2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：情态动词 省略
一、情态动词
(一) 概述
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词主要有：can，could，may，might，must，ought to，shall，should，will和would。另外，dare，need，have to和used to也具有情态动词的某些特性。
(二) 情态动词的基本用法
1. can与could的用法
(1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式，意思相当于be able to。
We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.
如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。
I can do some shopping on the Internet，but I couldn’t last year.
我会网购了，但是去年我还不会。
【易混辨析】在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。
I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。
I could lift the heavy box.我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。
(2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can’t/couldn’t 意为“不可能”。
That can’t be Mary, for she is in hospital.
那不可能是玛丽,因为她在住院。
Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？
Your story can’t/couldn’t be true.
你的故事不可能是真的。
(3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。
Could you please give me a lift？
你能帮我个忙吗？
—Can/Could I go now
—Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，可以。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能会犯错。
She can be very careless sometimes.
她有时会很粗心。
2. may与might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。
Might I go fishing with you tomorrow？
我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗
(2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。
She may not go to the concert tonight.
今晚她可能不去音乐会了。
【名师点津】may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you be happy forever!祝你永远快乐！
3. must与need的用法
(1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn’t(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn’t(不必)。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不准那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to.
如果你不想做，你就不必做。
(2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
(3)must带有感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
4. will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
(2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示规律性的“注定会”或习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
[疑难点津]
used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
5. shall的用法
(1)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。
What shall I/we do next
我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
You shall do as I tell you.你要按照我说的做。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你在生日时会得到一件新连衣裙。
He shall suffer for this.他会为此事吃苦头的。
(3)用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示正式文件、法律、规章制度等中的义务或规定。
Students shall not use calculators during exams.学生在考试中不得使用计算器。
No readers shall remove a book from the library without the consent of the librarian.
不经图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
6. should与ought to的用法
(1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。
We ought to/should help the disabled.
我们应该帮助残疾人。
(2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。
It’s nine o’clock now. My mother should come back.现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。
7. dare与need的用法
dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。
(1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在树林里走。
You needn’t worry about it.你没有必要担心它。
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。
(三) 情态动词后的动词的时态形式
情态动词后接的动词可以有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种形式。其一般式为“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示情态动词的基本含义。
1. 后接进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。
He must be doing his homework now.
他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。
2. 后接完成式，表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。
You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris.
你昨天不可能见到玛丽，因为她在巴黎。
You failed again.You should have done it much better.你又失败了。你本该做得更好的。
3. 后接完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。
They are too tired now.They must have been working all day.
他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。
(四) “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测
1. must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，把握性大，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。
Tom must have arrived home by now.
现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。
2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，把握性小，意为“也许已经做过某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。
John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。
3. can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”，可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。
She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。
二. 省略
一. 省略的概述：为了避免重复、突出新的信息或使上下文连接紧密，英语中的许多句子经常省略一个或几个部分，这种语法现象称为省略。
二. 常见的几种省略
类别 具体内容 例句
不定式的省略 在动词不定式中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to，否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us？ —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗 --我很乐意，但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟，但他妻子叫他不要。
感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to；但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。
介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。
并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球，而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴，但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't
(sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。
复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略： 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车，但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
状语从句中的省略： 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(＝if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候，我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired，they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好
定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省 ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now → Who was the girl he was spoke to just now 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ (定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I
略。 ) don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。 The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。
宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。
【名师点津】其他的省略情况
1.动词不定式的省略
动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。
—Would you like to go with us
—I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework.
→I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
--你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。
The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street.
→The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
2.虚拟语气中的省略
在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。
If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed.
→Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed.
要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。
If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted.
→Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted.
如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。
表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。
The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health.
医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。
The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield.
将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。
3.使用so,not等时的省略。
在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Is he coming back tonight 他今晚回来吗 —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。
4.介词的省略。
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构:
①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.
②be busy(in) doing sth.
③spend some time(in) doing sth.
④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
情态动词用法口诀
情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。
不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。
建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。
must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。
用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。
省略的用法口诀
回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。
祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。
宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。
前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。
1.(2023北京高考)When ________(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
答案：seen.
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they
are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
2.(2022-2023高一下学期·江苏扬州·期末)--Who’s that person on the stage Jennifer
--It ________ be Jennifer, because she is behind the scenes now.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】can’t
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——舞台上的那个人是谁？詹妮弗？——不可能是詹妮弗，因为她现在在幕后。根据“because she is behind the scenes now.”可知，不可能是詹妮弗。can’t不可能，表示现在情况的推测，符合句意。故填can’t。
3.(2022-2023高一下学期·江苏南京·期末)When ________(compare) the famous actors’ income with that of those outstanding doctors and researchers, many people believe it is not justified.
【答案】comparing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当把著名演员的收入与那些杰出的医生和研究人员的收入进行比较时，许多人认为这是不合理的。分析句子可知，此处when引导时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，省略从句的主语和be动词形式，此处compare与主语people是主动关系，用现在分词，故填comparing。
4.(2022-2023学年江苏南京师范大学高一期末)When ________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
【答案】asked
【详解】考查省略句。句意：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得很有趣，也很有收获。在when连接的状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。还原从句为When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job，所以设空词填asked。故填asked。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As the old saying goes,“A workman must ________(sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
【答案】sharpen
【详解】考查动词。句意：俗话说得好：“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。must后缺少动词原形，结合his tools可知，此处为“磨快，使……锋利”用动词sharpen。故填sharpen。
2.(2023-2024学年高一下·广东惠州·期中)It’s known to all that both the change of climate and human’s hunting would ________(threat) wildlife’s existence.
【答案】threaten
【详解】考查动词的用法。句意：众所周知，气候变化和人类的狩猎都会威胁到野生动物的生存。由于would后面需要跟动词原形，而threat是名词，意为“威胁”，因此需要使用其动词形式threaten来填空。故答案是threaten。
3.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)Her appearance has changed so much that you ________ well not recognize her.
【答案】may/might
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她的外貌变化太大了，你很可能认不出她来。may/might well“很可能”，固定短语，故填may/might。
4.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)It was said that the old lady ________ sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front.
【答案】would
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：据说那位老太太总会坐在大树下，等着儿子从前线回来。结合句意可知，此处表示过去反复进行的动作，应用情态动词would。故填would。
5.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)You ________ be tired after four hours’ reading.(情态动词)
【答案】must
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：读了四个小时的书，你一定累了。此处表示肯定推测，意为“肯定”应用must，故填must。
6.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)It ________(rain) last night, for the road is quite muddy.
【答案】must have rained
【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：昨晚一定下雨了，因为路上很泥泞。此处表示对过去的肯定猜测，用must have done表示“必定做了某事”。故填must have rained。
7. He must ________(pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
【答案】have passed
【详解】考查情态动词+have done的结构。句意：他一定是通过了考试，因为他一整天都那么开心。根据下文“because he was so happy the whole day”可知，他一整天都那么开心，所以他一定是通过了考试。本题考查“must have done”的结构，表示对过去情况的非常肯定的推测，即“一定已经做了某事”。故填have passed。
8. You can ________(breath) in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
【答案】breathe
【详解】考查动词。句意：当鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天时，你可以呼吸到鲜花的芳香。情态动词can后面，使用动词原形breathe。故填breathe。
9. I personally would rather ________(roast) a chicken whole.
【答案】roast
【详解】考查动词。句意：我个人更喜欢整只烤鸡。固定短语would rather do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”，表示对于两种选择，更倾向于选择某种行为或情况，因此空处应用动词roast“炙，烘”的原形。故填roast。
10. Hence, the ________ activity will ________ us with many benefits. (reward)
【答案】rewarding; reward
【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意：因此，这个有意义的活动会给我们带来很多好处。空1，形容词修饰名词activity，作定语，表示“值得的、有意义的”用rewarding；空2，放在will后用动词原形，此处reward意思为：奖励；奖赏。故填①rewarding②reward。
11.If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If ________, let me know what time suits you best.
【答案】not
【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：如果你方便的话，我们8:30在校门外见面吧。如果不方便，请告诉我您最合适的时间。根据If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.及句意可知，空处表示“不方便”，为条件状语从句If it is not，句式与前一句的条件状语一致，可以省略it is，即，If not。故填not。
12. No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless ________(privilege).
【答案】privileged
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非有特权，否则任何人都不允许进入私人俱乐部。unless可引条件导状语从句。当状语从句中的主语和从句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略，剩下由过去分词转化而来的形容词privileged“有特权的”。故填privileged。
13. No matter how clearly ________(clarify), the issues can’t still get through to all of us.
【答案】clarified
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：无论问题被解释得多么清楚，仍然不能使我们所有人都理解。no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……，不管怎样……”。状语从句的完整结构为“No matter how clearly the issues are clarified, ……”，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。故填clarified。
14.When deeply ________(absorb) in his phone, he didn’t notice his mother approaching.
【答案】absorbed
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他全神贯注地玩手机时，他没有注意到他的母亲走过来了。“be absorbed in”是一个固定短语，意思是“全神贯注于……，专心致志于……”，用于此句中，表示“他”全神贯注地在看他的手机，在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可以将从句的主语和be动词省略，所以空白处填过去分词absorbed。故填absorbed。
15.(23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期中)I felt concerned when ________(watch) the documentary.
【答案】watching
【详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意：看纪录片的时候我很担心。when引导的时间状语从句意为“当我在看纪录片的时候”，由主句谓语felt可知，从句时态用过去进行时，主语是I，因此when引导的从句是when I was watching the documentary，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是watching。故填watching。
16. The twins cheered up and did as ________(tell).
【答案】told
【详解】考查省略句。句意：双胞胎高兴起来，照吩咐做了。此处为状语从句的省略，从句主语twins与tell构成被动关系，省略主语和be动词，故填told。
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·期中)Some think graffiti is a crime if ________(do) without a property owner’s permission.
【答案】done
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：有些人认为未经业主允许涂鸦是犯罪行为。空处为状语从句的省略，还原后为if graffiti is done，省略了 graffiti is 。故填done。
18. When ________(face) two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen.
【答案】facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当面对两条道路时，人们别无选择，只能做出决定，看看会发生什么。本句使用了状语从句的省略，完整的从句应是“When people are facing two paths”，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略。故填facing。
19. Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if ________(expose) to very loud music on a daily basis.
【答案】exposed
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：研究人员声称，如果年轻人每天接触非常吵闹的音乐，可能会面临失聪的风险。此处是if引导的状语从句的省略，当从句主语和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，主语young people和exposed是被动关系，完整从句为if they are exposed to very loud music on a daily basis，省略they are，故填exposed。
20. The new hybrid grains are firmer than natural grains, and when ________(cook) they maintain their traditional appearance.
【答案】cooked
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这种新的杂交谷物比天然谷物更坚固，煮熟后仍保持传统外观。这里为状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为“when they are cooked”，主从句主语一致，可将从句主语和“be”动词同时省略。故填cooked。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我们最好多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 而不是垃圾食品。
________________ instead of eating too much junk food.
【答案】We had better eat more fresh vegetables and fruit
【详解】考查情态动词和比较级。had better意为“最好”，为情态动词，其后应跟动词原形。eat意为“吃”；fresh意为“新鲜的”；vegetable意为“蔬菜”，为可数名词；fruit意为“水果”，可作可数名词和不可数名词。根据句中的“多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果”可知，这里表示比较，即吃更多的新鲜蔬菜和水果，这里修饰名词，应用many的比较级more。故答案为We had better eat more fresh vegetables and fruit。
2.为了达到理解的目的，读者还需要不断地做出推论，激活新的图式。
In order to comprehend the text, readers has to ________________ and have new schemata activated.
【答案】make inferences
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示，表示“做出推论”用make inferences，设空处使用动词短语，与空前
的has to构成谓语动词。故填make inferences。
3.我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照自己的意愿花钱。
I thought ________________ as I wished.
【答案】I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money
【详解】考查情态动词could、固定短语和宾语从句。结合thought可知，表示过去的能力使用情态动词could，“说服某人做某事”用动词短语argue sb into doing sth，“允许某人做某事”使用动词短语allow sb to do sth，“花钱”使用动词短语use one’s money，空处是宾语从句，从句成分齐全、意义完整，应用that引导，that可省略，故填I could argue my parents into allowing me to use my money。
4. You ________________ on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.
你当时一定在打电话聊天, 因为我打不通。
【答案】must be talking
【详解】考查情态动词的用法。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“当时一定在聊天”，表示推测，语气非常肯定，使用情态动词must；表示“正在做某事”，则must后接“be doing”的形式，“聊天”为talk，故填must be talking。
5.格林一家也许已经预料到将发生的事。他们在一周前搬进城里了。
The Greens ________________ what would happen. They moved to the city a week ago.
【答案】might have expected
【详解】考查情态动词。根据句意可知，表示“也许已经预料”应为情态动词might表推测的用法，根据谓语动词moved可知，此处是对过去情况的推测，所以表示“也许已经预料到”应为might have expected。故填might have expected。
6. 与同事互动时，诚实是必不可少的；没有诚实，尊重就无法获得，专业关系也会受到损害。
________________, honesty is essential for respect and positive professional relationships. Without honesty, respect is not earned and professional relationships suffer.
【答案】When interacting with colleagues
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致，固定短语和省略。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“与同事互动时”，用when引导的时间状语从句，用现在进行时，“与……互动”是interact with，“同事”是colleague，不止一个，因此用复数，时间状语从句中可省略主语和be动词，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此空格处是When interacting with colleagues，故填When interacting with colleagues。
7. 总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of diversity while China and building a shared future for all.
【答案】cultural; strengthening
【详解】考查形容词和状语从句的省略。根据中文提示可知，表示“文化”应用cultural，为形容词，在本句中作定语；表示“增强”应用strengthen，为动词，而这里考查状语从句省略，把从句的主语和be动词省略，
完整句型应为while studying abroad is strengthening China and building a shared future for all。故填①cultural；②strengthening。
8. 当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。
________________, I heard my name called from behind.
【答案】While walking alone in the street
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据句中的“当……的时候”可知，这里应用while引导时间状语从句。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中有be动词，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。“一个人”可表示为alone，为副词，修饰动词“走”(walk)；“在街上”可表示为in the street。根据句意，这里表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，该从句应写为While I was walking alone in the street，省略主语和be动词后为While walking alone in the street。故填While walking alone in the street。
9. 她站在门口，好像在等人似的。(as if)
She stood at the gate ________________.
【答案】as if (she was) waiting for someone
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。表示“好像”应用as if，引导方式状语从句；表示“等人”应用wait for someone；此处可省略从句主语和be动词。故填as if(she was) waiting for someone。
10. 爬山时，我们享受到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。(状语从句的省略)
________________, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
【答案】While climbing the hill//When climbing the hill
【详解】考查状语从句的省略、动词时态、名词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“爬山时”。表示“当……的时候”用While/When，引导时间状语从句。结合句意和主句的主语we可知，从句主语用we，表示“我们”。表示“爬”用climb，结合句意和enjoyed可知，从句事情过去正在发生，从句时态用过去进行时，主语为we，be动词用were。表示“山”用hill，作climbing的宾语，此处为特指爬的那座山，hill前加定冠词the。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为While/When we were climbing the hill，省略we were。故填While/ When climbing the hill。
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. You’d better work in an institution in charge of economy.(否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】You’d better not work in an institution in charge of economy./You had better not work in an institution in charge of economy.
【详解】考查否定句。句意：你最好在主管经济的机构工作。“You’d better work.... ”的原型是“You had better work....”，had better后接动词原形：“had better do sth”意为“(告诉别人应该做的事)应该，最好做……”。它的否定式是直接在had better后加not ，had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”。所以答案为You’d better not work in an institution in charge of economy.或You had better not work in an institution in charge of economy.
2. A saleswoman ought to persuade her clients to buy their products.(否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A saleswoman oughtn’t to persuade her clients to buy their products.
【详解】考查否定句。句意：女售货员应该说服她的顾客购买他们的产品。分析句子可知，原句中ought to为情态动词，将原句变成否定句只需在ought后加not即可，ought not缩写为oughtn’t。故该否定句为A saleswoman oughtn’t to persuade her clients to buy their products.。故答案是A saleswoman oughtn’t to persuade her clients to buy their products.。
3. We dared not tell him that he had failed again this time.
We ________________ him that he had failed again this time.
【答案】didn’t dare to tell/didn’t dare tell
【详解】考查动词dare的用法。句意：我们不敢告诉他这次他又失败了。dare做情态动词时，意为“敢”后接动词原形，dare做实意动词意为“敢于”，后接(to) do；实意动词dare变否定在dare前加助动词。本句时态为一般过去时，此处需用didn’t。故填didn’t dare to tell或didn’t dare tell。
4. Does she dare to walk home alone at night
________________ home alone at night
【答案】Dare she walk
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她敢晚上一个人走回家吗？原句中dare是实义动词，dare也可做情态动词，表示“敢”，用于疑问句中，置于句首，后接动词原形形式，即dare she walk，dare置于句首，首字母大写。故填Dare she walk。
5. “What !” I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.
(Please describe the situation when you couldn’t find your key in front of the door.) (按要求仿写)
【答案】“What !” I reached into my pocket but found nothing. The key must have been left in my classroom.
【详解】考查what的用法和并列连词but。句意：“怎么回事 !”我把手伸进口袋，但什么也没找到。钥匙一定是落在我的教室里了。分析可知，通常在门口找不到钥匙的情况是：把手伸进口袋，什么也没有，感到惊讶和困惑，然后想起自己把钥匙忘在教室了。表示惊讶和困惑用“What !”，表示“伸手到口袋”用reach into my pocket，“什么也没找到”用find nothing，和上文为转折关系，用but连接，陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“钥匙被忘在教室”用 the key be left in the classroom，此处为对过去事情的肯定推测用must have done。故填“What !” I reached into my pocket but found nothing. The key must have been left in my classroom.
6. You should stay where you are unless you are asked to leave.(状语从句的省略)
→ You should stay where you are ________________.
【答案】unless asked to leave
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被要求离开，否则你应该呆在原地。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。unless引导的条件状语从句，省略you are，保留过去分词。故填unless asked to leave。
7. If I were given more time, I could have done it better.
= more time, I could have done it better.
【答案】If given
【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。句意：如果被给予更多时间，我能把它做得更好。if引导的条件状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同，且含有be动词，可以把从句主语连同be动词一起省略，故填If given。
8. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.(改为省略句)
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as Guangzhou.
【答案】in
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：杭州的冬天不像广州那样温和。状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，且从句有be动词，从句中主语和be动词可以省略，本句中as they are in Guangzhou可省略为as in Guangzhou。故填in。
9. If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.(改为省略句)
→ , I hope you will have a wonderful time.
【答案】If so
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：如果是这样的话，我希望你会玩得很开心。状语从句中可以省略主语it和be。If so“假如是这样的话”是固定搭配，故填If so。
10. He won’t attend the party even if he is invited.
→ He won’t attend the party ________________.
【答案】even if invited
【详解】考查省略句式。句意：即使他被邀请，他也不去参加聚会。even if引导状语从句，主从句主语一致，从句含有be动词的形式，可省略从句的主语和be动词形式，故填even if invited。2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习：情态动词 省略
一、情态动词
(一) 概述
情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词主要有：can，could，may，might，must，ought to，shall，should，will和would。另外，dare，need，have to和used to也具有情态动词的某些特性。
(二) 情态动词的基本用法
1. can与could的用法
(1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式，意思相当于be able to。
We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.
如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。
I can do some shopping on the Internet，but I couldn’t last year.
我会网购了，但是去年我还不会。
【易混辨析】在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。
I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。
I could lift the heavy box.我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。
(2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can’t/couldn’t 意为“不可能”。
That can’t be Mary, for she is in hospital.
那不可能是玛丽,因为她在住院。
Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？
Your story can’t/couldn’t be true.
你的故事不可能是真的。
(3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。
Could you please give me a lift？
你能帮我个忙吗？
—Can/Could I go now
—Yes，you can.
——我现在可以走了吗？
——是的，可以。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能会犯错。
She can be very careless sometimes.
她有时会很粗心。
2. may与might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。
Might I go fishing with you tomorrow？
我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗
(2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。
She may not go to the concert tonight.
今晚她可能不去音乐会了。
【名师点津】may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you be happy forever!祝你永远快乐！
3. must与need的用法
(1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn’t(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn’t(不必)。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不准那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to.
如果你不想做，你就不必做。
(2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
(3)must带有感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
4. will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
(2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me
你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示规律性的“注定会”或习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.
没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
[疑难点津]
used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
5. shall的用法
(1)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。
What shall I/we do next
我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital？我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
You shall do as I tell you.你要按照我说的做。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你在生日时会得到一件新连衣裙。
He shall suffer for this.他会为此事吃苦头的。
(3)用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示正式文件、法律、规章制度等中的义务或规定。
Students shall not use calculators during exams.学生在考试中不得使用计算器。
No readers shall remove a book from the library without the consent of the librarian.
不经图书管理员的同意，读者不准把书带出图书馆。
6. should与ought to的用法
(1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。
We ought to/should help the disabled.
我们应该帮助残疾人。
(2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。
It’s nine o’clock now. My mother should come back.现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。
7. dare与need的用法
dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。
(1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在树林里走。
You needn’t worry about it.你没有必要担心它。
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。
(三) 情态动词后的动词的时态形式
情态动词后接的动词可以有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种形式。其一般式为“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示情态动词的基本含义。
1. 后接进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。
He must be doing his homework now.
他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。
2. 后接完成式，表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。
You can’t have seen Mary yesterday because she was in Paris.
你昨天不可能见到玛丽，因为她在巴黎。
You failed again.You should have done it much better.你又失败了。你本该做得更好的。
3. 后接完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。
They are too tired now.They must have been working all day.
他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。
(四) “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测
1. must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，把握性大，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。
Tom must have arrived home by now.
现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。
2. may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，把握性小，意为“也许已经做过某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。
John isn’t at home.I think he may/might have gone to school.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。
3. can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”，可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。
She can’t/couldn’t have heard you knocking at the door.她不可能听见你敲门。
二. 省略
一. 省略的概述：为了避免重复、突出新的信息或使上下文连接紧密，英语中的许多句子经常省略一个或几个部分，这种语法现象称为省略。
二. 常见的几种省略
类别 具体内容 例句
不定式的省略 在动词不定式中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to，否定式的省略用not to —Would you like to go with us？ —I'm glad to, but I'm too busy. --你愿意和我们一起去吗 --我很乐意，但是我太忙了。 The husband wanted to smoke but was told by his wife not to. 丈夫想抽烟，但他妻子叫他不要。
感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省to；但被动语态中的to不可省 I saw her enter the room just now. →She was seen to enter the room just now. 我刚才看见她进了房间。 →刚才有人看见她进了房间。
介词but、except前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的就是等着瞧。
并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分 ②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略 ③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语 ④在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等成分与第一个并列句相同，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分 ①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定是在踢足球，而玛丽一定是在做作业。 ②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴，但(他的建议)使玛丽生气。 ③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒烟了一段时间，但很快又恢复了老习惯。 ④Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会(在晚会上)唱歌。
复合句中的省略 名词性从句中的省略： 作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语 Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it). 有人用过我的自行车，但我不知道是谁用过。 He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone). 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。
状语从句中的省略： 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词 ①在as、before、till、once、when、while等引导的时间状语从句中 ②在though、although等引导的让步状语从句中 ③在if、unless(＝if…not)等引导的条件状语从句中 ④在as、as if/though引导的方式状语从句中 ⑤在as/so…as…、than引导的比较状语从句中 ①While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines. 当我在等的时候，我在看一些杂志。 ②Though(they were)tired，they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们继续工作。 ③You shouldn't come to his party unless(you were)invited. 除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的聚会。 ④He did as(he had been)told. 他照吩咐做了。 ⑤This car doesn't run as fast as that one(does). 这辆汽车跑得不如那辆快。 I know you can do better than he(can do). 我知道你能做得比他更好
定语从句的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, who, whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。 定语从句中省略的特殊用法 当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。 (定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。) (定语从句in which the company operates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 ) ①Who was the girl that he spoke to just now → Who was the girl he was spoke to just now 刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？ (定语从句that he spoke to just now，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。) ② I live near the river which I used to swim in. →I live near the river I used to swim in. 我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。 (定语从句which I used to swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。) I don’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I don’t like the way he behaves. 我不喜欢他行事的方式。
The way in which/that the company operates is really successful. →The way the company operates is really successful. 这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。
宾语从句的省略 谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。 宾语从句省略的特殊性： 在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。 He warned me(that) the danger ahead would threaten my life. 他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。 Everybody knows(that) protecting the environment means a lot. 每个人都知道保护环境很重要。 He promised the local people(that) he would raise some funds and that he would set up a school. 他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。
【名师点津】其他的省略情况
1.动词不定式的省略
动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to。
—Would you like to go with us
—I’m glad to go with us, but I have to finish my homework.
→I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
--你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。
The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in the street.
→The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
2.虚拟语气中的省略
在含有were, had, should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, should置于句首。
If it had not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed.
→Had it not been for the drought, the crop would not have failed.
要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。
If he were absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted.
→Were he absent from the meeting, he would lose the opportunity to be promoted.
如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。
表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。
The doctor suggests that people(should) do exercise for thirty minute every day to be in good health.
医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。
The general gave soldiers an order that they(should) not leave the battlefield.
将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。
3.使用so,not等时的省略。
在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Is he coming back tonight 他今晚回来吗 —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。
4.介词的省略。
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构:
①have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.
②be busy(in) doing sth.
③spend some time(in) doing sth.
④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
情态动词用法口诀
情态动词may与can, 动词原形跟后边。
不单作谓词义添, shall, will也常见。
建议能力可能现, 命令请求可委婉。
must必须dare敢, 过去情态词形变。
用法分清多勤练, 素养提升在瞬间。
省略的用法口诀
回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。
祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。
宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。
前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。
1.(2023北京高考)When ________(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
答案：seen.
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they
are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
2.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏扬州·期末)--Who’s that person on the stage Jennifer
--It ________ be Jennifer, because she is behind the scenes now.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】can’t
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——舞台上的那个人是谁？詹妮弗？——不可能是詹妮弗，因为她现在在幕后。根据“because she is behind the scenes now.”可知，不可能是詹妮弗。can’t不可能，表示现在情况的推测，符合句意。故填can’t。
3.(2022-2023学年高一下学期·江苏南京·期末)When ________(compare) the famous actors’ income with that of those outstanding doctors and researchers, many people believe it is not justified.
【答案】comparing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当把著名演员的收入与那些杰出的医生和研究人员的收入进行比较时，许多人认为这是不合理的。分析句子可知，此处when引导时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，省略从句的主语和be动词形式，此处compare与主语people是主动关系，用现在分词，故填comparing。
4.(2022-2023学年江苏南京师范大学高一期末)When ________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
【答案】asked
【详解】考查省略句。句意：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得很有趣，也很有收获。在when连接的状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。还原从句为When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job，所以设空词填asked。故填asked。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As the old saying goes,“A workman must ________(sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
2.(23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中)It’s known to all that both the change of climate and human’s hunting would ________(threat) wildlife’s existence.
3.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)Her appearance has changed so much that you ________ well not recognize her.(情态动词)
4.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)It was said that the old lady ________ sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front. (情态动词)
5.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)You ________ be tired after four hours’ reading.(情态动词)
6.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)It ________(rain) last night, for the road is quite muddy.
7. He must ________(pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
8. You can ________(breath) in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
9. I personally would rather ________(roast) a chicken whole.
10. Hence, the ________ activity will ________ us with many benefits. (reward)
11.If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If ________, let me know what time suits you best.
12. No one will be allowed to enter the private club unless ________(privilege).
13. No matter how clearly ________(clarify), the issues can’t still get through to all of us.
14.When deeply ________(absorb) in his phone, he didn’t notice his mother approaching.
15.(2023-2024学年高一下·江苏扬州·期中)I felt concerned when ________(watch) the documentary.
16. The twins cheered up and did as ________(tell).
17.(2023-2024学年高一下·福建泉州·期中)Some think graffiti is a crime if ________(do) without a property owner’s permission.
18. When ________(face) two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen.
19. Researchers claim that young people may risk going deaf if ________(expose) to very loud music on a daily basis.
20. The new hybrid grains are firmer than natural grains, and when ________(cook) they maintain their traditional appearance.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我们最好多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 而不是垃圾食品。
________________ instead of eating too much junk food.
2.为了达到理解的目的，读者还需要不断地做出推论，激活新的图式。
In order to comprehend the text, readers has to ________________ and have new schemata activated.
3.我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照自己的意愿花钱。
I thought ________________ as I wished.
4. You ________________ on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.
你当时一定在打电话聊天, 因为我打不通。
5.格林一家也许已经预料到将发生的事。他们在一周前搬进城里了。
The Greens ________________ what would happen. They moved to the city a week ago.
6. 与同事互动时，诚实是必不可少的；没有诚实，尊重就无法获得，专业关系也会受到损害。
________________, honesty is essential for respect and positive professional relationships. Without honesty, respect is not earned and professional relationships suffer.
7. 总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of diversity while China and building a shared future for all.
8. 当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。
________________, I heard my name called from behind.
9. 她站在门口，好像在等人似的。(as if)
She stood at the gate ________________.
10. 爬山时，我们享受到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。(状语从句的省略)
________________, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
Ⅲ 句型转换
1. You’d better work in an institution in charge of economy.(否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. A saleswoman ought to persuade her clients to buy their products.(否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. We dared not tell him that he had failed again this time.
We ________________ him that he had failed again this time.
4. Does she dare to walk home alone at night
________________ home alone at night
5. “What !” I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.
(Please describe the situation when you couldn’t find your key in front of the door.) (按要求仿写)
6. You should stay where you are unless you are asked to leave.(状语从句的省略)
→ You should stay where you are ________________.
7. If I were given more time, I could have done it better.
= more time, I could have done it better.
8. The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.(改为省略句)
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as Guangzhou.
9. If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.(改为省略句)
→ , I hope you will have a wonderful time.
10. He won’t attend the party even if he is invited.
→ He won’t attend the party ________________.(同义句转换)
