2024届中考英语二轮复习专题突破第4讲 形容词和副词

课程主题：形容词和副词
学习目标 1.掌握形容词和副词的基本用法 2.掌握形容词和副词的三级变化
教学内容
【课前检测】 1. Harry keeps exercising every morning．As a result，he's a few kilos ____________ (轻的) than he used to be. 2. Black tea was invented in China as a way to keep tea __________ (新鲜的) when it was transported long distance. 3. The school library is________(开放的) Monday through Friday, 9 a.m to 6 p.m. 4. Stephen was__________(忙碌的) with the report on giant pandas last week. 5. Millie lives on a healthy diet. She__________ (很少) has sweet snacks. 6. Anna doesn’t like playing computer games. Sometimes she does it __________ (simple) to relax. 7. The first computers were built in the 1940s, they were even ___________ (big) than cars. 8. Healthy food and plenty of vitamins are good for your memory to work ____________ (proper). 9. Many students are ___________ (happy) with too much homework. They need more time for their hobbies. 10.We think Samuel is the most suitable person to be our monitor because he does everything ________ (careful)． 【课堂导学】 【知识点梳理】 【中考考纲】 1、形容词(包括比较级和最高级) 2、副词(包括比较级和最高级) 【近三年南京中考真题】 201720162015词义辨析899词性辨析424比较级\最高级876
【知识梳理1】 形容词的用法 1．形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercise.(宾补) 当你做眼保健操时，必须闭上眼睛。 There are many colourful coral reefs under the sea.(定语) 海底有许多色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁。 Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表语) 妈妈收到我们的礼物时很高兴。 2．形容词作定语时，一般要放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。但enough既可放在被修饰的名词前，也可放在被修饰的名词后。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩已足够大能去上学了。 He has something interesting to tell his mother. 他有一些有趣的事要告诉他妈妈。 3．基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。这时名词总是用单数，而且这个复合形容词总是放在被修饰的名词前，常表示时间、度量等。如：a 5-year-old girl 4．有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。 这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。 5．有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。 6．以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的) 7．“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物。如：the poor(穷人)等。 8．一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如： glad, happy, pleased sorry, sad, sure , keen +to do sth. be ready, afraid, able easy, difficult 9．常见形容词的近义词归类。 large—big，glad—happy/pleased，clever—bright， dear—expensive，broken—worn out，hard—difficult， fine—well，ill—sick，nice—kind/fine/good/beautiful， alone—lonely 10．常见形容词的反义词归类。 bad—good，big—small，large—small，black—white， busy—free，cold—hot，cool—warm，dead—living/alive， dry—wet，empty—full，fast—slow，high—low， ill—well，little—much，open—closed，same—different， safe—dangerous，southern—northern，less—more， least—most，worse—better，worst—best，cheap—dear/expensive， easy—hard/difficult，possible—impossible， happy—unhappy/sad，early—late 【例题精讲】 1.He has read many books on history，so it's ________for him to answer these questions. A.hard B.Impossible C.easy D.serious 2.—Have you ever seen the movie called Los Angeles 2011 —Yes，but I think it's ________.I fell asleep when I saw it. A.exciting B.boring C.bored D.excited 3.—Terra，you shouldn't be so ________.You always leave your things here and there. —Sorry，mom.I'll put them away soon. A.terrified B.cheerful C.careless D.frightened 4.—I'm really ________before the exam. —Take it easy.You are the best. A.surprised B.nervous C.comfortable D.confident 5.—It's going to rain.Let me fetch an umbrella for you. —Thank you! You are so ________. A.lucky B.kind C.relaxed D.interesting 6.—Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike —I'd like to go ________. A.nowhere interesting B.interesting anywhere C.somewhere interesting D.interesting somewhere 7.—How about the dishes —Fantastic! Nothing tastes ________. A.nice B.better C.terrible D.worse 【巩固练习】 1.The tour guide has made the route for the school trip.We don't need to ________that. A.be worried about B.be afraid of C.be sorry for D.Be crazy about 2.—Waiter, $20 for dinner, right —I'm afraid $25, sir, for drinks are ________. A.extra B.free C.high D.spare 3.There was ________ to weigh the elephant. A.nothing enough big B.big nothing enough C.nothing big enough D.big enough nothing 4.This kind of mobile phone is very ____ (便宜) and simple to use. 5. My sister is still very _______ with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday. A. popular B. satisfied C. honest D. angry 6. There is an ________(空的) bottle on the road. Everyone should be careful. 7. Nanjing looks much more beautiful on ________ (snow) days. 8. So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes us feel________(自豪的). 【知识梳理2】 形容词的原级、比较级最高级 1．形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级。 (1)规则变化 类 别构成方法原　级比较级最高级单音 节词 和少 数双 音节 词一般直接加er，estnew tallnewer tallernewest tallest不发音的e结尾时加r，st Late finelater finerlatest finest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加er，esteasy happyeasier happiereasiest happiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加er，estthin hotthinner hotterthinnest hottest多音 节词 和部 分双 音节词在原级前加more，mostpopular importantmore popular，more importantmost popular， most important
(2)不规则变化 原　级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远) further(进一步)farthest(最远) furthest(最大程度)oldolder elder(较年长的)oldest eldest(最年长的)
2.形容词原级用法 (1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 The pictures on the wall are nice. 墙上的图片很漂亮。 (2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。 The man is very tall. 这个人很高。 (3)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 ①肯定句中的结构：“A...＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B” English is as important as Chinese. 英语和语文一样重要。 ②否定句中的结构：“A...＋not＋as/so＋形容词原级＋as＋B” I am not so fast as Lucy.我没有露西快。 ③表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A...＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B”结构。(两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字＋times) Our school is three times as big as his. 我们学校是他学校的三倍大。 This table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 ④“half as＋形容词原级＋as”表示“……是……的一半”。 His apples are half as many as his sister's. 他的苹果是他妹妹的一半多。 3．形容词比较级用法 (1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A...＋比较级＋than＋B”。 The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag. 这个包里的橘子比那个包里的橘子大。 (2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。 It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. 广东比吉林热得多。 (3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which/Who is＋形容词比较级，A or B？”表示。 Which book is newer，this one or that one 哪本书更新一些，这本还是那本？ (4)表示“几倍于……”时，用“倍数＋比较级＋than”表示。 Her house is twice bigger than mine. 她的房子比我的大两倍。 (5)表示“两者之间较……一个(of the two)”时，常用“the＋比较级”结构。 Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的一个。 (6)表示“越来越……”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级＋and＋比较级”，当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more＋形容词原级”。 It's getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。 (7)表示“越……就越……”时，用“the ＋比较级，the＋另一比较级”结构。 The more we get together, the happier we'll be. 我们越聚在一起就越高兴。 4．形容词最高级用法 (1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。 He is the youngest in our class. 他是我们班年龄最小的。 Mary's handwriting is the best of the three girls. 玛丽的字在三个女孩中是最好的。 (2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who is＋the＋最高级，A，B or C？”结构。 Who is the oldest，Mary，Nancy or Lily 谁的年龄最大，玛丽，南希还是莉莉？ (3)表示“最……的……之一”时用“one of the＋形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。 The pen is one of the most beautiful pens. 这支钢笔是最漂亮的钢笔之一。 (4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 在中国，黄河是第二长河。 (5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。 Tomorrow will be my busiest day. 明天将是我最忙碌的一天。 (6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。 ＝Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 ＝Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 ＝Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。 特别注意： (1)ing形容词与ed形容词 ing形容词表示“令人……的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”，exciting“令人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的”等。 ed形容词表示“感到……的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.＋be＋ed形容词＋介词”结构。如：surprised“感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的”，interested“感兴趣的”等。 We are all excited about the exciting news. 我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。 (2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。(在不同范围内比较时，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。如： China is larger than any_other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 【例题精讲】 1.—Would you mind staying in such a noisy room —No, but my son needs a ________place to study in. A.cleaner B.quieter C.safer D.smaller 2.The actress is already 50，but she looks ________than she really is. A.young B.more young C.more younger D.much younger 3.—What a hot day! —The weather report says it will be much ________tomorrow. A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.cold 4.—How can I get along well with others, father —Try to smile to others, boy.That will make ________ much ________. A.them; easier B.them; more easy C.it; easy D.it; easier 5.—Which city has ________ population，Shanghai，Hong Kong or Qingdao —Shanghai，of course. A.the smallest B.the least C.the most D.the largest 6.During this year's Reading Week，I read the most books in our class.No one reads ________books than I. A.many B.more C.few D.fewer 7. Funtawild Adventure is very popular and ________tourists visit it year by year. A.more and more B.fewer and fewer C.less and less D.more or less 【巩固练习】 1.Julia is very clever.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________ IQ. A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest 2.—Why don't you like winter in Beijing —Because it is ________ winter in Guangzhou. A.as cold as B.much colder than C.not so cold as D.not colder than 3.—All of us are proud of the progress he's made during the past five years. —Yes.We're sure he will be even ________. A.successful B.more successful C.most successful D.successfully 4.Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital.But after a week’s rest, she felt much ______ and went back to school. A.good B.better C.bad D.worse 5. Look at the picture, Diana is______. A. the tallest B. the shortest C. taller than Jenny D. shorter than David 6. My daughter is much_________(tall) now. The jeans she wore last year are already too short. 【知识梳理3】 副词的用法 1．副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中可以作状语、表语、宾语补足语。 Please don't leave the room when I am away. 当我不在的时候请不要离开房间。 The radio says the clouds will lift quite quickly. 收音机上说云将会很快散去。 注：可以用作表语的副词有：in，out，on，off，up，down，over，around。 2．副词的分类 副词一般分为以下几类： (1)时间副词。如：now，often，usually，always，early，then，soon，before，ago等。 (2)地点副词。如：here，there，out，above，below，outside，up，down，downstairs等。 (3)方式副词。如：hard，well，badly，fast，slowly，quietly等。 (4)程度副词。如：very，much，still，almost，quite，so，too等。 (5)疑问副词。如：how，when，why，where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。 (6)关系副词。如：when，where，why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。 (7)连接副词。如：how，where，why，whether等(放在名词性从句句首，主要是宾语从句)。 3．副词的位置 (1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等 通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。 He usually has lunch in the factory. 他通常在工厂吃午饭。 The boy is often late for class. 那个男孩子上课经常迟到。 (2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。 I have enough money to buy the book. 我有足够的钱买下这本书。 He's tall enough to get the book down. 他足够高，可以把书取下来。 (3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词放在句首。 They went swimming in the river yesterday. ＝Yesterday they went swimming in the river. 昨天他们去河里游泳了。 (4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。 My father works hard. 我父亲工作努力。 Tom speaks Chinese very well. 汤姆的中文说得很好。 Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 王先生很认真地给他的朋友们写信。 (5)“及物动词＋副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。 Can I try on the shoes，please 我可以试穿这鞋吗？ Don't cut it down! 别把它砍倒！ (6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。 I'm very sad to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。 (7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。 Suddenly he had a good idea. 突然他想出了一个好办法。 4.几个常用副词的用法区别 (1)how long/how soon/how often/how far how long “多久，多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for＋时间段”和“since＋时间点”回答。 how soon “多快，多久以后”，是对一个短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in＋时间段”回答。 how often “多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用once/twice/three...times a...等回答。 how far “多远”，对距离提问。 (2)hard/hardly hard “努力地，辛苦地”，“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。 hardly “几乎不”，是否定副词。 We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese. 作为中国人，我们应该努力学习汉语。 I can hardly see the words on the blackboard. 我几乎看不清黑板上的字。 (3)much too/too much much too“非常，极其，太”，much和too都是副词，much修饰too以加强语气，中心词是too，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。 too much“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词。too much与too many相对，但too many修饰可数名词。 You will become much too fat some day. 有一天你将会变得非常胖。 Don't eat any more，you have eaten too much. 不要再吃了，你已经吃太多了。 (4)too/also/either too 一般不用于否定句，常放在句尾。 also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。 either用于否定句，常放在句尾。 You are a student. I am a student, too. 你是学生。我也是学生。 They are also students. 他们也是学生。 You don't know the matter.I don't know, either. 你不知道这件事。我也不知道。 (5)too/enough/so too “太，很”，用于“too...to...”结构，表示否定意义“太……而不能……”。 enough “足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级＋enough to...”结构，表示“足够……能……”。 so “如此”，用于“so...that...”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 I'm too tired to go on the work. 我太累了而不能继续工作。 The girl is old enough to go to school. 这个女孩足够大能去上学了。 The lake is so deep that nobody dare to swim in it. 这个湖太深了以至于没人敢在里面游泳。 (6)already/yet already常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 I have already_ finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的家庭作业。 Have you finished your homework yet 你做完家庭作业了吗？ 【例题精讲】 1.When he heard a cry for help，he ran out as ________as he could. A.hardly B.quickly C.finally D.slowly 2.He said he would come to see us ________the next afternoon. A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times 3.Stay away from junk food，please! It's bad for us，________for children! A.recently B.especially C.probably D.nearly 4.—Did you find the small village yesterday —Yes, without any difficulty, for it has ________ changed over years. A.hardly B.greatly C.clearly D.nearly 5.They clapped and shouted ________ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground. A.hardly B.quietly C.excitedly D.angrily 6.—________ do you study for a test —I study by working with a group. A.Where B.How C.When D.Why 【巩固练习】 1.—________ will you have the meeting —Tomorrow morning. A.What B.Why C.When D.Where 2.—Were you often late for school last term, Tom —No, ________.I got to school early every day. A.always B.usually C.sometimes D.never 3.—I haven't seen Grace for a long time. —I haven't seen her, ________. A.other B.too C.either D.instead 4.—Have you ________ read the poem If —Yes.I really enjoy it. A.still B.ever C.yet D.never 5.—________ will it take you from your school to the library —About half an hour.So I'll be there by 9 o'clock. A.How far B.How soon C.How long D.How many 6.—________do you clean your room —Every day. A.How long B.How many C.How often D.How soon 【知识梳理4】 副词比较等级用法 (1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。请参见形容词比较等级用法。 (2)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not...as/so＋副词原级＋as”结构外，还可使用“less＋副词原级＋than”结构。 Bill didn't do his homework as carefully as Jim. ＝Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim. Bill做作业没有Jim认真。 (3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。 Lin Tao did best in English of all. 林涛的英语最好。 (4)不规则变化表 原　级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest
【例题精讲】 1.After practicing for several months, I can swim much ________now. A.slower B.slowest C.faster D.fastest 2.—Steve is good at writing short stories. —So he is.But he writes ________than us.So he can't get good grades in writing. A.most carefully B.more carefully C.less carefully D.least carefully 3.—We're doing a lot to protect our environment, but it is not good enough. —So we should try ________to look after it. A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.hardly 4.—It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures. —Right.That's what she likes to do ________. A.more B.less C.most D.least 5.Sometimes walking is even ________ than driving during the busy traffic time. A.fast B.faster C.slow D.slower 6.Study hard! ________ you study, ________ results you'll get. A.Harder; better B.The harder; better C.The harder; the better D.Harder; the better 【巩固练习】 1.This kind of plant is ______ seen in our city because it lives 4500m above sea level and is hard to find. A.commonly B.always C.seldom D.easily 2.We think Samuel is the most suitable person to be our monitor because he does everything very ____ (careful). 3. Last night the big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall was started by the children playing with matches. _______, on one was hurt. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Easily D. Sadly 4. —Would you like some green tea —No, thanks. I ________ drink green tea. It hurts my stomach. A. almost B. seldom C. only D. still 5.In the piano contest，my brother didn't play well and I did________. A.very well B.much better C.very good D.even worse 6.—Did Kate do best in the final exam —No, but of all the students she did________. A.the most careful B.more careful C.most carefully D.more carefully 【课堂练习】 单项选择 1. I got up____today. A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late 2.David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word. A. nearly B. hard C. ever D. hardly 3.I wonder______he lives. A.when B.where C.why D.how 4. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here. A. what B. where C. that D. which 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The Greens are ________(happy) to live in this_______(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place. 2. Dogs can help blind people walk across the street __________. (safe) 3.Here is a __________present for your birthday. (love) 4.He is not as ____________to us as his sister. (friend) 5.You ____________ helped me a lot. Thank you very much indeed. (real) 6.The little girl was so ____________ when she saw the traffic accident. (frighten) 7. Don’t feel __________(worry) about your child. The whole class would be ________(friend) to the new classmate. 8. The _________(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June. 9. It’s a ____________(please) trip for all of us. 10.It was an ________(amaze) match. It amazed us. 【课堂回顾】 1、形容词的用法：作定语、表语 副词的用法：修饰形容词、副词 表示频度的副词 修饰动词 2、形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词、副词比较等级的构成：单音节词、多音节词、不规则变化 形容词和副词的原级：as+原级+as not + so/as+原级+as 形容词、副词比较等级:比较级+than 比较级中的the 比较级+and+比较级 the+比较级, the+另一比较级 可修饰比较级的词 【课后作业】 一、单项选择 1. He worked___________, but he felt __________. A.hard; happy B.hardly; happily C.hard; happily D. hardly; happy 2. --- Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother --- Yes, it’s well worth ________. It’s ________ moving that I’ve seen it twice. A.seeing; too B.to see; enough C.seeing; so D.to see; such 3. --- What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang’s Crazy English ---I think it’s _______ , but someone thinks it’s much too ________. A.wonderful enough; bored B.enough wonderful; boring C.wonderful enough; boring D.enough wonderful; bored 4. Your shoes under the bed ___________________bad. Put them in the sun, please. A.smell terribly B.are smelt terribly C.smell terrible D.are smelt terrible 5.The book was written in _______ easy English _______ even primary school students could understand it. A.so; that B.such; that C too ; to D.very; that 6. --- Don't you know that Susan will go abroad for further study next year --- It's not ______because we all know it's her biggest dream. A.exciting B.surprising C.realistic D.available 7. --- The students sitting at the back can’t see the blackboard________. --- Why not_________ them move a little forward A.clear enough; let B.enough clear; letting C.clearly enough; let D.enough clearly; letting 8. --- Does Peter always finish his homework on time --- Yes, of course. He 　　　 leaves today’s work for tomorrow. A.also B.usually C.only D.hardly 9. ---The dish doesn’t taste as _______ as it used to be. It’s too salty. ---Sorry, sir. Maybe the cook put a little more salt. A.terrible B.terribly C.good D.well 10. ---How do you like our new teacher --- Very ______. He often says something new to make us laugh. A.imaginative B.humorous C.modest D.outgoing 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. 1 couldn't understand why he was so (interest) in the invitation. 2. He did the work very ( care). Everybody said he had done a good job. 3. We hope it will be (sun) tomorrow, for our picnic. 4. We don’t think their classroom is as ______(clean) as ours. 5. She asked us to take a _____ (care) look at everything in the lab. 6. The meat smells ______ (bad). Please take it away. 7. The wind is blowing _________ (strong). 8. How _______ (heavy) it is raining! 【课后预习】 同学们，你的数学学的如何，你是否会用英语来表达数目呢？