Unit 4 Space Exploration
语法填空练习
(23-24高一下·辽宁·期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to now, 55 BeiDou satellites 1 (send) up, meaning the completion of China’s self-developed BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). BDS appears later 2 America’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and EU’s GALILEO, but it can match them. As one of the four 3 (globe) navigation satellite systems, BDS involves efforts of over 400 agencies and 300,000 technicians.
First 4 (plan) in the early 1980s, BDS is comparable to GPS in terms of the 5 (accurate) of positioning. It also offers short message communication and thus can provide emergency communications in areas 6 traditional communication signals are poor. 7 better quality of their positioning services, Apple and Samsung phones, among others, are already using BDS’s signals, and so 8 (be) every Chinese brand.
The BDS is a huge technical achievement for China and can 9 (easy) pay off in the near future, 10 (promote) the world’s economic and social development as well as the peaceful use of space.
(23-24高一下·河南郑州·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China revealed 11 names of its upcoming manned lunar lander and new crew space-ship on Saturday. The lunar lander, 12 (name) Lanyue (Embracing the Moon), reflects China’s ambition for space exploration. The new crew spaceship is called Mengzhou (Dream Vessel), 13 (symbolize) the nation’s dream of lunar landing and space adventure. There will be two models of the Mengzhou — one 14 (use) to transport astronauts to the moon 15 the other will replace the current spaceship Shenzhou to ferry crew members between Earth and the Tiangong space station.
The names were chosen from nearly 2,000 public 16 (propose) by experts. The re-search and development of the Lanyue, the Mengzhou, and the Long March 10 carrier rocket are progressing well. China aims 17 (conduct) its first manned mission to the moon around 2030.
The Lanyue lunar lander will weigh 18 (near) 26 tons, accommodating two astronauts and a 200-kg rover. The Mengzhou spacecraft will consist of two major components — a reentry module 19 will house astronauts and serve as the control center and a service module containing power and propulsion systems. The vehicle will be nearly 9 meters 20 length, 4.5 meters in diameter and weigh 22 metric
tons.
(23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s next-generation rocket to carry humans is expected to make 21 (it) flight around 2027. It is an important part of China’s ambitious plan to place its astronauts 22 the moon. The new rocket will be about 90 meters tall, 23 means it will be almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the 24 (big) in China’s rocket family.
The new rocket will be capable of carrying spaceship 25 (weigh) about 27 tons into an Earth -moon orbit(轨道). It is intended for the country’s future manned spaceflights that 26 (carry) out by a new-generation spaceship. In the long term, Long March 9, China’s super-heavy rocket 27 is under development, will also join the group of the new rocket to transport 28 (material) to the moon to build a long-lasting base there.
China’s space authorities have a long-term plan 29 (land) astronauts on the moon and set up at least one science station there. They hope to carry out scientific research, develop lunar resources 30 strengthen the nation’s space capabilities.
(23-24高一下·甘肃白银·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When she was just three years old, Alyssa Carson from the USA took an interest 31 the planet Mars. From that time on, her lifelong passion for and 32 (curious) about space began! Then, Alyssa 33 (start) to do all the things related to space!
Alyssa’s goal is to help others understand the potential for human life in outer space. She also wants to be one of the first humans 34 (walk) on the planet Mars. She even imagines 35 (live) on Mars! And while doing so, Alyssa wants to inspire lots of other kids to learn more about space and science.
She is studying astrobiology (天体生物学) at the Florida Institute of Technology. It is the only program in the USA 36 (focus) on the potential for life on other planets. Whether you want to study the effects of space travel on humans, discover past or present life on Mars, 37 help develop 38 (way) to sustain (维持) life on the moon, you will be prepared at the Florida Institute of Technology.
Alyssa is a(n) 39 (impress) example of a young person 40 focuses on her passion and
becomes the best version of herself. Her example also inspires other kids to do the same.
(23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do you think of when you hear the phrase “tiantuan (天团)” Is it a wildly popular group formed by icons Well, in reality, there’s probably no group 41 fits the name better than the band made up of astronauts, some of 42 were sent into space.
A few days ago, Wu Jie, one of the first Chinese astronauts and a trainer in the People’s Liberation Army(PLA) Astronaut Corps (大队), 43 (visit) CCTV 7 for a program. During the show, he talked about lesser-known stories about the lives of Chinese astronauts.
Astronaut training is really 44 (tire). 45 (bring) some life and color into their work, astronauts established their own band, guided by a conductor (乐队指挥) from the PLA Military Band (军乐团).
In the band, each astronaut chose 46 instrument they were interested in — Yang Liwei played the clarinet (黑管), Fei Junlong chose the drums, Jing Haipeng used the trombone (长号), and so forth. Typically, in the evenings, whenever someone played their instrument, astronauts in the same building would grab their own instruments 47 join in. In the beginning, many astronauts didn’t even understand the staff (五线谱). 48 , as they spent more time training, their skills improved.
Wu recalled a memorable performance by the astronaut band when they had a blackout (停电) suddenly: “Someone next to us held up a lighter, and the conductor signaled (示意) to keep playing. In the dark, no one could see the sheet music 49 (clear); all we could see was the movement of the conductor. So, we kept going. In the end, the astronauts completed the entire performance from memory, 50 (earn) warm applause (掌声) from the audience.”
(2024·河南·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has set up its 51 (one) deep space exploration laboratory with the purpose of carrying out deep space exploration as well as cutting-edge technology research in the field of spaceflight. The laboratory, 52 (locate) in Anhui province, is a new type of science and technology research and development institution that realizes the integration of science, technology and engineering.
The laboratory is 53 (support) deep space exploration and carry out frontier, 54 (base) and strategic research in the field. It will also undertake research and demonstration. The laboratory is an open
platform 55 international talents can come to work.
After the 56 (complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space. 57 will be the Tianwen Ⅱ, Tianwen Ⅲ, Tianwen Ⅳ, etc. The main task of the follow-up is to explore the asteroids (小行星) in deep space. The asteroid samples 58 (collect) back. After that, China will be prepared to explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system, 59 (hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth, or even 60 the edge of the solar system.
(23-24高一上·四川成都·期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Billionaires Race to Space
In late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon 61 (fly) to the edge of space—62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth’s surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.
“Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, 62 others weren’t so impressed. They called the mission 63 huge waste of money. Bezos, they argued, should be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.
Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first 64 (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week 65 the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, 66 (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic.
Critics say that the money 67 (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on 68 they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. As naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, “traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”
But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds are put toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That’s money they could have spent on new luxury cars or villas for 69 (they), supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies 70 increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.
(23-24高二上·陕西汉中·期中)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China successfully launched Mengtian, the second lab module of its space station into orbit on Monday afternoon, 71 (get) a step closer to completing the space station in 2022. The China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) declared the launch mission a complete 72 (succeed).
Mengtian 73 (mean) “Dreams of Heaven.” The module weighs more than 20 tonnes. It is 17.9 meters long 74 has a maximum diameter of 4.2 meters. The lab module can be further subdivided into different modules. Mengtian is mainly designed 75 scientific experiments. Unlike Tianhe and Wentian, it doesn’t have a sleeping cabin, but it’s full of cabinets that can support 76 (hundred) of experiments.
The scientific experiments to be carried out in Mengtian are expected to enable scientists to conduct cutting-edge (前沿的) studies, 77 may contribute to world-class findings. One of the center is responsible for making and implementing plans and schedules for scientific work on 78 Tiangong space station. The results of the experiments can also boost the application and transfer of advanced space science and technology to other research fields. A worker in the center said: “So far, we 79 (arrange) about 40 experiments in those eight cabinets. Meanwhile, we will 80 (gradual) carry all the experiments out according to the overall plan.”
(22-23高一下·四川成都·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first domestically manufactured passenger jet C919 had its first commercial flight on May 28, 2023.
81 (complete) the journey from Shanghai to Beijing, the flight marks a big step forward for China’s aviation (航空) industry.
Similar in size 82 the Airbus 320 and Boeing 737, C919 is often compared with these models.
But it is 83 (true) “Chinese”. Its appearance showcases the wisdom of Chinese scientists. 84 most airplanes have six pieces of glass at the plane’s nose, C919 only has four, which is to provide 85 (wide) views for pilots and reduce 86 (resist) at the nose. About 26 percent of the plane’s body is covered in innovative materials. This design cuts the weight and extends its lifespan. The plane also has a Chinese “brain”. Just like how 87 human brain controls the movement of the body, an aircraft’s control laws (控制律) are the system 88 controls the plane. 89 (ensure) great quality, its makers gathered reliable parts from other companies worldwide. The C919 project aimed for 10 percent of localization at first, and now it has reached 60 percent.
The first C919 plane will fly on a regular basis between Shanghai and Chengdu. A total of three C919
aircraft 90 (deliver) over the next two years, according to Xinhua.
参考答案:
1.have been sent 2.than 3.global 4.planned 5.accuracy 6.where 7.For 8.is 9.easily 10.promoting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国自主研发的北斗导航卫星系统的发展过程,世界地位,使用情况和为中国及世界经济发展做出的显著贡献。
1.考查时态。句意:截至目前,北斗卫星已发射55颗,标志着中国自主研制的北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)的建成。根据时间状语“Up to now”可知,此处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,用现在完成时,55 BeiDou satellites与谓语动词send之间是被动关系,要用现在完成时的被动语态,注意主谓一致。故填have been sent。
2.考查介词。句意:BDS比美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS和欧盟的GALILEO出现得晚,但它可以与它们匹敌。此处有比较含义,意为“比……晚”,later than,用介词than。故填than。
3.考查形容词。句意:作为全球四大导航卫星系统之一,北斗系统涉及400多个机构和30万名技术人员。形容词global作定语,修饰名词短语navigation satellite systems。故填global。
4.考查过去分词。句意:BDS最初计划于20世纪80年代初,在定位精度方面与GPS相当。非谓语动词plan和逻辑主语BDS是被动关系,plan用过去分词形式作状语。故填planned。
5.考查名词。句意:BDS最初计划于20世纪80年代初,在定位精度方面与GPS相当。the 5 (accurate) of positioning名词所有格结构,用不可数名词accuracy。故填accuracy。
6.考查定语从句。句意:它还提供短消息通信,因此可以在传统通信信号较差的地区提供紧急通信。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是areas,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where。故填where。
7.考查介词。句意:为了提高定位服务的质量,苹果和三星等手机已经在使用BDS的信号,每个中国品牌也是如此。“介词+宾语”结构,介词for (为了)表目的,首字母大写。故填For。
8.考查时态。句意:为了提高定位服务的质量,苹果和三星等手机已经在使用BDS的信号,每个中国品牌也是如此。固定结构“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”,表示“……也一样”,讲述事实用一般现在时,主语every Chinese brand是单数,谓语单数形式。故填is。
9.考查副词。句意:BDS对中国来说是一项巨大的技术成就,在不久的将来很容易获得回
报,促进了世界经济社会发展以及太空的和平利用。副词easily作状语,修饰动词短语pay off。故填easily。
10.考查现在分词。句意:BDS对中国来说是一项巨大的技术成就,在不久的将来很容易获得回报,促进了世界经济社会发展以及太空的和平利用。逻辑主语The BDS和非谓语动词promote是主动关系,promote用现在分词形式作状语。故填promoting。
11.the 12.named 13.symbolizing 14.will be used 15.and/while 16.proposals 17.to conduct 18.nearly 19.that/which 20.in
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称,并介绍了名称的含义、由来,以及两台设备的功能和型号等信息。
11.考查冠词。句意:周六,中国公布了即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称。空处表示特指,指即将发射的载人月球着陆器和新型载人飞船的名称,应用定冠词the。故填the。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:这艘名为“揽月”(拥抱月球)的月球着陆器反映了中国探索太空的雄心。句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语动词,空处作The lunar lander的后置定语,name“给……取名”和The lunar lander逻辑上是被动关系,且该动作已完成,应用name的过去分词形式。故填named。
13.考查非谓语动词。句意:新的载人飞船被称为“梦舟”(梦想之船),象征着中国登月和太空探险的梦想。句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语动词,symbolize“象征”和The new crew spaceship逻辑上是主动关系,应用symbolize的现在分词形式,作状语。故填symbolizing。
14.考查时态和语态。句意:“梦舟”号将有两种型号,一种用于运送宇航员到月球,另一种将取代目前的“神舟”号飞船,在地球和天宫空间站之间运送宇航员。空处作句子的谓语,结合后面的“will replace”可知,此处在描述未来的情况,时态应用一般将来时,use“使用”和主语one之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填will be used。
15.考查连词。句意:“梦舟”号将有两种型号,一种用于运送宇航员到月球,另一种将取代目前的“神舟”号飞船,在地球和天宫空间站之间运送宇航员。空处连接前后两个完整的句子,两者之间可理解为是并列关系,应用并列连词and连接;或理解为前后形成对比,用并列连词while连接,意为“而”,表示对比两件事物。故填and/while。
16.考查名词复数。句意:这些名字是由专家从近2000份公众提案中选出的。空处作介词from
的宾语,被public修饰,propose的名词形式proposal符合题意,意为“提案”,且空前有“2,000”,proposal应用复数形式。故填proposals。
17.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的目标是在2030年左右进行首次载人登月任务。aim to do sth.是固定短语,意为“旨在做某事”,该空用不定式形式。故填to conduct。
18.考查副词。句意:“揽月”月球着陆器将重达近26吨,可容纳两名宇航员和一个200公斤重的月球车。空处修饰后面的数量,应用副词nearly,意为“接近”,作状语。故填nearly。
19.考查定语从句。句意:“梦舟”飞船将由两个主要部分组成:一个是容纳宇航员并作为控制中心的返回舱,另一个是包含动力和推进系统的服务舱。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词module,先行词指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
20.考查介词。句意:该飞行器长近9米,直径4.5米,重22公吨。根据“9 meters”和“length”可知,此处用固定短语in length,意为“长度为……”。故填in。
21.its 22.on 23.which 24.biggest 25.weighing 26.will be carried 27.that/which 28.materials 29.to land 30.and
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国下一代载人火箭预计将在2027年左右首飞,这枚尚未命名的新型火箭是中国雄心勃勃的载人登月计划的重要支柱。
21.考查代词。句意:中国下一代载人火箭预计将于2027年左右首飞。分析句子可知,空处应填形容词性物主代词its在句中作定语,修饰名词flight。故填its。
22.考查介词。句意:这是中国将宇航员送上月球的宏伟计划的重要组成部分。分析句子可知,空处应填介词on“在……上”。故填on。
23.考查定语从句。句意:新火箭高约90米,这意味着它几乎是长征五号的两倍高,长征五号是目前中国火箭家族中最大的火箭。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,且从句缺主语,则该从句用关系代词which引导。故填which。
24.考查形容词。句意:新火箭高约90米,这意味着它几乎是长征五号的两倍高,长征五号是目前中国火箭家族中最大的火箭。分析句子可知,空处应填形容词big的最高级形式biggest,表示“最大的”。故填biggest。
25.考查非谓语。句意:这种新型火箭将能够携带重约27吨的宇宙飞船进入地球-月球轨道。分析句子可知,空处在句中作后置定语, 被修饰名词spaceship与weigh之间是主动关系,
故用现在分词形式weighing。故填weighing。
26.考查时态语态。句意:它是为了国家未来的载人航天飞行,该飞行将由新一代宇宙飞船执行。分析句子可知,空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,that指代先行词spaceflights,描述将要发生的动作,应用一般将来时,动词carry与其逻辑主语spaceflights是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be carried。
27.考查定语从句。句意:从长远来看,中国正在研发的超重型火箭长征九号也将加入新火箭组,向月球运送物资,在月球上建立一个长期的基地。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词rocket,先行词为物,并在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
28.考查名词。句意:从长远来看,中国正在研发的超重型火箭长征九号也将加入新火箭组,向月球运送物资,在月球上建立一个长期的基地。material“材料”,泛指“建筑材料,化肥原料,战略物资,原材料”时,用复数形式;故填materials,作transport的宾语。故填materials。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国航天部门有一个长期计划,让宇航员登上月球,并在月球上建立至少一个科考站。结合句意,此处land是动词,意为“着陆,上岸,(从飞机、船上) 卸下”;分析句子可知,抽象名词plan后用不定式作后置定语,表示“做某事的计划”。故填to land。
30.考查连词。句意:他们希望进行科学研究,开发月球资源,加强国家的太空能力。分析句子可知,hope后有三个动词不定式作宾语,即to carry out …,(to) develop...和(to) strengthen;故填连词and表示并列和顺承。故填and。
31.in 32.curiosity 33.started 34.to walk 35.living 36.focused 37.or 38.ways 39.impressive 40.who/that
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了来自美国的Alyssa Carson三岁的时候就对火星产生了兴趣。从那时起,她对太空的热情和好奇开始了,然后,Alyssa开始做所有与太空有关的事情,她的榜样也激励着其他孩子去做同样的事情。
31.考查介词。句意:来自美国的Alyssa Carson三岁的时候就对火星产生了兴趣。固定搭配take an interest in“对……感兴趣”。故填in。
32.考查名词。句意:从那时起,她对太空的热情和好奇心开始了!此处与passion是并列
成分,作主语,应用名词curiosity “好奇心”,不可数名词。故填curiosity。
33.考查动词时态。句意:然后,Alyssa开始做所有与太空有关的事情!根据Then可知,此处在陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填started。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:她还想成为第一批在火星上行走的人类之一。humans前面有序数词修饰,应用动词不定式,作后置定语。故填to walk。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意:她甚至想象住在火星上!固定搭配imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填living。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:这是美国唯一一个专注于其他星球上潜在生命的项目。分析句子结构可知focus与逻辑主语program构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填focused。
37.考查固定句型。句意:无论你是想研究太空旅行对人类的影响,发现火星上过去或现在的生命,还是帮助开发维持月球上生命的方法,你都将在佛罗里达理工学院做好准备。此处为句型whether…or…表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。
38.考查名词复数。句意:无论你是想研究太空旅行对人类的影响,发现火星上过去或现在的生命,还是帮助开发维持月球上生命的方法,你都将在佛罗里达理工学院做好准备。way是可数名词,前无限定词,应用名词复数形式,表泛指。故填ways。
39.考查形容词。句意:Alyssa是一个令人印象深刻的例子,她专注于自己的激情,成为最好的自己。此处修饰名词example,应用形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”,作定语。故填impressive。
40.考查定语从句。句意:Alyssa是一个令人印象深刻的例子,她专注于自己的激情,成为最好的自己。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是person,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
41.that 42.whom 43.visited 44.tiring 45.To bring 46.an 47.and 48.However 49.clearly 50.earning
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国的航天员们在艰苦训练之外的不为人知的故事。为了使自己的工作具有活力和色彩,他们成立了自己的乐团。从最初的看不懂五线谱,到最后演奏技能的提高,他们付出了努力,最后演奏成功,获得了观众的认可。
41.考查定语从句引导词。句意:嗯,在现实中,可能没有任何团体比由宇航员组成的乐队更适合这个名字了,他们中的一些人被送入了太空。分析可知,“__1___ fits the name better”
为之前“group”的定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,且由“no”修饰,只能用that引导从句。故填that。
42.考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意:嗯,在现实中,可能没有任何团体比由宇航员组成的乐队更适合这个名字了,他们中的一些人被送入了太空。分析可知,“some of ___2___ were sent into space”为之前名词“astronauts”的非限制性定语从句,先行词在从句中作介词“of”的宾语,用关系代词whom引导从句。故填whom。
43.考查动词时态。句意:几天前,中国首批航天员之一、中国人民解放军航天员队教练员吴杰来到中央电视台7台参加一个节目。分析可知,所填动词作句子的谓语动词,结合时间状语“A few days ago”可知,用一般过去时。故填visited。
44.考查形容词。句意:宇航员训练真的很累人。分析可知,所填应是形容词作表语,结合句子的主语为“Astronaut training(宇航员训练)”,表示物,应是用-ing形式的形容词。故填tiring。
45.考查动词不定式。句意:为了给他们的工作增添一些活力和色彩,宇航员们组建了自己的乐队,由中国人民解放军军乐队的指挥指挥。分析可知,“___5 ___ (bring) some life and color into their work”为目的状语,用动词不定式形式表达,置于句首,首字母大写。故填To bring。
46.考查不定冠词。句意:在乐队里,每个宇航员都选择了自己感兴趣的乐器——杨利伟演奏单簧管,费俊龙演奏鼓,景海鹏演奏长号,等等。分析可知,“instrument”为可数名词,应有不定冠词做限定词,且该词的发音为“/ nstr m nt/”,元音音素开头,用an作限定词。故填an。
47.考查连词。句意:通常,在晚上,只要有人演奏乐器,同一栋楼里的宇航员就会拿起自己的乐器加入进来。分析可知,动作“join in(加入)”与之前动作“grab(拿起)”为并列顺承关系,这里应是用连词“and”连接。故填and。
48.考查副词。句意:然而,随着他们花更多的时间进行训练,他们的技能得到了提高。分析可知,“as they spent more time training, their skills improved(随着他们花更多的时间进行训练,他们的技能得到了提高)”与前文“In the beginning, many astronauts didn’t even understand the staff.(一开始,许多宇航员甚至不理解工作人员。)”之间为转折关系,这里用表达转折含义的副词“however”引出句子,置于句首,首字母大写。故填However。
49.考查副词。句意:在黑暗中,谁也看不清乐谱;我们所能看到的只是乐队指挥的动作。分析可知,副词作状语修饰动词“see”。故填clearly。
50.考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,宇航员们凭记忆完成了整个表演,赢得了观众的热烈掌声。分析可知,“___10___ (earn) warm applause…”为结果状语,动词用非谓语形式。主语“the astronauts”与动词“earn”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填earning。
51.first 52.located 53.to support 54.basic 55.where 56.completion 57.There 58.will be collected 59.hoping 60.to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国设立首个深空探测实验室的情况,该实验室旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的尖端技术研究。
51.考查序数词。句意:中国成立了第一个深空探测实验室,旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的前沿技术研究。提示词作定语,表示“第一个”,用序数词first。故填first。
52.考查非谓语动词。句意:实验室位于安徽省境内,是实现科学、技术、工程一体化的新型科技研发机构。“(locate) in Anhui province,”作后置定语,locate(把……建在)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语laboratory之间是被动关系,用过去分词。故填located。
53.考查非谓语动词。句意:深空实验室支持深空探测,开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。分析句子可知,“(support) deep space exploration”作表语,support是非谓语动词,用不定式表示深空实验室未来的用途。故填to support。
54.考查形容词。句意:深空实验室支持深空探测,开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。提示词作定语修饰名词research,用形容词basic,意为“基础的,基本的”,与形容词strategic构成并列关系。故填basic。
55.考查定语从句。句意:实验室是一个开放的平台,国际人才可以来这里工作。分析句子可知,空格处单词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词platform,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示“在这个平台上”,应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
56.考查名词。句意:在完成天问一号任务后,中国还将规划多个“天问”系列行星探测任务,探索浩瀚的太空。提示词作宾语,用名词completion,意为“完成”,不可数名词。故填completion。
57.考查there be句型。句意:会有天问二号、天问三号、天问四号等。表示“有;存在”,用there be句型,句首单词首字母大写。故填There。
58.考查动词时态和语态。句意:小行星的样本将被收集回来。分析句子可知,collect(收集)是句中谓语动词,与主语samples(样本)之间是被动关系,根据语境可知,描述未来的太空探测任务,应使用一般将来时态。综上,谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be
collected。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意:之后,中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星,希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测,到达距离地球150亿公里,甚至到达太阳系边缘。“(hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth, or even 10 the edge of the solar system.”作伴随状语,hope(希望)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动,作伴随状语。故填hoping。
60.考查介词。句意:之后,中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星,希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测,到达距离地球150亿公里,甚至到达太阳系边缘。结合上文“to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth”可推知,这里表示“甚至到达太阳系边缘”,用to the edge of...。故填to。
61.flew 62.while/but 63.a 64.to be criticized 65.before 66.developed 67.going 68.what 69.themselves 70.that/which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了商业太空旅行引起的争议,包括一些人对商业太空旅行的批评和另一些人的支持。
61.考查时态。句意:这位亚马逊公司的亿万富翁创始人乘坐蓝色起源公司设计的火箭飞到了距地球表面62英里(100公里)的太空边缘。考查本句谓语动词,根据上文的时间状语“In late July 2021”可知,本句时态为一般过去时。故填flew。
62.考查连词。句意:在安全返回地球后,Bezos通过无线电对任务控制中心说:“有史以来最美好的一天。”但/然而其他人却不这么认为。空前““Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth”和空后“others weren’t so impressed.”之间存在转折关系,可用连词but连接;也可用while连接。故填while/but。
63.考查固定短语。句意:他们称这项任务是对金钱的巨大浪费。固定短语:a waste of,意为“浪费……”,符合句意。故填a。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:他也不是第一个因浪费巨额个人财富而受到批评的人。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词为“the first”,用动词不定式形式担当后置定语,和被修饰词之间存在被动关系。故填to be criticized。
65.考查副词。句意:在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周,企业主Richard Branson也创造了历史。根据句意可知,企业主Richard Branson创造历史,是发生在前一周,用副词
before。故填before。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:Branson成为第一个乘坐他资助的火箭飞往太空的人,该火箭由他的公司维珍银河开发。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,动词“develop”和被修饰词“a rocket”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填developed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意:批评人士说,用于商业太空旅行的资金最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语,和被修饰词“the money”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填going。
68.考查宾语从句。句意:批评人士说,用于商业太空旅行的资金最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。这里为宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句缺少宾语,表示物,用what引导。故填what。
69.考查代词。句意:支持者说,这些钱本来可以用来给自己买新的豪车或别墅。分析成分可知,空处为代词担当介词的宾语,为主语本身,用反身代词。故填themselves。
70.考查定语从句。句意:此外,他们的公司正在投资新技术,这些技术增加了进入太空的机会,并推动了其他领域的创新。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“new technologies”,关系词在定语从句中担当主语,用which或that引导。故填which/that。
71.getting 72.success 73.means 74.and 75.for 76.hundreds 77.which 78.the 79.have arranged 80.gradually
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国成功将“梦天”实验舱送入太空。
71.考查非谓语动词。句意:周一下午,中国成功将空间站的第二个实验舱“梦天”送入轨道,距离2022年空间站建成又近了一步。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“ launched”,故空处需填非谓语动词,“__1___a step closer to completing the space station”是“China successfully launched Mengtian”随之而来的结果,故用现在分词作状语。故填getting。
72.考查名词。句意:中国载人航天机构宣布发射圆满成功。根据“a complete”可知,空处需填单数名词,succeed是动词,表示“成功”,名词是success。故填success。
73.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“梦天 ”意思是“天堂之梦”。分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语是“Mengtian”,故谓语动词用单数。故填means。
74.考查连词。句意:它长17.9米,最大直径4.2米。分析句子结构可知,“is 17.9 meters
long”和“has a maximum diameter of 4.2 meters”是并列关系,故填并列连词and。故填and。
75.考查介词。句意:“梦天”主要是为科学实验设计的。be designed for表示“为……而设计”符合句意。故填for。
76.考查名词。句意:它装满了可以支持数百个实验的舱房。hundreds of+名词复数表示“数百个……”,符合句意。故填hundreds。
77.考查定语从句。句意:在“梦天”舱进行的科学实验有望使科学家们进行尖端研究,可能有助于实现世界级的发现。分析句子结构可知,“___7___may contribute to world-class findings”是非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词是“cutting-edge studies”,故用which引导定语从句。故填which。
78.考查冠词。句意:其中一个中心负责制定和实施天宫空间站科学工作的计划和时间表。根据“Tiangong space station”可知,空处需填冠词,此处表示独一无二的天宫空间站,故用定冠词。故填the。
79.考查时态。句意:该中心的一名工作人员说:“到目前为止,我们在这8个舱房里安排了大约40个实验。分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语动词,时间状语是“So far”,故用现在完成时,主语是“we”。故填have arranged。
80.考查副词。句意:同时,我们将按照总体规划逐步开展各项实验。根据“carry... out”可知,空处需填副词作状语,修饰动词,gradual作形容词,表示“逐渐的”。故填gradually。
81.Completing/Having completed 82.to 83.truly 84.While/Though/Although 85.wider 86.resistance 87.a 88.that/which 89.To ensure 90.will be delivered
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国产的C919飞机,包括其近期完成的首次商业飞行、尺寸、特别之处等。
81.考查非谓语动词。句意:该飞机完成了从上海到北京的旅程,标志着中国航空业向前迈出了一大步。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作时间状语,为非谓语动词,此处可理解为complete“完成”的动作发生后,紧跟着发生谓语动作,用complete的现在分词形式,或理解为complete的动作先于谓语动作发生,用complete的现在分词完成式,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Completing/Having completed。
82.考查介词。句意:C919的尺寸与空客320和波音737相似,经常被拿来与这些机型进行比较。根据“Similar in size”和“the Airbus 320 and Boeing 737”可推知,此处用固定短语be similar to,意为“与……相似”,因此空处应用介词to。故填to。
83.考查副词。句意:但它真的是“中国的”。分析句子可知,空处修饰表语,应用true的副词形式truly,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
84.考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然大多数飞机的机头有6块玻璃,C919只有4块,这是为了给飞行员提供更广阔的视野,减少机头的阻力。根据“大多数飞机的机头有6块玻璃”和“C919只有4块”可知,此处有让步的关系,空处应用连词while/though/although引导让步状语从句,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填While/Though/Although。
85.考查形容词比较级。句意:虽然大多数飞机的机头有6块玻璃,C919只有4块,这是为了给飞行员提供更广阔的视野,减少机头的阻力。此处是在对C919的机头只有4块玻璃进行介绍,这与大多数飞机不同,暗含了比较的意义,因此空处应用wide的比较级形式。故填wider。
86.考查名词。句意:虽然大多数飞机的机头有6块玻璃,C919只有4块,这是为了给飞行员提供更广阔的视野,减少机头的阻力。分析句子可知,空处作reduce的宾语,因此应用resist的名词形式resistance,意为“阻力”,为不可数名词。故填resistance。
87.考查冠词。句意:就像人类的大脑控制身体的运动一样,飞机的控制律是控制飞机的系统。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且human的发音以辅音音素开头,因此应用a。故填a。
88.考查定语从句。句意:就像人类的大脑控制身体的运动一样,飞机的控制律是控制飞机的系统。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词system,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
89.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了确保高质量,它的制造商从世界各地的其他公司收集了可靠的零件。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作句子的目的状语,因此应用ensure的不定式形式,且空处位于句首,首字母需大写。故填To ensure。
90.考查时态和语态。句意:据新华社报道,C919飞机将在未来两年内交付三架。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,结合时间状语over the next two years可知,时态应用一般将来时,deliver“交付”和主语A total of three C919 aircraft之间是被动关系,因此应用被动语态。故填will be delivered。