Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.考点精析+语法精讲

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名称 Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.考点精析+语法精讲
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科目 英语
更新时间 2024-05-29 08:17:08

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A考点精析
1. You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助清扫城市公园。(P9)
『考点1』 could的用法
用法分析 could是情态动词can的过去式。在此句中could并不表示过去,只是表示委婉、客气的语气。一般疑问句的肯定答语用Sure./Certainly./All right.等;否定答语用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等。
你可以尝试自己做早饭。You could try cooking breakfast yourself.
考点拓展 could的其他用法:
(1)表示要求或请求。
Could you please tell me how to get there?你能告诉我如何到那儿吗?
(2)表示能力,此时是can的过去式。
He could speak English when he was four.他四岁时就可以说英语。
中考链接
—It’s too hot. ___D___ I swim in the lake?
—No, you ______. That’s too dangerous!
A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; can’t
『考点2』 clean up的用法
用法分析 clean up意为“打扫干净”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语。名词做其宾语时,可放在副词前,也可放在副词后;代词做其宾语时,只能放在动词和副词之间。
教室很脏。请打扫一下。The classroom is dirty. Please clean it up.
注意 如果在clean和up中间加上连词符,它就是名词,表示“扫除”。
你必须对房间进行彻底打扫。You must give your room a good clean-up.
中考链接 根据所给提示完成句子
By the time I joined Greener Group, they ___had volunteered to clean(up)the library/libraries___(义务打扫图书馆)for 2 years.(volunteer)
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.女孩可以看望医院里患病的孩子,使他们振作起来。(P9)
『考点3』 cheer up的用法
用法分析 cheer up意为"(使)变得高兴;振奋起来",属于“动词+副词”结构,接代词it/them时要放在cheer up中间;接名词时放后面、中间都可以。
这个好消息使我们高兴了起来。The good news cheered us up.
考点拓展(1)cheer up也可单独使用,常用于口语中,用以鼓励对方振作起来。
Cheer up!Our troubles will soon be over.振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
(2)cheers为感叹词,用于祝酒,意为“干杯”。
Cheers!My friends!干杯!我的朋友们!
中考链接
—Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
—Don’t worry. A box of chocolates will ___C___ her ______.
A give; up B. wake; up C. cheer; up D. pick; up
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。(P9)
『考点4』 give out的用法
用法分析 give out意为“分发;发放;发布”,相当于hand out,属于“动词+副词”结构,故接代词it/them时要放在give out中间;接名词时放后面、中间都可以。
请在课前发考试卷。Please give out the exam papers before class.
这些故事书很有趣。请把它们分给孩子们。These story-books are interesting. Please give them out to the children.
考点拓展 give的常用短语还有:give up放弃;give in屈服,让步;give over沉溺于(某种状态);give away免费送出;give sth. to sb.把某物给某人;give back归还;give advice on…提供有关……的建议;give a talk做演讲/报告。
中考链接
I will give a T-shirt ___B___ my brother as a birthday present.
A. by B. to C. from
4. Let’s make some notices, too.让我们也制作一些公告吧。(P10)
『考点5』 notice的用法
用法分析 notice为可数名词,意为“公告牌;通告;布告”。
墙上有些通告。There are some notices on the wall.
考点拓展 notice做动词,意为“注意到;察觉到”。
常用结构如下:
(1)notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事,强调动作已经完成。
I noticed him leave the school.我注意到他离开学校了。
(2)notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行。
I notice Mr. Wang entering his office.我注意到王先生正在走进办公室。
(3)be noticed to do sth.被注意到做了某事(被动语态)。
She was noticed to enter the office.有人看见她走进办公室了。
(4)notice sth. done注意到某事被做。
I noticed the glass broken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了。
5. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day.我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。(P10)
『考点6』 come up with的用法
用法分析 come up with(针对问题、方法等)提出或想出(主意等),相当于think up。
我想出了一个计划,我认为能行得通。I have come up with a plan and I think it will work.
这个聪明的男孩通常能提出一些好主意。The clever boy usually comes up with some good ideas.
考点拓展(1)come up with还可表示“赶上;追上;跟上”,相当于catch up with。
I worked hard, and finally I came up with my classmates.我努力学习,最后赶上了我的同学们。
(2)come up to...表示“来到……面前”。
He came up to me and showed me his new shoes.他走到我跟前,让我看他的新鞋。
中考链接
The government of China ___A___ the idea of A Belt and A Road in 2013.
A. came up with B. cheered up C. put up
6. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?哦,他们让你帮什么忙了?(P10)
『考点7』 help out的用法
用法分析 help out意为“帮助解决困难”,是动副短语,out为副词,代词做宾语时要放在out之前。
我生病时他分担了我的工作。He helped me out when I was ill.
中考链接 根据所给提示完成句子
—Is there anyone you admire in your life?
—Well, I ___look up to the policeman/policewoman who(has)helped me out of trouble/get out of trouble___(崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察).(look)
7. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.是的,许多老人很孤独。(P10)
『考点8』 lonely的用法
用法分析 lonely为形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的”。
她常感到寂寞。She often feels lonely.
考点辨析 alone, lonely
(1)alone做形容词和副词,意为“单独的/地,独自的/地”,重在强调单独无伴,相当于by oneself。
I like reading alone.我喜欢独自一人读书。
He is alone there.
=He is there by himself.只有他在那儿。
(2)lonely做形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,是缺少朋友的同情、友谊的一种悲伤、忧郁的感情,指人所处的孤独状态,也可表示某地“荒凉的”。
I never feel lonely because I have many friends here.我从未感到孤独,因为我在这儿有许多朋友。
When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.妻子和两个小孩子离他而去之后,他感到很孤独。
He went to the lonely mountain village.他到那个偏僻的山村去了。
中考链接
It is very relaxing to listen to light music by oneself.(同义替换)___C___
A. together B. lonely C. alone D. again
8. We should listen to them and care for them我们应该倾听他们并关心他们。(P10)
『考点9』 care for的用法
用法分析 care for表示“照顾,照料”,相当于take care of或look after.
The children are well cared for in the kindergarten.
= The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园得到了很好的照顾。
考点辨析 care for, care about
(1)care for照顾,关心,喜欢,表示照料、关心某人时,常用于肯定句,表示喜欢某人/物时,常用于否定句或疑问句。
I hope all the students in our class will care for each other.我希望我们班上的所有同学都互相关心。
I don’t care for tea.我不喜欢喝茶。
(2)care about关心,计较,在乎,指由于某事重要或因责任所在而关心、计较,一般用于否定句。
He doesn’t care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。
中考链接
—Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus.
—That’s good. The old should be ___D___.
A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for
9. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.来自河畔中学的马里奥·格林和玛丽·布朗每周都放弃几个小时的时间来帮助别人。(P11)
『考点10』 several 的用法
用法分析(1)several做形容词,意为“几个的;数个的”,用来修饰可数名词复数,做定语。
这儿有几则新闻。Here are several pieces of news.
(2)several做代词,意为“几个,数个,—些”,常用作主语或宾语。
他们中的几个人昨天去海滩了。Several of them went to the beach yesterday.
考点拓展(1)修饰可数名词复数的词(组):several, many, few, a few, a numberof等。
(2)修饰不可数名词的词(组):much, litle, a little等。
(3)既可以修饰可数名词的复数又可以修饰不可数名词的词(组):some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
中考链接
My sister can speak ___A___ languages. She can speak English, Spanish and Japanese.
A. several B. few C. all
10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.当我看到动物们病情好转以及它们主人脸上的喜悦之情时,我获得了一种如此强烈的满足感。(P11)
句子结构分析 本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。
『考点11』 feeling的用法
用法分析 feeling为可数名词,意为“感觉,感触”,其动词形式为feel,表示人的愤怒、悲伤、快乐、饥饿等感觉时为可数名词。
考点拓展 feel做系动词时,后接形容词做表语;做实义动词时,是感官动词,其后可接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,即:feel sb. /sth.do sth.(感觉某人/某物做某事),feel sb. /sth.doing sth.感觉某人/某物正在做某事。
I feel relaxed after the test.考试后我觉得很放松。
People felt the houses shake in Wenchuan.汶川的人感到房子在摇晃。
I can feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹到我的脸上。
固定搭配(1)feel like意为“想要(做某事)”,其后接名词或动名词,不能接不定式。
He didn’t feel like going to school.他不想去上学。
(2)feel like的另一个意思是“摸起来好像”。
It feels like silk.它摸起来像丝绸。
『考点12』 owner的用法
用法分析 owner为可数名词,意为“物主;主人”,the owner of意为“…...的主人”。
Who is the owner of the dog?谁是这只狗的主人?
注意 own v.拥有;adj,自己的。
11. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.去年,她决定尝试做一名课后读书计划的志愿者。(P11)
『考点13』 try out的用法
用法分析 try out意为“试验,尝试”,是“动词+副词”结构的短语,当代词做宾语时,要放在try和out之间;当名词做宾语时,放在try与out之间或之后均可。常与介词for连用,用来引出尝试的内容。
我想试验我的一些设想。I want to try out some of my ideas.
12. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.孩子们坐在图书馆里,但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们将要和每一本新书一起进行一次不一样的旅行。(P11)
『考点14』 “go on a+名词”的用法
用法分析 going on a dfferent journey是“go on a+名词”结构,意为“举行.......;进行……”。.
『考点15』 journey 的用法
用法分析 journey为名词,意为“(尤指长途)旅行;行程”。
考点辨析 tour, trip, journey, travet
(1)tour指到各地观光、考察,中途有停留点,绕行后再回到原出发点的旅行,也用来指观光与商业旅行等。
He made a three-day tour to Hong Kong.他去香港进行了一次三日游。
(2)trip多指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和访问的总的情况,可意为“远足”。
He is going on a trip.他要外出旅行。
I took several trips to Qingdao.我去过青岛几次。
(3)journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行,常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长,而且有最终不一定又回到原出发地的含义,常蕴涵辛苦的意味。
He decided to make his journey to Ottawa.他决定到渥太华旅游。
(4)travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,泛指一切陆上、水上或空中的旅行,尤指到国外的旅行,它无定向的目的地,有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。
Did you enjoy your travels in China?你的中国之行愉快吗?
13. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.这里的志愿活动对我来说是一个梦想的实现。(P11)
句子结构分析 本句中Volunteering here为动名词短语,在句中做主语。动名词(短语)做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Flying kites in the open air is far more enjoyable than playing chess.户外放风筝比下国际象棋有趣得多。
Looking after the patients is a nurse’s job.照料病人是护士的工作。
Reading English novels is really funny.
= It is really funny to read English novels.读英语小说真有意思。
『考点16』 come true的用法
用法分析 come true意为“实现”,其中的come是系动词,true是表语。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
中考链接
—If you try hard, your dream will ___A___.
—Yes, I ______ .
A. come true; will B. be truly; will C. come true; do D. be true; do
14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我能做我喜欢做的事情,与此同时我也能帮助别人。(P11)
句子结构分析 本句中的and连接两个并列谓语。句中what I love to do做第一个do的宾语,为宾语从句。当宾语从句为疑问句时,用陈述语序。
I can do what I love to do and help
主语 谓语 宾语从句 谓语
others at the same time.
15. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。(P12)
『考点17』 put off的用法
用法分析 put off意为“推迟;拖延”,可与名词、代词、宾语从句或动名词连用,但不能接不定式。off为副词,接代词时放在put与off之间。
Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今日事,今日毕。
中考链接
—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?
—I’m afraid not. You can’t ___A___ today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
16. She hopes to call up at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their affter-school programs.她希望给至少五所小学打电话,询问他们是否需要课后活动的志愿者。(P12)
『考点18』 call up的用法
用法分析 call up意为“给……打电话”,后面接指人的词汇,该短语是由“动词+副词”构成,如果它的宾语是代词,代词要放在副词之前。
请马上给他打电话。Please call him up at once, please.
注意 表示“给......打电话”的常见说法有:give sb. a call, ring sb. up, give sb. a ring, telephone/phone sb. up, telephone/phone(to)sb.等。
中考链接
On my way home, I saw a granny fall down. I offered help first and then ___A___ the police.
A. called up B. cared for C. cheered up D. found out
17. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.例如,我们能制订计划去看望医院的患病儿童或为无家可归的人筹钱。(P12)
『考点19』 raise的用法
用法分析 raise做及物动词,意为“募集;征集”,其过去式和过去分词均为raised。常用短语:raise money for…意为“为……筹款”。
They want to raise money for homeless people.他们想为无家可归的人筹钱。
考点拓展 raise的其他含义:
(1)举起;提升。
Raise your hand to get permission to speak.举手争取发言权。
(2)培养;抚养。
The poor parents raised her as an engineer.贫穷的父母把她培养成一位工程师。
中考链接
—How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital?
—We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs.(同义替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
B考点精析
1. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。(P13)
『考点1』 take after的用法
用法分析 take after 意为“(外貌或行为)像”,尤指因血缘关系而相像,其同义短语为be similar to,不能用于进行时态。take after是“动词+介词”构成的短语,无论是名词还是代词做宾语,都位于after的后面。
令我惊奇的是,吉姆和他的父亲一点儿也不像。To my surprise, Jim doesn’t take after his father at all.
像他父亲一样,他很有数学天赋。He takes after his father in mathematical ability.
考点拓展 look lik...看起来……多指外貌;be similar to...与……相似可以是长相、外貌、观点等)。
She looks like her mother.她看起来像她的妈妈。(外貌)
Your views on education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的类似。
中考链接
He ___B___ his elder brother; that’s why so many people think of them as twins.
A. looks after B. takes after C. runs after
2. I fixed it up.我把它修好了。(P13)
『考点2』 fix up的用法
用法分析 fix up为“动词+副词”短语,意为“修理”,代词做其宾语时,要放在fix和up之间。
汤姆的汽车坏了。让我们帮他修理一下吧。Tom’s car is broken. Let’s fix it up for him.
中考链接
My bike is broken. I will have it ___B___ tomorrow morning.
A. fix up B. fixed up C. repairing D. to repair
3. I repaired it.我把它修好了。(P13)
『考点3』 repair的用法
用法分析 repair为及物动词,意为“修理;修补”,对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。
他正在修理一个飞机模型。He is repairing a model plane.
考点辨析 repair, fix, mend
(1)repair与fix都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性能或机能,其对象范围很广,从道路、机器到日常用品。
repair/fix a machine/watch/road修理机器/手表/道路
(2)mend表示修补破损的东西,使其恢复原样,一般指较小的物品。
mend the window修理窗户
4. I’m similar to her.我和她很像。(P13)
『考点4』 similar的用法
用法分析 sinilar为形容词,意为“类似的;相似的”。常用短语:be similar to表示“与……相似”。
Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden.他们的房子和我们的差不多,只是我们的花园大些。
考点拓展 be similar in意为“在……方面相似”。
The two sweaters are similar in color.这两件毛衣颜色相近。
5. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我确定你知道这个团体是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人而建立的。(P14)
句子结构分析 本句是含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句为I’m sure, this group was set up to help disabled people like me为宾语从句。宾语从句中was set up为一般过去时的被动语态结构。
『考点5』 be sure的用法
用法分析 be sure后接从句,意为“认为……一定会,确信”,主语必须用表示人的名词或代词来充当。接that引导的从句时,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether或where, when, who等引导的名词性从句,这时主句通常为否定形式。
我确信他认识你。I am sure(that)he has known you.
你确信她是对的吗?Are you sure that she is right?
我不确定以前是否见过他。I’m not sure whether I’ve met him before.
考点拓展 be sure to do sth.表示“肯定/一定会做某事”;be sure of/about sth.表示“对某事有把握”;to be sure表示“诚然,的确”。
We are sure to take part in the sports meeting.我们肯定会参加这个运动会。
To be sure, she is not pretty.的确,她并不漂亮。
『考点6』 set up的用法
用法分析 set up意为“设立;建立”。
我们将在这个学校附近建一个商店。We’ll set up a shop near the school.
考点辨析 set up, build
(1)set up意为“开办;建立”,常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用,这时与found的意义基本相同,但found更着重打基础。set up后常接school, hospital, state, government, shop, business等名词。
A new middle school has been set up in the village.村里建了一所新中学。
(2)build主要指“修建;建筑”,常接house, road, bridge, hope等。
The house is built of wood.这房子是用木头建造的。
中考链接
—What should we do for the disabled children?
—You should ___B___ a study group to help them.
A. take up B. set up C. look up D. put up
『考点7』 disabled的用法
用法分析 disabled为形容词,意为“丧失能力的;有残疾的”,是由否定前缀dis-+ abled构成。
我希望会有更多的人关心残疾人。I hope more people will care about the disabled.
考点拓展 加否定前缀dis构成的反义词:
agree→disagree appear→disappear honest→dishonest
6. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.你的帮助使我拥有“幸运”这件事成为可能。(P14)
『考点8』 make it+adj.+ for sb. to do sth.的用法
句子结构分析 本句中make it possible for me to have Lucky是“makeit+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.”结构,意为“使(某人)帮某事成……”。在此结构中,make为使役动词,意为“使;让”,it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语,用于这种结构的动词还有think, find等。make it possible表示“使……成为可能”,it指代to have Lucky。
We will make it easier to do it in this way.我们这样做会更容易。
I found it very dificult to learn a foreign language well.我发现学好外语很困难。
注意 除make外,常用于这个结构的词汇还有think和find等。
7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。(P14)
『考点9』 make a difference的用法
用法分析 make a difference意为“影响;有作用”。make some/no difference(to sb. /sth.)意为“(对某人/某物)有些影响/没有影响,(对某人/某物)重要/不重要”。difference前还可用much, big等来修饰。
Fresh air makes a difference to our health.新鲜的空气对我们的健康很重要。
中考链接
—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?
—Either day is OK. It makes no ___C___ to me.
A. chore B. change C. difference D. decision
8. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your handseasily.或是想象你不能行走或自如地使用你的手。(P14)
『考点10』 imagine的用法
用法分析 imagine做动词,意为“想象;设想”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句做宾语,不可用于进行时态。其名词形式为imagination,意为“想象”。常用结构:
(1)接that或what引导的宾语从句。
我想象不出下一步会发生什么。I couldn’t imagine what would happen next.
(2)imagine doing sth.意为“想象做某事”。
我难以想象生活在这样一个地方。I can’t imagine living in such a place.
9. Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difculties.大多数人从不思考这个问题,但是许多人都有这些困难。(P14)
『考点11』 difficulty的用法
用法分析 difficulty为名词,意为“困难;难题”,具体用法如下:
difficulty 表示具体意义的“困难"(如难事、难点、难题等)时,是可数名词。
表示抽象意义的“困难”时,是不可数名词。
每当我做事遇到困难时,我就向老师征求意见。I’ll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something.
考点拓展 dificult adj.困难的,用作形容词时,与hard意思相近,可与系动词连用,也可以修饰名词,做定语。
This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
It’s difficult for me.对我来说这很难。
固定搭配
with difficulty困难地 without difficulty容易地
be in difficulty有困难
run into difficulties遭遇困难
have dfficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难
中考链接
—I’m Daisy, not Jessie.
—Sorry, I have dffculty ___A___ people’s name.
A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered
10. I can’t use my arms or legs well, SO normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, orcarrying things are difficult for me.我不能很好地使用我的胳膊和腿,因此,像接电话、开关门或者搬运东西这些事情对我来说都很困难。(P14)
『考点12』 open的用法
用法分析 open在此处用作动词,意为“开;打开”,其反义词是close“关上”。
考点辨析 turn on, open
turn on 指打开水、煤气及电视、电灯、电脑、收音机等电器开关,反义词组为turn off(关掉)。
open 指打开门、窗、箱、盒、书等物品,反义词为close(关)。open还可做形容词,意为“开着的”。
Please turn on the TV. I want to see the news.请打开电视。我想看新闻。
He can’t wait to open the box.他等不及要打开这个盒子。
She’s not asleep and her eyes are open.她没睡着,她的眼睛是睁着的。
Open your books at Page 100.打开书翻到100页。
中考链接
___A___ the light, please. This is a room with enough natural light.
A. Turn off B. Turn on C. Turn down
『考点13』 carry的用法
用法分析 carry为动词,意为“拿;抱;扛”。
这个袋子太重了。让我们一起来抬吧。The bag is too heavy. Let’s carry it together.
他正搬着一个大箱子。He is carrying a big box.
考点辨析 bring, take, fetch/get, carry
bring 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地点,动作由远及近。
take 指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走,动作由近及远。
fetch/get 指从说话者所在地到某处,然后从某处把某物带回到说话者所在地,动作是先去后回。
carry 不特别表示带到什么地方,而携带或搬运的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
Don’t forget to bring me that book next time you come.下次你来的时候,别忘了把那本书给我带来。
When he leaves, he will take the book with him.他走的时候会把书带走的。
You have to fetch/get the book.你得去把那本书取回来。
The boxis too heavy for me to carry.那箱子太重了,我搬不动。
中考链接
—I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I ___D___ my English exercise book at home.
—It doesn’t matter. Please remember ______ it here this afternoon.
A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. forgot; to take D. left; to bring
11. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.我喜欢动物并且我对拥有一条狗的想法感到兴奋。(P14)
『考点14』 excited的用法
用法分析 excited为形容词,意为“兴奋的,激动的,感到兴奋的”。常用结构:be excited about. 对……感到激动。
We are very excited to hear of your success.听说你们的成功,我们非常兴奋。
考点拓展(1)exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,用于形容感情方面影响他人的人或事,主语一般是物,在句中做表语或定语。
The news is so exciting that we can’t go to sleep.这个消息让我们兴奋得无法入睡。
(2)excited意为“兴奋的”,多指人受到事物的影响,主语一般是人。
Everybody was excited by the news of victory.每个人都为这胜利的消息而激动。
注意 与exciting, excited用法相似的常见词有:bored厌倦的→boring无趣的,relaxed放松的→relexing令人放松的。
中考链接
What ___D___ news!We’ve never had such a long vacation before.
A. missing B. boring C. worrying D. exciting
12. My dog’s name is Lucky—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.我的狗的名字是!“幸运”对他来说是一个好名字,因为有了他我感觉很幸运。(P14)
『考点15』 be/feel lucky to do sth.的用法
用法分析 be/feel lucky to do sth.意为“做某事感到很幸运”,其中lucky为形容词,意为“幸运的”。
你能拥有像王越这样的好朋友真是幸运。You are so lucky to have such a good friend like Wang Yue.
注意 lucky的名词形式为luck(运气),副词形式为luckily(幸运地),其反义词为unlucky(不幸的)。
13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.“幸运”很聪明并且懂得很多英文单词。(P14)
『考点16』 clever 的用法
用法分析 clever为形容词,意为“聪明的;聪颖的”,比较级为cleverer,最高级为cleverest.
She is a clever girl.她是个聪明的女孩。
考点辨析 clever, cute, smart
(1)clever聪明的,机灵的。表示人或动物脑子灵活、机敏,尤指很有理解力或学习能力。
These children are clever and hard-working.这些孩子聪明又勤奋。
He is clever at learning foreign languages.他在学习外语方面是很聪明的。
A monkey is a clever animal.猴子是聪明的动物。
(2)cute惹人喜爱的,机灵的,漂亮的。多用来指动物的聪明、漂亮及惹人喜爱。cute指人时表示“小巧可爱的,漂亮的,惹人喜爱的"。
My dog is really cute.我的狗很可爱。
(3)smart聪明的,指灵巧,敏捷,但有俏皮和轻浮的意味,还可以表示人、服装等时髦的、整洁的、帅气的。
She is smart in all things.她各方面都很精明。
He looks quite smart in his uniform.他穿上制服显得很帅气。
中考链接
—Lily has two sisters, doesn’t she?
—Yes. She’s taller and older than her two sisters, but she’s not ___D___ one of the three.
A. the tallest B. youngest C. shortest D. the cleverest
14. The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这些想法效果很好。(P16)
『考点17』 work out的用法
用法分析 work out意为“产生良好的结果;成效”。
Things worked out well for Jenny in the end.对珍妮来说事情的最终结果不错。
If the traffic plan works out, it will be used in other cities, too.如果这项交通计划有成效,其他城市也将执行。
考点拓展 work out还可意为“算出来”。
The problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.这道题太难了,我解不出来。
I’m trying to work out the answer.我正在努力算出答案。
中考链接
Xiongan New Area will help ___C___ big problems in Beiing, such as traffic jams.
A. set out B. check out C. work out D. give out
语法讲练案
语法精讲
动词短语
一、基本用法
1.动词短语的定义
在英语中,动词短语是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语,表达一种特定的含义,其作用和动词差不多。有些动词短语相当于及物动词,有些则相当于不及物动词。
2.动词短语的构成
一般情况下,动词短语在结构上主要有:动词+介词;动词+副词;动词+副词+介词;动词+名词+介词。
(1)类型1:动词+介词
“动词+介词"构成的短语相当于及物动词,后面必须有宾语,且宾语只能位于介词之后,这类介词有at, for, after, from, into, of, on, to, with, about等。
look after照顾,照看 look for寻找 look at看 wait for等待 take after与……相像 care for 喜欢agree with同意 think about考虑 come from来自 send for 派人去请 depend on依靠 think of想起 hear from 收到……的来信 ask for请求,要求 break into破门而入 come across偶然碰到 laugh at嘲笑 stand for代表 look into调查
(2)类型2:动词+副词
“动词+副词"构成的短语既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词。名词做宾语时,可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后。代词做宾语时只能位于动词与副词之间,常见的副词有:out, up, on, back, away, over, off等
cheer up振奋起来 clean up打扫干净 give up放弃 fixup修理 put up张贴;举起;搭建 put off推迟 take away拿走 turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn up开大;调高 turn down调低;关小;拒绝 turn out结果是 turn over翻转 bring up提出;抚养 get up起床;站起 make up编造 stay up熬夜 show up 出席;露面 pick up捡起;接电话 look up查找;向上看 take up学着做;开始做;占据 get out出去 find out发现give out= hand out分发 look out注意;小心 put out扑灭 get on上车;进展 try on试穿keep on继续(进行) hold on等一等(别挂电话) put on穿上;上演;增加(体重) put away把……收好 put down写下,记下 put out熄灭 put back放回原处 eat up吃光
(3)类型3:动词+副词+介词
“动词+副词+介词"构成的短语,是动副短语和动介短语的合体,相当于及物动词,宾语放在介词的后面。
come up with想出 catch up with赶上 look forward to期待,期望 run out of耗尽,用尽get away from脱身 get along with相处 go on with继续 keep away from远离
(4)类型4:动词+名词+介词
“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语只能用作及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语位于介词之后。
Make fun of取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 make friends with与……朋友 have a look at看一看 make sense of理解,弄懂 take part in参加
二、特殊用法
1.在“动词+副词”构成的动词短语中,副词可以和后面做宾语的名词进行位置上的互换,但如果宾语是代词,该宾语通常放在动词和副词之间。
I did want a holiday abroad, but I’ve given up the idea.我确实想出国度假,但我已放弃了这个想法。
2.在“动词+介词”和“动词+副词+介词”型的动词短语中,不论是名词还是代词做宾语都必须放在介词的后面。
I agree with what you said.我同意你说的。
He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.他努力学习希望能赶上同班同学。
动词不定式
一、基本用法
1.动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,使用时有时可以不带to,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语,to本身无意义,动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。
2.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式前面加not,即“not+动词不定式”。
3.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。
(1)动词不定式(短语)做主语
动词不定式(短语)在句中做主语时,一般位于句首,相当于名词或代词,谓语动词用单数,有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it做形式主语。
To learn foreign languages is very useful.学外语很有用。
I think it’s necessary for us to read a lot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。
(2)动词不定式(短语)做表语
动词不定式(短语)做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义,常用于be动词的后面。
My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。
(3)动词不定式(短语)做宾语
动词不定式(短语)做宾语有两种情况:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另—种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。”
I hope to see you tomorrow.我希望明天见到你。
注意 其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有:
想要,拒绝,忘记(want, refuse, forget)
需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn)
选择,同意,帮助(choose, agree, help)
希望,决定,开始(hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
(4)动词不定式(短语)做宾语补足语
常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage, make, warn, help等。
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
(5)动词不定式(短语)做定语
动词不定式(短语)做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,置于被修饰词之后,即做后置定语。
—Would you like something to eat?你想要些吃的吗?
—Yes, please.好的。
注意 动词不定式(短语)做定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
The old man has no house to live in.这位老人没有房子住。
(6)动词不定式(短语)做状语
动词不定式(短语)做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。
①动词不定式做目的状语,可以放在句首,一般用逗号隔开,也可以放在句尾。
To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿,他们很早就出发了。
②动词不定式做结果状语,常用在too...to...结构中。
The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小,还不能照顾自己。
③动词不定式做原因状语,常跟在做表语的形容词后。
I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。
二、特殊用法
1.不定式(短语)做主语时,常用it代替它做形式主语,而将不定式放到后面,有三种情况:
(1)It is+名词+to do sth.
It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
(2)It takes/took sb.+some time+ to do sth.
How long did it take you to finish your homework?你花了多长时间完成作业?
(3)It is+形容词(easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…)+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.
It is clever of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。
2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,宾语补足语是形容词或名词,常用it做形式主语,把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。
(1)在使役动词have, make, let之后。
His mother makes him sweep the floor.他妈妈让他扫地。
(2)在感官动词(短语)feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at之后。
Did you notice her leave the room?她离开房间时你注意到了吗?
(3)help后的不定式可省略to,也可带上to。
He often helps me(to)learn maths.他经常帮助我学数学。
(4)在一些固定搭配中,如“had better do sth.”,“Why not do sth.?”,“would rather do sth. than do sth.”等。
语法专练
1. Anna is preparing for the coming exam, so she has to ___B___ the invitation to the party.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off D. turn up
2. —Can I help you?
—The pants look very nice. Can I ___B___?
A. try it on B. try them on C. try on it D. try on them
3. —Jenny, it’s cold outside. ___B___ your coat when you go out.
—OK, dad.
A. Put away B. Put on C. Take off D. Take away
4. The girl has to ___D___ her grandma because her parents are working in another city.
A. look at B. look into C. look through D. look after
5. —I’d like to buy a new oven.
—The ones over there sell well. You can ___D___ one by one to have a try.
A. turn on it B. turn it on C. turn on them D. turn them on
6. Jim went to the library ___C___ some science magazines yesterday.
A. borrow B. borrows C. to borrow D. borrowed
7. Chinese parents always try their best ___B___ a good education environment for their kids.
A. provide B. to provide C. providing
8. 一Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.
一Wait a minute. It’s dangerous ___C___ it while crossing the street.
A. answering B. answer C. to answer
9. I go to my grandparents’ home ___C___ with their housework every Sunday.
A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping
10. After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important ___C___ a peaceful world.
A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build
11. We set up this group ___B___ disabled people like Ben Smith.
A. help B. to help C. helping
12. Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided ___C___his own restaurant.
A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening
13. Grandfather lives with us. We all ___C___ him.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look like
14. If you want to know more about space, please ___A___ the book A Brief History of Time.
A. look through B. look around C. look after D. look down upon
15. The boy likes planes very much and he often goes to see planes land and ___B___.
A. take care of B. take off C. take after D. take down
单元写作案
提供帮助及志愿服务
写作分析
本单元的写作内容是提供帮助与志愿服务,围绕这一话题谈论提供帮助、倡导公益活动等。通过一些志愿活动和慈善事业树立自己的责任意识和社会意识,培养乐于参加公益事业的情怀。写此类文章可以从以下几方面作为切入点:
一是根据所给提示信息写一封申请信,申请担任志愿者,句子表达要用第一人称且以一般现在时为主;二是写自荐信,写信的目的是想成为一名志愿者,根据提示内容适度发挥。
如何写好这类文章,主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式:
※常用的词汇
join in/take part in参加
care for喜欢
do/try one’s best to do尽某人最大努力去做……
volunteer志愿/志愿者
be good at擅长
look forward to期望,盼望
※常用的句型句式
I’d like to help...我愿意帮助…...
You could ask...你可以问..….
He volunteers...to hep...他志愿......来帮助……
I think we’d better...我认为我们最好..….
※常用开头结尾句
I’d like to volunteer as...我愿意作为..….参加志愿活动。
You ask me what I can do for...你问我能为.…...做什么。
I wish...to have a better future.我希望…...有一个更好的未来。
So I’m glad to have joined in...and gained some valuable experience from...所以我很高兴加入.…..并从中获得了一些有价值的经验。
经典试题
(广州中考改编)五四青年节那天,你参加了学校组织的志愿者活动。你的英语老师要求你写一则英文日记,包括以下要点:
1.时间:2018年5月4日
2.地点:广东博物馆
3.内容:
七年级学生:当导游,带参观者到不同展馆
八年级学生:表演短剧,介绍广州历史
九年级学生:制作海报,帮助人们了解岭南文化
4.意义(活动对你个人和社会的意义)
注意:1.参考词汇:展馆(display room),海报(poster);
2.词数:80左右(日记的开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
3.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。
Friday, May 4th, 2018
Dear Diary,
I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today.
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思路点拨 讲出了“我”参加活动的经过 I went to Guangzhou Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today.
描写“我”的感受 We can learn how to work well in a team and improve our interpersonal skills and the organizational ability.
范文赏析
Friday, May 4th, 2018
Dear Diary,
I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today. The students in three different grades all took part in the activity and they had different work to do. The Grade Seven students led the tourists to the different display rooms as guides. The students who performed short plays and introduced the history of Guangzhou are from the eighth grade. Those from the ninth grade made posters to attract people to come to know about the Lingnan Culture.
Undoubtedly, by taking the volunteering activities, we can learn how to work well in a team and improve our interpersonal skills and the organizational ability. All of these are of importance for our growth. So I’m glad to have joined in it and gained some valuable experience from it.
名师点评
本文讲述了“我”参加活动的经过并描写了“我”的感受。文章表达顺畅,层次分明。
1.第一段用了who引导的定语从句,修饰The studentso。
2.在句式使用上用法多样,Those.from the ninth grade与前文的The Grade Seven students及The students who...表达意图一样,但句式变化,避免了重复。
3.文章最后一句的to have joined in it and gained为动词不定式的完成式,表示已经完成的动作。