2024届中考英语二轮复习专题突破第1讲介词 讲义

课程主题： 介词
学习目标 1、掌握表示时间的介词及其用法； 2、掌握表示场所、方位的介词用法； 3、掌握常用介词短语的用法。
教学内容
【课前检测】 单项选择 1. China sent its first cargo spacecraft, Tianzhou-1, into space _______ April 20th, 2017. A. for B. at C. in D. on 2. Go straight down the street and you’ll see the post office on your right, _______ the kindergarten(幼儿园). A. opposite B. between C. among D. across 3. ---Could you please show me which boy in the picture is Patrick ---The one________ a red T-shirt. A. in B. at C. of D. with 4. ______ our joy, our class came first in this year’s school football match. A. In B. At C. To D. For 5. Tandun is famous as a composer _______ winning an Oscar for his music in the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. A. for B. of C. as D. with 6. In the picture, the lamp is hanging the table. A. up B. on C. from D. above 7. Thousands of people took part in the Spring Niushou International Marathon _______ April 16, 2017 in Jiangning. A. on B. in C. / D. at 8. Good news! Jiangsu Grand Theatre will be put into use August, 2017. A. at B. on C. in D. by 9. ---Daisy, go and see what is happening to the windows. ---Nothing serious. The heavy rain is beating ______ them. A. against B. across C. through D. above 10. ---This Maths problem is far me. I’m afraid I can’t work it out. ---Don’t worry. I’ll help you. A. beyond B. beside C. from D. behind 【课堂导学】 【知识点梳理】 【知识梳理1】介词考情解析 考点201820172016201520142013介词111111
【知识梳理2】介词辨析 时间介词：表示时间的常用介词有：at, on, in, after, until, during, by, since, for等。 介词用法举例at后跟时刻、具体时间、年龄。另外也用于一些固定搭配。at this time yesterday, at eight, o’clock, at a quarter to one, at the age of five, at noon, at nighton后接具体某一天的时间，如星期几、日期、具体某一天的早中晚、节日前。on Monday, on May 1st, On Sunday morning, on a cold night, on Teachers’ Dayin表示一段时间，用于周、月、四季、年、世纪或泛指的一天早中晚；还可以用来表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久之后”，用于一般将来时的语句。in May, in summer, in 2013, in the twentieth century, in the morning/afternoon/evening, in an hour(一小时之后)before在……前，一般表示时间，有时也表示位置。before class, before 10 o’clockafter在……之后，用来表示时间。after school, after lunchsince指从某时一直延续到现在，后接时间点，主句用完成时。Mr. Black has worked here since he graduated. for指动作或状态持续的时间，后接时间段，可以指过去、现在和将来。I have lived here for many years. He will stay here for three months. from说明开始的时间，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来等时态。From now on, I will learn English in the mornings. by表示到……为止，后加时间点。We will learn 1,000 English words by the end of this term. during与连续性动词连用表示某期间的动作，后接时间段。He lives with us during these years.
注意：in + 一段时间（用于______________时） 用____________提问 可以通过图示加强记忆哦！！ 2. 地点介词：表示地点位置的常用介词有：at, on, in, over, under, above, below, in front of, in the front of等。 介词用法举例at表示在某一点，后加较小的地点。如车站、机场、电影院、大门口；也可以放在表示集体活动的名词前。at the bus stop, at home, at a meeting in表示在物体的内部；后也可接较大的地点，如国家、城市等。in Nanjing, in China, in the world on表示在一个平面上on the farm, on the wall, on the second floorover指在……的正上方，表示垂直在上。对应词是under。There is a bridge over the river. above指位置高于……，没有垂直关系；也可以表示温度的高低。对应词是below。He lives four floors above me. below指位置低于……，没有垂直关系；也可以表示温度的高低。The coat reaches below the knees. under指在……的正下方，表示垂直在下。There are some balls under the bed. in front of在物体外面的前面There are some trees in front of our house. in the front of在物体内部的前面The teacher always stands in the front of the classroom. behind在……外部的后面There is a girl behind the tree. between...and...在……和……之间I am standing between my father and my mother. along沿着He is taking a walk along the river.
可以通过图片加强记忆哦！！ 3. 动向介词：表示目标趋向的常用介词有：across, through, over, past, for, to, towards等。 介词用法举例across从表面越过、横越、横渡He can swim across the river. through从中间穿过、贯穿It is impossible for you to go through the rainforest without a guide. over在空间范围内越过The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.past经过They walked past a post office. for常用在leave, start后，表示运动的方向或目的They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next week. towards朝，向，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思He is coming towards me. around在……周围There is energy working around us all the time whether we are aware of it or not.在我们周围总是有能量在做功，不管我们是否察觉到它。
可以通过图片加强记忆哦！！ 4. 方式介词：表示工具、手段的常用介词有：by, in, with。 介词用法举例by表示乘交通工具或用……手段或方式I usually go to school by bus. The girl made money by selling flowers. in主要表示用语言、声音Can you sing this song in English with用具体某一工具或身体某一部分I write my homework with a pen.
原因介词 for：表示“为了”。 例句：Many new trains have space for wheelchair users. Can you translate this letter for me 【例题精讲】 单项选择。 1. Helen is friendly and she always has a smile _____ her face. A.on B. with C. at D. for 2. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains ______ zero all day. A. above B. below　　　 C. over　　　　 D. under 3. Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money ______ the Internet. A. through B. along C. across D. towards 4. --- When is your birthday --- I was born ____ December 17. This year I’ll hold a birthday party for it at home. A. on B. at C. in D. by 5. It is great ____ us to get so many favourite books on International Children’s Book Day. A. to B. with C. of D. for 6. ---Would you like to visit the zoo with me now --- Sorry. It’s ____ the visiting hours. Let’s go there tomorrow. A. on B. over C. during D. beyond 7.Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened ____ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. A. on B. at C. in D. to 8. --- Could you tell me the way ____ the railway station --- Go along this road and you’ll find it. A. at B. to C. in D. between 9. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ____ the window. A. below B. across C. behind D. against 10. Before you go to Canada, you need to learn more ____ it. A. from B. in C. by D. about 【巩固练习】 词汇填空。 1. ---Will you please come for dinner this Friday, Billy ---Thanks a lot. But every day is OK ________(除……以外) Friday. 2.The room was so dark, I had to feel my way __________（沿着）the wall to the door. 3.Daniel’s home is (在……的对面) the school, so he walks to school every day. 4.Square dancing is becoming hot (在……中) Chinese citizens, but the loud music is terrible. 5.As Chinese, we are strongly (反对) US-Korean THAAD. 6.It’s very dangerous to go (穿过) the street when the traffic light is red. 7.With the development of public transport, we can get to the other side of the Yangtze River quickly (通 过) the tunnels connecting the two sides. 8.Gao Xiaosong was arrested for drunk driving because it was (违反) the law. 9.It is raining so heavily and I haven’t got an umbrella. I have no choice but (wait) until the rain stops. 【知识梳理3】介词短语 1. in his free / spare time在他空闲的时候 2. all / different kinds of 各种各样的 3. be bad / good for... = be harmful / harmless to... = do harm / good to...对……有害处 / 好处 4. go for a holiday / vocation表示打算，要去度假 go on a holiday / vocation表示状态，正在进行中，正在度假 have a holiday / vocation表示休假，放假；度假；有一个假期 5. have lots of fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself玩得开心 6. buy Simon a present = buy a present for Simon给西蒙买一个礼物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物 7. go well with = match搭配 8. lend us your red blouse = lend your red blouse to us把你的红衬衫借给我们 lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人 9. sb. / sth. worry sb. ……令某人担心 sb. worry about sb. / sth. 为……而担心 sb. be worried about...为……而担心 10. He uses a knife to open the door. =He opens the door with a knife. 他用小刀开门。 use... to do sth. = do sth. with ...用某物做某事 11. be surprised to do sth. 惊奇的做某事 to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是…… be surprised at sth.对某事感到惊讶 in surprise 惊讶地 12. keep your eyes open 让你眼睛睁着 keep + adj.保持…… 或keep + sb./sth. + adj. 保持某人/某事…… keep the classroom clean 保持教室干净 keep fit / healthy保持健康 keep safe 保持安全 keep a secret = keep secrets 保守秘密 keep a diary = keep diaries 记日记 另：keep (on) + doing sth.坚持做某事 13. give awards to …… 为……颁奖 14. find out 查明、弄清楚 15. think more /less of oneself 考虑/想到别人更多/更少 16. spend a lot of time with sb. 花很多时间和某人在一起 17. have a (good) sense of humour = be (very) humorous (很）有幽默感 18. be famous / well-known to 对……来说很出名，to后接对哪些对象来说是出名的。 be famous / well-known as 作为……出名，as后接出名后的身份。 be famous / well-known for 因为……而出名，for后接出名的原因。 19. at weekends= at the weekend=on weekends= on the weekend 在周末 20. stand for 代表，象征(=mean / represent) 21. instead of是介宾短语，后面一般跟名词、代词、介词、短语、动词-ing形式。 22. be crazy about 热衷于，迷恋上 23. add…to... 把……加到……中去 24. have / take pity on sb. 同情某人 25. be in danger 处境危险 be out of danger 脱离危险 in fear在恐惧中 in surprise惊讶地 in a hurry匆忙地 in poor health 健康欠佳 in a good/ bad mood 心情好/ 坏 in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方 26. in fact 事实上= actually 27. at the beginning / end常与of 连用，表示“在……开始/结束时”。in the beginning / end 一般不与of连用，表示“一开始 / 最后 ”。 28. live on sth.以……为生 live mainly on sth. 主要以……为生 29. as a result结果 30. in the daytime/day 在白天 at night/ in the evening在晚上 31. sleep through the winter 冬眠 32. do sth. for a living=make a living 谋生，维持生计 33. all year round 一年到头= the whole year 34. be home to …的家园 35. be full of = be filled with 充满……(full是形容词，fill是动词) 36. be busy doing sth. / be busy with sth.忙于做某事 37. in the / one’s thirties 在三十几 38. wash away把……冲走 39. move at high speed= move fast/ quickly 40. such as= like +名词/代词/动名词/短语， for example+句子 41. a couple of key rings几个钥匙扣 a couple of同义词：a few 或 several 42. be tired out精疲力尽 43. a huge army of tiny people一大群小人 44. lots of advice / suggestions on books很多关于书本的建议 45. cut in on others插嘴 46. keep sb. safe from danger 使某人安全脱离危险 keep sb. away from danger 使某人远离危险 47. on board 在船（火车，飞机）上 48. carry on with sth. /doing sth.继续做某事 49. keep soil in place保持水土不流失 50. in use在使用中 51. make a difference to...对……有影响，起作用 52. be absent from 缺席…… 53. be suitable for 适合…… 54. be strict with 对……严格 55. according to 根据 56. a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）a number of（修饰可数名词） plenty of（修饰可数或不可数名词） 57. show an interest in 对……感兴趣= be interested in 58. make up 编；编造 59. have a gift for 在……方面有天赋 60. mistake …for … 把……误认为…… 61. get along/on with... 与……相处 62. be praised as被誉为…… 63. by hand 手工…… 64. happen to 碰巧…… 65. used to live there曾经住在那里 used to do sth.曾经做某事，过去常常做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be / get used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于某事 / 做某事 66. in history在历史上 67. serve as a pilot作为一名飞行员 68. out of control失控 in control在控制下 69. after all 毕竟 70. in all 总共，总计 71. above all 首先，更重要的是 72. at a/the speed of...以……的速度 73. in the form of... 以……的形式 74. the journey / trip to Mars 去火星的旅途 pare…with…与……作比较 76. connect to / with...与……连接 77. with the help of… 在……的帮助下 with the support of… 在……的支持下 78. be unsure of / about …对……不确定，对……没把握 be unsure + 从句 ：不确定…… 例句：I was unsure how to reply this question. 我不确定该如何回答这个问题。 be unsure to do sth. 对做……不确定 79. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 consider …as …把……看做…… 80. remind sb. to do sth: 提醒某人做某事 例句：Please remind her to return the book. 请提醒她还书。 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物 81. complain about / of sb. / sth. 抱怨某事 complain to sb about …向某人抱怨…… have a complaint against… 对……有怨言 82. have problems / difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难（注意单复数） 83. in a way 从某种意义上说 in some ways 在某些方面，在某种意义上 in the way 挡路 in this way 用这种方式 on one’s way to 去……的路上 by the way 顺便说一下 84. satisfy sb. 使某人满意 be satisfied with 对……满意 = be happy / pleased with satisfy one’s needs满足某人的需求= meet one’s needs 85. do with 处理 (deal with) what to do with = how to deal with如何处理 pare ... with sth. 与……相比较 87. connect... to / with...与……连接 【例题精讲】 1.与名词的搭配： 1) all ________/________ the world 2) ________ danger / trouble / need/ silence / fear 3) ________ plane/ bus / underground / car, ________ foot 4) ________ business / holiday 5) ________ the help of, ________ one’s support 6) ________ one’s surprise / ________ surprise 7) ________ the control of sb. / _______ arrest 8) _________ medium height, _______great wealth 2.与动词的搭配： 1) look / knock / laugh / point / arrive / shout _______ 2) listen / get / talk / point / write_______, pay attention / look forward / be used / get used/ lead / make a contribution ________, prefer … _______ …, devote …________ ( 后加动词_______) 3) agree / play / catch up / help / deal / get along / make friends / carry on / come up _______ 4) look / search / thanks / ask / pay / wait / leave _______ 3.与形容词搭配的词组：　　 1) be afraid ________ （害怕） 2) be angry ________ （生某人的气） 3) be different _________ （与……不同） 4) be the same ________ / be similar ______（与……相同） 5) be good _________ （善于） 6) be good / bad ________(对……有益/有害) 7) be interested ________ （对……感兴趣） 8) be late ________ （迟到） 9) be / get ready ________ = prepare _______（为……作好准备） 10) be sure ________(对……有把握) 11) be worried ________ （为……感到担忧） 12) be busy ________ (忙于……） 13) be full ________ / be filled _______ （充满……） 14) be sorry ________ （对……抱歉） 15) be pleased / happy / satisfied _______（对……满意） 【巩固练习】 单项选择。 1. ---Bob, you should put away the things in your room. It is a terrible mess! ---OK, I’m coming, Mum! A. on B. at C. in D. for 2.This photo reminded me _______ my classmates in the primary school. A. with B. for C. of D. by 3. early November of 1503, during Christopher Columbus’s final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. A. On B. In C. At D. For 4. ---Tom, who did you go to watch the movie Zootopia last Sunday ---My elder brother. A. with B. by C. in D. on 5.I have studied here for nearly 3 years and I feel so proud _______ my school. A. of B. with C. for D. by 6.It’s polite________ you to say goodbye to others when you leave. A. for B. of C. in D. to 【课堂练习】 一、单项选择。 1. The temperature is usually _____ 30℃ most of the days in summer in Nanjing. A. above B. below C. over D. under 2. No one can make great achievements hard work. A. among B. between C. along D. without 3. If you want to get out from a fire, remember to cover your mouth and keep your body to the ground. A. up B. down C. out D. in 4. China’s soccer team will continue their dreams of 2018 World Cup after a 2-0 comfortable win over Qatar ______ March 29, 2016. A. in B. on C. with D. at 5.Chinese President Xi Jinping made a speech at the 4th Nuclear Security Summit ______ March, 2016. A. in B. at C. on D. of 6. ---It’s so amazing that baby pandas weigh only about 140 grams _______birth. ---Wow, it’s hard to believe that. A. on B. in C. at D. with 7. President Xi made an important speech National Memorial Day (公祭日) in Nanjing last year. A. at B. in C. on D. by 8.Three-leaf Garden, which is about 20 kilometers south of Yongyang, is full of visitors ________ early April. A. on B. for C. at D. in 9. The world’s oldest giant panda died last year______37 years old, over 100 in human years. A. at B. on C. for D. In 二、阅读填空。 A）根据下面短文内容填空。注意：每空一词。 Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. He was the oldest of five children in a worker’s family. He enjoyed going to the sea when he was a young boy. He heard that there was a lot of gold and other valuable things in East India. He wanted to find a short way to get to the Indies by ship. On August 3, 1492, he sailed toward the west from Palos, Spain with three ships. After many days, the sailors had covered a long distance on the sea and were ready to turn around for home when they saw land, an island Columbus named San Salvador. He thought he had found the Indies and called the people he saw there “Indians”. When they got to Cuba, he thought he was in Japan. The world was a lot larger than he thought. In his life, he made four trips across the ocean. His 13-year-old son, Ferdinand, went with him during the last time. He returned to Spain in 1504. Columbus did not become rich as he had hoped. At the end of his life he only had a pension(退休金) the king and the queen had given him because he was the first to reach the New World. He died in 1506, still believing that he had found a new route to East India and that he had reached Asia. Columbus didn’t get to school very much, but he learned to read and write Spanish during his travels. He also taught himself Latin because all the geography books were written in Latin. He is remembered by all not only for the New World he discovered, but also for the way he led for other explorers. Christopher Columbus and His SailingPersonal information● Columbus was from a worker’s family. His (1)_________ place is Genoa, Italy. ● He didn’t get to school very much, but he loved to go to the (2)_________ as a very young boy. His four sailing (3)_________ ● He sailed with three ships from Spain (4)_________ he wanted to look for the treasure in East India. During their first sailing, they found land, an island (5)_________ San Salvador by him. ● The world was (6)_________ larger than he thought and he considered Cuba as Japan by mistake. ● Later in his life, he had (7)_________ three trips across the ocean. Finally he came back home in 1504. ● (8)_________ of being rich, he only got a pension given by the king and the queen because he found the New World.His great achievements● He learnt Spanish and Latin (9)_________ himself during his travels. ● People (10)_________ Columbus because he discovered a New World and led the way for other explorers.
B）首字母填空。 San Francisco has its cable cars, and Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted lots of (1)a_________, is now a local landmark (地标). The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to (2)c_________ the busy road without getting hurt by passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Many times, Peters and others (3)w_________ worked in and near Park Plaza often saw squirrels run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel (4)w_________ a nut (坚果) still in its mouth, and that day’s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel (5)s_________. The group of businessmen thought of the squirrel bridge idea later and they (6)n_________ the bridge “Nutty Narrows”. After architects (建筑师) designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. The 60-foot bridge (7)c_________ 1,000 dollars. It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young to cross the bridge. The (8)s_________ was picked up by the media (媒体), and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were (9)m_________ and crosspieces(横木) were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, (10)h_________ of animal-lovers attended the completion ceremony (竣工仪式) of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 【课堂回顾】 介词是虚词中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法多而复杂，除本身具有的含义之外，还和其他词搭配，表示不同的含义。介词的考查主要是介词的常见用法如表示时间和地点等，以及与其他词性的搭配。在平时的学习中要多注意介词间的用法区别，尤其是易混介词的用法及异同，介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配的用法及辨析。 【课后作业】 课后巩固 一、单项选择。 1. China’s Olympic 110m hurdles gold medalist Liu Xiang announced his retirement ______ the afternoon of April 7th, 2015. A. on B. in C. at D. since 2. ---It’s reported that Nanjing Metro Line 3 was in service April 1, 2015. ---What exciting news! I believe the public transport system of Nanjing will be much better. A. on; an B. on; / C. in; an D. in; / 3. On my way the mountain village, I found the local houses different from ours. A. to B. by C. at D. in 4. People can visit Tiansheng Bridge without paying money ______June 13, 2015. A. for B. on C. in D. at 5. Some students often enjoy music to relax themselves classes. A. among B. over C. during D. between 6.Former president of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, passed away Monday morning, Mar23. A. on B. at C. in D. by 7. It’s very dangerous when you drive your car ______ a certain speed. A. behind B. beside C. beyond D. between 8. A quiet boy like Daniel would like to stay at home doing nothing going out. A. instead of B. less than C. such as D. together with 二、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Last weekend I joined in an interesting event at the Civic Center. It was the Bamboo Expo. I advise that (1)a_________ who likes to learn about new things should go there next weekend. It’s your last (2)c_________. I didn’t think I would enjoy it very much, but I really did. I never dreamed that so (3)m_________ things could be made from bamboo. In countries such as China, Japan and India, people have used bamboo in many ways for (4)t_________ of years. One display at the Expo was set up as a bamboo hut, like many found in Southeast Asia. The walls were bamboo. The roof(屋顶) was (5)c_________ with bamboo leaves. The pipes bringing(6)w_________ into the house and out into the fields were bamboo. So were the cooking pots, drinking cups, shoes and floor mat. (7)E_________the bed was made of bamboo. I also learned that it isn’t just pandas that eat tender bamboo shoots(竹笋). The shoots are eaten (8)w_________ rice by millions of people in Asia. Here in the U.S., we’re just getting to know bamboo. We’re starting to (9)r_________ how useful this light but strong plant can be. I’ll never think of bamboo in the (10)s_________ way again. Now I’ll see it in my home, thanks to what I bought at the show. Check it out! There are about 100 booths. There’s much to see, buy and learn. 【课后预习】 下节课我们将学习代词，请做好代词的预习哦！ 代词人称代词1.主格 2.宾格物主代词1.形容词性物主代词 2.名词性物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词