2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习之选择性必修第四册 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型
Unit1 Honesty and responsibility
重点词汇 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．outline vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 5．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 6．wire vt.给(某人)打电话；接通电源n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 7．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 8．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 9．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 10．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 11．geophysicist n．地球物理学家 12．core adj.核心的，最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分 13．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 14．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 15．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 16．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 17．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 18．wrap vt.包，裹，用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料 19．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包 20．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头) 21．nephew n．侄子，外甥 22．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 23．sew vi.& vt.缝，做针线活；缝上 24．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为 25．likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 26．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 27．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 28．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点
29．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 30．garbage n．垃圾；废话 31．sow vt.& vi.播种，种 32．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 33．quote n．引语，原话vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救
重点词组 1．拆毁，拆除tear down 2．发财make one’s fortune 3．失去联系lose contact 4．臂挽着臂arm in arm 5．被逮捕under arrest 6．turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7．on the beat在巡逻中 8．pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9．stick to坚持
10．take charge of掌管，负责 11．任……处置；对……无能为力at the mercy of 12．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担weigh on sb./sth. 13．坦白地说frankly speaking 14．促进，有助于contribute to 15．令某人感到失望的是to one’s disappointment 16．make a difference有影响，有关系 17．in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18．be responsible for对……负责 19．set aside留出；不顾 20．for the benefit of为了……的利益
重点句型 1．完全倒装 On the left side of the road stands our library，where there are various books. 在路的左侧是我们的图书馆，里面有各种各样的书籍。 2．with的复合结构 With the final exam approaching，we are all busy going over the lessons. 随着期末考试的临近，我们都在忙着复习功课。 3．however引导的让步状语从句 No matter how/However hard it is，I will pursue my dream. 不管有多么困难，我都要追求我的梦想。 4．hardly...when... Hardly had they got to the kitchen when they set out to cook breakfast for their mother. 他们一到厨房就开始为母亲做早餐了。 5．it will be...before... It will be less than a year before we graduate from high school. 还有不到一年我们就高中毕业了。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.decent adj. 正派的，体面的， He is a fine, upstanding, and decent Irish citizen. That was very decent of him.
适当的，合宜的，正经的 to do the decent thing 识时务 They were very decent about it.( 他们对这件事十分宽容。) He didn’t get a decent explanation. Are there any decent restaurants around here He dreamed of living in decent conditions. The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. John and his wife Leah are very decent people.
2.transcript n. 抄本，副本，誊本，成绩单，笔录，文字记录 She went through the transcript carefully in order to eliminate all errors from it. We have a transcript of your school records. Did you bring your transcript from high school A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.
3.eliminate vt. 排除，略去，不予考虑，淘汰，刷掉，杀死，除掉，铲除，排泄，排出 to eliminate … from … 把…从……中去除 They have taken positive steps to eliminate discriminatory practices. He declared war on the government and urged right-wingers to eliminate their opponents. We must eliminate unnecessary steps and get directly to the point. Their team was eliminated in the first round.
4.barely adv. 几乎不，刚刚，勉强，少量地，刚好 He is so weak that he can barely stand up. I had barely/hardly started speaking when he interrupted me. We had barely enough money to last through the weekend. The room was barely furnished.
5.appointment n. 约定，约会，任命，委任，委任的职位 I made a doctor’s appointment for you. I’ve got a dental appointment. He wants to change his appointment from Monday to Wednesday. His promotion to manager was a popular appointment. I believe he will get a good appointment.
6.tear down 拆除，拆毁 I want to tear down the walls that hold me inside. The city will tear down the building and create a park.
7.keen adj. 急切的，渴望的，渴求的，热衷于，热诚的，热心的，热情的，敏锐的，敏捷的 anxious，eager，keen均有“急切的，渴望的”之意。 Tom is a keen golfer. The blind have a keen sense of touch. Their keen eyes can penetrate the water to a depth of forty feet. Be brave, a fence between makes love more keen. The razor has a very keen edge. They have a wide knowledge of everyday things, and a keen interest in their particular city and state. They are rather keen to purchase Chinese goods. If you are keen on doing something, you very much want to do it. If you
anxious 强调因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情。
eager 侧重于急于成功的迫切心情。
keen 强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事。 are keen that something should happen, you very much want it to happen.
8.concession n. 让步，妥协，迎合，优惠，折让，特许，特许权，租地营业商铺 a concession to sth 对某事的妥协 tax concession 税收优惠，税收减免 The company has been granted a concession by the Government to mine in the area. Ending the dispute was worth almost any concession. The museum also has a mail-order catalogue and a concession at Selfridges.( 这个博物馆还有邮购目录，并在塞尔福里奇百货公司有一个铺位。)
9.on the beat 在巡逻中，合拍 More police officers out on the beat may help to cut crime. Last night in our neighborhood, some policemen were on the beat. They were all playing on the beat.
10.make one’s fortune 发财，成功立业 He went to the west to make his fortune.
11.lose contact/touch 失去联系 By the time he got well he had lost contact/touch with the Party. I don’t want to lose contact/touch with you.
12.reliable adj. 可靠的,可信赖的,确实的,真实可信的,可依靠的 I don’t think he is a reliable man. She may be slow but at least she’s reliable. A man who is dead to the justice is not reliable. There is no doubt that he is a reliable person. Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance journeys.
13.worthwhile adj. 有价值的,令人愉快的,值得花费时间(金钱、精力、努力)的,重要的 It is worthwhile to include really It’s a tough exam, so the end product is a worthwhile qualification. At last I'm a worthwhile role model for my girls. The time and work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile. The smile on her face made it all worthwhile. High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. I will live a fantastic, worthwhile and productive life! It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. Teaching is a worthwhile calling.
high-quality illustrations. It is worthwhile doing it.
14.arm in arm 手挽着手，臂挽着臂 I often see my grandparents strolling happily arm in arm. I’ve just seen them going down the road arm in arm.
15. suspect vt. & vi. 觉得(用于陈述观点，语气不强烈或直接),怀疑,疑有,怀疑……有罪,对……有疑问,不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 adj. 可疑的，受到怀疑的，令人怀疑的 to suspect (that) … 觉得……，怀疑…… I suspect it’s unavoidable. The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg. I had become a suspect in a murder inquiry. The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists. I suspect he was lying by the boy’s abnormal behavior. She has more intelligence than we suspected her to possess. The police couldn’t prove the suspect’s guilt. His fitness is suspect, so we can’t risk including him in the team.
16.arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕，拘押 to arrest sb for … 因…..逮捕某人 under arrest 被逮捕 She had been placed in close arrest. (她被严密拘禁。) You are all under arrest. The security forces have extensive powers of search and arrest. They were not ready to reveal any details of the arrest. The riot led to the arrest of three young men. The students’ arrest disturbed their friends.
17.take charge of… 管理……，接管…..，负责….. The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. Our department has taken charge of the task. (我们部门已经接管了这个任务。)
18.somehow adv. 用某种方法，以某种方式，莫名其妙地，不知怎么地 We must make up for the lost time somehow. I wish I can repay you somehow for your kindness. He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind. We’ll manage somehow. I’ll get you there somehow. To hear her talking this way was somehow shocking.
19.legal adj. 法定的，合法的，法律的 Though legal, the tactics were questionable. What I did was perfectly legal. When his father died, his uncle became his legal custodian. She started out on her legal career in 1963. We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud. When you are 18, you are a legal voter.
20.resign vt. & vi. 放弃，辞去，辞职，放弃权利、要求等 resign oneself to… 顺从……，听任…… Riskily, he’s decided to resign. After much legal disputation our right to resign was established. Have you heard of her intention to resign He decided to resign his claim to the copyright. He has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose the job. (他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。) The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.
21.guilty adj. 有过错的，有过失的，有罪的，感到内疚的，感到惭愧的 be guilty of.. 犯有……罪，对……感到内疚 The general assumption was that I was guilty. The court found him guilty. The man was proved guilty of murder. His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty. The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of theft. If a single drop of blood falls, you will be guilty of murder! In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.
22.ashamed adj. 惭愧的，羞愧的，难为情的，臊皮羞脸的，害臊的，尴尬的 be ashamed of… 为……而感到羞愧 be ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for … 因为……自感羞愧 He bowed his head, ashamed. I was thoroughly ashamed of myself. Anyone who believes this should be ashamed of themselves. He is ashamed for his former dishonorable action. He was ashamed that he had lied. He jumped up, looking a little ashamed of himself.
23.forgive vt. & vi. 原谅，宽恕，饶恕，免除债务 to forgive and forget 不念旧恶；既往不咎 sb could be She found the charity in her heart to forgive them for the wrong they had done. The American Congress has agreed to forgive Egypt’s military debt. Forgive me. He is not a man who forgives easily. I forgave him his crimes.
forgiven for sth 某人做某事情有可原
24.cheat n. 作弊者，舞弊者 vt. 诈骗，欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 欺诈，作假，在考试等中作弊 to cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 to feel cheated 觉得受骗或上当了 He was a liar and a cheat. (他过去坑蒙拐骗。) Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools. We were on our honor not to cheat the customers. They cheat the old woman of her house and money. I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. He is a shameless cheat.
25.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的，失意的 Naturally, we were very disappointed. I’m sorry to have made you disappointed. They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. She was disappointed not to be chosen. He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.
26.sew vt. 缝，缝制，缝补，缝上 vi. 缝，缝纫，做针线活 They teach the children to cook, sew, and knit. I don’t have the face to take yet another pair to the dry cleaners and ask them to sew them up. I’ll just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new. She preferred to sew rather than to knit. The quickest way to sew is with a sewing machine.
27.pretend vi. & vt. 假装，装作，佯装，装扮，假装，假扮，自以为，自诩 She pretends that she likes them so that she can get their help. The young actor pretended to be Hamlet. (那个年轻演员扮演哈姆雷特。) She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep. I had no option but to pretend ignorance. I’ll pretend I didn’t hear that. You can’t pretend your problems don’t exist!
28.privilege n. 荣幸，特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，给予恩惠，特别优待，有特权 the privilege of freedom from arrest 免于逮捕的豁免权 I don’t have client privilege like doctors or lawyers. Pironi was the son of privilege and wealth. She was cocooned in a private world of privilege. (她生活在一个与世隔绝的特权世界里。) The college was an elite institution based on privilege and the old school tie. (大学是以特权和校友关系网为基础的精英机构。) I had the privilege of meeting the queen. It was a privilege to work with him. This pass will privilege you to attend the closed hearing.
29.mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽恕，侥幸 at the mercy of … 完全由……支配，任由……摆布 to throw yourself on sb’s mercy 听任某人发落 mercy killing 安乐死，安乐死术 without mercy 残忍地，毫不容情地， 毫不留情的，无怜悯之心 have mercy on someone 可怜某人 in one’s mercy 出于慈悲，出于恻隐之心 May God have mercy on your soul. (愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。) Mercy to the enemies means cruelty to the people. They showed their enemies no mercy. They never appealed to us for mercy. The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war. It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt. We were at the mercy of the weather. They set off up the road on their mission of mercy, Badger leading the way. mercy, compassion, pity, sympathy都有“同情”或“可怜”的意思。其区别在于: pity通常只表示内心感到难过或同情,少给予帮助。 sympathy指“同情心”或“恻隐之心”，强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣。 compassion指“同情心”，强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人。 mercy指“仁慈”或“怜悯”，含有主动救助别人脱离苦难之义。 It is a pity that such an ability as him should be employed about such trifle matters. 真可惜，像他这样有才能的人竟然被用来做这类琐事。 Her own experiences had taught her to have compassion for misunderstood children. 她自身的遭遇使她认识到应对那些受到误解的孩子予以同情。 The criminal pleaded with the jury for mercy. 犯人恳求陪审团宽恕他。 He was moved with sympathy. 他动了恻隐之心。
30.fault n.错误，失误，责任，过错，过失，缺点，弱点，故障 find fault with… 挑剔…… to a fault 过分地 If it wasn’t Sam’s fault, why was I blaming him It’s my fault. I like him despite his faults. There is a fault in the electrical system. It was not our fault that we were late. She is cautious to a fault. (她过分谨慎了。) He found fault with my composition.
31.discouraged adj. 灰心丧气的，沮丧的，气馁的 discourage sb from doing sth 妨碍、阻止、阻拦某人作某事 Don’t be discouraged. He sounded a little discouraged. There were concerns that the pricing structure discouraged competition. (人们担心价格体系会妨碍竞争。) They were discouraged from visiting the park because they discomforted other visitors.
32.bonus n. 奖金，意外收获，红利 Did you get your Christmas bonus Bonus notices were issued each year from head office to local agents. He received a box of cookies as a bonus when he bought coffee at the shop. The warm weather in such a freezing winter has been a real bonus. (这么寒
冷的冬天有这样暖和的天气真是令人喜出望外。) The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus. The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.
33.weigh on sb/sb’s mind 使某人焦虑不安，加重某人的思想负担，给某人施加压力 She knew she had been unfair to him and it weighed heavily on her mind for a long time. He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing on him.
34.live a lie 过骗人的生活，为人虚伪 He had to live a lie, which brought him pain. I couldn’t bear living a lie any more.
35.assume vt. 想当然，假定，假设，认为，承担，担任 You should not assume that all men and women think alike. Mr Cross will assume the role of Chief Executive with a team of four directors. I am not afraid to assume the responsibility. Let’s assume it to be true. I assume that you need to make an apology to her.
36.in store for sb 为某人准备 Mother has something delicious in store for me. She wondered what fate had in store for her next. He is excited about the new experiences that are in store for him.
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to (获得) employment in big enterprises.
2．The innocent boy，on the contrary，is more ，preferring to tell the truth in direct ways.
3．The mother gently the baby in a blanket and disappeared into the night.
4．Giving examples is a superb way to the statement of your articles because readers can better understand your opinions through these vivid examples.
5．Some people are never content with their life and they are always thinking of (获得) more wealth.
6．It can provide the photographers with instant (反馈)，including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.
7．We have successfully (达成协议) a deal with the state-owned enterprise.
8．The socialist (对……作出反应) strongly against doing anything that was against
his moral principles.
【答案】1.obtaining2.straightforward3.folded 4.clarify 5.gaining6.feedback7.negotiated8.reacted
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
This article holds the view that fine and suitable enterprise culture is the base of cultivating core
(competent)．
2． (knowledge) guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about memorials and parks.
3．The problem is due to discipline，or，more (precise)，the lack of discipline，in schools.
4．Although he is a socialist，Mr Wells is barely in sympathy the working class.
5．The work would have to be delayed if he were absent，for nobody in our enterprise can be more (suit) for it.
6．I would appreciate it if my application could get your (approve)．
7．The captain gestured his team members that it was time to arrest the suspect.
【答案】1.competence2.precisely3.precisely4.with 5.suitable6.approval7.to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．很抱歉我不能亲自去机场接你，因为我肚子痛。(on account of)
.
2．学校应创造一个适合学生学习的环境。(be suitable for)
.
3．除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会获得成功。(gain)
.
4．众所周知，不同的动物会以自己的方式应对危险。(react)
.
5．我们中的一些人喜欢乘公共汽车，而另一些人则喜欢步行。(while)
.
【答案】1.I’m sorry that I cannot go to the airport to pick you up in person on account of stomachache
2.The school should create an environment that is suitable for the students to study
3.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work
4.As we all know，different animals react to dangers in their own way
5.Some of us prefer to take a bus while others are fond of walking
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should recite more passages to have your enriched，which is of vital importance to English learning.
2．He was disappointed when the result didn’t (相一致) with what he desired.
3．They very badly towards the geophysicist，which aroused public anger.
4．It is worthwhile (合作) with other countries to build a peaceful world.
5．I’m strongly to tearing down these ancient buildings，which are part of the culture.
6．The two criminals (溜) out of the diamond shop，disappearing in the darkness.
7．My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech to be held by my school next Friday.
8．Judging from the linguist’s (口音)，he must be from southeast of Shandong Province.
【答案】1.vocabulary 2.correspond3.behaved 4.cooperating5.opposed 6.slipped7.contest 8.accent
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．I had intended to the English speech contest，but I gave up in the end.
2．Theory should practice，which is the basic principle I stick to.
3．There is no doubt that taking part in the golf contest has and increased my confidence.
4．I’m sure he is competent to finish the task because he challenging work.
5．In my opinion，we can information each other to broaden our minds.
【答案】1.sign up for2.be based on3. broadened my mind4.has a preference for5.share ,with
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．这就是为什么我反对参加这个活动。(be opposed to)
.
2．我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上举止得体。(behave oneself)
.
3．这是我第一次因为太尴尬而无法发表演讲。(be embarrassed to do...)
4．女性往往花更多的时间照顾孩子和做家务。(tend to do...)
.
5．我参加过几次类似的活动，使我获得了相关经验。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
.
【答案】1.That’s why I am opposed to participating in the activity
2.My biggest challenge is learning how to behave myself at the dinner table.
3.This is the first time that I have been too embarrassed to deliver a speech.
4.Women tend to spend more time taking care of their children and doing housework
5.I have participated in several similar activities，enabling me to obtain relevant experience
三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
Since graduation，the socialist’s nephew,1. orphan，had been keen on making his fortune because of his family financial burden.At first，as a decent and reliable boy，he worked at a mineral water factory.However，the bonus there was 2. (discourage) and his income barely supported his family.Therefore，he resigned from the factory，after which the socialist 3. (lose) contact with him.
Several years later，the police wired the socialist，saying that his nephew was suspected of being involved in a diamond and jade theft and he 4. (hunt)．As soon as he heard the disappointing news，the socialist was ashamed of 5. his nephew had done，promising that he would send him to prison without mercy once he knew the whereabouts of the suspect.It was just two months later that the suspect made an appointment with his uncle secretly.On 6. (see) his nephew，the socialist tried to persuade him into acknowledging his criminal conduct.Watching the 7. (wrinkle) on his uncle’s face，the young man felt guilty about his illegal acts and admitted his fault.His uncle forgave his criminal behavior and embraced him 8. (tight)．In the end，they went to the police station arm in arm.With the criminal under arrest，we couldn’t help 9. (show) our respect for the socialist not only for his integrity but also for 10. (he) sticking to his principles whatever happens.
【答案】1.an 2.discouraging3.lost4.was being hunted5.what 6.seeing7.wrinkles8.tightly9.showing10.his/him
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
As we all know，communication is the exchange of information 1. a sender and a receiver，whose entire circle involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.
Most of what we communicate 2. (rely) not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.
3． (be) a competent communicator，firstly it’s necessary that you should obtain as much their personal information as you can,4. is helpful for you to decide the best communication channel according to different situations.Furthermore,5. (judge) from the communication objects，you need to determine the language styles and communication manners.Apart from the details mentioned above，you should also keep in mind that body language plays 6. important part in communication since it accounts for over 50% in communication.You should pay attention to your own body language，and at the same time，you ought to keep a close eye on the other person’s body language，which will help the communication to go 7. (smooth)．Last but not least，the value of empathy should not 8. (understate)．To ensure a smooth communication，you should put 9. (you) in their shoes and look at the situation from their perspective.
In conclusion，good communication 10. (skill) will help you build trust and gain other people’s respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive.
【答案】1.between 2.relies3.To be4.which 5.judging6.an 7.smoothly8.be understated9.yourself10.skills
Unit2 Understanding each other
重点词汇 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．outline vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 5．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 6．wire vt.给(某人)打电话；接通电源n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 7．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 8．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 9．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 10．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 11．geophysicist n．地球物理学家
12．core adj.核心的，最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分 13．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 14．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 15．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 16．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 17．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 18．wrap vt.包，裹，用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料 19．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包 20．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头) 21．nephew n．侄子，外甥 22．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 23．sew vi.& vt.缝，做针线活；缝上 24．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为 25．likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 26．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 27．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 28．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 29．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 30．garbage n．垃圾；废话 31．sow vt.& vi.播种，种 32．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 33．quote n．引语，原话vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪
8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救
重点词组 1．拆毁，拆除tear down 2．发财make one’s fortune 3．失去联系lose contact 4．臂挽着臂arm in arm 5．被逮捕under arrest 6．turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7．on the beat在巡逻中 8．pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9．stick to坚持 10．take charge of掌管，负责 11．任……处置；对……无能为力at the mercy of 12．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担weigh on sb./sth. 13．坦白地说frankly speaking 14．促进，有助于contribute to 15．令某人感到失望的是to one’s disappointment 16．make a difference有影响，有关系 17．in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18．be responsible for对……负责 19．set aside留出；不顾 20．for the benefit of为了……的利益
重点句型 1．while作并列连词 I like pop music while my sister has a preference for classic music. 我喜欢流行音乐，而我妹妹偏爱古典音乐。 2．现在分词短语作结果状语 He was arrested for his criminal act，leaving his parents in despair.
他因犯罪而被捕，这让他父母陷入绝望。 3．强调句型 It was at the age of six that I began to play the piano. 我是在六岁时开始弹钢琴的。 4．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. The stronger the motivation is，the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 动机越强，一个人学习一门外语就会越快。 5．on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) Life is precious，so on no account should we waste time. 生命是宝贵的，所以我们绝不应该浪费时间。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.react vi. 反应，回应，服药后过敏，作出反应，起不良反应，产生化学反应 to react against … 反抗…… to react to sth 对某物过敏，对某物起不良反应， 对某物回应 to react with sth 与某物产生化学反应 They’ll react aggressively. Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him. How did they react to your suggestion
2.gentle adj. 平和的，轻柔的，舒缓的，温和的，温顺的，文雅的 We’ve never met such gentle people. My mother is a kind and gentle woman. The gentle music can relax him. A gentle breeze stirred the leaves. The dog is so gentle that I am not afraid of it. She is gentle like a lamb. He is a man gentle in manner but firm in action. He was a person of gentle blood.
3.feedback n. 反馈，反馈意见，反馈信号 We don’t get enough customer feedback. Did you get any feedback from your clients The writer gets no immediate feedback and simply has to imagine the reader’s reaction. I’d appreciate some feedback on my work.
4.competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的，合适的，称职的 Always technically competent, the paintings are, however, curiously superficial. They are very professional and competent. Is Mary competent as a teacher We know you are competent in doing this job.
5.obtain vt. 取得，获得，得到，赢得 vi. 流行 Gaviria had been widely expected to obtain well over half the votes cast.
Obtain and keep all receipts for taxi fares. He failed to obtain a scholarship. They obtained a loan from the government. Please advise us immediately after you have obtained the necessary import license. Your dress still obtains now.
6.suit vt. 满足需要，相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服，一套，诉讼，恳求 a suit of clothes 一套衣服 a diving suit 潜水服 follow suit 跟着做，照着做 suit yourself 随你的便，想怎样就怎样 to suit sth to sb/sth 使某事物适合某人∕某事物 He wore an ill-fitting single-breasted black suit. Howard was faultlessly dressed in a dark blue suit. It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions. The coat doesn’t suit you. If we meet at 2, will that suit you She filed a suit against the college for sex discrimination. (她对那所大学提出性别歧视的诉讼。) I don’t know what profession will suit me. Choose a soft, medium or firm mattress to suit their individual needs.
7.straightforward adj. 坦诚的，直率的，老实的，简单的，容易的，笔直的 It was not as straightforward as we were led to believe. (这事并非我们误以为的那样简单。) A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech. (巧言不如直说.) He’s a straightforward man and told everything he’d seen. (他是个直性子把看到的事儿都捅出来了.)
8.fold vt. 折叠，对折，交叉，包，裹，笼罩，包围 vi. 折叠起来，出现褶皱，倒闭 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分，折缝，折痕，褶皱 to fold flat 折平 fold-down rear seats 可折叠后座椅 Earthquakes can cause rocks to fold. Dark clouds folded the hills. I folded the handkerchief and put it in my pocket. The border guard folded his arms across his chest and glared at the front. if a business folds, it closes because it is not able to make enough money. Make another fold and turn the ends together.
9.clarify vt. 阐明，澄清，使更清晰易懂，净化 A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation. The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues. Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position. ( 感谢你来信，并允许我阐明目前的立场。)
10.empathy n. 同感，共鸣，同情，移情 empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣 to empathize with sb 和某人有同感 As a rich and privileged person she has little empathy with the people she claims to represent. Parents must make use of their natural ability to empathize. (父母必须发挥其天性，设身处地体会子女的感受。) If I love you, I can empathize with you and
see the world through your eyes The greatest help can be an understanding and patient parent who listens well and empathizes , he said in the same interview .
11.put yourself in sb’s shoes 设身处地为某人着想，处于某人的境地 Put yourself in his shoes. Wouldn’t you be upset Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.
12.account for… 说明……，说明……的原因，占…… Only one explanation could account for all these oddities . His boss called him to account for failing to meet the deadline . The purpose of the theory is to account for these experimental findings . The difference accounts for the existence of continents and ocean basins . Industry, it turned out, accounted for only ten percent of the smog in the city . By 1914 manufactured products accounted for nearly 49 per cent of American exports.
13.sympathy n. 同情，赞同，意气相投 in sympathy with… 同情……，赞成…… sympathize vi. 同情，同感，赞成 sympathize with… 同情……，对……有同感，赞成…… I have some sympathy with this point of view. (我对这一观点有些赞同。) Several hundred workers struck in sympathy with their colleagues. (几百名工人举行罢工以示对其工友们的支持。) I know you feel angry, and I sympathize. I sympathize with her when she protested. It’s hard to sympathize with her political opinions.
14.approve vi. & vt. 赞成，赞同，批准，通过 approve of.. 同意……，赞成…… They did not approve of the murder of their president. You don’t approve, do you Her parents did not approve of her decision. The city council approved the building plan. You can join the class if your parents approve. I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies. No teacher can approve of cheating in exams.
15.gain vt. & vi. 获得，得到，挣得，得益，增加，增长 n. 收益，好处，利益; to gain a place at university 获准进入大学学习 for gain 为一己之利 weight gain 体重的增加 Their efforts helped the hostages gain their freedom. Perfectly matched, neither could gain victory. No pains, no gains. Did you gain weight after you stopped exercising They gain in security what they lose in liberty. Her talent and hard work gained her success as an artist.
16.precisely adv. 准确地，确切地，精确地，正是，确实是，细心地，恰好地 The key thing was to make sure that all the ingredients were weighed
at 2 o’clock precisely 在2点整时 it’s precisely because … 正因为…… absolutely precisely. Boil the eggs for precisely four minutes. Children come to zoos precisely to see captive animals. We time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely. I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely.
17.preference n. 偏爱，偏好，喜爱，偏爱的事物，优待，进口关税的优惠 sb’s preference 某人的偏爱 We’re designing a product to match consumer preference. She has a preference for blue. It’s entirely a matter of preference. A polar bear has a preference for cold weather. I prefer to stay home rather than go out on rainy days.
18.jam n. 拥挤，堵塞，果酱，困境 vt. & vi. 堵塞，卡住 to be in a jam 处于困境，身陷窘境 jam today 只顾眼前，今朝有酒今朝醉 jam tomorrow 空头承诺，空头支票 Did she do things like bottling fruit or making jam He spread some apple jam on the bread. Traffic jams in the town happen everyday. We were delayed in a traffic jam. The holiday traffic is jamming the roads. The key turned halfway and then jammed.
19.embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，显得局促不安的，显得尴尬的，拮据的，窘迫的 to be financially embarrassed 经济拮据 to be embarrassed about sth 对某事物感到难堪 to be embarrassed to do sth 尴尬地做某事 Don’t be embarrassed! She was embarrassed when they asked her age. He was embarrassed by many debts. He is embarrassed because he made a mistake. When I am taken out to a restaurant I always get embarrassed about ordering. He was embarrassed to admit the truth.
20.correspond vi. & vt. 符合，相一致，类似于，通信 to correspond to … 与……相当，与……相似 to correspond with sb 与某人通信 Check the telephone numbers in case they don’t correspond. The two young people began to correspond. Her expression is concerned but her body language does not correspond. Your account and hers do not correspond. The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. The translation does not quite correspond to the original. His words and actions do not correspond.
21.tolerate vt. 容忍，宽恕，容许，允许，忍受，忍耐，能经受 We will not tolerate such behavior. Match officials should not tolerate such behavior but instead enforce the laws of the game. We definitely can not tolerate such carelessness. He can not tolerate the extremes of heat in the
desert. The school cannot tolerate cheating in exams.
22.integrate vt. & vi. 使成一体，使结合，使合并，使加入，融入，加入，结合，合并 to integrate … into … 使……成为……的一部分 to integrate with/into … 融入…… We must carry out the Party’s education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice. Data warehouse is a representative application of data integration. We need an integration evaluation method.
oppose vt. 反对，抵抗，抵制，与……敌对，与……对垒 contradict，deny，oppose，refute都含“否定，否认”，“反驳，反对”之意。 contradict 指否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见，与……相矛盾，与……相抵触。
deny 普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。
oppose 普通的广泛用词。指不作争论或不提出论据而无理由地反对；也指任何温和、有理由的反对或否定。
refute 语气较强，强调凭推理或证据驳斥一项主张或言论。 intervention n. 干预，干预行为，妨碍，斡旋，调解 It was courageous of him to oppose his chief. They opposed the government's new policies. Despite the intervention of the international community, the two countries were ultimately unable to settle their differences. (尽管国际社会的调停两国终未和解。) Don’t interfere with my business. Constant interruptions interfere with my work. (一次又一次的干扰妨碍我的工作。) Don’t allow pleasure to interfere with duty. (不要让娱乐妨碍了职责。)
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Relying on a monthly of 3,000 yuan to make a living doesn’t seem so easy in such a city.
2．After several years of study and practice，he has fluency in English.
3．One should always be full of (激情) in his life no matter how old he is.
4．The boy who is of English does well in both speaking and writing.
5．A good speaker is able to react quickly by (预料，预计) the audience’s needs.
6．Anyone dissatisfied with the status quo can seek to find what is to the present life.
7．Few people have the courage to admit being racially .
8．Even though they are common people，they have made contributions in their (各自的) fields.
【答案】1.salary 2.attained 3.passion4.fond 5.anticipating6.superior 7.prejudiced8.respective
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They laboured for years (clear) their son’s name as he was accused of murder.
2．We students should set (attain) targets in the course of learning.
3．He has had a (passion) interest in music from an early age.
4． (anticipate) what interviewers will ask is quite important in job-seeking.
5．The police have launched a major (operate) against drug suppliers.
6．Have you ever (consultant) your lawyer about the case in advance
【答案】1.to clea2.attainable3.passionate4.Anticipating5.operation6.consulted
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．他们已经喜欢上了这所房子，不想搬家。(fond)
.
2．他努力使学生对自己的课堂感兴趣，因此十分受欢迎。(endeavour；make＋宾语＋宾补)
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3．作为一名公务员，他的一生都在致力于为人民服务。(commit)
.
4．新路正在实施临时交通管控。(operation)
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5．我们都知道她和她的同学相处得很好。(that引导主语从句)
【答案】1.They had grown fond of the house，not wanting to leave2.He endeavoured to make students interested in his classes，and consequently was very popular3.As a public servant，he committed himself to/was committed to serving the people all his life4.Temporary traffic controls are in operation on the new road.5.It is known to us all that she gets on well with her classmates./That she gets on well with her classmates is known to us all.
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Please send us all the information about the (候选人) for the position.
2．During the week to the interview，they met secretly and negotiated something.
3．Do you know what are used for assessing a student’s ability
4．We apologized for the delivery of goods caused by too much orders.
5．Her success had (证明……正确) the faith her teachers had put in her.
6．When finishing the exercise，remember much of the meaning must be (推断) from the context.
7．The painting which is sold at a high price is not a Picasso but a copy.
8．We regret to inform you that this service is (暂时) unavailable.
【答案】1. candidate(s)2.prior 3.criteria 4.delayed 5.justified6.inferred7.genuine 8.temporarily
Ⅱ.选词填空
be familiar with，the odds are that，put one’s best foot forward，follow up，put sb.in charge of，be proud of
1． you can’t repay your bank loans if you go over your monthly budget.
2．Your achievements are something ，which will add a colorful page to your profile.
3．He wants to do what he since childhood，but his parents expect him to try something new.
4．The previous manager was the new supermarket.
5．The criminal will get arrested finally because the police will all possible clues.
6． is essential if you want to get hired，so get well prepared to make a good first impression.
【答案】1.The odds are that2.to be proud of3.has been familiar with 4.put in charge of5.follow up6.Putting your best foot forward
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．人们曾经认为太阳绕着地球转。(it作形式主语的主语从句)
.
2．你能证明自己有资格接受这项重要的任务吗？(qualification)
3．这个研究所在战争期间曾被用作医院。(for the duration of)
.
4．在做评论前，你最好想清楚要说什么。(prior to)
.
5．在车站等公交时，他听了一些音乐。(while引导的省略句)
.
【答案】1.It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth2.Can you prove you have qualifications for this important task3.The institute was once used as a hospital for the duration of the war4.Prior to making comments，you’d better think twice about what to say5.While waiting for the bus at the stop，he listened to some music
三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
Last Sunday a 1. (knowledge) linguist gave us a lecture on how to be a competent communicator.Firstly，he explained that the whole procedure of communication 2. (involve) the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.3. (become) a competent communicator，not only do you obtain as much others’ information as possible and choose 4. (good) communication channel that suits the situation，but also determine the appropriate style to use.For example，when 5. (negotiate) with a large enterprise，you should talk in a straightforward way.Besides，using proper body language and behaving well is 6. vital importance to avoid friction.More importantly，the value of empathy should
7. (accent)．It is important that you should put yourself in their shoes if they are in depression.While you may not approve of their 8. (idea)，at least you will be able to see 9. accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust your tone.10. necessary，you may express your sympathy to them.From his lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and broadened our minds.
【答案】1.knowledgeable2.involves3.To become4.the best5.negotiating6.of 7.be accented8.ideas9.what 10.If
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
The question 1. we work to live or live to work may have different answers.It is certainly true that we need the money from work 2. (live)．However，there are other reasons why we enter the world of work.
Work enables us to have our goals attained and our dreams 3. (achieve)．Just as Henry David Thoreau once put 4. ，advancing confidently in the direction of the dreams and living the imagined life could lead to a success out of 5. (expect)．Besides，work can also help us develop our skills.The changing workplace requires us to acquire new skills and abilities to be 6. (adaptable) to new circumstances.What’s more，work is 7. (benefit) to us personally and the health of society as well.In a successful，stable and productive society,8. all jobs are equally important，we all make our respective contributions.Some people even 9. (commit) to working for the benefit of others.
All in all，through work，we individuals can have access to 10. better life and our society can function properly.
【答案】1.whether 2.to live3.achieved4.it5.expectation6.more adaptable7.beneficial8.where 9.are committed10.a
Unit3 Careers and skills
重点词汇 1．salary n．薪金，薪水 2．labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活 3．receptionist n．接待员 4．respective adj.分别的，各自的 5．leadership n．领导应有的品质；领导地位 6．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据 7．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的 8．budget n．预算 9．loan n．贷款，借款；借出vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱) 10．client n．客户，委托人 11．detective n．侦探，警探 12．subjective adj.主观的 13．directory n．名录，电话号码簿，公司名录 14．groundwork n．基础工作，准备工作 15．premier adj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，总理 16．institute n．机构，机构建筑vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等) 17．label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 18．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者 19．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓vi.概述，写简介 20．delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁vi.& vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 21．infer vt.推断，推论，推理 22．seize vt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 23．temporary adj.临时的，短暂的
词汇拓展 1．attain vt.达到；获得→attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的 2．passion n．强烈情感；酷爱→passionate adj.热诚的；狂热的
3．anticipate vt.预计；预料→anticipation n．预料，预期，预见，预计 4．superior adj.更好的，占优势的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人→inferior adj.较差的；比不上……的 n．不如别人的人；级别(或地位)低的人 5．prejudice n．偏见，成见→prejudiced adj.有偏见的；偏爱的 6．consultant n．顾问；会诊医师→consult v．咨询，商讨→consultation n．咨询，商讨；就诊 7．operate vt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operation n．运行，运转；经营；手术；行动→operator n．操作人员；电话员，接线员；经营者 8．qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualified adj.合格的；具备资格的→qualify vt.使合格；使具备资格 9．swing vi.& vt.(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆n.改变；摆动；秋千→swung(pt./pp.) 10．applicant n．申请人→apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；申请表；应用；涂抹 11．criterion n．标准，准则→criteria(pl.) 12．refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的，别具一格的；使人精力充沛的→refresh vt.& vi.更新；使恢复精力；使想起 13．justify vt.对……作出解释，为……辩护；证明……正确→justified adj.有正当理由的 14．relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的→relevance n．关联；相关性→relevantly adv.相关地→irrelevant adj.不相关的，无关紧要的 15．genuine adj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的→genuinely adv.真地，真诚地
重点词组 1．(全公司或全国的)劳动力 labour force 2．谋生 earn a living 3．喜爱 be fond of 4．权衡，斟酌 weigh up 5．让……处于危险之中 put sth.on the line 6．be engaged in从事，参加；忙于 7．be superior to比……更好的、更胜一筹的 8．have (a) prejudice against 对……有偏见 9．make our respective contributions 做出我们各自的贡献 10．have passion for 对……喜欢，酷爱……
11．立即行动起来；马上大干起来 swing into action 12．处于有利地位，有优势 gain the upper hand 13．在……之前 prior to 14．直到……结束，在整个……期间 for the duration 15．全力以赴 put one’s best foot forward 16．get qualifications (for)获得(做某事的)资格 17．look back on 回顾 18．follow up 接着，采取进一步行动 19．infer...from 从……推断 20．put...under pressure 使……处于压力之下
重点句型 1．that引导定语从句 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。 2．wherever引导让步状语从句；that引导表语从句 Wherever she goes，the trouble is that crowds of people are waiting to see her. 不管她去哪儿，麻烦就是成群的人正等着见她。 3．that引导同位语从句 Mark has made the point that more and more young people prefer to move to the cities in his speech. 马克在他的发言中说出了这样一个观点，那就是越来越多的年轻人更愿意搬到城市居住。 4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 A man stood still in the dark，smoking，which made her frightened. 一个男人一动不动地站在黑暗处，抽着烟，把她吓坏了。 5．while引导的时间状语从句的省略 While running after the bus in a hurry，he lost his ID card，the smartphone and all the money as well. 当他在匆忙追赶公交车的时候，他弄丢了自己的身份证、手机和所有的钱。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.earn a/one’s living=make one’s/a living谋生 He began to earn a living early . He was virtually driven to this, because he could not earn a living in any other way. They would run a real plant where men and women could earn a living doing useful work.
2.pop up 突然出现，冒出来 He keeps popping up in the most unlikely places. This question has popped up again.
3.attain vt. & vi. 获得，取得，达到 to attain old age 步入老年 Top-ranking sumo wrestlers attain superstar status. (顶级相扑运动员的地位堪比超级巨星。) She pulls every string to attain the end. (她想尽一切办法来达到目的。)
4.passion n. 激情，强烈的情感，极度喜爱，酷爱 a passion for sb 对某人的爱欲 to speak with passion 满怀激情地说话 passion, emotion, feeling, sensation, sense, affection, sentiment都有“感觉”、“感情”、“情绪”的意思，都可指机体受到外界刺激后从身体到精神的反应。其区别是： sensation常指身体的反应，尤其是感官如眼睛、神经等对外界刺激的反应，一般较轻微，常译为“感知”，还可指轰动一时的事件或人物 feeling是最常用的，可泛指一般的情绪，一般译为“感觉”“感情”。 emotion表现为喜怒哀乐，一般译为激动、激情。 passion强烈的情感，往往使人失去思维的能力，且使人不能自制。 Passion kept us together. Gardening has become his all-consuming passion. (园艺成了他全身心投入的嗜好。) Lyrics are written almost conversationally, yet sung with passion. Life needs curiosity, enthusiasm and passion, which depends on how we think of the world. I have a passion for American literature. Fire gives a sensation of warmth. 火给人以温暖的感觉。 I don’t like to hurt his feeling. 我不愿意伤害他的感情。 She lost her reason in consequence of a violent emotion caused by a fire. 她因失火而过分伤心以致失去理智。 Our moral sense controls passion. 我们的道德观念控制着激情。 The new invention has created a great sensation. 这项新发明引起了很大的轰动。 Every mother has affection for her children. He could feel the sentiment stirring within him.
sense多指身体上五官的感觉。 affection 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情。 sentiment一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。
5.fond adj. 喜欢的，喜爱的，溺爱的 be fond of… 喜欢……，喜爱…… A fond mother may spoil her child. He was fond of drawing when he was a child. She has many shortcomings, but we’re all very fond of her. I have very fond memories of living in our village.
6.superior adj. 更好的，占优势的，级别、身份更高的，上级的 n. 上级，长官，上司 superior to sb (地位或级别)在某人之上的 He always does what his superiors tell him. He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car. (他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时，傲慢的微微一笑。) I’ll report you to your superior officer!
7.prejudice n. 偏见，成见，反感，伤害 without prejudice 无损害地 without prejudice to sth 对某事物没有不利，无损于某事物 have prejudice against… 对……有偏见 Prejudice dies hard. (偏见难以消除。) He was a victim of racial prejudice. She has a prejudice against modern music. A judge must be free from prejudice. The offer was accepted without prejudice to the current pay negotiations. A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice.
8.receipt n. 收据，收入，收到的款项，收到，接收，接受 May I have a receipt Please send me a receipt for the money. We only take goods back if customers can produce the receipt. (顾客如能出示收据，我们才能予以退货。) On receipt of your instructions he will send the goods.
9.zone n. 地区，区域 comfort zone 舒适区，放松区 I’d like to see Europe as a nuclear-free zone. Holidaying in a war zone is not an attractive proposition. Volunteers have also gone to the earthquake zone.
10.hire vt. & vi. 租用，雇用，聘用，录用 n. 租用，雇用，租借，租 We don’t want to hire inexperienced workers. We hired an advertising company for help to sell our product. They hire out boats by the hour.
金 car hire company 汽车租赁公司 hire oneself out to… 受雇于……，投靠……，给……打工 The price includes the hire of the hall. She hired herself out to the owner of an apple orchard.
11.weigh up 衡量，权衡，斟酌 You should weigh up the situation. After we’d weighed up all the pros and cons, we decided it would be better to sell. I’m trying to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of working from home. Women were a little more complicated and likely to weigh up the pros and cons before settling on their choice.
12.commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的，营利性的，商业性的，商品化的，盈利的 n. 电台或电视中的商业广告 commercial French 商务法语 ICBC 中国工商银行 The enterprise is unashamedly commercial. (这家企业极度重视商业利益。) The downtown area is zoned for commercial use. The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials. It was the first commercially available machine to employ artificial intelligence.
13.put/lay sth on the line 把某事置于危险之中 Firefighters put their lives on the line every working day. A wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line.
14.loan vt. 借出，贷与 n. 贷款，借款，借出 commercial loan 商业贷款 bridging loan 临时贷款，过渡贷款 term loan 定期贷款 loan interest 贷款利息 student loan 助学贷款 loan contract 贷款合同 The loan is repayable over twenty years. I would like some information for requesting a loan. The bank was unwilling to loan him that quantity of money. The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans. I am in need of a loan of a bike for a few weeks. The book is currently on loan. Sam received an unsecured loan of $282,000. (山姆接受了一笔28.2万美元的无担保贷款。) He was offered a $10,000 interest-free loan. (他获得了一笔1万美元的无息贷款。)
15.autonomy n. 自治，自治权，自主权 Each of the managers enjoys considerable autonomy. The separatist is demanding full autonomy for their state.
16.premier adj. 首位的，最著名的，最成功的 n. 总理，首相 His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field. (该公司执电子行业之牛耳。) Premier Zhou Enlai is a distinguished politician.
17.proportion n. 比例，份额，面积，容积，规模，部分 vt. 使成比例，使均衡 in proportion of… 按……的比例，与……比较起来 a proportion of… ……的一部分 A large proportion of my time is spent in studying. This door is narrow in proportion to its height. We must proportion the punishment to the crime . The proportion of children with special needs in mainstream schools has risen steadily.
18.qualification n. 资格，达到标准，资历，限制，合格，证书合格，学历 qualification for the World Cup finals 世界杯决赛资格 vocational qualifications 职业资格 without qualification 无条件地，毫无保留地 This statement requires qualification and clarification. (这个声明需要限定和说明。) The plan was approved without qualification. (这项计划获得无条件批准。) This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft. In that case, he won’t qualify as a good husband.
19.swing n. 秋千，摆动，改变 vi. & vt. 使摇摆，使改变，摇摆，摆动 to swing one’s hips 摆屁股，扭屁股 to take a swing at sb/sth 挥动手臂击打某人/某物 to be in full swing 在热烈进行中，处于兴盛阶段 swing into action 迅速采取行动，马上大干起来 Oil prices continued an upward swing. There’s an election in two years' time and the voters could swing again. Campaigning is already in full swing. When he’s not on the tennis court, you'll find him practising his golf swing. The swing of the ship made many people seasick. Can you swing them round to my point of view (你能让他们转而支持我的观点吗？) In fact, many enterprises have swung into action, trying to share a piece of cake in the online shopping market.
20.gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位， The two sides were so well-matched that neither could gain the upper hand.
有优势 A wise general can gain the upper hand in any battle. At the beginning of the game our team gained the upper hand, but by and by we lost our strength.
21.prior adj. 优先的，在前的，更重要的，占先的 prior to… 在……之前 previous，foregoing，preceding，prior，former 这些形容词均可表示“在前的”之意。 previous指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。 foregoing指前所述的，是following的反义词。 preceding特指时间和地位上紧接在前。 prior与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。 former系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。 He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist. This task is prior to all others. Constitution is prior to all other laws. Prior to the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social mobility. Steve had no prior experience with disabled people. The caves can be visited only by prior arrangement. He knew about the interview prior to its publication and had actually previewed the piece.
21.profile n. 侧面，轮廓，形象，简介，外形，外观 vt. 概述，写简介 in profile 侧面的 to keep a low profile 保持低调，采取低姿态 I photographed him in profile. She is prettier in profile than at full face. We could see the profile of a distant hill if it is very clear. The deal will certainly raise the company’s international profile. My boss asked me to write a profile for the new tennis champion. The newspaper publishes a profile of a leading sportsman every week. The huge trees were profiled against the night sky. The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue.
22.criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准，准则 criterion, standard 这两个词都有“标准”的意思。其区别在于: standard指事先制定出来的一种或一套客观、公正的规则；而criterion既可指客观的水准,也可指主观上判断事物的标准。例如: Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. He thinks that the criterion of success is the ability to work joyfully. We have a clear-cut criterion to go by. (我们有个可供遵循的明确标准。)
The girls shrieked happily, “Sarah, you'll never get married if your standards are so high.”那些女孩快活地尖声说道：“莎拉，如果你的择偶标准那么高，你会永远不能结婚。” I think you should employ different criteria for the examination of candidates. 我认为你们在考试应试者时，应采用不同的标准。
23.delay n. 推迟，延缓，耽搁，耽搁的时间 vi. & vt. 推迟，使延期，使延迟，耽搁，拖延 without delay 毫不犹豫 There’s at least a three-second delay in the ‘live pictures’ reaching your TV screens. Don’t delay too long. An unbearably tense delay followed before the result was announced. (宣布结果之前有一段延迟，气氛极其紧张。) Most doctors emphasize the fact that HRT cannot delay ageing. We decided to delay our wedding until next year. Our plane was delayed by fog. The weather is responsible for the delay. (由于天气关系才耽搁了。) There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off. I have to delay answering his question. Excuse me for my delay in answering your question.
24.justify vt. 证明……正确，为……辩护，在法庭上证明……有合法理由，证明……正确 This does not justify the denial of constitutional protection. No argument can justify a war. The mental green shoots are making us tell ourselves stories to justify a little spending . (头脑中的萌芽让我们寻找各种理由来为自己的些许消费辩解。) He had to justify himself for his conduct. Nothing can justify your cheating in an exam. What can be said in justification of his behavior
25.relevant adj. 相关的，切题的，有重大关系的，有意义的，有价值的 vocationally relevant subjects 职业教育相关科目 His remarks are not relevant to our discussion. A paper relevant to this research was published by him. Have you heard of the relevant report My next conclusion is more relevant. (我的另一个结论更切题。) Members are drawn from people living in the relevant area. It is important that relevant legal issues are publicly raised.
26.firm adj. 强有力 He has established his own firm.
的，坚定的，结实的，坚固的，牢固的， 严格的 n. 公司，商行 to be a firm believer in sth 某事物的坚定信仰者 to hold firm 坚挺 We must maintain a firm attitude. Because of their pleasant personality, they had soon formed a firm friendship. Parents must be firm with their children. (父母对孩子一定要严格。) She is a clerk with the firm.
27.seize vt. 抓住，夺取，没收，捉住，夺取，占领，攻占，捉拿 to seize sth with both hands 双手紧紧抓住某事物 Seize the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it. Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar. In a climate of political unrest, a dictator can often seize power. They seize the drugs and arrest the people on the boats. (他们没收毒品,逮捕船上的人。) Dick was quick to seize the idea. (迪克迅速领会了这个想法。) The government now hopes to seize the initiative on education.
28.initiative n. 首创精神，主动权，倡议，进取心，首创性，主动性 adj. 开始的，主动的 一带一路 The Belt and Road Initiative to have the initiative 占据上风，处于有利地位 to take the initiative 带头，发起，主动 subjective initiative 主观能动性 She’s got initiative. The initiative is of immeasurable importance. (这种积极主动性至关重要。) She took an initiative part in the Wildlife Conservation Society. (她主动参加野生动物保护协会。) It is innovation plus initiative that has kept it thriving. Local initiatives to help young people have been inadequate. (当地对年轻人的扶助法案一直不够完善。) He proposed a new diplomatic initiative to try to stop the war. (他提出了一个新的试图阻止战争的外交倡议。) It was up to the US to take the initiative in repairing relations. In this way they brought into full play the initiative, wisdom and power of the masses. (这样他们就使群众的积极性、智慧和力量都充分发挥出来。)
29.put one’s best foot forward 全力以赴，把自己最好的一面展现出来 Better get a haircut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put your best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job. Putting your best foot forward is essential if you want to get hired. Each one had to put his best foot forward because they weren't given another chance to show off their talent.
30.temporary adj. 临时的，短暂的，昙花一现的，短时间的 a temporary teacher 代课教师 Most adolescent problems are temporary. If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary. He suffered a temporary loss of memory. My love for you is not a temporary madness. The huts can be made into temporary houses.
The boss hired some temporary workers.
31.not least 尤其，特别 The film caused a lot of bad feeling , not least among the workers whose lives it described. Everyone is more reluctant to travel these days, not least the Americans. The community is very mixed, not least because there are plenty of small industrial enterprises. hey refused to admit her, not least because she hadn’t got her membership card with her.
32.last but not least 最后不能不提，最后但同样重要，最后也同样重要 I would like to thank my publisher, my editor and, last but not least, my husband. Last but not least, we must thank our host for his hospitality. Last but not least, I have to admit that I am very worried about our football team.
33.ripe old age 成熟老年，高龄 He passed away at the ripe old age of 90. The teacher has attained the ripe old age of 95.
34.follow up 跟进，采取后续行动，接着做 We will continue to follow up and find the source of these goods and where they are coming from. They followed up the matter until they got results. If you r2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习之选择性必修第四册 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型
Unit1 Honesty and responsibility
重点词汇 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．outline vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 5．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 6．wire vt.给(某人)打电话；接通电源n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 7．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 8．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 9．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 10．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 11．geophysicist n．地球物理学家 12．core adj.核心的，最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分 13．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 14．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 15．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 16．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 17．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 18．wrap vt.包，裹，用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料 19．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包 20．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头) 21．nephew n．侄子，外甥 22．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 23．sew vi.& vt.缝，做针线活；缝上 24．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为 25．likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 26．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 27．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 28．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点
29．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 30．garbage n．垃圾；废话 31．sow vt.& vi.播种，种 32．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 33．quote n．引语，原话vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救
重点词组 1．拆毁，拆除tear down 2．发财make one’s fortune 3．失去联系lose contact 4．臂挽着臂arm in arm 5．被逮捕under arrest 6．turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7．on the beat在巡逻中 8．pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9．stick to坚持
10．take charge of掌管，负责 11．任……处置；对……无能为力at the mercy of 12．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担weigh on sb./sth. 13．坦白地说frankly speaking 14．促进，有助于contribute to 15．令某人感到失望的是to one’s disappointment 16．make a difference有影响，有关系 17．in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18．be responsible for对……负责 19．set aside留出；不顾 20．for the benefit of为了……的利益
重点句型 1．完全倒装 On the left side of the road stands our library，where there are various books. 在路的左侧是我们的图书馆，里面有各种各样的书籍。 2．with的复合结构 With the final exam approaching，we are all busy going over the lessons. 随着期末考试的临近，我们都在忙着复习功课。 3．however引导的让步状语从句 No matter how/However hard it is，I will pursue my dream. 不管有多么困难，我都要追求我的梦想。 4．hardly...when... Hardly had they got to the kitchen when they set out to cook breakfast for their mother. 他们一到厨房就开始为母亲做早餐了。 5．it will be...before... It will be less than a year before we graduate from high school. 还有不到一年我们就高中毕业了。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.decent adj. 正派的，体面的， He is a fine, upstanding, and decent Irish citizen. That was very decent of him.
适当的，合宜的，正经的 to do the decent thing 识时务 They were very decent about it.( 他们对这件事十分宽容。) He didn’t get a decent explanation. Are there any decent restaurants around here He dreamed of living in decent conditions. The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. John and his wife Leah are very decent people.
2.transcript n. 抄本，副本，誊本，成绩单，笔录，文字记录 She went through the transcript carefully in order to eliminate all errors from it. We have a transcript of your school records. Did you bring your transcript from high school A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.
3.eliminate vt. 排除，略去，不予考虑，淘汰，刷掉，杀死，除掉，铲除，排泄，排出 to eliminate … from … 把…从……中去除 They have taken positive steps to eliminate discriminatory practices. He declared war on the government and urged right-wingers to eliminate their opponents. We must eliminate unnecessary steps and get directly to the point. Their team was eliminated in the first round.
4.barely adv. 几乎不，刚刚，勉强，少量地，刚好 He is so weak that he can barely stand up. I had barely/hardly started speaking when he interrupted me. We had barely enough money to last through the weekend. The room was barely furnished.
5.appointment n. 约定，约会，任命，委任，委任的职位 I made a doctor’s appointment for you. I’ve got a dental appointment. He wants to change his appointment from Monday to Wednesday. His promotion to manager was a popular appointment. I believe he will get a good appointment.
6.tear down 拆除，拆毁 I want to tear down the walls that hold me inside. The city will tear down the building and create a park.
7.keen adj. 急切的，渴望的，渴求的，热衷于，热诚的，热心的，热情的，敏锐的，敏捷的 anxious，eager，keen均有“急切的，渴望的”之意。 Tom is a keen golfer. The blind have a keen sense of touch. Their keen eyes can penetrate the water to a depth of forty feet. Be brave, a fence between makes love more keen. The razor has a very keen edge. They have a wide knowledge of everyday things, and a keen interest in their particular city and state. They are rather keen to purchase Chinese goods. If you are keen on doing something, you very much want to do it. If you
anxious 强调因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情。
eager 侧重于急于成功的迫切心情。
keen 强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事。 are keen that something should happen, you very much want it to happen.
8.concession n. 让步，妥协，迎合，优惠，折让，特许，特许权，租地营业商铺 a concession to sth 对某事的妥协 tax concession 税收优惠，税收减免 The company has been granted a concession by the Government to mine in the area. Ending the dispute was worth almost any concession. The museum also has a mail-order catalogue and a concession at Selfridges.( 这个博物馆还有邮购目录，并在塞尔福里奇百货公司有一个铺位。)
9.on the beat 在巡逻中，合拍 More police officers out on the beat may help to cut crime. Last night in our neighborhood, some policemen were on the beat. They were all playing on the beat.
10.make one’s fortune 发财，成功立业 He went to the west to make his fortune.
11.lose contact/touch 失去联系 By the time he got well he had lost contact/touch with the Party. I don’t want to lose contact/touch with you.
12.reliable adj. 可靠的,可信赖的,确实的,真实可信的,可依靠的 I don’t think he is a reliable man. She may be slow but at least she’s reliable. A man who is dead to the justice is not reliable. There is no doubt that he is a reliable person. Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance journeys.
13.worthwhile adj. 有价值的,令人愉快的,值得花费时间(金钱、精力、努力)的,重要的 It is worthwhile to include really It’s a tough exam, so the end product is a worthwhile qualification. At last I'm a worthwhile role model for my girls. The time and work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile. The smile on her face made it all worthwhile. High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. I will live a fantastic, worthwhile and productive life! It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. Teaching is a worthwhile calling.
high-quality illustrations. It is worthwhile doing it.
14.arm in arm 手挽着手，臂挽着臂 I often see my grandparents strolling happily arm in arm. I’ve just seen them going down the road arm in arm.
15. suspect vt. & vi. 觉得(用于陈述观点，语气不强烈或直接),怀疑,疑有,怀疑……有罪,对……有疑问,不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 adj. 可疑的，受到怀疑的，令人怀疑的 to suspect (that) … 觉得……，怀疑…… I suspect it’s unavoidable. The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg. I had become a suspect in a murder inquiry. The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists. I suspect he was lying by the boy’s abnormal behavior. She has more intelligence than we suspected her to possess. The police couldn’t prove the suspect’s guilt. His fitness is suspect, so we can’t risk including him in the team.
16.arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕，拘押 to arrest sb for … 因…..逮捕某人 under arrest 被逮捕 She had been placed in close arrest. (她被严密拘禁。) You are all under arrest. The security forces have extensive powers of search and arrest. They were not ready to reveal any details of the arrest. The riot led to the arrest of three young men. The students’ arrest disturbed their friends.
17.take charge of… 管理……，接管…..，负责….. The boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. Our department has taken charge of the task. (我们部门已经接管了这个任务。)
18.somehow adv. 用某种方法，以某种方式，莫名其妙地，不知怎么地 We must make up for the lost time somehow. I wish I can repay you somehow for your kindness. He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind. We’ll manage somehow. I’ll get you there somehow. To hear her talking this way was somehow shocking.
19.legal adj. 法定的，合法的，法律的 Though legal, the tactics were questionable. What I did was perfectly legal. When his father died, his uncle became his legal custodian. She started out on her legal career in 1963. We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud. When you are 18, you are a legal voter.
20.resign vt. & vi. 放弃，辞去，辞职，放弃权利、要求等 resign oneself to… 顺从……，听任…… Riskily, he’s decided to resign. After much legal disputation our right to resign was established. Have you heard of her intention to resign He decided to resign his claim to the copyright. He has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose the job. (他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。) The team refused to resign themselves to being defeated.
21.guilty adj. 有过错的，有过失的，有罪的，感到内疚的，感到惭愧的 be guilty of.. 犯有……罪，对……感到内疚 The general assumption was that I was guilty. The court found him guilty. The man was proved guilty of murder. His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty. The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of theft. If a single drop of blood falls, you will be guilty of murder! In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.
22.ashamed adj. 惭愧的，羞愧的，难为情的，臊皮羞脸的，害臊的，尴尬的 be ashamed of… 为……而感到羞愧 be ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed of oneself for … 因为……自感羞愧 He bowed his head, ashamed. I was thoroughly ashamed of myself. Anyone who believes this should be ashamed of themselves. He is ashamed for his former dishonorable action. He was ashamed that he had lied. He jumped up, looking a little ashamed of himself.
23.forgive vt. & vi. 原谅，宽恕，饶恕，免除债务 to forgive and forget 不念旧恶；既往不咎 sb could be She found the charity in her heart to forgive them for the wrong they had done. The American Congress has agreed to forgive Egypt’s military debt. Forgive me. He is not a man who forgives easily. I forgave him his crimes.
forgiven for sth 某人做某事情有可原
24.cheat n. 作弊者，舞弊者 vt. 诈骗，欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 欺诈，作假，在考试等中作弊 to cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 to feel cheated 觉得受骗或上当了 He was a liar and a cheat. (他过去坑蒙拐骗。) Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools. We were on our honor not to cheat the customers. They cheat the old woman of her house and money. I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. He is a shameless cheat.
25.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的，失意的 Naturally, we were very disappointed. I’m sorry to have made you disappointed. They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. She was disappointed not to be chosen. He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.
26.sew vt. 缝，缝制，缝补，缝上 vi. 缝，缝纫，做针线活 They teach the children to cook, sew, and knit. I don’t have the face to take yet another pair to the dry cleaners and ask them to sew them up. I’ll just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new. She preferred to sew rather than to knit. The quickest way to sew is with a sewing machine.
27.pretend vi. & vt. 假装，装作，佯装，装扮，假装，假扮，自以为，自诩 She pretends that she likes them so that she can get their help. The young actor pretended to be Hamlet. (那个年轻演员扮演哈姆雷特。) She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep. I had no option but to pretend ignorance. I’ll pretend I didn’t hear that. You can’t pretend your problems don’t exist!
28.privilege n. 荣幸，特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，给予恩惠，特别优待，有特权 the privilege of freedom from arrest 免于逮捕的豁免权 I don’t have client privilege like doctors or lawyers. Pironi was the son of privilege and wealth. She was cocooned in a private world of privilege. (她生活在一个与世隔绝的特权世界里。) The college was an elite institution based on privilege and the old school tie. (大学是以特权和校友关系网为基础的精英机构。) I had the privilege of meeting the queen. It was a privilege to work with him. This pass will privilege you to attend the closed hearing.
29.mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽恕，侥幸 at the mercy of … 完全由……支配，任由……摆布 to throw yourself on sb’s mercy 听任某人发落 mercy killing 安乐死，安乐死术 without mercy 残忍地，毫不容情地， 毫不留情的，无怜悯之心 have mercy on someone 可怜某人 in one’s mercy 出于慈悲，出于恻隐之心 May God have mercy on your soul. (愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。) Mercy to the enemies means cruelty to the people. They showed their enemies no mercy. They never appealed to us for mercy. The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war. It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt. We were at the mercy of the weather. They set off up the road on their mission of mercy, Badger leading the way. mercy, compassion, pity, sympathy都有“同情”或“可怜”的意思。其区别在于: pity通常只表示内心感到难过或同情,少给予帮助。 sympathy指“同情心”或“恻隐之心”，强调共同分担，进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣。 compassion指“同情心”，强调由于理解而同情，并主动给予帮助，常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人。 mercy指“仁慈”或“怜悯”，含有主动救助别人脱离苦难之义。 It is a pity that such an ability as him should be employed about such trifle matters. 真可惜，像他这样有才能的人竟然被用来做这类琐事。 Her own experiences had taught her to have compassion for misunderstood children. 她自身的遭遇使她认识到应对那些受到误解的孩子予以同情。 The criminal pleaded with the jury for mercy. 犯人恳求陪审团宽恕他。 He was moved with sympathy. 他动了恻隐之心。
30.fault n.错误，失误，责任，过错，过失，缺点，弱点，故障 find fault with… 挑剔…… to a fault 过分地 If it wasn’t Sam’s fault, why was I blaming him It’s my fault. I like him despite his faults. There is a fault in the electrical system. It was not our fault that we were late. She is cautious to a fault. (她过分谨慎了。) He found fault with my composition.
31.discouraged adj. 灰心丧气的，沮丧的，气馁的 discourage sb from doing sth 妨碍、阻止、阻拦某人作某事 Don’t be discouraged. He sounded a little discouraged. There were concerns that the pricing structure discouraged competition. (人们担心价格体系会妨碍竞争。) They were discouraged from visiting the park because they discomforted other visitors.
32.bonus n. 奖金，意外收获，红利 Did you get your Christmas bonus Bonus notices were issued each year from head office to local agents. He received a box of cookies as a bonus when he bought coffee at the shop. The warm weather in such a freezing winter has been a real bonus. (这么寒
冷的冬天有这样暖和的天气真是令人喜出望外。) The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus. The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.
33.weigh on sb/sb’s mind 使某人焦虑不安，加重某人的思想负担，给某人施加压力 She knew she had been unfair to him and it weighed heavily on her mind for a long time. He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing on him.
34.live a lie 过骗人的生活，为人虚伪 He had to live a lie, which brought him pain. I couldn’t bear living a lie any more.
35.assume vt. 想当然，假定，假设，认为，承担，担任 You should not assume that all men and women think alike. Mr Cross will assume the role of Chief Executive with a team of four directors. I am not afraid to assume the responsibility. Let’s assume it to be true. I assume that you need to make an apology to her.
36.in store for sb 为某人准备 Mother has something delicious in store for me. She wondered what fate had in store for her next. He is excited about the new experiences that are in store for him.
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to (获得) employment in big enterprises.
2．The innocent boy，on the contrary，is more ，preferring to tell the truth in direct ways.
3．The mother gently the baby in a blanket and disappeared into the night.
4．Giving examples is a superb way to the statement of your articles because readers can better understand your opinions through these vivid examples.
5．Some people are never content with their life and they are always thinking of (获得) more wealth.
6．It can provide the photographers with instant (反馈)，including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.
7．We have successfully (达成协议) a deal with the state-owned enterprise.
8．The socialist (对……作出反应) strongly against doing anything that was against
his moral principles.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
This article holds the view that fine and suitable enterprise culture is the base of cultivating core
(competent)．
2． (knowledge) guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about memorials and parks.
3．The problem is due to discipline，or，more (precise)，the lack of discipline，in schools.
4．Although he is a socialist，Mr Wells is barely in sympathy the working class.
5．The work would have to be delayed if he were absent，for nobody in our enterprise can be more (suit) for it.
6．I would appreciate it if my application could get your (approve)．
7．The captain gestured his team members that it was time to arrest the suspect.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．很抱歉我不能亲自去机场接你，因为我肚子痛。(on account of)
.
2．学校应创造一个适合学生学习的环境。(be suitable for)
.
3．除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你永远不会获得成功。(gain)
.
4．众所周知，不同的动物会以自己的方式应对危险。(react)
.
5．我们中的一些人喜欢乘公共汽车，而另一些人则喜欢步行。(while)
.
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should recite more passages to have your enriched，which is of vital importance to English learning.
2．He was disappointed when the result didn’t (相一致) with what he desired.
3．They very badly towards the geophysicist，which aroused public anger.
4．It is worthwhile (合作) with other countries to build a peaceful world.
5．I’m strongly to tearing down these ancient buildings，which are part of the culture.
6．The two criminals (溜) out of the diamond shop，disappearing in the darkness.
7．My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech to be held by my school next Friday.
8．Judging from the linguist’s (口音)，he must be from southeast of Shandong Province.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．I had intended to the English speech contest，but I gave up in the end.
2．Theory should practice，which is the basic principle I stick to.
3．There is no doubt that taking part in the golf contest has and increased my confidence.
4．I’m sure he is competent to finish the task because he challenging work.
5．In my opinion，we can information each other to broaden our minds.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．这就是为什么我反对参加这个活动。(be opposed to)
.
2．我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上举止得体。(behave oneself)
.
3．这是我第一次因为太尴尬而无法发表演讲。(be embarrassed to do...)
4．女性往往花更多的时间照顾孩子和做家务。(tend to do...)
.
5．我参加过几次类似的活动，使我获得了相关经验。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
.
三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
Since graduation，the socialist’s nephew,1. orphan，had been keen on making his fortune because of his family financial burden.At first，as a decent and reliable boy，he worked at a mineral water factory.However，the bonus there was 2. (discourage) and his income barely supported his family.Therefore，he resigned from the factory，after which the socialist 3. (lose) contact with him.
Several years later，the police wired the socialist，saying that his nephew was suspected of being involved in a diamond and jade theft and he 4. (hunt)．As soon as he heard the
disappointing news，the socialist was ashamed of 5. his nephew had done，promising that he would send him to prison without mercy once he knew the whereabouts of the suspect.It was just two months later that the suspect made an appointment with his uncle secretly.On 6. (see) his nephew，the socialist tried to persuade him into acknowledging his criminal conduct.Watching the 7. (wrinkle) on his uncle’s face，the young man felt guilty about his illegal acts and admitted his fault.His uncle forgave his criminal behavior and embraced him 8. (tight)．In the end，they went to the police station arm in arm.With the criminal under arrest，we couldn’t help 9. (show) our respect for the socialist not only for his integrity but also for 10. (he) sticking to his principles whatever happens.
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
As we all know，communication is the exchange of information 1. a sender and a receiver，whose entire circle involves the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.
Most of what we communicate 2. (rely) not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them.
3． (be) a competent communicator，firstly it’s necessary that you should obtain as much their personal information as you can,4. is helpful for you to decide the best communication channel according to different situations.Furthermore,5. (judge) from the communication objects，you need to determine the language styles and communication manners.Apart from the details mentioned above，you should also keep in mind that body language plays 6. important part in communication since it accounts for over 50% in communication.You should pay attention to your own body language，and at the same time，you ought to keep a close eye on the other person’s body language，which will help the communication to go 7. (smooth)．Last but not least，the value of empathy should not 8. (understate)．To ensure a smooth communication，you should put 9. (you) in their shoes and look at the situation from their perspective.
In conclusion，good communication 10. (skill) will help you build trust and gain other people’s respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive.
Unit2 Understanding each other
重点词汇 1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
3．outline vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 5．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 6．wire vt.给(某人)打电话；接通电源n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网 7．criminal n．罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 8．anyhow adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地 9．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 10．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 11．geophysicist n．地球物理学家 12．core adj.核心的，最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分 13．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 14．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 15．mineral n．矿物，矿物质 16．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 17．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 18．wrap vt.包，裹，用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料 19．parcel n．包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包 20．bow n．蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头) 21．nephew n．侄子，外甥 22．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 23．sew vi.& vt.缝，做针线活；缝上 24．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为 25．likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 26．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 27．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 28．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 29．organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 30．garbage n．垃圾；废话 31．sow vt.& vi.播种，种 32．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 33．quote n．引语，原话vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命
2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救
重点词组 1．拆毁，拆除tear down 2．发财make one’s fortune 3．失去联系lose contact 4．臂挽着臂arm in arm 5．被逮捕under arrest 6．turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7．on the beat在巡逻中 8．pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9．stick to坚持 10．take charge of掌管，负责 11．任……处置；对……无能为力at the mercy of 12．使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担weigh on sb./sth. 13．坦白地说frankly speaking 14．促进，有助于contribute to 15．令某人感到失望的是to one’s disappointment
16．make a difference有影响，有关系 17．in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18．be responsible for对……负责 19．set aside留出；不顾 20．for the benefit of为了……的利益
重点句型 1．while作并列连词 I like pop music while my sister has a preference for classic music. 我喜欢流行音乐，而我妹妹偏爱古典音乐。 2．现在分词短语作结果状语 He was arrested for his criminal act，leaving his parents in despair. 他因犯罪而被捕，这让他父母陷入绝望。 3．强调句型 It was at the age of six that I began to play the piano. 我是在六岁时开始弹钢琴的。 4．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. The stronger the motivation is，the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 动机越强，一个人学习一门外语就会越快。 5．on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) Life is precious，so on no account should we waste time. 生命是宝贵的，所以我们绝不应该浪费时间。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.react vi. 反应，回应，服药后过敏，作出反应，起不良反应，产生化学反应 to react against … 反抗…… to react to sth 对某物过敏，对某物起不良反应， 对某物回应 to react with sth 与某物产生化学反应 They’ll react aggressively. Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him. How did they react to your suggestion
2.gentle adj. 平和的，轻柔的，舒缓的，温和的，温顺的，文雅的 We’ve never met such gentle people. My mother is a kind and gentle woman. The gentle music can relax him. A gentle breeze stirred the leaves. The dog is so gentle that I am not afraid of it.
She is gentle like a lamb. He is a man gentle in manner but firm in action. He was a person of gentle blood.
3.feedback n. 反馈，反馈意见，反馈信号 We don’t get enough customer feedback. Did you get any feedback from your clients The writer gets no immediate feedback and simply has to imagine the reader’s reaction. I’d appreciate some feedback on my work.
4.competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的，合适的，称职的 Always technically competent, the paintings are, however, curiously superficial. They are very professional and competent. Is Mary competent as a teacher We know you are competent in doing this job.
5.obtain vt. 取得，获得，得到，赢得 vi. 流行 Gaviria had been widely expected to obtain well over half the votes cast. Obtain and keep all receipts for taxi fares. He failed to obtain a scholarship. They obtained a loan from the government. Please advise us immediately after you have obtained the necessary import license. Your dress still obtains now.
6.suit vt. 满足需要，相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服，一套，诉讼，恳求 a suit of clothes 一套衣服 a diving suit 潜水服 follow suit 跟着做，照着做 suit yourself 随你的便，想怎样就怎样 to suit sth to sb/sth 使某事物适合某人∕某事物 He wore an ill-fitting single-breasted black suit. Howard was faultlessly dressed in a dark blue suit. It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions. The coat doesn’t suit you. If we meet at 2, will that suit you She filed a suit against the college for sex discrimination. (她对那所大学提出性别歧视的诉讼。) I don’t know what profession will suit me. Choose a soft, medium or firm mattress to suit their individual needs.
7.straightforward adj. 坦诚的，直率的，老实的，简单的，容易的，笔直的 It was not as straightforward as we were led to believe. (这事并非我们误以为的那样简单。) A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech. (巧言不如直说.) He’s a straightforward man and told everything he’d seen. (他是个直性子把看到的事儿都捅出来了.)
8.fold vt. 折叠，对折，交叉，包，裹，笼罩，包围 vi. 折叠起来，出现褶皱，倒闭 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分，折缝，折痕，褶皱 to fold flat 折平 fold-down rear seats 可折叠后座椅 Earthquakes can cause rocks to fold. Dark clouds folded the hills. I folded the handkerchief and put it in my pocket. The border guard folded his arms across his chest and glared at the front. if a business folds, it closes because it is not
able to make enough money. Make another fold and turn the ends together.
9.clarify vt. 阐明，澄清，使更清晰易懂，净化 A bank spokesman was unable to clarify the situation. The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues. Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position. ( 感谢你来信，并允许我阐明目前的立场。)
10.empathy n. 同感，共鸣，同情，移情 empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣 to empathize with sb 和某人有同感 As a rich and privileged person she has little empathy with the people she claims to represent. Parents must make use of their natural ability to empathize. (父母必须发挥其天性，设身处地体会子女的感受。) If I love you, I can empathize with you and see the world through your eyes The greatest help can be an understanding and patient parent who listens well and empathizes , he said in the same interview .
11.put yourself in sb’s shoes 设身处地为某人着想，处于某人的境地 Put yourself in his shoes. Wouldn’t you be upset Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.
12.account for… 说明……，说明……的原因，占…… Only one explanation could account for all these oddities . His boss called him to account for failing to meet the deadline . The purpose of the theory is to account for these experimental findings . The difference accounts for the existence of continents and ocean basins . Industry, it turned out, accounted for only ten percent of the smog in the city . By 1914 manufactured products accounted for nearly 49 per cent of American exports.
13.sympathy n. 同情，赞同，意气相投 in sympathy with… 同情……，赞成…… sympathize vi. 同情，同感，赞成 sympathize with… 同情……，对……有同感，赞成…… I have some sympathy with this point of view. (我对这一观点有些赞同。) Several hundred workers struck in sympathy with their colleagues. (几百名工人举行罢工以示对其工友们的支持。) I know you feel angry, and I sympathize. I sympathize with her when she protested. It’s hard to sympathize with her political opinions.
14.approve vi. & vt. 赞成，赞同，批准，通过 approve of.. 同意……，赞成…… They did not approve of the murder of their president. You don’t approve, do you Her parents did not approve of her decision.
The city council approved the building plan. You can join the class if your parents approve. I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies. No teacher can approve of cheating in exams.
15.gain vt. & vi. 获得，得到，挣得，得益，增加，增长 n. 收益，好处，利益; to gain a place at university 获准进入大学学习 for gain 为一己之利 weight gain 体重的增加 Their efforts helped the hostages gain their freedom. Perfectly matched, neither could gain victory. No pains, no gains. Did you gain weight after you stopped exercising They gain in security what they lose in liberty. Her talent and hard work gained her success as an artist.
16.precisely adv. 准确地，确切地，精确地，正是，确实是，细心地，恰好地 at 2 o’clock precisely 在2点整时 it’s precisely because … 正因为…… The key thing was to make sure that all the ingredients were weighed absolutely precisely. Boil the eggs for precisely four minutes. Children come to zoos precisely to see captive animals. We time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely. I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely.
17.preference n. 偏爱，偏好，喜爱，偏爱的事物，优待，进口关税的优惠 sb’s preference 某人的偏爱 We’re designing a product to match consumer preference. She has a preference for blue. It’s entirely a matter of preference. A polar bear has a preference for cold weather. I prefer to stay home rather than go out on rainy days.
18.jam n. 拥挤，堵塞，果酱，困境 vt. & vi. 堵塞，卡住 to be in a jam 处于困境，身陷窘境 jam today 只顾眼前，今朝有酒今朝醉 jam tomorrow 空头承诺，空头支票 Did she do things like bottling fruit or making jam He spread some apple jam on the bread. Traffic jams in the town happen everyday. We were delayed in a traffic jam. The holiday traffic is jamming the roads. The key turned halfway and then jammed.
19.embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，显得局促不安的，显得尴尬的，拮据的，窘迫的 to be financially embarrassed 经济拮据 to be embarrassed about sth 对某事物感到难堪 to be embarrassed to do sth 尴尬地做某事 Don’t be embarrassed! She was embarrassed when they asked her age. He was embarrassed by many debts. He is embarrassed because he made a mistake. When I am taken out to a restaurant I always get embarrassed about ordering. He was embarrassed to admit the truth.
20.correspond vi. & vt. 符合，相一致，类似于，通信 to correspond to … 与……相当，与……相似 Check the telephone numbers in case they don’t correspond. The two young people began to correspond.
to correspond with sb 与某人通信 Her expression is concerned but her body language does not correspond. Your account and hers do not correspond. The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. The translation does not quite correspond to the original. His words and actions do not correspond.
21.tolerate vt. 容忍，宽恕，容许，允许，忍受，忍耐，能经受 We will not tolerate such behavior. Match officials should not tolerate such behavior but instead enforce the laws of the game. We definitely can not tolerate such carelessness. He can not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. The school cannot tolerate cheating in exams.
22.integrate vt. & vi. 使成一体，使结合，使合并，使加入，融入，加入，结合，合并 to integrate … into … 使……成为……的一部分 to integrate with/into … 融入…… We must carry out the Party’s education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice. Data warehouse is a representative application of data integration. We need an integration evaluation method.
oppose vt. 反对，抵抗，抵制，与……敌对，与……对垒 contradict，deny，oppose，refute都含“否定，否认”，“反驳，反对”之意。 contradict 指否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见，与……相矛盾，与……相抵触。
deny 普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。
oppose 普通的广泛用词。指不作争论或不提出论据而无理由地反对；也指任何温和、有理由的反对或否定。
refute 语气较强，强调凭推理或证据驳斥一项主张或言论。 intervention n. 干预，干预行为，妨碍，斡旋，调解 It was courageous of him to oppose his chief. They opposed the government's new policies. Despite the intervention of the international community, the two countries were ultimately unable to settle their differences. (尽管国际社会的调停两国终未和解。) Don’t interfere with my business. Constant interruptions interfere with my work. (一次又一次的干扰妨碍我的工作。) Don’t allow pleasure to interfere with duty. (不要让娱乐妨碍了职责。)
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Relying on a monthly of 3,000 yuan to make a living doesn’t seem so easy in such a city.
2．After several years of study and practice，he has fluency in English.
3．One should always be full of (激情) in his life no matter how old he is.
4．The boy who is of English does well in both speaking and writing.
5．A good speaker is able to react quickly by (预料，预计) the audience’s needs.
6．Anyone dissatisfied with the status quo can seek to find what is to the present life.
7．Few people have the courage to admit being racially .
8．Even though they are common people，they have made contributions in their (各自的) fields.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They laboured for years (clear) their son’s name as he was accused of murder.
2．We students should set (attain) targets in the course of learning.
3．He has had a (passion) interest in music from an early age.
4． (anticipate) what interviewers will ask is quite important in job-seeking.
5．The police have launched a major (operate) against drug suppliers.
6．Have you ever (consultant) your lawyer about the case in advance
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．他们已经喜欢上了这所房子，不想搬家。(fond)
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2．他努力使学生对自己的课堂感兴趣，因此十分受欢迎。(endeavour；make＋宾语＋宾补)
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3．作为一名公务员，他的一生都在致力于为人民服务。(commit)
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4．新路正在实施临时交通管控。(operation)
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5．我们都知道她和她的同学相处得很好。(that引导主语从句)
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Please send us all the information about the (候选人) for the position.
2．During the week to the interview，they met secretly and negotiated something.
3．Do you know what are used for assessing a student’s ability
4．We apologized for the delivery of goods caused by too much orders.
5．Her success had (证明……正确) the faith her teachers had put in her.
6．When finishing the exercise，remember much of the meaning must be (推断) from the context.
7．The painting which is sold at a high price is not a Picasso but a copy.
8．We regret to inform you that this service is (暂时) unavailable.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be familiar with，the odds are that，put one’s best foot forward，follow up，put sb.in charge of，be proud of
1． you can’t repay your bank loans if you go over your monthly budget.
2．Your achievements are something ，which will add a colorful page to your profile.
3．He wants to do what he since childhood，but his parents expect him to try something new.
4．The previous manager was the new supermarket.
5．The criminal will get arrested finally because the police will all possible clues.
6． is essential if you want to get hired，so get well prepared to make a good first impression.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．人们曾经认为太阳绕着地球转。(it作形式主语的主语从句)
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2．你能证明自己有资格接受这项重要的任务吗？(qualification)
3．这个研究所在战争期间曾被用作医院。(for the duration of)
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4．在做评论前，你最好想清楚要说什么。(prior to)
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5．在车站等公交时，他听了一些音乐。(while引导的省略句)
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三
Ⅰ.语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)
Last Sunday a 1. (knowledge) linguist gave us a lecture on how to be a competent communicator.Firstly，he explained that the whole procedure of communication 2. (involve) the encoding，decoding and feedback of information.3. (become) a
competent communicator，not only do you obtain as much others’ information as possible and choose 4. (good) communication channel that suits the situation，but also determine the appropriate style to use.For example，when 5. (negotiate) with a large enterprise，you should talk in a straightforward way.Besides，using proper body language and behaving well is 6. vital importance to avoid friction.More importantly，the value of empathy should
7. (accent)．It is important that you should put yourself in their shoes if they are in depression.While you may not approve of their 8. (idea)，at least you will be able to see 9. accounts for their emotions and empathize with them as well as adjust your tone.10. necessary，you may express your sympathy to them.From his lecture，we have gained much knowledge about effective communication and broadened our minds.
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
The question 1. we work to live or live to work may have different answers.It is certainly true that we need the money from work 2. (live)．However，there are other reasons why we enter the world of work.
Work enables us to have our goals attained and our dreams 3. (achieve)．Just as Henry David Thoreau once put 4. ，advancing confidently in the direction of the dreams and living the imagined life could lead to a success out of 5. (expect)．Besides，work can also help us develop our skills.The changing workplace requires us to acquire new skills and abilities to be 6. (adaptable) to new circumstances.What’s more，work is 7. (benefit) to us personally and the health of society as well.In a successful，stable and productive society,8. all jobs are equally important，we all make our respective contributions.Some people even 9. (commit) to working for the benefit of others.
All in all，through work，we individuals can have access to 10. better life and our society can function properly.
Unit3 Careers and skills
重点词汇 1．salary n．薪金，薪水 2．labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力
活 3．receptionist n．接待员 4．respective adj.分别的，各自的 5．leadership n．领导应有的品质；领导地位 6．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据 7．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的 8．budget n．预算 9．loan n．贷款，借款；借出vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱) 10．client n．客户，委托人 11．detective n．侦探，警探 12．subjective adj.主观的 13．directory n．名录，电话号码簿，公司名录 14．groundwork n．基础工作，准备工作 15．premier adj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，总理 16．institute n．机构，机构建筑vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等) 17．label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 18．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者 19．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓vi.概述，写简介 20．delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁vi.& vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 21．infer vt.推断，推论，推理 22．seize vt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 23．temporary adj.临时的，短暂的
词汇拓展 1．attain vt.达到；获得→attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的 2．passion n．强烈情感；酷爱→passionate adj.热诚的；狂热的 3．anticipate vt.预计；预料→anticipation n．预料，预期，预见，预计 4．superior adj.更好的，占优势的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人→inferior adj.较差的；比不上……的 n．不如别人的人；级别(或地位)低的人 5．prejudice n．偏见，成见→prejudiced adj.有偏见的；偏爱的 6．consultant n．顾问；会诊医师→consult v．咨询，商讨→consultation n．咨询，商讨；就诊 7．operate vt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operation n．运行，运转；经营；手术；行动→operator n．操作人员；电话员，接线员；经营者
8．qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualified adj.合格的；具备资格的→qualify vt.使合格；使具备资格 9．swing vi.& vt.(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆n.改变；摆动；秋千→swung(pt./pp.) 10．applicant n．申请人→apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；申请表；应用；涂抹 11．criterion n．标准，准则→criteria(pl.) 12．refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的，别具一格的；使人精力充沛的→refresh vt.& vi.更新；使恢复精力；使想起 13．justify vt.对……作出解释，为……辩护；证明……正确→justified adj.有正当理由的 14．relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的→relevance n．关联；相关性→relevantly adv.相关地→irrelevant adj.不相关的，无关紧要的 15．genuine adj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的→genuinely adv.真地，真诚地
重点词组 1．(全公司或全国的)劳动力 labour force 2．谋生 earn a living 3．喜爱 be fond of 4．权衡，斟酌 weigh up 5．让……处于危险之中 put sth.on the line 6．be engaged in从事，参加；忙于 7．be superior to比……更好的、更胜一筹的 8．have (a) prejudice against 对……有偏见 9．make our respective contributions 做出我们各自的贡献 10．have passion for 对……喜欢，酷爱…… 11．立即行动起来；马上大干起来 swing into action 12．处于有利地位，有优势 gain the upper hand 13．在……之前 prior to 14．直到……结束，在整个……期间 for the duration 15．全力以赴 put one’s best foot forward 16．get qualifications (for)获得(做某事的)资格 17．look back on 回顾 18．follow up 接着，采取进一步行动
19．infer...from 从……推断 20．put...under pressure 使……处于压力之下
重点句型 1．that引导定语从句 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。 2．wherever引导让步状语从句；that引导表语从句 Wherever she goes，the trouble is that crowds of people are waiting to see her. 不管她去哪儿，麻烦就是成群的人正等着见她。 3．that引导同位语从句 Mark has made the point that more and more young people prefer to move to the cities in his speech. 马克在他的发言中说出了这样一个观点，那就是越来越多的年轻人更愿意搬到城市居住。 4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 A man stood still in the dark，smoking，which made her frightened. 一个男人一动不动地站在黑暗处，抽着烟，把她吓坏了。 5．while引导的时间状语从句的省略 While running after the bus in a hurry，he lost his ID card，the smartphone and all the money as well. 当他在匆忙追赶公交车的时候，他弄丢了自己的身份证、手机和所有的钱。
Word lists Supportive sentences
1.earn a/one’s living=make one’s/a living谋生 He began to earn a living early . He was virtually driven to this, because he could not earn a living in any other way. They would run a real plant where men and women could earn a living doing useful work.
2.pop up 突然出现，冒出来 He keeps popping up in the most unlikely places. This question has popped up again.
3.attain vt. & vi. 获 Top-ranking sumo wrestlers attain superstar status. (顶级相扑运动员
得，取得，达到 to attain old age 步入老年 的地位堪比超级巨星。) She pulls every string to attain the end. (她想尽一切办法来达到目的。)
4.passion n. 激情，强烈的情感，极度喜爱，酷爱 a passion for sb 对某人的爱欲 to speak with passion 满怀激情地说话 passion, emotion, feeling, sensation, sense, affection, sentiment都有“感觉”、“感情”、“情绪”的意思，都可指机体受到外界刺激后从身体到精神的反应。其区别是： sensation常指身体的反应，尤其是感官如眼睛、神经等对外界刺激的反应，一般较轻微，常译为“感知”，还可指轰动一时的事件或人物 feeling是最常用的，可泛指一般的情绪，一般译为“感觉”“感情”。 emotion表现为喜怒哀乐，一般译为激动、激情。 passion强烈的情感，往往使人失去思维的能力，且使人不能自制。 sense多指身体上五官的感觉。 affection 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情。 sentiment一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。 Passion kept us together. Gardening has become his all-consuming passion. (园艺成了他全身心投入的嗜好。) Lyrics are written almost conversationally, yet sung with passion. Life needs curiosity, enthusiasm and passion, which depends on how we think of the world. I have a passion for American literature. Fire gives a sensation of warmth. 火给人以温暖的感觉。 I don’t like to hurt his feeling. 我不愿意伤害他的感情。 She lost her reason in consequence of a violent emotion caused by a fire. 她因失火而过分伤心以致失去理智。 Our moral sense controls passion. 我们的道德观念控制着激情。 The new invention has created a great sensation. 这项新发明引起了很大的轰动。 Every mother has affection for her children. He could feel the sentiment stirring within him.
5.fond adj. 喜欢的，喜爱的，溺爱的 A fond mother may spoil her child. He was fond of drawing when he was a child.
be fond of… 喜欢……，喜爱…… She has many shortcomings, but we’re all very fond of her. I have very fond memories of living in our village.
6.superior adj. 更好的，占优势的，级别、身份更高的，上级的 n. 上级，长官，上司 superior to sb (地位或级别)在某人之上的 He always does what his superiors tell him. He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car. (他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时，傲慢的微微一笑。) I’ll report you to your superior officer!
7.prejudice n. 偏见，成见，反感，伤害 without prejudice 无损害地 without prejudice to sth 对某事物没有不利，无损于某事物 have prejudice against… 对……有偏见 Prejudice dies hard. (偏见难以消除。) He was a victim of racial prejudice. She has a prejudice against modern music. A judge must be free from prejudice. The offer was accepted without prejudice to the current pay negotiations. A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice.
8.receipt n. 收据，收入，收到的款项，收到，接收，接受 May I have a receipt Please send me a receipt for the money. We only take goods back if customers can produce the receipt. (顾客如能出示收据，我们才能予以退货。) On receipt of your instructions he will send the goods.
9.zone n. 地区，区域 comfort zone 舒适区，放松区 I’d like to see Europe as a nuclear-free zone. Holidaying in a war zone is not an attractive proposition. Volunteers have also gone to the earthquake zone.
10.hire vt. & vi. 租用，雇用，聘用，录用 n. 租用，雇用，租借，租金 car hire company 汽车租赁公司 hire oneself out to… 受雇于……，投靠……，给……打工 We don’t want to hire inexperienced workers. We hired an advertising company for help to sell our product. They hire out boats by the hour. The price includes the hire of the hall. She hired herself out to the owner of an apple orchard.
11.weigh up 衡量，权衡，斟酌 You should weigh up the situation. After we’d weighed up all the pros and cons, we decided it would be better to sell.
I’m trying to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of working from home. Women were a little more complicated and likely to weigh up the pros and cons before settling on their choice.
12.commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的，营利性的，商业性的，商品化的，盈利的 n. 电台或电视中的商业广告 commercial French 商务法语 ICBC 中国工商银行 The enterprise is unashamedly commercial. (这家企业极度重视商业利益。) The downtown area is zoned for commercial use. The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials. It was the first commercially available machine to employ artificial intelligence.
13.put/lay sth on the line 把某事置于危险之中 Firefighters put their lives on the line every working day. A wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line.
14.loan vt. 借出，贷与 n. 贷款，借款，借出 commercial loan 商业贷款 bridging loan 临时贷款，过渡贷款 term loan 定期贷款 loan interest 贷款利息 student loan 助学贷款 loan contract 贷款合同 The loan is repayable over twenty years. I would like some information for requesting a loan. The bank was unwilling to loan him that quantity of money. The president wants to make it easier for small businesses to get bank loans. I am in need of a loan of a bike for a few weeks. The book is currently on loan. Sam received an unsecured loan of $282,000. (山姆接受了一笔28.2万美元的无担保贷款。) He was offered a $10,000 interest-free loan. (他获得了一笔1万美元的无息贷款。)
15.autonomy n. 自治，自治权，自主权 Each of the managers enjoys considerable autonomy. The separatist is demanding full autonomy for their state.
16.premier adj. 首位的，最著名的，最成功的 n. 总理，首相 His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field. (该公司执电子行业之牛耳。) Premier Zhou Enlai is a distinguished politician.
17.proportion n. 比例，份额，面积，容积，规模，部分 vt. 使成比例，使均衡 A large proportion of my time is spent in studying. This door is narrow in proportion to its height. We must proportion the punishment to the crime . The proportion of children with special needs in mainstream schools has
in proportion of… 按……的比例，与……比较起来 a proportion of… ……的一部分 risen steadily.
18.qualification n. 资格，达到标准，资历，限制，合格，证书合格，学历 qualification for the World Cup finals 世界杯决赛资格 vocational qualifications 职业资格 without qualification 无条件地，毫无保留地 This statement requires qualification and clarification. (这个声明需要限定和说明。) The plan was approved without qualification. (这项计划获得无条件批准。) This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft. In that case, he won’t qualify as a good husband.
19.swing n. 秋千，摆动，改变 vi. & vt. 使摇摆，使改变，摇摆，摆动 to swing one’s hips 摆屁股，扭屁股 to take a swing at sb/sth 挥动手臂击打某人/某物 to be in full swing 在热烈进行中，处于兴盛阶段 swing into action 迅速采取行动，马上大干起来 Oil prices continued an upward swing. There’s an election in two years' time and the voters could swing again. Campaigning is already in full swing. When he’s not on the tennis court, you'll find him practising his golf swing. The swing of the ship made many people seasick. Can you swing them round to my point of view (你能让他们转而支持我的观点吗？) In fact, many enterprises have swung into action, trying to share a piece of cake in the online shopping market.
20.gain the upper hand 占上风，处于有利地位，有优势 The two sides were so well-matched that neither could gain the upper hand. A wise general can gain the upper hand in any battle. At the beginning of the game our team gained the upper hand, but by and by we lost our strength.
21.prior adj. 优先的，在前的，更重要的，占先的 prior to… 在……之前 previous，foregoing，preceding，prior，former 这些形容词均可表示“在 He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist. This task is prior to all others. Constitution is prior to all other laws. Prior to the 19th century, there were almost no channels of social mobility. Steve had no prior experience with disabled people. The caves can be visited only by prior arrangement.
前的”之意。 previous指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。 foregoing指前所述的，是following的反义词。 preceding特指时间和地位上紧接在前。 prior与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。 former系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。 He knew about the interview prior to its publication and had actually previewed the piece.
21.profile n. 侧面，轮廓，形象，简介，外形，外观 vt. 概述，写简介 in profile 侧面的 to keep a low profile 保持低调，采取低姿态 I photographed him in profile. She is prettier in profile than at full face. We could see the profile of a distant hill if it is very clear. The deal will certainly raise the company’s international profile. My boss asked me to write a profile for the new tennis champion. The newspaper publishes a profile of a leading sportsman every week. The huge trees were profiled against the night sky. The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue.
22.criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准，准则 criterion, standard 这两个词都有“标准”的意思。其区别在于: standard指事先制定出来的一种或一套客观、公正的规则；而criterion既可指客观的水准,也可指主观上判断事物的标准。例如: The girls shrieked happily, “Sarah, you'll never get married if your standards are so high.”那些女孩快活地尖声说道：“莎拉，如果你的择偶标准那么高，你会永远不能结婚。” I think you should employ different criteria Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. He thinks that the criterion of success is the ability to work joyfully. We have a clear-cut criterion to go by. (我们有个可供遵循的明确标准。)
for the examination of candidates. 我认为你们在考试应试者时，应采用不同的标准。
23.delay n. 推迟，延缓，耽搁，耽搁的时间 vi. & vt. 推迟，使延期，使延迟，耽搁，拖延 without delay 毫不犹豫 There’s at least a three-second delay in the ‘live pictures’ reaching your TV screens. Don’t delay too long. An unbearably tense delay followed before the result was announced. (宣布结果之前有一段延迟，气氛极其紧张。) Most doctors emphasize the fact that HRT cannot delay ageing. We decided to delay our wedding until next year. Our plane was delayed by fog. The weather is responsible for the delay. (由于天气关系才耽搁了。) There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off. I have to delay answering his question. Excuse me for my delay in answering your question.
24.justify vt. 证明……正确，为……辩护，在法庭上证明……有合法理由，证明……正确 This does not justify the denial of constitutional protection. No argument can justify a war. The mental green shoots are making us tell ourselves stories to justify a little spending . (头脑中的萌芽让我们寻找各种理由来为自己的些许消费辩解。) He had to justify himself for his conduct. Nothing can justify your cheating in an exam. What can be said in justification of his behavior
25.relevant adj. 相关的，切题的，有重大关系的，有意义的，有价值的 vocationally relevant subjects 职业教育相关科目 His remarks are not relevant to our discussion. A paper relevant to this research was published by him. Have you heard of the relevant report My next conclusion is more relevant. (我的另一个结论更切题。) Members are drawn from people living in the relevant area. It is important that relevant legal issues are publicly raised.
26.firm adj. 强有力的，坚定的，结实的，坚固的，牢固的， 严格的 n. 公司，商行 to be a firm believer in sth 某事物的坚定信仰者 to hold firm 坚挺 He has established his own firm. We must maintain a firm attitude. Because of their pleasant personality, they had soon formed a firm friendship. Parents must be firm with their children. (父母对孩子一定要严格。) She is a clerk with the firm.
27.seize vt. 抓住，夺取，没收，捉住，夺取， Seize the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it. Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.
占领，攻占，捉拿 to seize sth with both hands 双手紧紧抓住某事物 In a climate of political unrest, a dictator can often seize power. They seize the drugs and arrest the people on the boats. (他们没收毒品,逮捕船上的人。) Dick was quick to seize the idea. (迪克迅速领会了这个想法。) The government now hopes to seize the initiative on education.
28.initiative n. 首创精神，主动权，倡议，进取心，首创性，主动性 adj. 开始的，主动的 一带一路 The Belt and Road Initiative to have the initiative 占据上风，处于有利地位 to take the initiative 带头，发起，主动 subjective initiative 主观能动性 She’s got initiative. The initiative is of immeasurable importance. (这种积极主动性至关重要。) She took an initiative part in the Wildlife Conservation Society. (她主动参加野生动物保护协会。) It is innovation plus initiative that has kept it thriving. Local initiatives to help young people have been inadequate. (当地对年轻人的扶助法案一直不够完善。) He proposed a new diplomatic initiative to try to stop the war. (他提出了一个新的试图阻止战争的外交倡议。) It was up to the US to take the initiative in repairing relations. In this way they brought into full play the initiative, wisdom and power of the masses. (这样他们就使群众的积极性、智慧和力量都充分发挥出来。)
29.put one’s best foot forward 全力以赴，把自己最好的一面展现出来 Better get a haircut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put your best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job. Putting your best foot forward is essential if you want to get hired. Each one had to put his best foot forward because they weren't given another chance to show off their talent.
30.temporary adj. 临时的，短暂的，昙花一现的，短时间的 a temporary teacher 代课教师 Most adolescent problems are temporary. If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary. He suffered a temporary loss of memory. My love for you is not a temporary madness. The huts can be made into temporary houses. The boss hired some temporary workers.
31.not least 尤其，特别 The film caused a lot of bad feeling , not least among the workers whose lives it described. Everyone is more reluctant to travel these days, not least the Americans. The community is very mixed, not least because there are plenty of small industrial enterprises. hey refused to admit her, not least because she hadn’t got her membership card with her.
32.last but not least 最后不能不提，最后但 I would like to thank my publisher, my editor and, last but not least, my husband.
同样重要，最后也同样重要 Last but not least, we must thank our host for his hospitality. Last but not least, I have to admit that I am very worried about our football team.
33.ripe old age 成熟老年，高龄 He passed away at the ripe old age of 90. The teacher has attained the ripe old age of 95.
34.follow up 跟进，采取后续行动，接着做 We will continue to follow up and find the source of these goods and where they are coming from. They followed up the matter until they got results. If you receive no response after you send your application, you can follow it up with a phone call.
35.be drawn to… 被……吸引 Parents will often be drawn to the child who is easiest to get along with. (父母们通常会更愿意接近那些相处起来最轻松的小孩。) Although Christmas was not a significant festival for ordinary middle-aged Chinese, she found herself drawn to the spirit of the occasion.
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The professor could tell by the look on Mary’s face that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.
2．The difficulties in her way didn’t frighten her away but merely strengthened her (决心)．
3．Lacking criteria for selection led to inequality when candidates were judged.
4．Whether these classes will be open to students depends on how many students have for them.
5．He behaved strangely，saying nothing during the whole day，which was completely beyond .
6．With (具体的，确实的) evidence found，the man was arrested without delay and put into prison.
7．The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in (抽象的) terms.
8．We have prepared enough food on the (假定) that everyone invited will turn up.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As we all know，the Ninth Symphony is one of Beethoven’s finest (compose)．
2．The (educate) named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this
educational system.
3．Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is (criticize) to future development.
4．Which journals will the library subscribe next year
5．The remote island is a place for people to rest and find (refresh) for mind and body.
6．We think it is reasonable to (assumption) they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
7．We received over 300 (inquire) about the job，but we didn’t have time to deal with them all.
8．You are bound by the contract (pay) before the end of the month，or you will be fined.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．其中一位候选人的学识给我们留下了深刻的印象。(impress)
.
2．就是在那个经验丰富的老师的指导之下，他们才完成了实验。(强调句)
.
3．旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。(not...but...)
.
4．很多人并没有意识到当代社会的孩子是很勤奋的。(aware)
5．我们别无选择只能重新开始努力，吸引年轻的队员。(renew)
二
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Susan has a in drama education，which qualifies her as a drama player.
2．Focus on how to ensure the project quality in case of schedule.
3．He has changed a great deal over the past year，becoming (成熟的) and responsible.
4．She decided to head for the (宿舍) to take another look，hoping to fin
