2024高考英语考前十天冲刺之阅读理解说明文议论文
说明文
社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。
在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
说明文模拟专区：
做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·山东济南·三模）Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role.
People can’t bridge language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity.
According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn’t include actual words or onomatopoeias (拟声词) .
Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds
Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us.
Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground.
1．Which of the following can explain “iconicity”
A．A skill in foreign language learning.
B．The process of acting out our meanings.
C．The connection between form and meaning.
D．A barrier between different language speakers.
2．What can we know about the contest
A．It required sounds containing meanings.
B．Its winners were creative in recordings.
C．It aimed to prove iconicity in words.
D．Its entries were familiar to listeners.
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A．English pronunciations differ.
B．The research has a limitation.
C．The cultural gap is narrowing.
D．Listening skills vary in cultures.
4．What is the significance of the research
A．Clarifying the influence of sounds.
B．Proving the necessity of exchanges.
C．Uncovering the origin of languages.
D．Identifying the function of gestures.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了语言的起源于象似性有关，解释了象似性的概念以及研究开展的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity.(在玩猜字游戏时，我们用手和身体来描述物体的大小和形状，来表达我们的意思。形成新符号的关键是使用象似性。不仅限于手势，象似性也出现在我们的视觉交流中。交通标志、食品包装、地图……只要有人在交流，你就会发现有象似性)”可知，形式和意义之间的联系可以解释“象似性”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options.(我们组织了一个比赛，邀请参赛者录下一组声音来表达不同的意思。比赛的获胜者取决于听者根据一组书面选项猜出声音的意思的程度)”可知，比赛需要包含意义的声音。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds (听众非常善于解读声音的含义。然而，所有的参赛者和听众都说英语。因此，有可能听者的成功依赖于他们与说话者共享的一些文化知识。听众是否也能理解来自完全不同文化背景的说话者？)”可知，这项研究有局限性。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role.(至于语言是如何产生的，科学家们发现象似性可能起着关键作用)”以及最后一段“Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground.(综上所述，这些研究表明，我们进行标志性交流的能力发挥了关键作用。如果没有这种特殊的天赋，语言可能永远不会起步)”可知，研究的意义是揭示语言的起源。故选C。
（2024·浙江金华·二模）Sometimes we only appreciate something when we realize we may lose it. That is the story of the Everglades. A shallow slow-moving river, the Everglades once covered about 18,000 square miles of southern Florida. Until the 1900s, few people lived in the grassy wetlands. Not much was understood about the unique balance of nature that existed there. Plants, creatures, and water had formed a remarkable ecosystem.
By the early 1900s, Florida’s pleasant winters attracted more people. Visitors became new permanent
residents. They built homes and roads. The conditions looked good for farming, so the newcomers planted large agricultural crops. But South Florida’s cycle of flooding was a problem. To address that, developers attempted to drain (排水) the land. They also built structures to control water levels and flow.
Those changes made it easier for more people to live year-round in South Florida. However, they also disturbed life in the Everglades, which depends on freshwater regularly refilling the land. The area’s growing human population needed freshwater. And large farms consumed large quantities of freshwater. By the mid-1900s, water levels in southern Florida began to go down. Lack of freshwater wasn’t the only problem. As more and more land was developed for people and farms, the Everglades’ historic boundaries contracted. Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.
Some people hoped that the government’s recognition might save the Everglades. They fought for it. Everglades National Park was established in 1947. It became the first park in the United States created for its biodiversity.
Now, Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there. About 360 different species of birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species of fish have been identified. About 40 species of mammals and 50 species of reptiles inhabit the park. Nature still rules in the Everglades, a place worth understanding, appreciating, and protecting.
5．What was the Everglades like before the 1900s
A．Naturally wild. B．Partly explored.
C．Completely lifeless. D．Thickly populated.
6．What problem did new residents cause for the Everglades
A．A cycle of flooding.
B．Pollution of freshwater.
C．Possible extinction of native species.
D．The extension of historic boundaries.
7．Why are the figures mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To attract visitors to the park.
B．To stress the great power of nature.
C．To call for more efforts to protect nature.
D．To show the successful conservation of the park.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．How people adapted to life in the Everglades.
B．How Everglades National Park was established.
C．How humans harmed and saved the Everglades.
D．How the ecosystem of the Everglades was formed.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人类如何伤害和拯救大沼泽地。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Until the 1900s, few people lived in the grassy wetlands. Not much was understood about the unique balance of nature that existed there. Plants, creatures, and water had formed a remarkable ecosystem.”（ 直到20世纪，很少有人住在长满青草的湿地上。人们对那里存在的独特的自然平衡了解不多。植物、生物和水形成了一个引人注目的生态系统。）可知，大沼泽地在20世纪以前是自然野生的状态。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.”（栖息地的丧失和狩猎威胁着大沼泽地本地物种的生存。）可知，新居民给大沼泽地带来的问题是本地物种可能灭绝。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there. About 360 different species of birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species of fish have been identified. About 40 species of mammals and 50 species of reptiles inhabit the park.”（ 现在，大沼泽地国家公园保护着佛罗里达州南端150万英亩的土地。那里生活着各种各样的生物。公园里发现了大约360种不同的鸟类。已经确认了近300种不同的鱼类。公园内栖息着大约40种哺乳动物和50种爬行动物。）可知，最后一段的数字表明了展示公园保护的成功。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“By the early 1900s, Florida’s pleasant winters attracted more people. Visitors became new permanent residents. They built homes and roads. The conditions looked good for farming, so the newcomers planted large agricultural crops.”（ 到了20世纪初，佛罗里达宜人的冬天吸引了更多的人。游客成为新的永久居民。他们建造房屋和道路。那里的条件看起来很适合耕种，所以新来的人种植了大量的农作物。）根据第三段“As more and more land was developed for people and farms, the Everglades’ historic boundaries contracted. Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.”（ 随着越来越多的土地被开发用于人类和农场，大沼泽地的历史边界缩小了。栖息地的丧失和狩猎威胁着大沼泽地本地物种的生存。）根据最后一段“Now, Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there. About 360 different species of birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species of fish have been identified. About 40 species of mammals and 50 species of reptiles inhabit the park.”（ 现在，大沼泽地国家公园保护着佛罗里达州南端150万英亩的土地。那里生活着各种各样的生物。公园里发现了大约360种不同的鸟类。已经确认了近300种不同的鱼类。公园内栖息着大约40种哺乳动物和50种爬行动物。）可知，短语主要介绍了人类如何伤害和拯救大沼泽地。故选C项。
（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）Nearly one-third of American adolescents and adults are affected by anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. In fact, over the last decade, anxiety has surpassed depression as the most common reason college students seek counseling (咨询) services, the New York Times reported. Sixty-two percent of undergraduates in survey reported “unbearable anxiety,” a significant increase from 50 percent in 2011.
Anxiety, along with depression, cuts across all demographics (人口统计数据), including both privileged and disadvantaged teenagers. But privileged teens are among the most emotionally upset youth in America, Arizona State University psychology professor Suniya Luthar told the New York Times.
“These kids are incredibly anxious and perfectionistic,” Suniya Luthar said, “there’s always one more activity, one more A．P. class, one more thing to do in order to get into a top college. Kids have a sense that they’re not measuring up. The pressure is never-ending and getting worse.” But helicopter parents aren’t always to blame. Many students internalize the anxiety and put the pressure on themselves, Madeline Levine, co-founder of Challenge Success, a nonprofit aimed at improving student well-being, told the Times.
Another expert, psychiatrist Stephanie Eken, said despite the cultural differences, there’s a lot of overlap among teens regarding what makes them anxious. Eken mentions factors range from school, family conflicts, what food to eat, diseases, how they’re perceived by friends and notably in the last few years, Eken told the Times, to a rising fear about terrorism. “They wonder about whether it’s safe to go to a movie theater,” she said.
A lack of close, meaningful relationships is also a major factor. Experts have long said mental and physical changes associated with puberty (青春期) may leave teens at higher risk for anxiety. And social media doesn’t help, Eken said, adding that teens are always comparing themselves with their friends, which leaves them miserable.
When Times reporter Benoit Denizet-Lewis visited Mountain Valley, a nonprofit that offers teens need-based assistance for $910 a day, a college student at the facility said, “I don’t think we realize how much it’s affecting our moods and personalities. Social media is a tool, but it’s become this thing that we can’t live without but that’s making us crazy.”
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A big rise in anxiety among teens.
B．A report on mental health of adolescents.
C．Common mental health disorders in adults.
D．The reason for adults seeking counseling services.
10．What do we know about privileged teenagers according to Suniya Luthar
A．Their parents pressure them too much.
B．They are less anxious than disadvantaged teenagers.
C．Their pressure often comes from themselves, not from others.
D．They suffer extreme anxiety under pressure of perfection.
11．Why did Eken mention the factors in paragraph 4
A．To give general causes of stress and anxiety.
B．To show typical examples of cultural differences.
C．To illustrate the importance of close relationships.
D．To state the impact of everyday things on mental health.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Is anxiety increasing in the United States
B．Why are more US teens suffering from anxiety
C．How is social media affecting teens with anxiety
D．How do we help teenagers deal with mental illness
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国大量青少年面临焦虑问题及其原因。
9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearly one-third of American adolescents and adults are affected by anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. In fact, over the last decade, anxiety has surpassed depression as the most common reason college students seek counseling (咨询) services, the New York Times reported. Sixty-two percent of undergraduates in survey reported “unbearable anxiety,” a significant increase from 50 percent in 2011. (根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，近三分之一的美国青少年和成年人受到焦虑的影响。事实上，据《纽约时报》报道，在过去的十年里，焦虑已经超过抑郁，成为大学生寻求心理咨询服务的最常见原因。62%的受访大学生表示自己有“无法忍受的焦虑”，较2011年的50%有显著增长。)”可知，调查中62%的学生感到难以承受的焦虑，而在2011年，这一数字是50%。所以本段主要讲述了青少年的焦虑情绪大幅上升。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段““These kids are incredibly anxious and perfectionistic,” Suniya Luthar said, “there’s always one more activity, one more A. P. class, one more thing to do in order to get into a top college.
Kids have a sense that they’re not measuring up. The pressure is never-ending and getting worse.” But helicopter parents aren’t always to blame. Many students internalize the anxiety and put the pressure on themselves, Madeline Levine, co-founder of Challenge Success, a nonprofit aimed at improving student well-being, told the Times. (“这些孩子非常焦虑，非常追求完美，”苏尼娅·卢瑟说，“为了进入顶尖大学，他们总要多参加一项活动，多上一堂体育课，多做一件事。孩子们有一种感觉，他们没有达到标准。压力永无止境，而且越来越大。”但直升机式父母并不总是受到指责。“挑战成功”(Challenge Success)是一家旨在提高学生幸福感的非营利组织，其联合创始人玛德琳·莱文(Madeline Levine)告诉《纽约时报》，许多学生将焦虑内化，并给自己施加压力。)”可知，优等生感觉自己不够好而进不了一流大学，因此总是格外努力，追求完美，所以他们在追求完美的压力下极度焦虑。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another expert, psychiatrist Stephanie Eken, said despite the cultural differences, there’s a lot of overlap among teens regarding what makes them anxious. Eken mentions factors range from school, family conflicts, what food to eat, diseases, how they’re perceived by friends and notably in the last few years, Eken told the Times, to a rising fear about terrorism. “They wonder about whether it’s safe to go to a movie theater,” she said. (另一位专家、精神病学家斯蒂芬妮·埃肯(Stephanie Eken)表示，尽管存在文化差异，但在导致青少年焦虑的原因方面，他们有很多共同点。埃肯提到的因素包括学校、家庭冲突、吃什么食物、疾病、朋友对他们的看法，尤其是在过去几年里，埃肯告诉《泰晤士报》，对恐怖主义的恐惧日益加剧。“他们想知道去电影院是否安全，”她说。)”可知，埃肯提到这些因素是为了给出压力和焦虑的一般原因。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nearly one-third of American adolescents and adults are affected by anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. In fact, over the last decade, anxiety has surpassed depression as the most common reason college students seek counseling (咨询) services, the New York Times reported. Sixty-two percent of undergraduates in survey reported “unbearable anxiety,” a significant increase from 50 percent in 2011. (根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，近三分之一的美国青少年和成年人受到焦虑的影响。事实上，据《纽约时报》报道，在过去的十年里，焦虑已经超过抑郁，成为大学生寻求心理咨询服务的最常见原因。62%的受访大学生表示自己有“无法忍受的焦虑”，较2011年的50%有显著增长。)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讨论的是越来越多的美国青少年面临焦虑问题，所以B项“Why are more US teens suffering from anxiety (为什么越来越多的美国青少年患有焦虑症 )”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）Ancient humans were hunter-gatherers. They followed herds of animals on the hunt and gathered eatable plants as well. Starting around 10,000 years ago, humans in a handful of regions around the world discovered agriculture. People discovered that certain seeds could be planted and crops could be reliably grown. It is impossible to overstate how important the change was. Some time after that, people in the same regions began to domesticate animals, keeping cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats in controlled conditions, eating them and using their hides.
Even fairly primitive agriculture can produce fifty times more caloric energy than hunting and gathering does. The very basis of human life is how much energy we can gain from food; with agriculture and animal domestication, it was possible for families to grow much larger and overall population levels to rise dramatically.
One of the noteworthy aspects of this change is that hunter-gatherers actually had much more leisure time than farmers did. Archaeologists (考古学家) have determined that hunter-gatherers generally only“worked”for a few hours a day, and spent the rest of their time in leisure activities. Meanwhile, farmers always worked incredibly hard for very long hours. In many places in the ancient world, there were groups of people who remained hunter-gatherers despite knowing about agriculture, and it was quite possible they did that because they saw no particular advantage
in adopting agriculture. There were also many areas that practiced both—right up until the modern time, many farmers tried to forage in wild areas near their farms.
Agriculture was developed in a few different places completely independently. According to archaeological evidence, agriculture did not start in one place and then spread; it started in a few distinct areas and then spread from those areas, sometimes meeting in the middle. For example, agriculture developed independently in China by 5000 BCE, and of course agriculture in the Americas (starting in western South America) had nothing to do with its earlier invention in the Fertile Crescent.
13．What’s the great change of early humans
A．Increasing population. B．Keeping pet animals.
C．Learning to plant. D．Using the hides.
14．What’s the disadvantage of agriculture compared with hunting and gathering
A．It employed more time and efforts.
B．It was less productive than hunting.
C．It rewarded people with fewer gains.
D．It needed more skills and techniques.
15．What does the underlined word “forage” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Grow plants. B．Exchange goods.
C．Gather together. D．Hunt for food.
16．What does the last paragraph show
A．Agriculture spread from one place to another.
B．China made great contributions to agriculture.
C．Agriculture developed separately in the world.
D．Earlier inventions had something in common with agriculture.
【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了早期人类从狩猎、采集食物到农耕的转变及其原因，并简要分析了农业发展的特点。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ancient humans were hunter-gatherers. They followed herds of animals on the hunt and gathered eatable plants as well. Starting around 10,000 years ago, humans in a handful of regions around the world discovered agriculture. People discovered that certain seeds could be planted and crops could be reliably grown. It is impossible to overstate how important the change was.( 古人类是狩猎采集者。他们追踪动物群进行狩猎，同时也采集可食用的植物。大约一万年前，世界各地的一些地区的人类发现了农业。人们发现某些种子可以种植，作物可以可靠地生长。这一变化的重要性再怎么强调也不为过)”可知，早期人类的巨大变化是指人们从狩猎、采集到农耕这种生产生活方式的转变。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Archaeologists (考古学家) have determined that hunter-gatherers generally only“worked”for a few hours a day, and spent the rest of their time in leisure activities. Meanwhile, farmers always worked incredibly hard for very long hours.(考古学家已经确定，狩猎采集者一般每天只“工作”几个小时，其余的时间都用于休闲活动。而与此同时，农民总是长时间地工作，且非常辛苦)”可知，农耕与狩猎、采集相比需要付出更多的时间和精力。故选A项。
15．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“There were also many areas that practiced both(也有一些地区同时实践两者)”可知，也有许多地区同时采用农耕和狩猎、采集两种方式；再根据画线单词后的“in wild areas near their farms(在他们农田附近的荒野……)”可推知，农夫们也会在农田附近寻找食物。 故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Agriculture was developed in a few different places completely independently(农业是在几个不同的地方完全独立地发展起来的)”可知，农业是在几个不同的地方完全独立地发展起来的，可推理出，农业是在世界各地分别发展起来的，故选C项。
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）When you go running in the woods in your running tights, elastane is the reason they fit you so comfortably. Elastane is an elastic material that allows the fabric to stretch and adapt to your body.
But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool or other fibres, it will be extremely difficult to separate out the different fibres, and therefore the materials in the clothes cannot be recycled. For this reason, clothes and other textiles are among the materials that we are the worst at recycling.
But this may change, says Assistant Professor Steffan Kvist Kristensen from Aarhus University. Together with a number of colleagues, he is behind a new technology that can separate out fibres in mixed fabrics.
“We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe, with some adjustments, we can solve the problem,” he says, “The fibres only break apart if we break the chains of molecules” .
The many links in the elastane chain are bound together by a small molecule called adiamine. By heating the clothes to 225 degrees Celsius and adding a specific alcohol, we have found a method to break down the bonds in elastane. When this happens, the chains fall apart and the materials separate. The whole process takes place in what is in effect a large pressure cooker that we feed the textiles into. We then add a little alcohol and some base and heat it up. Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated.
So far, Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for implementation at industrial scale. This will require being able to decompose much larger amounts of clothing. “We can only scale things up a little because of the limitations in our equipment. So it’s up to the industry to embrace the technology and scale it up in earnest,” he says, “If they don’t, the technology will never take off.”
17．Why were clothes difficult to be recycled
A．Because elastane adapts perfectly to our body.
B．Because materials in the clothes cannot be reused.
C．Because the division of diverse fibres could be tough.
D．Because we lack the devices to remove elastic materials.
18．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 5
A．Diamines will break down when heated to 225 degrees.
B．The chains will fall apart after a specific alcohol is added.
C．The whole process is in fact the same as a cooking process.
D．High pressure is a necessity to separate different fibres.
19．What was Kristensen’s attitude to the future of the technology
A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.
20．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．The recycling of used clothes met difficulties.
B．Scientists uncovered a technology to recycle used clothes.
C．The secret to separating different fibres was unlocked.
D．Scientist worked out ways to upgrade elastane fibres.
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们发现了一种新的分离衣物材料的技术，解决了衣物回收难的问题。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool or other fibres, it will be extremely difficult to separate out the different fibres, and therefore the materials in the clothes cannot be recycled. (但当弹性纤维与棉花、羊毛或其他纤维混合时，将很难分离出不同的纤维，因此衣服中的材料无法回收。)”可知，因为不同纤维的分离很困难所以衣服很难回收。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The whole process takes place in what is in effect a large pressure cooker that we feed the textiles into.(整个过程发生在一个实际上是我们将纺织品放入的大型高压锅中。)”可知，高压是分离不同纤维的必要条件。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘We can only scale things up a little because of the limitations in our equipment. So it’s up to the industry to embrace the technology and scale it up in earnest,’ he says, ‘If they don’t, the technology will never take off.’(“由于设备的限制，我们只能将规模扩大一点。因此，这取决于整个行业是否接受这项技术，并认真地扩大规模，”他说，“如果他们不这样做，这项技术就永远不会成功。”)”可知，Kristensen 意识到了实验的局限性，并表达出了对技术未来广泛运用的担忧。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Together with a number of colleagues, he is behind a new technology that can separate out fibres in mixed fabrics.(他和许多同事一起开发了一项新技术，可以从混合织物中分离出纤维。)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家发现了一种新的分离衣物材料的技术，解决了衣物回收难的问题。B“科学家发现了一种回收旧衣服的技术。”符合主题，故选B项。
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）A recent survey of British parents found that in all, 7% of respondents give their baby a made-up name and 65% are at least willing to consider such a move in new age.
A few examples of these new age baby names include Jaspin, Elisobelle, Wrenlow, and Maevery. Don’t see any names you like How about Evabeth Even if they themselves aren’t willing to choose such a name, a surprising 94% of respondents admit that made-up baby names are very much “in” these days.
Apparently, these parents believe they are helping their kids by selecting a rarer name. The survey noted that 72% of all respondents believe a unique name will help their child stand out from the crowd. Another 2% choose a made-up name for their baby with social media in mind, thinking a more unique name means their child’s social media account will be much easier for potential followers to find. But 16% also believe that a strange name may reflect poorly on the parents.
A popular strategy for parents to decide on a name is taking two names that both parents like, and combining them into one name（10%）. Another 9% combine the names of older relatives as a way to honor family. Similarly, many parents（30%） are drawing inspiration from popular movies and books.
However, the majority of surveyed parents（92%） at least admitted that giving their child an odd name is bound to result in a few drawbacks. For example, two-thirds worry that an odd name will be hard to spell and pronounce, and a third worry that their child’s teachers will judge them based on their unusual name. Of course, for those parents who are confident they’ve picked a winning made-up name, 13% actually worry about other parents stealing their child’s name.
21．How does the author illustrate the new trend
A．By making comparisons. B．By asking questions.
C．By listing statistics. D．By stating opinions.
22．Why do most parents give their newborns odd names
A．To make their children feel less special. B．To reflect their higher social status.
C．To draw others’ attention more easily. D．To attract more followers online.
23．What is most people’s attitude towards the new trend of naming babies
A．It will be advised by teachers. B．It can actually be double-edged.
C．It should be protected carefully. D．It surely makes parents confident.
24．What’s the best title for the text
A．Ordinary Names Are Parents’ New Pursuit B．An Odd Name Can Influence One’s Life
C．Trendy Names Appear on Social Media D．Newborns’ Unique Names Are Coming
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 24．D
【导语】这篇文章讨论了英国父母给新生儿起独特名字的新趋势，包括父母选择独特名字的原因、命名策略以及对这一趋势的看法。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A recent survey of British parents found that in all, 7% of respondents give their baby a made-up name and 65% are at least willing to consider such a move in new age.(最近一项对英国父母的调查发现，在所有受访者中，有7%的人给自己的宝宝取了一个编造的名字，65%的人至少愿意在新的时代考虑这样做。)”可知，作者通过列举统计数据来说明新趋势，故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据原文第二段第二句“The survey noted that 72% of all respondents believe a unique name will help their child stand out from the crowd.(调查显示，72%的受访者认为一个独特的名字会帮助他们的孩子脱颖而出。)”以及第三句“Another 2% choose a made-up name for their baby with social media in mind, thinking a more unique name means their child’s social media account will be much easier for potential followers to find.(另外2%的人为他们的宝宝选择一个编造的名字，考虑到社交媒体，认为一个更独特的名字意味着他们孩子的社交媒体账户将更容易被潜在的追随者找到。)”可知，大多数父母给新生儿取奇怪的名字是为了更容易吸引别人的注意，故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“However, the majority of surveyed parents（92%） at least admitted that giving their child an odd name is bound to result in a few drawbacks.(然而，绝大多数受访的父母（92%）至少承认，给孩子取一个奇怪的名字一定会带来一些缺点。)”可知，大多数人对于给婴儿取名的新趋势的态度是它实际上可能是双刃剑，可推理出，新趋势既有优点也有缺点，故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent survey of British parents found that in all, 7% of respondents give their baby a made-up name and 65% are at least willing to consider such a move in new age(最近一项对英国父母的调查发现，总的来说，有7%的受访者给他们的孩子起了个编造的名字，65%的人至少愿意在新时代考虑这种做法)”、第三段“Apparently, these parents believe they are helping their kids by selecting a rarer name(显然，这些父母认为他们通过给孩子取一个更罕见的名字来帮助他们)”以及最后一段“For example, two-thirds worry that an odd name will be hard to spell and pronounce, and a third worry that their child’s teachers will judge them based on their unusual name. Of course, for those parents who are confident they’ve picked a winning made-up name, 13% actually worry about other parents stealing their child’s name. (例如，三分之二的人担心一个奇怪的名字会很难拼写和发音，三分之一的人担心他们孩子的老师会根据他们不寻常的名字来判断他们。当然，对于那些自信已经选了一个获胜的编造名字的父母来说，13%的人实际上担心其他父母会盗用他们孩子的名字。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了新生儿的独特名字正在出现的趋势，故选D项。
（2024·江苏镇江·三模）The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent
out self-driving cars. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.
A study from the University of California suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could significantly reduce carbon emissions and cut the cost of transportation by 2050, which sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as responsibility and maintenance issues. But driverless car ownership could increase as more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
25．As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern
A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management.
26．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ______.
A．help deal with transportation-related problems B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs
27．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Shared. B．Replaced. C．Employed. D．Reduced.
28．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.(但无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统，或好或坏，这取决于如何对这种转变进行监管)”以及最后一段中“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. (政策制定者现在应该开始思考，如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大我们今天的汽车控制交通系统的最糟糕方面)”可知，关于无人驾驶汽车，作者最担心的是管理问题。结合选项，故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.(虽然到目前为止，大部分争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上，但政策制定者也应该讨论一下，自动驾驶汽车如何有助于减少交通拥堵、减少排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择)”可知，作者认为，应该关注无人驾驶汽车如何帮助处理与交通相关的问题。故选A。
27．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A study from the University of California suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could significantly reduce carbon emissions and cut the cost of transportation by 2050, which sound pretty appealing. (加州大学的一项研究表明，到2050年，用电动、自动驾驶和共享系统取代全球汽油驱动的私家车可以显著减少碳排放，降低交通成本，这听起来很有吸引力)”和本句“by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues”可知，无人驾驶汽车拥有排放少和交通便宜的优势，再加上考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，所以推测第一批商用无人驾驶汽车肯定会采用代驾服务。故划线词应是“采用”类似词义。结合选项，应选C。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.(即将到来的技术进步为城市和州提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，旨在运送更多的人，更实惠。未来的汽车即将到来。我们只需要做好计划)”可推断出，对于无人驾驶车的未来，作者的态度还是比较积极的。故选B。
（2024·山东威海·二模）How much water does the average adult need to drink every day “Eight 8-ounce glasses” is common advice, but any truly serious answer to the how-much question will begin with some version of it depends.”
Researchers have long known that a region called SFO in the brain monitors the concentration (浓度) of water and salts in blood and triggers the urge to drink. But they failed to fully explain how we experience thirst. For example, when we gulp a drink, we feel almost instantly satisfied, and yet it takes 10 to 15 minutes for a liquid to enter our bloodstream. Recently neuroscientists have gained other remarkable insights into how thirst is monitored in the body and controlled in the brain.
In a series of elegant experiments with mice, Zimmerman, a neuroscientist, and his associates measured the activity of neurons (神经元) in the SFO. “We saw that their activity changed very fast when the mouse drank water or drank saltwater and when it ate food,” he says. The researchers showed that signals gathered at the SFO from several places. “You get a signal from the blood that tells your current state of hydration (水平衡), a signal from the mouth that tells you how much fluid you drank, and a signal from the gut that tells you what was consumed — was it water, was it something else ” The SFO neurons, he explains, “add these signals together” and then transmit the urge to drink or stop drinking.
The big takeaway of Zimmerman’s work is that for the most part you can trust your thirst system to tell you when you need to drink. But there are exceptions. Because the system’s sensitivity may decline with age. People with certain health conditions, including kidney stones and diarrhea, also need extra water.
Other parts of the brain — the ones used in planning — should help with hydration on hot days and when exercising. Thirsty or not, Zimmerman says, he drinks water before going for a run: “My thirst neurons don’t know I’m about to run 10 miles.”
29．What has long been known about thirst
A．Thirst experience varies among individuals.
B．Thirst is controlled by the water-salt balance in blood.
C．Thirst satisfaction occurs with water entering bloodstream.
D．Thirst response is influenced by the type of liquid consumed.
30．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Why we feel thirst.
B．Where SFO gets signals.
C．How we experience thirst.
D．When SFO neurons get active.
31．What’s the major conclusion from Zimmerman’s study
A．Thirst system is generally reliable.
B．Illness might affect thirst sensation.
C．Brain areas for planning aid in hydration.
D．Brain adjusts to age-related thirst sensitivity.
32．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Drink Your Way to Health
B．Application of the Thirst Mechanisms
C．Misunderstanding of Daily Water Intake
D．Body Detects Daily Water Needs Cleverly
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．A 32．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了身体能巧妙地检测出每天所需的水分。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers have long known that a region called SFO in the brain monitors the concentration (浓度) of water and salts in blood and triggers the urge to drink.(研究人员早就知道，大脑中有一个叫做SFO的区域可以监测血液中水和盐的浓度，并触发喝水的冲动。)”可知，关于口渴，人们早就知道口渴是由血液中的水盐平衡控制的。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In a series of elegant experiments with mice, Zimmerman, a neuroscientist, and his associates measured the activity of neurons (神经元) in the SFO…. The SFO neurons, he explains, “add these signals together” and then transmit the urge to drink or stop drinking.(神经科学家齐默尔曼和他的同事们用老鼠做了一系列精美的实验，测量了SFO神经元的活动。……他解释说，SFO神经元“将这些信号加在一起”，然后传递饮酒或戒酒的冲动。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了我们如何体验口渴。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The big takeaway of Zimmerman’s work is that for the most part you can trust your thirst system to tell you when you need to drink.(齐默尔曼研究的主要结论是，在大多数情况下，你可以相信你的口渴系统会告诉你什么时候需要喝水。)”可知，齐默尔曼研究的主要结论是口渴系统通常是可靠的。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The big takeaway of Zimmerman’s work is that for the most part you can trust your thirst system to tell you when you need to drink.(齐默尔曼研究的主要结论是，在大多数情况下，你可以相信你的口渴系统会告诉你什么时候需要喝水。)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现，身体能巧妙地检测出每天所需的水分。故选D。
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）To better understand the ocean’s overall health, researchers hope to utilize some simplest creatures as tools to assess aquatic ecosystems. All they need is stunning $20 worth of materials, a 3D-printer, and some natural jellyfish.
Although it’s extremely dangerous, technologically challenging, and expensive for humans to reach the ocean’s deepest regions, jellyfish do it all the time. Jellyfish first began dancing through Earth’s ancient oceans at least half a billion years ago, making them some of the planet’s oldest creatures. In all that time, however, their biological appearance has remained pretty consistent—a bell-shaped, brainless head attached to a mass of tentacles （触须）, all of which is composed of around 95 percent water. Unfortunately, that same steady state can’t be said of their habitat, thanks to humanity’s ongoing environmental impacts. “Since they don’t have a brain or the ability to sense pain, we’ve been able to cooperate with bioethicists to develop this biohybrid robotic application in a way that’s ethically principled,” a lead researcher of this study, John Dabiri said in a recent profile.
Previously, Dabiri’s lab implanted jellyfish with a kind of electronic pacemaker that controls the speed at which they swim. This time, the team went a step further, adding what they call a forebody to the jellyfish. It is like a hat that sits on top of the jellyfish’s bell. This 3D-printed, hat-like addition not only houses electronics and sensors, but makes its wearer even faster. In a specially built, three-story vertical aquarium, a jellyfish equipped with a combination of the swimming pacemaker and forebody can swim up to 4.5 times faster than its all-natural counterpart.
“It’s well known that the ocean is critical for determining our present and future climate on land, and yet, we still know surprisingly little about the ocean, especially away from the surface,” Dabiri said. “Our goal is to finally move that needle by taking an unconventional approach inspired by one of the few animals that already successfully explores the entire ocean.”By controlling their jellies’ vertical ascent and descent, Dabiri’s team believes the biohybrids could help gather deep ocean data previously obtainable only by using extremely price y research vessels and equipment.
33．What made jellyfish chosen for the study
A．Its consistent habitat. B．Its existence for long.
C．Its watery composition. D．Its insensibility to pain.
34．What does the underlined word “addition” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A forebody. B．A pacemaker.
C．A hat-wearing jellyfish. D．A speed sensor.
35．What’s the role of a natural jellyfish in the study
A．A data collector. B．A device carrier.
C．A climate change predictor. D．The model of a robotic application.
36．What’s probably the most eye-catching advantage of this study
A．Its potential to explore the ocean. B．Its role in determining the climate.
C．The animal-friendly approach to research. D．The significant decline in research funding.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员利用水母作为工具来评估水生生态系统的健康状况，以便更好地了解海洋的整体健康状况。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Since they don’t have a brain or the ability to sense pain, we’ve been able to cooperate with bioethicists to develop this biohybrid robotic application in a way that’s ethically principled”（由于它们没有大脑，也不能感知疼痛，我们已经能够与生物伦理学家合作，以一种符合伦理原则的方式开发这种生物混合机器人应用。）可推知，水母被选为研究对象的原因是它对疼痛的不敏感性。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“This time, the team went a step further, adding what they call a forebody to
the jellyfish. ”（这一次，研究小组更进一步，给水母添加了他们所谓的前体）可推知，这个3D打印的、像帽子一样的附件不仅可以容纳电子设备和传感器，而且还可以使其穿戴者更快，因此，这个“addition”是指的“forebody”，即前体。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By controlling their jellies’ vertical ascent and descent, Dabiri’s team believes the biohybrids could help gather deep ocean data previously obtainable only by using extremely pricey research vessels and equipment.”（通过控制他们的水母的垂直上升和下降，Dabiri的团队认为这些生物混合体可以帮助收集以前只能通过使用极其昂贵的研究船只和设备才能获得的深海数据。）可推知，自然水母在研究中的角色是数据收集器。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Our goal is to finally move that needle by taking an unconventional approach inspired by one of the few animals that already successfully explores the entire ocean.”（我们的目标是通过一种非传统的方法来改变这一局面，这种方法的灵感来自于少数已经成功探索了整个海洋的动物之一）可推知，这项研究最引人注目的优点可能是动物友好型的研究方法。故选C。
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）Smart entertainment is changing how we engage with leisure. By combining cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (Al), augmented reality, and the internet of things with traditional forms of entertainment, this inn ovation is enhancing users’ experiences.
In 2023, Huawei introduced its Vision Smart TV3, transforming your home into your own amusement park. This innovative technology features groundbreaking AI super-sensing cameras and AI vision chips powered by deep learning and big data. These advanced components see and study your movements, enabling you to control characters through your body gestures. Social media is busy with users sharing their experiences of playing motion-sensing games, which require real-life movements like jumping and squatting instead of simply holding a controller.
The Vision Smart TV is not only cutting-edge but also family-friendly. Turning on the kids mode allows the screen to monitor real-time data, offering suggestions for adjusting a child’s viewing distance and posture. This provides a safe and comfortable entertainment experience for the younger audience. TorieZ, a Huawei Vision Smart TV3 owner and a mother of a 3-year-old daughter, shared her experience on Xiaohongshu. “Thanks to the smart screen, my child maintains good posture without constant supervision because her favorite cartoons stop if she slouches(懒洋洋地坐),” she said. When she’s free, TorieZ and her husband enjoy exercising together under the instructions of the TV.
We cannot only play video games merely on the screens; now, with smart entertainment, you can get an immersive experience of Mario Kart, a racing video game, put right into your living room. While playing the game, players can control their karts running in their living rooms. Each kart has an onboard camera on it. The camera can record the layout of where they are and upload it to the Nintendo system. After processing it, some settings, like jungles and snowy landscapes, are created based on the layout and shown on the Switch screen. So, things in your living room, like the sofa and table, your feet or even your cat, can be a part of your game.
Step outside and you can also enjoy smart entertainment experiences. Shanghai Disney Resort uses big data analysis to offer personalized services. In the US and South America, VR World, the largest VR club, gives users super real gaming and travel adventures.
Looking forward, cutting-edge technologies will continue to change how we spend our leisure time.
37．How does Huawei’s Vision Smart TV3 improve user interaction in gaming experiences
A．Through touch-activated screens.
B．Through voice-activated commands.
C．Through thought-based gaming controls.
D．Through immediate responses to motion gestures.
38．How does the author illustrate the benefit of Vision Smart TV3 in Paragraph 3
A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting a reason.
C．By giving an example. D．By clarifying a definition.
39．What can we learn about the video game Mario Kart according to the passage
A．The settings are fixed and can’t be changed.
B．Physical objects in the room can become part of the game.
C．Players wear VR headsets for a more engaging experience.
D．Players interact with AI characters in the game.
40．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Having fun in new ways B．How to spend our leisure time
C．Cutting-edge technologies D．Innovative video games
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了智能娱乐正在改变我们的休闲方式，通过将人工智能（AI）、增强现实和物联网等尖端技术与传统娱乐形式相结合，华为推出的Vision Smart TV3这项创新正在增强用户体验。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These advanced components see and study your movements, enabling you to control characters through your body gestures.(这些先进的组件见证并研究你的动作，使你能够通过你的身体手势来控制角色。)”可知，Vision Smart TV3通过本身的先进组件，对用户的动作研究，通过用户的身体手势来控制游戏角色。即通过游戏用户的动作手势的即时反应让用户获得游戏体验。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The Vision Smart TV is not only cutting-edge but also family-friendly. Turning on the kids mode allows the screen to monitor real-time data, offering suggestions for adjusting a child’s viewing distance and posture. This provides a safe and comfortable entertainment experience for the younger audience. TorieZ, a Huawei Vision Smart TV3 owner and a mother of a 3-year-old daughter, shared her experience on Xiaohongshu. “Thanks to the smart screen, my child maintains good posture without constant supervision because her favorite cartoons stop if she slouches (懒洋洋地坐),” she said. When she’s free, TorieZ and her husband enjoy exercising together under the instructions of the TV. (Vision智能电视不仅技术先进，而且适合家庭使用。打开儿童模式后，屏幕可以监控实时数据，提供调整儿童观看距离和姿势的建议。这为年轻观众提供了安全舒适的娱乐体验。华为视界智能电视3拥有者、3岁女儿的母亲TorieZ在小红书上分享了她的经历。“多亏了智能屏幕，我的孩子在没有持续监督的情况下保持良好的姿势，因为如果她懒洋洋地坐，她最喜欢的卡通片就会停止，”她说。当她有空时，TorieZ和她的丈夫喜欢在电视的指导下一起锻炼。)”可知，在本段中作者以TorieZ在小红书上的分享为例说明了Vision Smart TV3的好处，故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“We can not only play video games merely on the screens; now, with smart entertainment, you can get an immersive experience of Mario Kart, a racing video game, put right into your living room. While playing the game, players can control their karts running in their living rooms. Each kart has an onboard camera on it. The camera can record the layout of where they are and upload it to the Nintendo system. After processing it, some settings, like jungles and snowy landscapes, are created based on the layout and shown on the Switch screen. So, things in your living room, like the sofa and table, your feet or even your cat, can be a part of your game.(我们不仅可以在屏幕上玩电子游戏；现在，有了智能娱乐，你可以在客厅里沉浸式地体验马里奥赛车，这是一款赛车视频游戏。在玩游戏的同时，玩家可以控制他们的卡丁车
在他们的客厅里运行。每辆卡丁车上都有一个车载摄像头。摄像头可以记录他们所在位置的布局，并将其上传到任天堂系统。处理后，一些设置，如丛林和雪景，是基于布局创建的，并显示在Switch屏幕上。所以，客厅里的东西，比如沙发和桌子，你的脚，甚至你的猫，都可以成为你游戏的一部分。)”可知，通过智能娱乐，用户可以沉浸式地体验马里奥赛车。在玩游戏的同时，用户可以通过游戏里卡丁车上的车载摄像，实时记录家中物体的位置布局，把信息传至游戏系统中，从而基于家中物体的布局，创建游戏场景。可推知，马里奥游戏可以使得房间的物体成为游戏的组成部分。故选B项。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“Smart entertainment is changing how we engage with leisure. By combining cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), augmented reality, and the internet of things with traditional forms of entertainment, this innovation is enhancing users’ experiences.(智能娱乐正在改变我们参与休闲的方式。通过将人工智能（AI）、增强现实和物联网等尖端技术与传统娱乐形式相结合，这种创新正在增强用户的体验。)”总说了智能娱乐现在正在通过一些尖端技术与传统娱乐形式相结合的形式，增强用户的体验。接着在下文中举例提到了华为推出的Vision Smart TV3这项创新的用户使用的事例；以及最后一段“Looking forward, cutting-edge technologies will continue to change how we spend our leisure time.(展望未来，尖端科技将继续改变我们度过闲暇时光的方式。)”可知，本文主要讲述了尖端技术的应用，增强了用户的游戏体验。所以文章的标题可以为“智能娱乐技术成为了增强用户的新体验方式”，A项与文意贴合，故选A项。
（2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）Whales are known for their majestic (雄伟的) songs that travel through the ocean depths, but the reasons behind this behavior have long puzzled scientists. Recent research reveals this mystery, suggesting that whales possess a unique voice box that enables their powerful voice, a feature not found in other animals.
In a study published in the journal Nature, Coen Elemans and his team from the University of Southern Denmark examined the voice boxes. By conducting experiments, the researchers identified the tissues responsible for producing sound.
Whales, whose ancestors were land-dwellers around 50 million years ago, have developed their voice boxes over millions of years to adapt to underwater communication. Unlike humans and many other mammals (哺乳动物) , whales lack vocal cords and instead have a unique U-shaped tissue in their voice boxes. This specialized structure allows them to intake large volumes of air and generate sounds by pushing this tissue against a cushion of fat and muscle, a mechanism essential for their deep-sea sound.
The significance of this research is highlighted by Jeremy Goldbogen, an associate professor at Stanford University, who describes it as the most comprehensive study to date on how whales vocalize. He emphasizes the need for further exploration to these marine giants. For instance, humpback whales are known for their sound that can travel vast distances across oceans, serving as a form of communication within whales.
Joy Reidenberg, a whale expert, says, “More experiments are needed to confirm the study’s conclusions and understand how these creatures use their voice boxes to communicate in the ocean.”
41．What does the research find
A．Whales may make sound underwater.
B．Whales communicate in a special way.
C．What brings about whales’ strange behavior.
D．What makes whales’ loud sound possible in the ocean.
42．In which paragraph can we know how whales sing
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 2.
43．What does Jeremy Goldbogen think of the study
A．Mysterious. B．Ineffective. C．Inadequate. D．Creative.
44．What may be the suitable title for the text
A．Evolution Of Whale Communication Skills
B．Research On How Whales Make Sounds
C．How Whales Communicate Underwater
D．How Scientists Research Whales’ Sound
【答案】41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究揭示了鲸鱼是如何利用其独特的喉部结构在海洋深处发出响亮的声音的，这一发现增进了人们对鲸鱼的发声机制的理解。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Recent research reveals this mystery, suggesting that whales possess a unique voice box that enables their powerful voice, a feature not found in other animals.(最近的研究揭示了这个谜团，表明鲸鱼拥有一个独特的声带盒，可以发出强有力的声音，这是其他动物所没有的)”可知，最新研究表明鲸鱼能发出响亮声音的原因在于它们拥有独特的声音器官，这是其他动物不具备的特征。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike humans and many other mammals (哺乳动物) , whales lack vocal cords and instead have a unique U-shaped tissue in their voice boxes. This specialized structure allows them to intake large volumes of air and generate sounds by pushing this tissue against a cushion of fat and muscle, a mechanism essential for their deep-sea sound.(与人类和许多其他哺乳动物不同，鲸鱼没有声带，而是在它们的音箱中有一个独特的U形组织。这种特殊的结构使它们能够吸入大量空气，并通过将这些组织推到脂肪和肌肉的垫子上产生声音，这是它们发出深海声音所必需的机制)”可知，这段内容说明了鲸鱼如何利用其特化的喉部结构来产生声音。由此可知，读者可以在第三段了解到鲸鱼是如何唱歌的。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The significance of this research is highlighted by Jeremy Goldbogen, an associate professor at Stanford University, who describes it as the most comprehensive study to date on how whales vocalize. He emphasizes the need for further exploration to these marine giants. (斯坦福大学副教授Jeremy Goldbogen强调了这项研究的重要性，他将其描述为迄今为止关于鲸鱼如何发声的最全面的研究。他强调需要对这些海洋巨人进行进一步的探索)”可知，Jeremy Goldbogen强调对于这些海洋巨兽还需要进一步的研究探索。由此可推知，他认为当前的研究虽然全面但仍不足以完全理解鲸鱼的发声机制，因此他认为研究是不充分的。故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Recent research reveals this mystery, suggesting that whales possess a unique voice box that enables their powerful voice, a feature not found in other animals.(最近的研究揭示了这个谜团，表明鲸鱼拥有一个独特的音箱，可以发出强有力的声音，这是其他动物所没有的)”以及全文可知，文章主要围绕科学家对鲸鱼如何在海洋中发出巨大声响的研究展开，揭示了鲸鱼特有喉部结构的作用。因此“鲸鱼如何发声的研究”适合作本文的标题。故选B。
（2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）You may have read that to stay fit and healthy, you need about 30 minutes of exercise each day, at least five days a week. New research suggests that the time we need to spend on daily workouts could be less than that.
Edvard Sagelv, a researcher at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, was part of a team that found being sedentary (久坐的) more than 12 hours a day was associated with a 38 percent higher death risk. This was only the case for individuals who managed less than 22 minutes of medium to high intensive physical activity a day, however, and it is relatively easy to achieve that minimum by taking a brisk (轻快的) walk.
“In research on physical activity, fast walking is estimated to be four kilometres an hour,” he said. Although it
may not seem like a lot, it depends on a person’s fitness level. “It is interesting that 4 km/h —a pace achievable for the vast majority of the population—is what it takes to really invest in your physical health,” he added.
For a walk to positively affect your heart, which will then impact your brain and your circulation, you need to “feel it”. To feel the work your body is doing, you need to walk at 4 to 6 kilometres an hour. If you wear a fitness tracker, aim for more than 100 steps a minute.
A recent study published by researchers at the Cambridge University found that just 11 minutes a day of moderate-intensity physical activities—a brisk walk—was enough to lower the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke and a number of cancers.
Lead author Soren Brage was not surprised by the findings. “Doing some physical activities is better than doing none. This is also a good starting position—if you find that 75 minutes a week is manageable, then you could try stepping it up gradually to the full recommended amount,” he said. The point is that a relatively short period of high-intensity exercise isn’t just better than nothing; it has a measurable and positive impact on health.
45．What is the recommended pace for fast walking
A．7 kilometres per hour. B．8 kilometres per hour
C．9 kilometres per hour. D．4 kilometres per hour.
46．How can people “feel it” when working out
A．By putting into more effort. B．By wearing less clothing
C．By walking at a quick pace. D．By joining a group.
47．What point does the last paragraph try to make
A．People should exercise 75 minutes a week.
B．It pays to increase the intensity of workouts.
C．People should stop being sedentary immediately.
D．It's important to measure the impact of exercise.
48．What does the text intend to do
A．Reflect the influence of a new study. B．Share the findings of a new research.
C．Assess a research process. D．Clarify a research method.
【答案】45．D 46．C 47．B 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用挪威北极大学和剑桥大学的研究成果，分享了关于日常所需锻炼量的新发现，即较短时间的高强度运动也能显著提升健康状况。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““In research on physical activity, fast walking is estimated to be four kilometres an hour,” he said.(他说：“在对体育活动的研究中，快走估计为每小时4公里”)”可知，快速行走的推荐速度是每小时4公里。故选D项。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“To feel the work your body is doing, you need to walk at 4 to 6 kilometres an hour. If you wear a fitness tracker, aim for more than 100 steps a minute.(为了感受你的身体正在做的工作，你需要以每小时4到6公里的速度行走。如果你戴着健身追踪器，目标是每分钟走100步以上)”可知，为了在锻炼时感觉到身体的运动，需要通过加快步伐来感受。故选C项。
47．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The point is that a relatively short period of high-intensity exercise isn’t just better than nothing; it has a measurable and positive impact on health.(重点是，相对较短时间的高强度运动不仅仅比什么都没有好；它对健康有着可衡量的积极影响)”可知，该段落主要想表达增加锻炼强度是值得的。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“New research suggests that the time we need to spend on daily
workouts 2024高考英语考前十天冲刺之阅读理解说明文议论文
说明文
社会现象类议论文阅读解题技巧
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住主要内容。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、抓住中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、有针对性地仔细阅读，找寻所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。
在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
说明文模拟专区：
做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·山东济南·三模）Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role.
People can’t bridge language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity.
According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn’t include actual words or onomatopoeias (拟声词) .
Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds
Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us.
Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground.
1．Which of the following can explain “iconicity”
A．A skill in foreign language learning.
B．The process of acting out our meanings.
C．The connection between form and meaning.
D．A barrier between different language speakers.
2．What can we know about the contest
A．It required sounds containing meanings.
B．Its winners were creative in recordings.
C．It aimed to prove iconicity in words.
D．Its entries were familiar to listeners.
3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A．English pronunciations differ.
B．The research has a limitation.
C．The cultural gap is narrowing.
D．Listening skills vary in cultures.
4．What is the significance of the research
A．Clarifying the influence of sounds.
B．Proving the necessity of exchanges.
C．Uncovering the origin of languages.
D．Identifying the function of gestures.
（2024·浙江金华·二模）Sometimes we only appreciate something when we realize we may lose it. That is the story of the Everglades. A shallow slow-moving river, the Everglades once covered about 18,000 square miles of southern Florida. Until the 1900s, few people lived in the grassy wetlands. Not much was understood about the unique balance of nature that existed there. Plants, creatures, and water had formed a remarkable ecosystem.
By the early 1900s, Florida’s pleasant winters attracted more people. Visitors became new permanent residents. They built homes and roads. The conditions looked good for farming, so the newcomers planted large agricultural crops. But South Florida’s cycle of flooding was a problem. To address that, developers attempted to drain (排水) the land. They also built structures to control water levels and flow.
Those changes made it easier for more people to live year-round in South Florida. However, they also disturbed life in the Everglades, which depends on freshwater regularly refilling the land. The area’s growing human population needed freshwater. And large farms consumed large quantities of freshwater. By the mid-1900s, water levels in southern Florida began to go down. Lack of freshwater wasn’t the only problem. As more and more land was developed for people and farms, the Everglades’ historic boundaries contracted. Loss of habitat and hunting threatened the survival of native species in the Everglades.
Some people hoped that the government’s recognition might save the Everglades. They fought for it. Everglades National Park was established in 1947. It became the first park in the United States created for its biodiversity.
Now, Everglades National Park protects 1.5 million acres along the southern tip of Florida. An amazing variety of creatures live there. About 360 different species of birds have been sighted in the park. Nearly 300 different species of fish have been identified. About 40 species of mammals and 50 species of reptiles inhabit the park. Nature still rules in the Everglades, a place worth understanding, appreciating, and protecting.
5．What was the Everglades like before the 1900s
A．Naturally wild. B．Partly explored.
C．Completely lifeless. D．Thickly populated.
6．What problem did new residents cause for the Everglades
A．A cycle of flooding.
B．Pollution of freshwater.
C．Possible extinction of native species.
D．The extension of historic boundaries.
7．Why are the figures mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To attract visitors to the park.
B．To stress the great power of nature.
C．To call for more efforts to protect nature.
D．To show the successful conservation of the park.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．How people adapted to life in the Everglades.
B．How Everglades National Park was established.
C．How humans harmed and saved the Everglades.
D．How the ecosystem of the Everglades was formed.
（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）Nearly one-third of American adolescents and adults are affected by anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. In fact, over the last decade, anxiety has surpassed depression as the most common reason college students seek counseling (咨询) services, the New York Times reported. Sixty-two percent of undergraduates in survey reported “unbearable anxiety,” a significant increase from 50 percent in 2011.
Anxiety, along with depression, cuts across all demographics (人口统计数据), including both privileged and disadvantaged teenagers. But privileged teens are among the most emotionally upset youth in America, Arizona State University psychology professor Suniya Luthar told the New York Times.
“These kids are incredibly anxious and perfectionistic,” Suniya Luthar said, “there’s always one more activity, one more A．P. class, one more thing to do in order to get into a top college. Kids have a sense that they’re not measuring up. The pressure is never-ending and getting worse.” But helicopter parents aren’t always to blame. Many students internalize the anxiety and put the pressure on themselves, Madeline Levine, co-founder of Challenge Success, a nonprofit aimed at improving student well-being, told the Times.
Another expert, psychiatrist Stephanie Eken, said despite the cultural differences, there’s a lot of overlap among teens regarding what makes them anxious. Eken mentions factors range from school, family conflicts, what food to eat, diseases, how they’re perceived by friends and notably in the last few years, Eken told the Times, to a rising fear about terrorism. “They wonder about whether it’s safe to go to a movie theater,” she said.
A lack of close, meaningful relationships is also a major factor. Experts have long said mental and physical changes associated with puberty (青春期) may leave teens at higher risk for anxiety. And social media doesn’t help, Eken said, adding that teens are always comparing themselves with their friends, which leaves them miserable.
When Times reporter Benoit Denizet-Lewis visited Mountain Valley, a nonprofit that offers teens need-based assistance for $910 a day, a college student at the facility said, “I don’t think we realize how much it’s affecting our moods and personalities. Social media is a tool, but it’s become this thing that we can’t live without but that’s making us crazy.”
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A big rise in anxiety among teens.
B．A report on mental health of adolescents.
C．Common mental health disorders in adults.
D．The reason for adults seeking counseling services.
10．What do we know about privileged teenagers according to Suniya Luthar
A．Their parents pressure them too much.
B．They are less anxious than disadvantaged teenagers.
C．Their pressure often comes from themselves, not from others.
D．They suffer extreme anxiety under pressure of perfection.
11．Why did Eken mention the factors in paragraph 4
A．To give general causes of stress and anxiety.
B．To show typical examples of cultural differences.
C．To illustrate the importance of close relationships.
D．To state the impact of everyday things on mental health.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Is anxiety increasing in the United States
B．Why are more US teens suffering from anxiety
C．How is social media affecting teens with anxiety
D．How do we help teenagers deal with mental illness
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）Ancient humans were hunter-gatherers. They followed herds of animals on the hunt and gathered eatable plants as well. Starting around 10,000 years ago, humans in a handful of regions around the world discovered agriculture. People discovered that certain seeds could be planted and crops could be reliably grown. It is impossible to overstate how important the change was. Some time after that, people in the same regions began to domesticate animals, keeping cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats in controlled conditions, eating them and using their hides.
Even fairly primitive agriculture can produce fifty times more caloric energy than hunting and gathering does. The very basis of human life is how much energy we can gain from food; with agriculture and animal domestication, it was possible for families to grow much larger and overall population levels to rise dramatically.
One of the noteworthy aspects of this change is that hunter-gatherers actually had much more leisure time than farmers did. Archaeologists (考古学家) have determined that hunter-gatherers generally only“worked”for a few hours a day, and spent the rest of their time in leisure activities. Meanwhile, farmers always worked incredibly hard for very long hours. In many places in the ancient world, there were groups of people who remained hunter-gatherers despite knowing about agriculture, and it was quite possible they did that because they saw no particular advantage in adopting agriculture. There were also many areas that practiced both—right up until the modern time, many farmers tried to forage in wild areas near their farms.
Agriculture was developed in a few different places completely independently. According to archaeological evidence, agriculture did not start in one place and then spread; it started in a few distinct areas and then spread from those areas, sometimes meeting in the middle. For example, agriculture developed independently in China by 5000 BCE, and of course agriculture in the Americas (starting in western South America) had nothing to do with its earlier invention in the Fertile Crescent.
13．What’s the great change of early humans
A．Increasing population. B．Keeping pet animals.
C．Learning to plant. D．Using the hides.
14．What’s the disadvantage of agriculture compared with hunting and gathering
A．It employed more time and efforts.
B．It was less productive than hunting.
C．It rewarded people with fewer gains.
D．It needed more skills and techniques.
15．What does the underlined word “forage” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Grow plants. B．Exchange goods.
C．Gather together. D．Hunt for food.
16．What does the last paragraph show
A．Agriculture spread from one place to another.
B．China made great contributions to agriculture.
C．Agriculture developed separately in the world.
D．Earlier inventions had something in common with agriculture.
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）When you go running in the woods in your running tights, elastane is the reason they fit you so comfortably. Elastane is an elastic material that allows the fabric to stretch and adapt to your body.
But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool or other fibres, it will be extremely difficult to separate out the different fibres, and therefore the materials in the clothes cannot be recycled. For this reason, clothes and other textiles are among the materials that we are the worst at recycling.
But this may change, says Assistant Professor Steffan Kvist Kristensen from Aarhus University. Together with a number of colleagues, he is behind a new technology that can separate out fibres in mixed fabrics.
“We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe, with some adjustments, we can solve the problem,” he says, “The fibres only break apart if we break the chains of molecules” .
The many links in the elastane chain are bound together by a small molecule called adiamine. By heating the clothes to 225 degrees Celsius and adding a specific alcohol, we have found a method to break down the bonds in elastane. When this happens, the chains fall apart and the materials separate. The whole process takes place in what is in effect a large pressure cooker that we feed the textiles into. We then add a little alcohol and some base and heat it up. Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated.
So far, Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for implementation at industrial scale. This will require being able to decompose much larger amounts of clothing. “We can only scale things up a little because of the limitations in our equipment. So it’s up to the industry to embrace the technology and scale it up in earnest,” he says, “If they don’t, the technology will never take off.”
17．Why were clothes difficult to be recycled
A．Because elastane adapts perfectly to our body.
B．Because materials in the clothes cannot be reused.
C．Because the division of diverse fibres could be tough.
D．Because we lack the devices to remove elastic materials.
18．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 5
A．Diamines will break down when heated to 225 degrees.
B．The chains will fall apart after a specific alcohol is added.
C．The whole process is in fact the same as a cooking process.
D．High pressure is a necessity to separate different fibres.
19．What was Kristensen’s attitude to the future of the technology
A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.
20．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．The recycling of used clothes met difficulties.
B．Scientists uncovered a technology to recycle used clothes.
C．The secret to separating different fibres was unlocked.
D．Scientist worked out ways to upgrade elastane fibres.
（2024·重庆荣昌·模拟预测）A recent survey of British parents found that in all, 7% of respondents give their baby a made-up name and 65% are at least willing to consider such a move in new age.
A few examples of these new age baby names include Jaspin, Elisobelle, Wrenlow, and Maevery. Don’t see any names you like How about Evabeth Even if they themselves aren’t willing to choose such a name, a surprising 94% of respondents admit that made-up baby names are very much “in” these days.
Apparently, these parents believe they are helping their kids by selecting a rarer name. The survey noted that 72% of all respondents believe a unique name will help their child stand out from the crowd. Another 2% choose a made-up name for their baby with social media in mind, thinking a more unique name means their child’s social media account will be much easier for potential followers to find. But 16% also believe that a strange name may reflect poorly on the parents.
A popular strategy for parents to decide on a name is taking two names that both parents like, and combining them into one name（10%）. Another 9% combine the names of older relatives as a way to honor family. Similarly, many parents（30%） are drawing inspiration from popular movies and books.
However, the majority of surveyed parents（92%） at least admitted that giving their child an odd name is bound to result in a few drawbacks. For example, two-thirds worry that an odd name will be hard to spell and pronounce, and a third worry that their child’s teachers will judge them based on their unusual name. Of course, for those parents who are confident they’ve picked a winning made-up name, 13% actually worry about other parents stealing their child’s name.
21．How does the author illustrate the new trend
A．By making comparisons. B．By asking questions.
C．By listing statistics. D．By stating opinions.
22．Why do most parents give their newborns odd names
A．To make their children feel less special. B．To reflect their higher social status.
C．To draw others’ attention more easily. D．To attract more followers online.
23．What is most people’s attitude towards the new trend of naming babies
A．It will be advised by teachers. B．It can actually be double-edged.
C．It should be protected carefully. D．It surely makes parents confident.
24．What’s the best title for the text
A．Ordinary Names Are Parents’ New Pursuit B．An Odd Name Can Influence One’s Life
C．Trendy Names Appear on Social Media D．Newborns’ Unique Names Are Coming
（2024·江苏镇江·三模）The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for
companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.
A study from the University of California suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could significantly reduce carbon emissions and cut the cost of transportation by 2050, which sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as responsibility and maintenance issues. But driverless car ownership could increase as more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
25．As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern
A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management.
26．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ______.
A．help deal with transportation-related problems B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs
27．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Shared. B．Replaced. C．Employed. D．Reduced.
28．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
（2024·山东威海·二模）How much water does the average adult need to drink every day “Eight 8-ounce glasses” is common advice, but any truly serious answer to the how-much question will begin with some version of it depends.”
Researchers have long known that a region called SFO in the brain monitors the concentration (浓度) of water and salts in blood and triggers the urge to drink. But they failed to fully explain how we experience thirst. For example, when we gulp a drink, we feel almost instantly satisfied, and yet it takes 10 to 15 minutes for a liquid to enter our bloodstream. Recently neuroscientists have gained other remarkable insights into how thirst is monitored in the body and controlled in the brain.
In a series of elegant experiments with mice, Zimmerman, a neuroscientist, and his associates measured the
activity of neurons (神经元) in the SFO. “We saw that their activity changed very fast when the mouse drank water or drank saltwater and when it ate food,” he says. The researchers showed that signals gathered at the SFO from several places. “You get a signal from the blood that tells your current state of hydration (水平衡), a signal from the mouth that tells you how much fluid you drank, and a signal from the gut that tells you what was consumed — was it water, was it something else ” The SFO neurons, he explains, “add these signals together” and then transmit the urge to drink or stop drinking.
The big takeaway of Zimmerman’s work is that for the most part you can trust your thirst system to tell you when you need to drink. But there are exceptions. Because the system’s sensitivity may decline with age. People with certain health conditions, including kidney stones and diarrhea, also need extra water.
Other parts of the brain — the ones used in planning — should help with hydration on hot days and when exercising. Thirsty or not, Zimmerman says, he drinks water before going for a run: “My thirst neurons don’t know I’m about to run 10 miles.”
29．What has long been known about thirst
A．Thirst experience varies among individuals.
B．Thirst is controlled by the water-salt balance in blood.
C．Thirst satisfaction occurs with water entering bloodstream.
D．Thirst response is influenced by the type of liquid consumed.
30．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Why we feel thirst.
B．Where SFO gets signals.
C．How we experience thirst.
D．When SFO neurons get active.
31．What’s the major conclusion from Zimmerman’s study
A．Thirst system is generally reliable.
B．Illness might affect thirst sensation.
C．Brain areas for planning aid in hydration.
D．Brain adjusts to age-related thirst sensitivity.
32．What may be a suitable title for the text
A．Drink Your Way to Health
B．Application of the Thirst Mechanisms
C．Misunderstanding of Daily Water Intake
D．Body Detects Daily Water Needs Cleverly
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）To better understand the ocean’s overall health, researchers hope to utilize some simplest creatures as tools to assess aquatic ecosystems. All they need is stunning $20 worth of materials, a 3D-printer, and some natural jellyfish.
Although it’s extremely dangerous, technologically challenging, and expensive for humans to reach the ocean’s deepest regions, jellyfish do it all the time. Jellyfish first began dancing through Earth’s ancient oceans at least half a billion years ago, making them some of the planet’s oldest creatures. In all that time, however, their biological appearance has remained pretty consistent—a bell-shaped, brainless head attached to a mass of tentacles （触须）, all of which is composed of around 95 percent water. Unfortunately, that same steady state can’t be said of
their habitat, thanks to humanity’s ongoing environmental impacts. “Since they don’t have a brain or the ability to sense pain, we’ve been able to cooperate with bioethicists to develop this biohybrid robotic application in a way that’s ethically principled,” a lead researcher of this study, John Dabiri said in a recent profile.
Previously, Dabiri’s lab implanted jellyfish with a kind of electronic pacemaker that controls the speed at which they swim. This time, the team went a step further, adding what they call a forebody to the jellyfish. It is like a hat that sits on top of the jellyfish’s bell. This 3D-printed, hat-like addition not only houses electronics and sensors, but makes its wearer even faster. In a specially built, three-story vertical aquarium, a jellyfish equipped with a combination of the swimming pacemaker and forebody can swim up to 4.5 times faster than its all-natural counterpart.
“It’s well known that the ocean is critical for determining our present and future climate on land, and yet, we still know surprisingly little about the ocean, especially away from the surface,” Dabiri said. “Our goal is to finally move that needle by taking an unconventional approach inspired by one of the few animals that already successfully explores the entire ocean.”By controlling their jellies’ vertical ascent and descent, Dabiri’s team believes the biohybrids could help gather deep ocean data previously obtainable only by using extremely price y research vessels and equipment.
33．What made jellyfish chosen for the study
A．Its consistent habitat. B．Its existence for long.
C．Its watery composition. D．Its insensibility to pain.
34．What does the underlined word “addition” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A forebody. B．A pacemaker.
C．A hat-wearing jellyfish. D．A speed sensor.
35．What’s the role of a natural jellyfish in the study
A．A data collector. B．A device carrier.
C．A climate change predictor. D．The model of a robotic application.
36．What’s probably the most eye-catching advantage of this study
A．Its potential to explore the ocean. B．Its role in determining the climate.
C．The animal-friendly approach to research. D．The significant decline in research funding.
（2024·福建福州·模拟预测）Smart entertainment is changing how we engage with leisure. By combining cutting-edge technologies like Artificial Intelligence (Al), augmented reality, and the internet of things with traditional forms of entertainment, this inn ovation is enhancing users’ experiences.
In 2023, Huawei introduced its Vision Smart TV3, transforming your home into your own amusement park. This innovative technology features groundbreaking AI super-sensing cameras and AI vision chips powered by deep learning and big data. These advanced components see and study your movements, enabling you to control characters through your body gestures. Social media is busy with users sharing their experiences of playing motion-sensing games, which require real-life movements like jumping and squatting instead of simply holding a controller.
The Vision Smart TV is not only cutting-edge but also family-friendly. Turning on the kids mode allows the screen to monitor real-time data, offering suggestions for adjusting a child’s viewing distance and posture. This provides a safe and comfortable entertainment experience for the younger audience. TorieZ, a Huawei Vision Smart TV3 owner and a mother of a 3-year-old daughter, shared her experience on Xiaohongshu. “Thanks to the smart
screen, my child maintains good posture without constant supervision because her favorite cartoons stop if she slouches(懒洋洋地坐),” she said. When she’s free, TorieZ and her husband enjoy exercising together under the instructions of the TV.
We cannot only play video games merely on the screens; now, with smart entertainment, you can get an immersive experience of Mario Kart, a racing video game, put right into your living room. While playing the game, players can control their karts running in their living rooms. Each kart has an onboard camera on it. The camera can record the layout of where they are and upload it to the Nintendo system. After processing it, some settings, like jungles and snowy landscapes, are created based on the layout and shown on the Switch screen. So, things in your living room, like the sofa and table, your feet or even your cat, can be a part of your game.
Step outside and you can also enjoy smart entertainment experiences. Shanghai Disney Resort uses big data analysis to offer personalized services. In the US and South America, VR World, the largest VR club, gives users super real gaming and travel adventures.
Looking forward, cutting-edge technologies will continue to change how we spend our leisure time.
37．How does Huawei’s Vision Smart TV3 improve user interaction in gaming experiences
A．Through touch-activated screens.
B．Through voice-activated commands.
C．Through thought-based gaming controls.
D．Through immediate responses to motion gestures.
38．How does the author illustrate the benefit of Vision Smart TV3 in Paragraph 3
A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting a reason.
C．By giving an example. D．By clarifying a definition.
39．What can we learn about the video game Mario Kart according to the passage
A．The settings are fixed and can’t be changed.
B．Physical objects in the room can become part of the game.
C．Players wear VR headsets for a more engaging experience.
D．Players interact with AI characters in the game.
40．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Having fun in new ways B．How to spend our leisure time
C．Cutting-edge technologies D．Innovative video games
（2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）Whales are known for their majestic (雄伟的) songs that travel through the ocean depths, but the reasons behind this behavior have long puzzled scientists. Recent research reveals this mystery, suggesting that whales possess a unique voice box that enables their powerful voice, a feature not found in other animals.
In a study published in the journal Nature, Coen Elemans and his team from the University of Southern Denmark examined the voice boxes. By conducting experiments, the researchers identified the tissues responsible for producing sound.
Whales, whose ancestors were land-dwellers around 50 million years ago, have developed their voice boxes over millions of years to adapt to underwater communication. Unlike humans and many other mammals (哺乳动物) , whales lack vocal cords and instead have a unique U-shaped tissue in their voice boxes. This specialized structure allows them to intake large volumes of air and generate sounds by pushing this tissue against a cushion of fat and
muscle, a mechanism essential for their deep-sea sound.
The significance of this research is highlighted by Jeremy Goldbogen, an associate professor at Stanford University, who describes it as the most comprehensive study to date on how whales vocalize. He emphasizes the need for further exploration to these marine giants. For instance, humpback whales are known for their sound that can travel vast distances across oceans, serving as a form of communication within whales.
Joy Reidenberg, a whale expert, says, “More experiments are needed to confirm the study’s conclusions and understand how these creatures use their voice boxes to communicate in the ocean.”
41．What does the research find
A．Whales may make sound underwater.
B．Whales communicate in a special way.
C．What brings about whales’ strange behavior.
D．What makes whales’ loud sound possible in the ocean.
42．In which paragraph can we know how whales sing
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 2.
43．What does Jeremy Goldbogen think of the study
A．Mysterious. B．Ineffective. C．Inadequate. D．Creative.
44．What may be the suitable title for the text
A．Evolution Of Whale Communication Skills
B．Research On How Whales Make Sounds
C．How Whales Communicate Underwater
D．How Scientists Research Whales’ Sound
（2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）You may have read that to stay fit and healthy, you need about 30 minutes of exercise each day, at least five days a week. New research suggests that the time we need to spend on daily workouts could be less than that.
Edvard Sagelv, a researcher at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, was part of a team that found being sedentary (久坐的) more than 12 hours a day was associated with a 38 percent higher death risk. This was only the case for individuals who managed less than 22 minutes of medium to high intensive physical activity a day, however, and it is relatively easy to achieve that minimum by taking a brisk (轻快的) walk.
“In research on physical activity, fast walking is estimated to be four kilometres an hour,” he said. Although it may not seem like a lot, it depends on a person’s fitness level. “It is interesting that 4 km/h —a pace achievable for the vast majority of the population—is what it takes to really invest in your physical health,” he added.
For a walk to positively affect your heart, which will then impact your brain and your circulation, you need to “feel it”. To feel the work your body is doing, you need to walk at 4 to 6 kilometres an hour. If you wear a fitness tracker, aim for more than 100 steps a minute.
A recent study published by researchers at the Cambridge University found that just 11 minutes a day of moderate-intensity physical activities—a brisk walk—was enough to lower the risk of diseases such as heart disease, stroke and a number of cancers.
Lead author Soren Brage was not surprised by the findings. “Doing some physical activities is better than doing none. This is also a good starting position—if you find that 75 minutes a week is manageable, then you could try stepping it up gradually to the full recommended amount,” he said. The point is that a relatively short period of
high-intensity exercise isn’t just better than nothing; it has a measurable and positive impact on health.
45．What is the recommended pace for fast walking
A．7 kilometres per hour. B．8 kilometres per hour
C．9 kilometres per hour. D．4 kilometres per hour.
46．How can people “feel it” when working out
A．By putting into more effort. B．By wearing less clothing
C．By walking at a quick pace. D．By joining a group.
47．What point does the last paragraph try to make
A．People should exercise 75 minutes a week.
B．It pays to increase the intensity of workouts.
C．People should stop being sedentary immediately.
D．It's important to measure the impact of exercise.
48．What does the text intend to do
A．Reflect the influence of a new study. B．Share the findings of a new research.
C．Assess a research process. D．Clarify a research method.
议论文模拟专区：
做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·河北秦皇岛·三模）The recent spread of “fake news” may make it seem like misinformation is a relatively modern invention. But falsehoods (假话) and wild claims have been part of human culture for about as long as it’s existed. This is because misinformation originates with, and is spread by, fellow humans.
When you’ve ever had to communicate an important, but complex, issue to a general audience, you may have a sea of the most reliable data, the most elegant PowerPoint slides and the full backing of every famous expert in the relevant field. And yet, you can still be less persuasive than someone whose entire argument is: “A guy I met down the pub told me something different.”
In a perfectly sensible, logical world, someone who is loosely connected with a certain field or industry wouldn’t have the same influence as actual data, or the leading experts in the field. But humans aren’t perfectly sensible, logical creatures and neither is the world we live in.
The ability to think rationally and analytically is a relatively recent addition to our mental abilities (in the evolutionary sense). And it costs our brains a lot of energy and effort, The more established, fundamental systems in our brain, which shape memory and learning, are heavily reliant on emotion. The more emotionally stimulating something is, the easier it is to remember. That’s why we can spend months revising the material for a crucial school exam, but struggle to remember any of it once we’ve passed. Meanwhile, the embarrassing tine we slipped and landed on our backside in the school canteen. that memory will last until our dying day.
The most determined sceptics (无神论者) will often say, “Facts don’t care about your feelings,” which is correct. But feelings don’t necessarily care about facts either. And ultimately, feelings have more of a say in what we think and do. And that’s why your mate down the pub can seem more believable than a pile of published research.
49．What contributes to the spread of “fake news”
A．People factor. B．Human culture.
C．Modern invention. D．Information accuracy.
50．Why did the general audiences think actual data less persuasive
A．They prefer making sensible analyses. B．They ae more likely to be emotional.
C．They have more trust in authority. D．They overestimate themselves.
51．How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4
A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples.
C．By explaining a concept. D．By citing experts’ words.
52．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage
A．To reveal secrets. B．To share emotions.
C．To criticize a decision. D．To describe a phenomenon.
（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）My mother died of breast cancer when she was merely 50 in 1970. Afterwards, the comment repeated most often was: “You’ll need to be careful for the rest of your life because it may have been passed to you.” In 1994, the first ever breast cancer gene testing arrived. I jumped right to it and tested negative. I’m thankful for the science that has given me this preventive screening (筛查). Good for me, but is it good for everyone
Here’s the catch. Research on genetic disease has been based mostly on European people, like me. The same went to the mapping of the human genes. The problem is that we know little about how new treatments might work for people of other races. If we diversify patients in clinical trials, we can realize the promise of personalized medicine for everyone, not just white patients. Faced with the unfair phenomena in medical research, what should we do to resolve the problem
Not only do we need more diverse populations participating in research, but we also need diversity among biomedical researchers and medical professionals to make efforts. That makes research stronger and builds trust with diverse communities. A medical team is working on this now. They are building a diverse next generation of gene editing researchers by teaching high school and community college students from different backgrounds about promising technologies like gene editing to encourage them to become future researchers. This sort of educational outreach can also help to build trust in the medical and research communities. The team leader, John Cooper, PhD, has been outspoken about the current inequalities of delivering new technologies to all people at a fair cost.
Numerous scientists and medical leaders are working to change the situation. While science wasn’t yet far enough along to save my mother, I have harvested the benefits of advanced research and so should we all.
53．What is the function of paragraph 1
A．To explain the cause of her mother’s cancer.
B．To show her concerns over medical inequalities.
C．To indicate the side effects of genetic testing.
D．To emphasize the progress in the medical field.
54．What does the underlined words “the catch” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A previous study. B．An urgent appeal.
C．An underlying issue. D．A workable solution.
55．What might enable new treatments to benefit all
A．Conducting research on genetic diseases.
B．Delivering speeches to interested students.
C．Building confidence in potential medical researchers.
D．Popularizing technologies in various communities.
56．What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research
A．Supportive. B．Dismissive. C．Opposed. D．Impartial.
（2024·广东广州·三模）“Sating from now on, to be healthy, I will NOT eat any snacks besides granola bars (燕麦棒),” is what I told myself yesterday, and yet here I am today chewing a Chocopie. I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself. Instead of eating this, I should be working out or something. But the thing is, chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!
As I type this, I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification — the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit. Essentially, when you want it, you get it.
Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do-delayed gratification: deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future. We’ve all encountered instant gratification before. Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out When I get home, should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework
All humans have the tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, which is a basic but fundamental concept known as the pleasure principle. Originally coined by Sigmund Freud, it clearly states that all humans are driven, to some extent, by pleasure.
Constantly seeking quick pleasure may bring subsequent troubles. However pleasant not doing your homework may seem pleasant right now, it only results in pleasure plagued by guilt and last-minute panicking late at night. An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals.
Instant gratification, however, is not necessarily a bad thing. You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment, and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it. In other words, times where you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification. While my Chocopie may taste good now, it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.
57．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By making a contrast. B．By giving a definition.
C．By citing a personal case. D．By listing detailed problems.
58．Which of the following is an example of instant gratification
A．Purchasing items regardless of budgets.
B．Exercising regularly for long-term health.
C．Limiting time on social media platforms.
D．Finishing homework before watching TV.
59．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Reminded. B．Highlighted. C．Introduced. D．Bothered.
60．What may the author agree with
A．Delayed gratification is pointless.
B．Instant gratification should be prioritized.
C．Enjoying the moment brings in endless pleasure.
D．Instant treats paired with delayed gratification are sweeter.
（2024·江苏南通·三模）Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition has on academics and many other areas of contemporary life.
Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an unavoidable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents.
Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested, however, that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be a fallacy. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world”, that is, the world before the introduction of the will of humanity, as being unpleasant and short. This opinion is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine (学说) of natural selection. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest”-a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest”. Darwin said in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and couldn’t be separated from dependence and cooperation.
Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition rather than other values, such as cooperation, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, unavoidable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its popularity in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.
61．What does the author think is commonly seen in many areas of contemporary life
A．The origin of human drives.
B．The influence of competition.
C．The reasons for human behaviour.
D．The disagreement on competition.
62．What does the underlined words “a fallacy” in the second paragraph mean
A．A false idea.
B．A hard nut.
C．A losing battle.
D．A mixed blessing.
63．What can we learn from Darwin’s words in The Origin of Species
A．All species depend on others for survival.
B．The strongest species proves to be the fittest.
C．Struggles for survival include support of each other.
D．Competition is looked on as the best survival strategy.
64．What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach
A．It is characteristic of humans to be competitive.
B．Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation.
C．Competition is relatively more popular in Western societies.
D．People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound.
