比赛，他就请我们喝一轮酒。根据句中时态可知，表示过去的时态。结合句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句，用一般过去时表示过去的将来，主句用过去将来时。故填would buy。
2.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏淮安·期末)When Nadim invited me to his sister’s wedding, I knew it ________(will) be the opportunity of a lifetime.
【答案】would
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当纳迪姆邀请我参加他姐姐的婚礼时，我知道这将是一个千载难逢的机会。分析句子可知，空处应填will的某种形式和be构成从句的谓语动词；根据主句为一般过去时可知，从句用与过去相关的时态，再结合句意可知是过去将来时。故填would。
3.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏南京·期末)Standing inside ________(be) lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes, who seemed very frightened and worried.
【答案】were
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：站在里面的是许多奇怪的生物，他们有着白色的皮肤和黑色的大眼睛，看起来非常害怕和担心。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话是全倒装结构，表语位于句首Standing inside，主语是lots of strange creatures，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时，be动词用were。故填were。
4.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏镇江·期末)Nobody but Betty and Marry ________(be) late for class yesterday, which surprised all of us.
【答案】was
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了贝蒂和玛丽，昨天上课没人迟到，这使我们大家都很吃惊。nobody but用单数谓语动词，结合后文surprised可知为一般过去时。故填was。
5.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学·期末)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________(give) a warm
welcome when returning to the village last week.
【答案】was given
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，as well as连接主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语保持一致，所以此处谓语动词应和Amy保持一致，由last week可知，句子应用一般过去时，且主语Amy和动词give“给”是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was given。故填was given。
6.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏镇江·期末)At present, large amounts of farming land ________(destroy) at an alarming speed.
【答案】are being destroyed
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，大量的耕地正在以惊人的速度被破坏。由“At present”可知，句子时态用现在进行时，耕地被破坏，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，farming land被amounts of修饰，谓语动词用复数，因此空格处是are being destroyed。故填are being destroyed。
7.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏阜宁·期末)It is not open to the public yet, but preparations ________(make) presently for the reopening.
【答案】are being made
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它还没有对公众开放，但目前正在为重新开放做准备。此处缺乏谓语，主语preparations与谓语动词make间是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据presently(目前)可判断使用现在进行时，因此填现在进行时的被动语态(am/is/are being done)，主语preparations是单复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being made。
8.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学期末)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuild).
【答案】is being rebuilt
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。because引导的从句中主语是house，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数，且主语和谓语动词rebuild之间是被动关系，结合句意可知表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态。故填is being rebuilt。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Our headmaster said that there ________(be) a sports meeting next month.
【答案】would be
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们校长说下个月将有一次运动会。根据主句谓语said和从句时间状语next month可知，从句系动词be应用过去将来时，表示从过去的角度看将要发生的事情。故填would be。
2. Last Sunday he promised he ________(come) but he hasn’t arrived until now.
【答案】would come
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上星期天他答应来的，可到现在还没有到。promised后面为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，结合promised和but he hasn’t arrived until now可知，表示相对于过去将要发生的动作，此处使用过去将来时。故填would come。
3. --What did your son say in the letter
--He told me that he ________(visit) the Disney World the next day.
【答案】would visit
【详解】考查时态。句意：--你儿子在信里说了什么？--他告诉我他第二天要去迪斯尼乐园。分析句子可知，句子为that引导的宾语从句，主句为一般过去式，根据从句中the next day可知，从句动作为从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，句式为“主语+would+动词原形”，“visit”意为“参观”，动词词性，故填would visit。
4. We were not sure whether they were going ________(grow) more vegetables.
【答案】to grow
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们不确定他们是否会种植更多的蔬菜。根据句意和前文were not sure及were going可知，此处应用to grow和前文were going构成过去将来时。故填to grow。
5. Father said that he ________(take) me to Beijing the next year.
【答案】would take
【详解】考查时态。句意：父亲说第二年他要带我去北京。设空处在宾语从句中作谓语，根据前文said和后文the next year可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去看将要发生的事情。故填would take。
6. I hoped Tina ________(come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
【答案】would come
【详解】考查时态。句意：我希望蒂娜下周三能准时来参加我的生日聚会。根据前文hoped和后文the next Wednesday可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。故填would come。
7.From the time I met Alicia, I knew she ________ the next big thing in the technology world. (be)
【答案】would be
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：从我见到艾丽西娅的那一刻起，我就知道她将成为科技界的下一个大人物。分析句子结构可知，本句是省略that的宾语从句，be作从句谓语，根据next big thing可知，应用将来时，根据knew知，用过去将来时。故填would be。
8.When the Internet first appeared, few people believed that it ________(become) popular.
【答案】would become
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当互联网刚出现的时候，很少有人相信它会变得流行起来。过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，构成为：would+动词原形。动词become意为“变得”。根据语境和believed可知，that引导的宾语从句时态用过去将来时。故填would become。
9.Tom was my leader and he promised that he ________(help)me if necessary.
【答案】would help
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆是我的领导，他答应必要时他会帮助我。分析句子可知，此处为谓语
动词的填入，由主句动词promised可知，此处也要用相应的过去时态，结合句意可知，从句表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，为would do。故填would help。
10. I didn’t know when she ________(come), but when she came I would let you know.
【答案】would come
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你的。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，此处动词come应发生在将来，结合主句动词didn’t know可知，此处应为过去将来时。故填would come。
11.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建福州·期中)The site ________(develop) by a French company at present.
【答案】is being developed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，该网站正在由一家法国公司开发。develop作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，根据时间状语at present可知，用现在进行时，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，主语The site为第三人称单数。故填is being developed。
12.Don’t call Marry. She ________(interview) right now.
【答案】is being interviewed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：别给玛丽打电话。她现在正在接受采访。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据语境“Don’t call Marry.”以及时间状语“right now”可知，玛丽现在正接受采访，且interview与主语she之间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is being interviewed。
13. (2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)In order to be a completely car-free city, almost half of the street-level parking spaces ________(remove) at present.
【答案】are being removed
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：为了成为一个完全没有汽车的城市，目前几乎一半的街道停车位正在被拆除。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句中时间状语at present可知，此处应用现在进行时态，表示动作正在进行。主语parking spaces与动词remove是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填are being removed。
14. The fire has got to the fifth floor. Have all the people ________(save)
【答案】been saved
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：大火已经蔓延到五楼。所有的人都得救了吗？主语people和动词save之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据句意和句中的have可知，应该用现在完成时。故填been saved。
15. Poachers ________(punish) strictly, deterring wildlife crimes.
【答案】are being punished
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：偷猎者受到严厉惩罚，遏制了野生动物犯罪。由deterring wildlife crimes可知，句子表示“偷猎者正在受到严厉惩罚”，空格处用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语Poachers是复数，因此空格处是are being punished。故填are being punished。
16.(23-24高一下·重庆长寿·期中)Up to now, more than 90 rooms ________(decorate) with the valuable paintings.
【答案】have been decorated
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已有90多个房间装饰着这些珍贵的画作。主语rooms和动词decorate之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Up to now可知应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填have been decorated。
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东茂名·期中)So far, this novel ________(translate) into several languages.
【答案】has been translated
【详解】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这部小说已经被翻译成多种语言。结合So far可知，translate“翻译”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，由此可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，动词translate与主语this novel之间是动宾关系，因而需用现在完成时的被动语态，又因主语this novel是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been translated。
18.A large amount of money ________(raise) for charity so far.
【答案】has been raised
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，已经为慈善事业筹集了一大笔钱。根据时间状语“so far”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语A large amount of money和raise为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been raised。
19.(2023-2024学年高一下·山东济宁·期中)Large amounts of money ________(spend) in rebuilding the old temple in the last two years.
【答案】have been spent
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年中，为了重建这座古庙花费了大量的资金。spend作本句谓语，根据时间状语in the last two years可知，用现在完成时，主语是money，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been spent。
20.(23-24高一下·重庆九龙坡·阶段练习)The temple ________(build) for two years and it is still in construction.
【答案】has been built
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这座寺庙已经建成两年了，目前仍在建设中。主语temple与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文for two years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been built。
21.As far as I know, a large amount of money ________ spent on the construction of the school last year.
【答案】was
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据我所知，去年学校的建设花了一大笔钱。a large amount of“大量的”，修饰不可数名词，谓语使用单数形式，主语money和spend之间是被动关系，根据last year可知句子使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was。
22.(23-24高一下·山东日照·期中)The work of the charity ________(fund) by voluntary donations.
【答案】is funded/was funded
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：慈善机构的工作是由自愿捐款资助的。空处在句中充当谓语。
主语为The work of the charity，和fund之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。这里既可表示过去，也可表示现实情况，所以可用一般过去时或一般现在时，且be动词应用was或is。故填is funded或was funded。
23.(2023-2024学年高一下·山东济宁·期中)My teacher as well as my classmates ________(be) friendly to me when I first came to the new school.
【答案】was
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我第一次来到新学校时，我的老师和我的同学都对我很友好。空处缺少谓语，结合came可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语为teacher，be动词用was。故填was。
24.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·期中)Nowadays, cycling, along with swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best activities.
【答案】is regarded
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：如今，骑自行车和游泳一起被认为是最好的运动之一。主语cycling与谓语构成被动关系，结合Nowadays可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。此处遵循就远原则，故填is regarded。
25.Over the past years, Han Zheming, a Shanghai resident, ________(manage) to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups.
【答案】has managed
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，上海居民韩哲明(音译)不断完善这一技艺，创造出了用杯子制作的茶艺。根据所给时间状语“Over the past years”可知，需用现在完成时，主语为Han Zheming，助动词用has。故填has managed。
26.Since the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议) ________(propose), the ancient city has once again drawn attention as a gateway to opening up to the outside world.
【答案】was proposed
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：自从“一带一路”倡议提出以来，这座古城作为对外开放的门户再次受到关注。主语“the Bet and Road Initiative”和谓语“propose”之间为被动关系，用被动语态，since 意为“自从”, 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填 was proposed。
27.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)Up till now, the Yellow River ________(raise) 13 dynasties’ capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties’ capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in its area—Zhengzhou.
【答案】has raised
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：迄今为止，黄河流域曾有13朝的都城洛阳、8朝的都城开封和该地区最大的经济中心郑州。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Up till now可知，此处为现在完成时，raise与主语the Yellow River之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以此处使用has raised。故填has raised。
28.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏无锡·期中)He is a lovable physicist who ________(involve) in defining the workings of the universe.
【答案】is involved
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：他是一位可爱的物理学家，参与了对宇宙运行规律的定义。空格处是who引导的定语从句中的谓语，be involved in是固定短语，意为“参与”，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语who指代的先行词physicist是单数，因此空格处是is involved。故填is involved。
29.A virtual choir ________(able) them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.
【答案】enables
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：虚拟合唱团使他们能够将自己的声音加入其他人的声音，并成为全球社区的一部分。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，应用动词enable，意为“使能够”，enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够做某事”，且此处介绍一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语A virtual choir为单数，enable应用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。
30.It is reported that this organization ________(raise) over 1,000,000 dollars to help students in remote mountainous areas so far.
【答案】has raised
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，到目前为止，这个组织已经筹集了100多万美元来帮助偏远山区的学生。根据时间状语“so far”可知，从句谓语动词raise使用现在完成时，主语为this organization，助动词用has。故填has raised。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. Antelopes now are being ________ ________(保护，照管)day and night by volunteers.
【答案】watched out
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：羚羊现在被志愿者日夜看守着。表示“保护；照管”应用动词短语watch out，由句意及空前的Antelopes now are being可知此处表示动作正在进行且主语Antelopes与watch out之间为被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填watched out。
2.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东深圳·阶段练习)As technology advances, traditional manufacturing processes are being ________ ________(转化) automated systems.
【答案】transformed into
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：随着科技的进步，传统的制造工艺正在转变为自动化系统。根据所给汉语提示可知，空格处应用transform，transform...into...表示“把……转化为……”，结合空格前are being以及句意可知，应用现在进行时的被动，所以空格处应填transformed into。故填①transformed ②into。
3.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建莆田·期末)In this way a lot of animal homes ________(正在被破坏).
【答案】are being destroyed
【详解】考查动词。句意：就这样，许多动物的家园正在被破坏。结合“animal homes”可知，“破坏”应用动词destroy，侧重彻底的、很难或者不能修复的破坏，且此处表示动作正在进行中，时态应用现在进行时，destroy和主语a lot of animal homes之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用are。故
填are being destroyed。
4. The city will take on a new look as many roads and streets ________(正在拓宽或重建).
【答案】are being widened or rebuilt
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：由于许多道路和街道正在拓宽或重建，这座城市将呈现新的面貌。“拓宽”使用动词widen，“重建”使用动词rebuild，主语“roads and streets”和动词“widen”以及“rebuild”之间是被动关系，且此处指正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用are。故填are being widened or rebuilt。
5. The man ________(正在被警察盘问) because of his ridiculous behavior.
【答案】is being questioned by the police
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：这个人因为他荒唐的行为正在被警察盘问。“盘问”使用动词question，“警察”使用名词police，police是集体名词，表示一群人，结合句意可知，此处指正在发生的事情，且主语man和动词question之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词用is，故填is being questioned by the police。
6.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江·期中)This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been ________ ________(收割).
【答案】gathered in
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：这个重要的农业节日发生在所有的庄稼收割完毕之后。根据汉语提示可知是固定短语gather in，和前面的have been构成现在完成时的被动语态，故填gathered in。
7.Most buildings ________(配备) with qualified fire alarm systems so far.
【答案】have been equipped
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：到目前为止，大多数建筑物都配备了合格的火灾报警系统。根据汉语提示可知，此处可用动词短语equip…with…的被动形式be equipped with，表示“配备有……；装有……”，结合“so far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Most buildings是复数，助动词应用have。故填have been equipped。
8.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)________(不仅购物被改变) since the invention of the Internet, but also social communication has been taken over by the Internet.
【答案】Not only has shopping been changed
【详解】考查倒装句和并列连词。句意：自从互联网发明以来，不仅购物发生了变化，而且社会交流也被互联网所接管。根据提示的汉语，表示“购物”应为shopping作主语，表示“改变”应为change，根据时间状语“since the invention of the Internet”可知，此处使用现在完成时，且change与句子主语shopping之间为被动关系，主语为单数意义，所以谓语动词应为has been changed，所以，表示“购物被改变”应为shopping has been changed，表示“不仅”应为not only，位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，即将助动词has移至主语shopping之前，即not only has shopping been changed，not位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Not only has shopping been changed。
9.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)It is not the first time that the new diseases ________(被证实)in the country,
and preparations are underway to carry out an experimental treatment.
【答案】have been confirmed
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这不是该国第一次确诊新疾病，正在准备进行实验性治疗。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。此处是固定句型：It is the first time that+现在完成时，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”。表示“证实”应用动词confirm，the new diseases与confirm是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填have been confirmed。
10. So far most of our workout rooms ________(更新) with modern equipment.
【答案】have been updated
【详解】考查动词。句意：到目前为止，我们的大部分健身室都已更新了现代化的设备。根据汉语提示“更新”可知，此处使用动词update，结合So far可知，update这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因与主语most of our workout rooms为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been updated。
11. He is referred to as a hypocrite(伪君子) because what he says ________ what he does. (不相符)
【答案】is not consistent with/conflicts with
【详解】考查时态和短语。句意：他被称为伪君子，因为他言行不一。根据says可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语为单数。不相符为be nott consistent with或者conflict with。故填is not consistent with/conflicts with。
12.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江湖州·开学考试)On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which ________(追溯到) the Tang Dynasty.
【答案】dates back to
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙，其历史可以追溯到唐朝。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语date back to，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，which在从句中作主语，指代的先行词an ancient temple为单数，空处动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates back to。
13.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)Generally speaking, little kids ________(对一切事物感到好奇) around them.
【答案】are curious about everything
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：一般来说，小孩子对周围的一切都很好奇。“对......感到好奇”是固定短语be curious about，“一切事物”是everything，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语kids是复数，因此be动词用are，因此空格处是are curious about everything。故填are curious about everything。
14.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)Staying up late frequently ________(对我们的健康有害).
【答案】causes harm to our heath/does harm to our heath/causes damage to our health/does damage to our heath/is harmful to our health
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：经常熬夜对我们的健康有害。根据所给中文提示词，此处可用动词短语：
cause/do damage/harm to或者be harmful to皆为“对……造成损害”之意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Staying up为动名词作主语，为第三人称单数。故填causes/does damage/harm to our heath或者is harmful to our health。
15.Lions and tigers ________ ________(属于) the cat family.
【答案】belong to
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：狮子和老虎属于猫科。根据汉语提示可知，belong to“属于”，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语Lions and tigers表示复数意义，谓语动词用原形，故填①belong②to。
16.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)This ballet group also goes to some other cities and ________ ________ ________(进行表演pl.) for the citizens.
【答案】puts on performances
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：这个芭蕾舞团还到其他一些城市为市民演出。根据汉语提示可知“进行表演”译为“put on performances”，和动词goes并列作谓语，应用一般现在时，并且也用第三人称单数，故填puts；on； performances。
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)When the night falls, customers ________ ________(涌入，挤进) restaurants and pubs.
【答案】crowd into
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：当夜幕降临时，顾客们涌入餐馆和酒吧。汉语提示词是“涌入，挤进”，表达为动词短语crowd into。结合句意以及从句中的谓语动词falls，可知此句为一般现在时，主句主语为customers，谓语动词用复数，故答案为crowd into。
18.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)The antique necklace, with its intricate design and shimmering gems, holds a special place in my heart, as it ________ ________(属于) my grandmother.
【答案】belongs to
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：这条古老的项链，有着复杂的设计和闪闪发光的宝石，在我心里占有特殊的位置，因为它属于我的祖母。根据汉语提示“属于”可知，此处为动词短语belong to，结合“holds”可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填①belongs；②to。
19.Since he ________(被困于) a lift half a year ago, he hasn’t dared to get back into one.
【答案】was stuck in/was trapped in
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：自从半年前他被困在电梯里，他就再也不敢回到电梯里。根据汉语提示可知，be stuck in/be trapped in“被困于”，根据时间状语half a year ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语he表示单数意义，故填was stuck in/was trapped in。
20.Specifically, classical music ________ orchestral music of the18th and l9th century.(指的是)
【答案】refers to
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：具体来说，古典音乐指的是18世纪和19世纪的管弦乐。根据汉语提示可知，refer to“指的是”，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语classical music表示单数意义，谓语动
词用三单形式，故填refers to。
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. Experts are discussing innovative strategies for combating poaching in national parks.
→Innovative strategies for combating poaching in national parks ________________ by experts.
【答案】are being discussed
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：专家们正在讨论打击国家公园偷猎的创新战略。分析句子结构可知，原句可转换为被动语态结构，主语Innovative strategies和动词discuss为被动关系，结合原句时态可知，此处应为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故答案是：are being discussed。
2. Critics are questioning the effectiveness of current policies in protecting endangered species.
→The effectiveness of current policies in protecting endangered species ________________ by critics.
【答案】is being questioned
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：批评者质疑当前保护濒危物种政策的有效性。原句为现在进行时，主动语态。转换为动作的承受者The effectiveness of current policies in protecting endangered species作主语，谓语动词应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语effectiveness为单数，主谓一致，故填is being questioned。
3. Conservationists are repairing a wildlife sanctuary damaged by storms.
→A wildlife sanctuary damaged by storms ________________ by conservationists.
【答案】is being repaired
【详解】考查句型转换、被动语态。句意：环保主义者正在修复风暴破坏的野生动物保护区。分析句子结构，转换后的句子的主语为原句的宾语，可推理出转换后的句子使用被动语态，因原句谓语动词使用了现在进行时，转换后的句子的谓语动词使用现在进行时的被动语态，因主语A wildlife sanctuary为单数，故填is being repaired。
4. Wildlife artists are painting a vibrant scene featuring endangered species.
→A vibrant scene featuring endangered species ________________ by wildlife artists.
【答案】is being painted
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：野生动物艺术家正在描绘一幅以濒危物种为特色的充满活力的景象。分析句子结构可知，原句可转换为被动语态结构，主语为A vibrant scene和动词paint为被动关系，结合原句时态可知，应为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故答案是：is being painted。
5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
【答案】Has a/any comment been made about the online database
【详解】考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：有人对在线数据库发表过评论吗？将原主动语态句中的宾语a comment 置于被动语态的主语位置，或者疑问句中用any comment代替a comment，然后将现在完成时的谓语has made修改为被动语态形式has been made。其他成分按原本的语序照抄。故答案是Has a/any comment been made about the online database
6. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
【答案】Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：你按下复制文件的按钮了吗？改为被动语态后，主语为the button，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，现在完成时的被动语态为has been pressed，此处为一般疑问句，将has置于句首。故填：Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
7. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
【答案】Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：Wi-Fi密码确认了吗？主动变被动时需将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，主动语态中谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式，原句为现在完成时，所以变成被动语态后为Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed 故答案为Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed？
8. Someone has lost an identity card. (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
【答案】An identity card has been lost.
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：身份证丢了。此处用An identity card，作主语；为现在完成时的被动语态(has been done)。故改为An identity card has been lost.
9. The man sat in the chair,with his hands tied behind his back.
→The man sat in the chair, whose hands behind his back.
【答案】were tieda
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：那人坐在椅子上，他的双手反绑在背后。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据原句中with的复合结构可知，hands与动词tie之间为被动关系，根据主句中的sat以及句意可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为名词复数。故填were tied。
10. There’s a note saying when the shop will open again.
→There’s a note when the shop will open again.
【答案】that says
【详解】考查定语从句、主谓一致。句意：有张纸条上写着商店什么时候重新开门。分析句子结构可知，note后可用限制性定语从句，先行词是note，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且主句用there be句型，应用关系代词that引导；根据There’s可知，句子时态用一般现在时，且that代替note作主语，谓语用第三人称单数says。故填that says。2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：过去将来时 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 主谓一致(译林版2020)
过去将来时
(一)概述：过去将来时描述从过去某一时间看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某个状态。
(二)过去将来时的常见结构及其用法
1. would+动词原形
(1)表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。
He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他会在车站等我们。
(2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。
Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us.每当我们遇到困难时，他总会来帮助我们。
(3)用于虚拟语气中表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟。
If I were you，I would not do that.
要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
我希望他今晚能和我一起去看电影。
2. “was/were going to+动词原形”表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。
She was not going to do anything that evening.
那天晚上她不准备做任何事。
3. “was/were about to+动词原形”意为“正要、即将”，表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。常用于句型“be about to do...when...”，表示“正要做……这时……”。
We were about to set out on a trip when it suddenly began to rain heavily.我们正要出发去旅行，这时突然下起了大雨。
4. “was/were to+动词原形”表示曾计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行；或表示命中注定要发生的事。
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
【温馨提示】
1. go，come，leave，arrive，take off等少数趋向性短暂动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。
I asked her whether she was coming to the party.我问她是否要来参加晚会。
He told me Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.他告诉我格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷。
2. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中需用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
特别提醒：第一个when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
【温馨提示】
"Sb. be about to do... when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。
I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.
我正要离开，突然有人敲门。
现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态
结构
形式/时态 现在完成时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态
肯定式 主语+have/has been done 主语+am/is/are+being done
否定式 主语+have/has not been done 主语+am/is/are+not being done
一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done？ Am/Is/Are (not)+主语+being done？
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are (not)+主语+being done？
用法
(一)现在进行时的被动语态
1. 表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
My younger sister is now being interviewed.
我妹妹现在正在接受采访。
It is said that the water in the lake is not being protected at the moment.
据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。
These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
以这样的速度捕杀这些动物，它们很快就会消失。
Who is being selected for the coming English speech contest
谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？
3. 表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感
彩。
I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。
He is always being, praised by the teacher.
他总是被老师表扬。
4. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.
吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。
5. 现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。
现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词 hold,take 等)。
A birthday party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。
6. 有些“介词+名词”结构可以表示现在进行时的被动意义。
请记住这些短语：on show，in use，under protection，under repair，under discussion，under consideration等。
The telephone is in use now.＝The telephone is being used now.现在电话正在使用中。
The problem is under discussion at the meeting now.＝The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.正在会议上讨论这个问题。
【温馨提示】短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。
The plan is being carried out well.计划进展顺利。
Make sure all patients are being taken care. of.确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。
(二)现在完成时的被动语态
1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经被修好了。
The professor hasn’t been sent for yet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生)
--Has her homework been finished up till now 到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？
--Yes, it has. 是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了)
2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句式中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
How long has this film been shown
这部电影已经放映多长时间了？
3. 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。
[点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already已经；yet已经；尚，还；recently/lately最近；since then从那时起；ever since自那以来；ever曾经；so far迄今为止；for a long time很长一段时间；by now到现在为止；in recent years在最近几年里；in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
【易混辨析】现在完成时和一般现在时的区别
在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
动作发生的时间 可对现在有无影响
一般过去时的被动语态 过去 无
现在完成时的被动语态 过去 有
The big fire has been put out.
大火已经被扑灭了。
The big fire was put out two hours ago.
大火在两小时前被扑灭了。
主谓一致
(一)、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。
The results of the exam are to be announced soon.
考试结果将很快被公布。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
2. 动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Reading aloud is good for us to learn English.
大声朗读对我们学习英语有好处。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
When we can go out freely has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。
3. 复合不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
If anyone sees Mary，ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽，请她到我办公室来。
4. “many a+单数名词/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多学生进了教室。
More than one student wants to join the army.
不止一个学生想参军。
(二)意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指形单意复的名词或形复意单的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。
1. 当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
The police are searching for the missing child.
警方正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
2. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two miles is too far for the child.
两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rich are to help the poor.
富人要帮助穷人。
4. 表示某国人总称的词，如：the Chinese，the British等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are hard-working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
5. 以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
对许多学生来说，政治是一门很难的学科。
The news that he passed the test is exciting.
他通过测试的消息激动人心。
6. 单复数同形的词sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词单复数与实际意义一致。
3 sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
A sheep is lying there.
一只羊正躺在那里。
【温馨提示】如果and连接两个"every/each +名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl in our class has made great progress.
我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。
(2)"all/most/half/the rest/... + of +名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes.
其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
He got back home, finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
(三)就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1. 由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。
2. 在there be/here be 句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
(四)主谓一致的几个难点
1. 并列主语的主谓一致
(1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
(2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人，同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
(3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work.
所有人都在工作。
2. 主语后有with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。
3. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集合名词family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.
在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体)
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.
他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)
(2)由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如：trousers，pants，jeans，shoes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。
These trousers need washing.
这些裤子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
这条裤子是她的。
4. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。
About three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
(2)由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.
讲师之间一系列的辩论被安排在下周末。
(3)a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of(……的数目)和the variety of(……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生人数很多。
5. “one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the (only) one of+可数名词复数”之后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written in French.
这是其中一本用法语写的书。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
一定 看时间标志词、时态 语境、并列谓语及固定句型确定主语和谓语
二定 之间的关系是主语态动还是被动依据三原则确
三定 定谓语动词的主谓一致单复数形式
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学·期末)He promised me if we won the game, he ________(buy) us a round of drinks.
【答案】would buy
【详解】考查时态。句意：他答应我，如果我们赢了比赛，他就请我们喝一轮酒。根据句中时态可知，表示过去的时态。结合句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句，用一般过去时表示过去的将来，主句用过去将来时。故填would buy。
2.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏淮安·期末)When Nadim invited me to his sister’s wedding, I knew it ________(will) be the opportunity of a lifetime.
【答案】would
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当纳迪姆邀请我参加他姐姐的婚礼时，我知道这将是一个千载难逢的机会。分析句子可知，空处应填will的某种形式和be构成从句的谓语动词；根据主句为一般过去时可知，从句用与过去相关的时态，再结合句意可知是过去将来时。故填would。
3.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏南京·期末)Standing inside ________(be) lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes, who seemed very frightened and worried.
【答案】were
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：站在里面的是许多奇怪的生物，他们有着白色的皮肤和黑色的大眼睛，看起来非常害怕和担心。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话是全倒装结构，表语位于句首Standing inside，主语是lots of strange creatures，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时，be动词用were。故填were。
4.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏镇江·期末)Nobody but Betty and Marry ________(be) late for class yesterday, which surprised all of us.
【答案】was
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：除了贝蒂和玛丽，昨天上课没人迟到，这使我们大家都很吃惊。nobody but用单数谓语动词，结合后文surprised可知为一般过去时。故填was。
5.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学·期末)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________(give) a warm
welcome when returning to the village last week.
【答案】was given
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，as well as连接主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语保持一致，所以此处谓语动词应和Amy保持一致，由last week可知，句子应用一般过去时，且主语Amy和动词give“给”是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态was given。故填was given。
6.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏镇江·期末)At present, large amounts of farming land ________(destroy) at an alarming speed.
【答案】are being destroyed
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，大量的耕地正在以惊人的速度被破坏。由“At present”可知，句子时态用现在进行时，耕地被破坏，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，farming land被amounts of修饰，谓语动词用复数，因此空格处是are being destroyed。故填are being destroyed。
7.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏阜宁·期末)It is not open to the public yet, but preparations ________(make) presently for the reopening.
【答案】are being made
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它还没有对公众开放，但目前正在为重新开放做准备。此处缺乏谓语，主语preparations与谓语动词make间是被动关系，要用被动语态。根据presently(目前)可判断使用现在进行时，因此填现在进行时的被动语态(am/is/are being done)，主语preparations是单复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being made。
8.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏天一中学期末)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuild).
【答案】is being rebuilt
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。because引导的从句中主语是house，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数，且主语和谓语动词rebuild之间是被动关系，结合句意可知表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，故应用现在进行时态的被动语态。故填is being rebuilt。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Our headmaster said that there ________(be) a sports meeting next month.
2. Last Sunday he promised he ________(come) but he hasn’t arrived until now.
3. --What did your son say in the letter
--He told me that he ________(visit) the Disney World the next day.
4. We were not sure whether they were going ________(grow) more vegetables.
5. Father said that he ________(take) me to Beijing the next year.
6. I hoped Tina ________(come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
7.From the time I met Alicia, I knew she ________ the next big thing in the technology world. (be)
8.When the Internet first appeared, few people believed that it ________(become) popular.
9.(23-24高一上·北京朝阳·期末)Tom was my leader and he promised that he ________(help)me if necessary.
10. I didn’t know when she ________(come), but when she came I would let you know.
11.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建福州·期中)The site ________(develop) by a French company at present.
12.Don’t call Marry. She ________(interview) right now.
13. (2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)In order to be a completely car-free city, almost half of the street-level parking spaces ________(remove) at present.
14. The fire has got to the fifth floor. Have all the people ________(save)
15. Poachers ________(punish) strictly, deterring wildlife crimes.
16.Up to now, more than 90 rooms ________(decorate) with the valuable paintings.
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东茂名·期中)So far, this novel ________(translate) into several languages.
18.A large amount of money ________(raise) for charity so far.
19.(2023-2024学年高一下·山东济宁·期中)Large amounts of money ________(spend) in rebuilding the old temple in the last two years.
20.The temple ________(build) for two years and it is still in construction.
21.As far as I know, a large amount of money ________ spent on the construction of the school last year.
22.(2023-2024学年高一下·山东日照·期中)The work of the charity ________(fund) by voluntary donations.
23.(2023-2024学年高一下·山东济宁·期中)My teacher as well as my classmates ________(be) friendly to me when I first came to the new school.
24.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·期中)Nowadays, cycling, along with swimming, ________(regard) as one of the best activities.
25.Over the past years, Han Zheming, a Shanghai resident, ________(manage) to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups.
26.Since the Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议) ________(propose), the ancient city has once again drawn attention as a gateway to opening up to the outside world.
27.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)Up till now, the Yellow River ________(raise) 13 dynasties’ capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties’ capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in its area—Zhengzhou.
28.(23-24高一下·江苏无锡·期中)He is a lovable physicist who ________(involve) in defining the workings of the universe.
29.A virtual choir ________(able) them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.
30.It is reported that this organization ________(raise) over 1,000,000 dollars to help students in remote mountainous areas so far.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. Antelopes now are being ________ ________(保护，照管)day and night by volunteers.
2.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东深圳·阶段练习)As technology advances, traditional manufacturing processes are being ________ ________(转化) automated systems.
3.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建莆田·期末)In this way a lot of animal homes ________(正在被破坏).
4. The city will take on a new look as many roads and streets ________(正在拓宽或重建).
5. The man ________(正在被警察盘问) because of his ridiculous behavior.
6.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江·期中)This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been ________ ________(收割).
7.Most buildings ________(配备) with qualified fire alarm systems so far.
8.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)________(不仅购物被改变) since the invention of the Internet, but also social communication has been taken over by the Internet.
9.(2023-2024学年高一上·福建·期末)It is not the first time that the new diseases ________(被证实)in the country, and preparations are underway to carry out an experimental treatment.
10. So far most of our workout rooms ________(更新) with modern equipment.
11. He is referred to as a hypocrite(伪君子) because what he says ________ what he does. (不相符)
12.(2023-2024学年高一下·浙江湖州·开学考试)On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which ________(追溯到) the Tang Dynasty.
13.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)Generally speaking, little kids ________(对一切事物感到好奇) around them.
14.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东佛山·阶段练习)Staying up late frequently ________(对我们的健康有害).
15.(23-24高一下·广西梧州·阶段练习)Lions and tigers ________ ________(属于) the cat family.
16.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)This ballet group also goes to some other cities and ________ ________ ________(进行表演pl.) for the citizens.
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东广州·期中)When the night falls, customers ________ ________(涌入，挤进) restaurants and pubs.
18.(23-24高一下·广东广州·期中)The antique necklace, with its intricate design and shimmering gems, holds a special place in my heart, as it ________ ________(属于) my grandmother.
19.Since he ________(被困于) a lift half a year ago, he hasn’t dared to get back into one.
20.Specifically, classical music ________ orchestral music of the18th and l9th century.(指的是)
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. Experts are discussing innovative strategies for combating poaching in national parks.
→Innovative strategies for combating poaching in national parks ________________ by experts.
2. Critics are questioning the effectiveness of current policies in protecting endangered species.
→The effectiveness of current policies in protecting endangered species ________________ by critics.
3. Conservationists are repairing a wildlife sanctuary damaged by storms.
→A wildlife sanctuary damaged by storms ________________ by conservationists.
4. Wildlife artists are painting a vibrant scene featuring endangered species.
→A vibrant scene featuring endangered species ________________ by wildlife artists.
5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
6. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
7. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
8. Someone has lost an identity card. (改为现在完成时的被动语态)
9. The man sat in the chair,with his hands tied behind his back.
→The man sat in the chair, whose hands behind his back.
10. There’s a note saying when the shop will open again.
→There’s a note when the shop will open again.
