Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
Section A
考点精析
1 Turn on the blender.打开搅拌器。(P57)
『考点1』turn on的用法
用法分析 turn on意为“打开”,反义词组turn off,都是“动词+副词”构成的动词短语,后接代词做宾语时,该代词要位于副词之前,若后接名词做宾语,则该名词位于副词前、后都可以。
今天天气真热。请打开空调好吗?It’s so hot today. Could you please turn on the air conditioner?
搅拌器有毛病。请不要打开它。There is something wrong with the blender. Don’t turn it on, please.
考点拓展
含turn的短语 turn around 转身
turn up 调高(音量等)
turn over 翻转
turn out 出席,在场
turn down 调低(音量等)
turn into 使成为
考点辨析 turn on,open
不同的“开” tum on开;打开 打开水龙头、煤气及电视、电灯、电脑、收音机等电器的开关 turn of关掉
open开;打开 打开门、窗、精、金、书等 close关上 open形容词“开着的,睁着的”
Mother is asleep. You’d better not turn on the TV set.妈妈睡觉了。你最好别开电视机。
The boy is opening the door.这个男孩正在开门。
中考链接 Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ___B___ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
2 Cut up the bananas.切香蕉。(P57)
『考点2』cut up的用法
用法分析 cut up意为“把…切碎、切开”,为动副短语,相当于cut...into pieces。
她把蛋糕切开了。She cut up the cake.
你必须切开它,用叉子吃。You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.
固定搭配 含cut的短语
cut down砍倒
cut out 删除
cut off切断,中断
cut...into pieces把……切成碎片
中考链接 Here is a banana, please ___C___ .We’ll make a banana milk shake.
A. cut them up B. cut up it C. cut it up
3 Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒入搅拌器。(P57)
『考点3』pour的用法
用法分析 pour是及物动词,意为“倾倒,灌,浇”,后可以接名词/代词做宾语。pour可以接双宾语或介词短语,即pour sb. sth.(=pour sth. for sb.)。
需要我给你倒一碗牛奶吗?Shall I pour you a bowl of milk?
=Shall I pour a bowl of milk for you?
固定搭配 pour...in/into...把……倒入/灌入……里;pour...out把……倒出。
Don’t pour waste into the river.不要将废物倒进河里。
Please pour the milk out.请把牛奶倒出来。
考点拓展 into意为“到……里;进入到……之内”,表示“动态过程”的意义;in表示“静止”的状态,意为“在……里面”。
The man threw the letter in /into the fire.那个人把信扔进了火里。
She is walking in the room.她正在房间里踱来激去。
She is walking into the room.她正走进房间。
考题预测 Don’t ___B___ the milk into the cup. It’s full.
A. peel B. pour C. leave D. drink
4 Put the bananas and ice- cream in the blender.把香蕉和冰淇淋放入搅拌器。(P57)
『考点4』put...in的用法
用法分析 put...in意为“把……放进……里”,强调放入的结果。put...into表示“把……放进……里去”,强调放入的过程。在put,throw,jump,fall等动词之后,既可以用in,也可以用into。
I want to put it in the box.我想把它放进盒子里。
注意 put...in表示“把……放进……里”,但是put in 表示“安装”的意思。
固定搭配 含put的常考短语
put away收拾;放好
put off推迟
put up举起;张贴
put out 熄灭;扑灭
put down记下;放下
put on穿上;发胖
中考链接 The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be ___C___ on the website.
A. put away B. put off C. put up D. put on
5 How do you make a banana milk shake?你怎么做香蕉奶昔?(P57)
『考点5』how的用法
用法分析 how特殊疑问词,意为“怎样,如何”,用以对做某事的方式、方法、途径及动作程度等进行提问。
你是怎样感冒的?-How did you catch a cold?
淋雨得的。-By staying in the rain.
『考点6』make的用法
用法分析 make一般指含有创造性的劳动,侧重于“制作,制造”,也就是将一些原来没有的东西制造出来。“做”蛋糕、奶昔、风筝、衣服、纸花、饭等习惯上用make。make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb.意为“为某人制作某物”。
她经常为我做一些新鲜的果汁。She often makes some fresh juice for me.
注意 do也表示“做”,常指做一件不具体的或抽象的事,也表示做某种工作。“做”工作、作业、练习题、早操等,习惯上都要用do。
6 How much yogurt do we need?我们需要多少酸奶?(P58)
『考点7』how much的用法
用法分析 how much表示“多少”,后面跟不可数名词。
考点拓展
“多少”不同 how much 提问数量,后接不可数名词 用来询问价格“多少钱”
how many 后面接可数名词复数,对数量的“多少”进行提问
How much is the computer?
=What’s the price of the computer?这台电脑多少钱?
How many students took part in the school sports meeting in your class?你们班有多少学生参加了学校运动会?
考题预测 - ___D___ sugar do we need to make popcorn?
-One teaspoon.
A. How many B. How old C. How long D. How much
『考点8』need的用法
用法分析 句中need是实义动词,意为“需要”,有人称、数、时态的变化,后接名词、动名词或不定式做宾语。其否定、疑问句要借助助动词does/do/did。
我们需要想出一个计划。We need to come up with a plan.
考点拓展
need需要 实义动词 人做主语,后接名词或动词不定式 物做主语,后接动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动式
情态动词 后接动词原形,无人称、数、时态变化,用于疑问句/否定句/条件句
We need to work harder.我们需要更加努力地工作。
The floor needs sweeping every day.
=The floor needs to be swept every day.这地板需要每天打扫。
You needn’t do it at once.你不必马上就做。
中考特殊考点 needn’t 可以对must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答。
中考链接 -Must I finish reading the book today, Mr. Brown?
-No, you ___A___ .You can finish it in two days.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t
7 First, buy some beef, one cabbage....首先买些牛肉、一棵卷心菜、…(P58)
『考点9』顺序表达的用法
用法分析 first...next...then...finally意为“首先……接下来……然后……最后”。
(1)当我们向别人讲述一件事情的发生或讲述做事的先后顺序或者介绍事物时,常使用此句型。
(2)该句型相当于First,…Second,...Third,...或In the first…, In the second…或Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...,这样既有条理,又有连贯性。
今天我们先学课文,然后我会提几个问题。最后进行一小段听写。Today we’ll study the text first, and then I’ll ask you some questions. Finally, we’ll have a short dictation.
考点拓展 at first 相当于at the beginning,意为“起先;开头;最初”,强调时间顺序。first of all意为“首先;第一”,用于强调事情。
At first I didn’t like English, but now I do.最初我不喜欢英语,但现在我喜欢它了。
First of all, you’re supposed to introduce yourself before speaking.首先,你在发言之前要自我介绍。
中考链接 -Could you tell me how to behave politely in public in the UK?
-Yes. ___B___, you should keep your voice down and always queue.
A. After all B. First of all C. In all D. At all
8 Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.然后加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱,再煮上10分钟。(P58)
『考点10』add的用法
用法分析 add指“添加,加,增加”。
She tasted her soup, and then added more seasoning.她尝了尝汤,然后又加了些调料。
考点拓展
add add...to... 把……加 到……上, 把……加 到……中
add to 增加,增添
add up 把……加在一起
add up to 加起来共计、总共
Please add some salt to the soup.请往汤里加点盐。
I don’t want to add to his difficulties.我不想增加他的困难。
Add up 6,8 and 18 and you’ll get 32.把6、8和18相加,总数等于32。
The cost of two trips added up to 1,000 dollars.两次旅行的费用总计达1000美元。
考题预测 -How much salt do we need to add ___B___ the soup?
-One spoon. After that, we should cook it _______ another five minutes.
A. to;on B. to;for C. up;for D. up;on
『考点11』“another+基数词+复数名词”的用法
用法分析 another 10 minutes表示“再10分钟”。
“another+基数词+复数名词”表示“再……;又……”,相当于“基数词+more+复数名词”。
我还需要两张桌子。I need another two desks.
=I need two more desks.
他们在北京又待了三天。They stayed in Beijing for another three days.
=They stayed in Beijing for three more days.
考题预测 –Come on, Jack!We are waiting for you.
-Oh, no. I need ___C___ to finish the work.
A. more ten minutes
B. the other ten minutes
C. another ten minutes
D. other ten minute
9 Finally, don’t forget to add some salt.最后,别忘了放些盐。(P58)
『考点12』finally的用法
用法分析 finally意为“最后”,一般跟一系列事物或论点中的最后一项内容,相当于at last。
Finally, let’s do some English exercises.最后,我们来做一些英语练习吧。
考点辨析 finally,at last,in the end
finally 指一系列事物或论点的顺序,没有较强的感彩。
at last 最后,常常有浓厚的感彩。
in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难、挫折或捉摸不定的情况之后,某事才发生,意为“最后,终于”。
They finally found the lost wallet.最后他们终于找到了丢失的钱夹。
He failed in the examination three times, but at last he passed.他三次考试都没通过,但是最后通过了。
She tried several times, and in the end she succeeded.她尝试了多次,最后终于成功了。
中考链接 To our surprise, the computer ___C___ won the chess game against the human player.
A. certainly B. usually C. finally D. mostly
10 Half a cup.半杯。(P59)
『考点13』half的用法
用法分析 half a/an/the表示“半……,一半”。half a cup of半杯的……。
开垦这片土地花了我们半年的时间。It took us half a year to open up the land.
请给我半杯茶。我有点渴了。Please give me half a cup of tea. I am a little thirsty.
考点拓展 “half of十名词/代词”做主语,谓语动词由of后的名词或代词决定。
我们班级的学生有一半来自乡村。Half of the students in our class are from the countryside.
他一半的钱丢失了。Half of his money is lost.
中考特殊考点 (1)“数词十时间名词(单/复数)+and + a half”=“数词+and + a half+时间名词复数”表示“几小时天/月/年…半”
one/a hour and a half=one and a half hours一个半小时
three years and a half=three and a half years三年半
(2)当分钟数是30时,可用half(一半)表示。
9:30可表示为half past nine=thirty past nine
3:30可表示为half past three=thirty past three
考题预测 I have been in Canada for ___C___ .
A. one and half years
B. one and a half year
C. one year and a half
D. one years and a half
11 Do you know how to plant a tree?你知道怎样植树吗?(P59)
『考点14』“疑问词+不定式”的用法
用法分析 how to plant a tree是“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构常放在tell,show,teach,learn,know,discuss 等动词或词组之后做宾语。
11 Do you know how to answer the question?你知道如何回答这个问题吗?
『考点14』“疑问词+不定式”的用法
用法分析 how to plant a tree是“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构常放在tell,show,teach,learn,know,discuss 等动词或词组之后做宾语。
Do you know how to answer the question?你知道如何回答这个问题吗?
中考特殊考点 (1)含“疑问词+不定式”结构的简单句和复合句的转换。
Please tell me how to repair the bike.(简单句)
=Please tell me how I can repair the bike.请告诉我怎样修理自行车。(复合句)
(2)动词后是否接宾语。
I don’t know what to do.我不知道做什么。
I don’t know how to do it.我不知道怎样做它。
注意 上面的两个例句中,what做do的宾语,所以不能重复加宾语it,how是副词做状语,所以需要it做do的宾语。这是易错点。
考题预测 -It’s important for us to know ___A___ all the subjects.
-Yes, group work is my favorite.
A. how to study B. when to study C. which to study D. what to study
Section B
考点精析
1 First, put some butter on a piece of bread.首先,在一片面包上涂上些许黄油。(P60)
『考点1』piece的用法
用法分析 piece名词,意为“片;块;段;首……”。piece是可数名词,主要用于表示名词的数量,用“数词+piece(s)+of+名词”形式。a piece of短语做主语,谓语用单数;pieces of短语做主语,谓语用复数。
这张纸太脏了,不能在上面写字。
This piece of paper is too dirty to write on.
露西,给我一片面包。Give me a piece of bread, Lucy.
考点拓展a cup of一杯,a glass of一玻璃杯,a bag of一包,a box of一箱,a bowl of一碗,a slice of一片,a bottle of一瓶。
中考特殊考点 “It is a piece of cake./A piece of cake.”它是一块蛋糕。引申意义为“小菜一碟。”
这个问题太容易了。真是小菜一碟。This problem is too easy. It’s really a piece of cake.
中考链接 I’m so hungry. Please give me ___B___ to eat.
A. three bread
B. three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breads
2 In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.在大多数国家,人们通常在特殊的节日里吃传统食物。(P61)
『考点2』traditional的用法
用法分析 traditional形容词,意为“传统的;惯例的”,做表语或定语。
中国,春节的时候吃饺子是一种传统。Eating dumplings at the Spring Festival is traditional in China.在
考点拓展 tradition名词,意为“传统;惯例”。
It is a tradition that the young look after the old in their family.在他们家,年轻人照顾长辈是一个传统。
固定搭配 in the tradition of具有……的风格,by tradition按照传统。
考题预测 It’s ___A___ in China to eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.
A. traditional
B. impossible
C. personal
D. serious
3 It is always on the fourth Thursday in November ,and is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn.感恩节总是在(每年)十一月份的第四个星期四,这也是人们感谢秋季所获得的食物的时刻。(P61)
『考点3』含time的句式的用法
用法分析 It is a time(for sb.)to do sth. 表示“(对某人来说)是做某事的时期”。
大学是我学习实用技能的好时期。It is a good time for me to study practical skills in the university.
考点拓展 (1)It’s time to do sth.和It’s time for sth.都表示“该到……时侯了”,to是不定式,故后要接动词原形,for是介词,故其后要接名词。
It’s time to have supper.
=lt’s time for supper.到吃晚饭的时候了。
(2)It’s time for sb.to do sth.表示“该到某人做某事的时侯了”。
It’s time for us to have a rest.我们该休息一下了。
It’s time for you to go to school.到了你去上学的时间了。
考题预测 翻译句子
该是你回复他的邀请的时候了。
It’s time for you to reply to his invitation.
4 These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.现在,大多数美国人依然通过在家里和家人团聚吃大餐的方式来庆祝这种感恩的思想。(P61)
『考点4』celebrate的用法
用法分析 celebrate动词,意为“庆祝;庆贺”。
他们在庆祝汤姆的生日。They are celebrating Tom’s birthday.
考点拓展 celebration名词,意为“庆祝;庆祝会”。
『考点5』by doing sth.的用法
用法分析 “by+动名词”短语中by是介词,表示“通过……方法或途径”,意为“靠,通过”,其后要跟名词、名词性短语或动名词。
我通过读英文杂志和英文报纸学习英语。I study English by reading English magazines and newspapers.
他通过在电视上看英语节目学英语。He studies English by watching English programs on TV.
考点拓展 “by十地点名词”表示方位,意为“在……旁边;靠近”。“by十时间名词”意为“在……之前”。“by+交通工具”意为“通过……,由……,乘……”
There is a power station by the river.河边有一个电站。
By the end of last year, another new bridge had been built.到去年年底,又有一座新桥建成了。
It takes a long time to go there by train.乘火车去那儿要花很长时间。
固定搭配 by的易考短语
by oneself独自地,单独地
by the way 顺便说一声,顺便问一下
by chance/by accident偶然地
by mistake 误会,弄错
learn by heart背会,记住
one by one一个一个地
step by step一步一步地
中考链接 More and more people in Qingdao go to work ___D___ subway now.
A. with B. on C. in D. by
5 Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner.下面是感恩节大餐制作火鸡的一种方法。(P61)
『考点6』way to do sth.的用法
用法分析 way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”,不定式短语做定语,修饰前面的名词way。way to do sth.相当于way of doing sth. othe best way to do sth.表示“做某事的最好方法”。
那不是拿剪刀的正确方法。That’s not the right way to hold a pair of scissors.
这是学习英语的最好方法。It’s the best way to study English.
考点拓展 show sb. the way to...告知某人去……的路;the way to...去……的路;on one’s/the way to在去……的路上。
中考链接 -We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?
-The best way ___B___ 1money is to sell newspapers.
A. raise B. to raise C. raising
『考点7』for的用法
用法分析 介词for在句中的意思是“对于,就……而言”,在have...for breakfast/lunch/supper /dinner中表示“某餐吃什么”。
你能来我家吃晚餐吗?Could you come to my home for dinner?
我们午饭吃什么,米饭还是圆面包?What shall we have for lunch, rice or buns?
注意 表示三餐的名词breakfast,lunch,supper/dinner 前习惯上不加冠词修饰,但对三餐修饰时可以加冠词。
考题预测 -What do you usually have ___D___ breakfast?
-Some bread, an egg and a glass of milk.
A. at B. on C. about D. for
6 First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.首先,将一些面包屑、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。(P61)
『考点8』mix的用法
用法分析 mix动词,意为“(使)混合;融合”。
我们应先把水和面粉搅匀。First, we should mix up water and flour.
考点拓展
“混合”不同 mix up 把……混合在一起、搅拌、搅匀 后接名词,名词放在词组中间或|后面都可,若是代词it/them,代词必须放在词组中间
mix...up 使……混淆
mix...into/to 把……混合进……里 指把两种不同类的事物混合在一起
He mixed up two different things.他把两种不同的东西混在一起了。
Put sugar and water in the bowl and mix them up together.把糖和水放进碗里搅拌。
I am always mixing her up with her twin sister.我总是分辨不出她和她的双胞胎姐姐。
Mix an egg into batter.在面糊中加进一个鸡蛋。
中考链接 Put the ingredients in the bowl and ___A___ , please.
A. mix them up B. mix it up C. mix up them D. mix up it
7 Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.接着,把这个面包混合物填充到火鸡里。(P61)
『考点9』fill的用法
用法分析 fill动词,意为“(使)充满;装满”,fill...with...表示“用……装满……”,其主语通常是人,被动语态为be filled with。
你精彩的演讲充满正能量。Your fascinating speech is filled with positive energy.
瓶子里装满了水。The bottle was filled with water.
中考特殊考点 full“满的;饱的”,be full of 充满……的,相当于be filled with。
The glass is full of honey.
=The glass is filled with honey.这个玻璃杯盛满了蜂蜜。
中考链接 Life is ___A___ the unexpected(意外). Whatever we do, try our best.
A. full of B. proud of C. instead of D. because of
8 When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.烤好后,把火鸡放到一个大盘子上,浇上肉汁。(P61)
『考点10』cover的用法
用法分析 cover动词,意为“覆盖;遮掩”,名词“封面;盖子”。
山上覆盖着雪。The hills were covered with snow.
他这本书的封皮和你那本书的封皮一样。His book has the same cover as yours.
固定搭配 cover...with...用……把……覆盖;be
covered with/by...被……所覆盖。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖着。
中考链接 -Why does the earth look blue in space?
-Because most of the earth’s surface ___B___ by water.
A. covers B. is covered C. cover D. are covered
9 Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables.最后,用它和一些蔬菜招待朋友们。(P62)
『考点11』serve的用法
用法分析 serve动词,意为“接待;服务;提供”。
他们不怕麻烦,想方设法为所有的旅客服务。They go out of their way to think of ways to serve all the passengers.
考点拓展 (1)serve的常见用法:
serve serve+名词、代词 提供……
serve sb. sth.=serve sth.to sb. 把某物提供给某人招待某人某物
serve sb. with sth. 用某物招待某人
serve up 端上桌(食物等);提供;上菜
Please serve the dumplings to my friends.请用水饺招待我的朋友们。
Her mother served us with milk tea yesterday.她妈妈昨天用奶茶招待了我们。
She served up an excellent lunch.她准备了一顿丰盛的午饭。
(2)service名词,意为“接待;服务”。
It has the friendliest service.它有最友好的服务。
10 Then, cook it at a very high temperature for a long time然后,用高温烤上一段时间。(P62)
『考点12』temperature的用法
用法分析 temperature名词,意为“温度;气温;体温”。
固定搭配 have/run a temperature发烧,take one’s temperature 量体温。
I’m running a temperature and I have a headache.我在发烧而且头痛。
Tom is ill. He is taking his temperature now.汤姆生病了。他现在在量体温。
注意 temperature温度,一般用high和low形容温度的高、低。
中考链接 It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd,the ___A___ in Lingao reached 41.9℃.
A. temperature B. information C. development
11 To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles, chicken soup, chicken, lettuce and eggs.要想做这种特别的食物,你要有米线、鸡汤、鸡肉、生菜和鸡蛋。(P63)
『考点13』不定式短语做目的状语的用法
用法分析 “To make this special food”是动词不定式短语,在句中做目的状语,动词不定式做目的状语通常放在句子后面,如果放前面,应用逗号隔开。
为了精通一门外语,你必须努力学习它。To master a foreign language, you must work hard at it.
她刻苦学习,以便能通过考试。She studied hard to pass the exam.
注意 in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首。
We started early in order to get there in time.为了及时到达那里,我们很早就出发了。
中考链接 用所给词的适当形式填空
-Why do you buy so many flowers, Justin?
- To celebrate(celebrate)my mother’s birthday.
语法讲练案
语法精讲
祈使句
一、基本用法
祈使句用来表示命令、请求、劝告、建议、禁止等。以动词原形开头,否定祈使句以“Don’t+动词原形”开头。它的主语是听话人(you),一般不需要说出来,祈使句末尾用感叹号或句号,句子用降调。
Open the door, please.请把门打开。
Don’t forget to take your medicine, Alice.艾丽斯,不要忘记吃药。
祈使句的种类
1.do型。即省略主语you,用动词原形开头,开头或结尾可以用please。
Listen to me carefully.仔细听我讲。
2.be型。以系动词be开头,其句型为:Be动词+表语(名词、形容词)十其他.。
Be quiet, boys and girls!男孩女孩们,请安静!
3.let型。let后面可以跟代词的宾格做宾语,即let sb.do sth.o
Let’s go and ask our teacher.咱们去问问老师吧。
4.省略型。祈使句可采用省略形式,即根据上下文省略动词或动词词组。
This way, please.请这边走。(句首省略come)
二、特殊用法
1.祈使句的否定形式
(1)do型和be型的句子,其否定形式在句首加Don’t,句首有please或人名的,在please或人名后加don’t。
Don’t do it like that!不要那样做!
Mary, don’t be late for class again.玛丽,上课不要再迟到了。
(2)let型句子。其否定形式为“Let+宾语+not+动词原形十其他”。
Let them not go out for a walk. It is raining.让他们别出去散步了。下雨了。
(3)警示型。常由“No+名词或动词的-ing形式”构成,表示“禁止”或“规劝”人们不许做某事。
No photos.不许拍照。
No parking!禁止停车!
2.祈使句的回答
(1)由于祈使句所表达的动作都还是未发生的,因此对它的应答通常要用“一般将来时”。
-Please turn off the light when you go out.当你出去的时候请关上灯。
-OK, I will.好的,我会的。
-Don’t be late any more.不要再迟到了。
-Sorry, I won’t.对不起,我不会再迟到了。
(2)以let开头的句式的肯定回答多用“Good idea.”,否定用“Sorry..…”。
-Let’s chat on the Internet.我们上网聊天吧。
-Good idea.好主意。
三、难点突破
1.祈使句的反意疑问句
祈使句的反意疑问句:以let me和let us开头的祈使句,后面用will you,以let’s开头的祈使句,后面用shall we。
Let us have a break, will you?让我们休息一下,好吗?
2.祈使句与复合句的转换
if引导的条件状语从句可以转换成“祈使句+and或or+简单句”结构。
If you don’t hurry, you’ll not catch the early bus.
=Hurry up, or you’ll not catch the early bus.如果你不快点,就赶不上早班公交车了。
If you work harder, you’ll catch up with your classmates.
=Work harder, and you’ll catch up with your classmates.如果你再努力些,你就会赶上你的同学。
可数名词和不可数名词
一、基本用法
1.可数名词与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式;不可数名词不能与不定冠词a/an连用,没有复数形式。
This is a car. Those are buses.这是一辆小汽车。那些是公共汽车。
We can’t see air.我们看不见空气。
2.可数名词具有以下特点:可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词可以直接用不定冠词a/an、数词或many,some,any,a lot of,lots of等修饰。
3.不可数名词的特点
(1)不可数名词前面可以有much,a little,a lot of,some,any 等修饰语,如much bread很多面包。
(2)不可数名词不能受数词的修饰,因此它不能直接与数词连用来表示数量。若在一定的语言环境中要表示不可数名词的数量,则通常需要借助一定的单位词来表示,如:a piece of paper一张纸,a piece of advice一条建议,a cup of tea一杯茶,a kilo of salt一公斤盐。
(3)不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用适当的量词,当数词大于1时,量词须变为复数。做主语时,谓语用复数,如:five pieces of advice五条建议,three bags of rice三袋大米。
The two bottles of ink are mine.这两瓶墨水是我的。
二、特殊用法
1.可数名词做主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式与主语的单、复数须保持一致;不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词须用单数。但若不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词必须用复数形式。
There are some students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。
There is some money in the purse.钱包里有一些钱。
There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌上有两杯牛奶。
2.在特殊疑问句中,用how many修饰可数名词,how much修饰不可数名词。
How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生?
How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
3.不可数名词表示特指时可用定冠词the修饰。
The bread on the table is Li Lei’s.桌上的面包是李磊的。
4.有些名词既可用作可数名词,又可用作不可数名词。
fish鱼(可数),鱼肉(不可数);chicken小鸡(可数),鸡肉(不可数);glass玻璃杯(可数),玻璃(不可数);room房间(可数),空间(不可数);time次数(可数),时间(不可数);orange橘子(可数),橘汁(不可数);paper考卷,报纸(可数),纸(不可数)。
三、难点突破
1.复合名词,一般情况下前面的名词用单数形式,如apple trees苹果树;orange juice 橘子汁。
2.当man,woman修饰后面的名词时,前后两个名词都要变复数。
a woman teacher一位女教师→two women teachers两位女教师,some men doctors一些男医生
语法专练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1 -Tom, don’t(not)draw on the wall.
-Sorry, I won’t do it again.
2 There are 60 women(woman)doctors in the hospital.
3 I want three pieces(piece)of paper.
4 Help yourself to some fish(fish),please.
5 I want three oranges(orange)to eat.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6 Susan, ___A___ all the salt to the mutton soup. That would be too much.
A. don’t add B. doesn’t add C. not add D. isn’t adding
7 -Please bring little Tom next time you come to Anhui.
- ___A___, thank you.
A. I will B. You’re welcome C. That’s right D. My pleasure
8 How many ___B___ do you want?
A. bread B. pieces of bread C. breads D. pieces of breads
9 Please ___A___ here earlier! We don’t want to miss the last bus to the library.
A. arrive B. to arrive C. arriving
10 Tom, ___C___ the umbrella with you. Look at the clouds, it’s going to rain!
A. taking B. takes C. take
11 -Don’t be late for class next time, Jiang Tao.
- ___C___ .
A. OK,I will B. I know C. Sorry, I won’t D. It doesn’t matter
12-Mom, can I play computer games this evening?
- ___B___ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it.
A. Finishing B. Finish C. To finish D. Finished
13 -What would you like to drink?
-I’d like three ___D___ .
A. bottles of waters B. bottle of waters C. bottle of water D. bottles of water
14 The three ___C___ upstairs are too small to have enough ______ for a double bed.
A. room;room B. room;rooms C. rooms;room D. rooms;rooms
15 - ___B___ dressed now!We have to go in ten minutes.
-OK, Mom.
A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Gets
单元写作案
食物制作
写作分析
本单元的话题是“食物制作”,与单元话题相关的写作内容常常是如何制作食物。一般是写出一种食物的制作过程,写明所需原材料、操作过程,最后是享用的心理感受。写好这类文章,主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式:
※常用的词汇
need,delicious,make,peel,pour,put,drink,first,next,then,finally,enjoy,turn on,milk shake,cut up,put...in /into ...,mix up,a cup of ,how many /much,pour...into..,add...to,a piece of...,till...with...,cut...into thin pieces
※常用的句型句式
How do you make a/an...?
First,…next,...then,…finally,…
How many...do we need?
How much...do we need?
To make..., we need...
※常用开头结尾句
Do you like...?
I made...
First...
To make this special food, we need...
Finally mix them all up.
Now you can enjoy it.
I’m sure you’ll like it.
They are really delicious.
经典试题
西红柿炒鸡蛋(scrambled eggs with tomatoes)是一道家常菜,它既美味可口又简单易做。根据所给提示,以“How to make scrambled eggs with tomatoes?”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。
原料:一个西红柿、三个鸡蛋、一个青椒(green pepper)、盐、油(oil)
步骤:1.将西红柿和青椒切碎;
2.把鸡蛋打破(break),放入碗里并搅拌;
3.往鸡蛋里放些盐并搅拌;
4.将平底锅(pan)加热,锅里放些油,然后放入鸡蛋、西红柿和青椒;
5.翻炒两分钟即可。
思路点拨 话题引入 喜欢,好吃,易做 do you like, easy to cook
制作过程 所需原料制作步骤 egg, tomato, pepper first…, next...., then..., finally...
制作感受 评价 you can enjoy, delicious
范文赏析
How to make scrambled eggs with tomatoes?
Do you like scrambled eggs with tomatoes? The dish is easy to cook. Here’s a recipe for it.
First, cut up one tomato and one green pepper. Next, break three eggs and put them into a bowl and mix them. Add some salt to the bowl and mix again. Then, heat the pan and pour some oil into the pan. Put the eggs into the pan. Later, put the tomato and the green pepper into the pan, too. Finally, cook for two minutes. Now you can enjoy it. It is really delicious.
名师点评
本文的制作过程简洁而全面,条理清楚,语句通顺。
1.开篇点题,用“Do you like...?“引入话题,语法规范正确。
2.结构层次分明。话题引入→制作过程→对成品的感受。
3.按先后顺序描写,条例清晰,层次分明。
4.单元语法的运用恰到好处,无语法借误。
5.结尾的自我感受很真实,语言得体。