2024届中考英语二轮复习专题突破第7讲 简单句（无答案）

课程主题： 简单句
学习目标 根据句子的结构，简单句可分为5种，掌握五种句子结构； 根据句子的功能，简单句可分为4类，掌握四类简单句类型。
教学内容
【课前检测】 句型转换 1. The movie is very exciting.（改为感叹句） _________ ________ exciting movie ! 2. There is some milk in the bottle.（改为一般疑问句） _________ there ________ milk in the bottle 3. This T-shirt is seven dollars. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ is this T-shirt 4. The girl eats little to make herself slim.（对划线部分提问） _________ _________ the girl eat little 5. He did his homework last night. (改为否定句)
He __________ __________ his homework last night.
6. The kid is playing the piano at the school music club. (对划线部分提问)
__________ is the kid __________ the piano
7. He can play the guitar.（改为一般疑问句）
__________ he __________ the guitar
8. It’s ten forty now. （对画线部分提问）
__________ is it now
9. You can’t run in the hallways. （改为祈使句）
________ _________ in the hallways!
10. She wants to join the English club. ( 对画线部分提问 )
________ club_______ she want to join 11. I can sing English songs.(变一般疑问句)
__________ _________ sing English songs
12. She usually gets up at six. (就划线部分提问)
____________ __________ does she usually get up
13. Jack goes to school by bike. (就划线部分提问)
___________ __________ Jack go to school
14. Can Lily and Lucy swim (作否定回答)
___________, they ___________.
15. Your key is on the floor. （对划线部分提问）
___________ ___________ your key
【课堂导学】 请你仔细观察下面这幅图和所给的句子，判断一下，简单句包含哪几类呢？ 【知识点梳理】 感叹句 【知识梳理1】感叹句的含义和结构 感叹句是一种表示强烈情感的句子。通常可能表达高兴、愤怒、伤心、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏的情感。感叹句可 以是一个单词、一个短语，也可以是由what 和 how 引导的句子。句末常用感叹号。如： Amazing!/Wonderful!/ Cool! What a nice picture! How amazing they are! 【知识梳理2】感叹句结构 1. what 引导的感叹句：what后加一个名词或名词短语所构成的感叹句叫what感叹句。基本结构如下： （1）What + a / an +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+（主语+谓语+其他成分）！ 如：What a funny story he told me! 　 What an honest girl( she is)!　 （2）What +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+（主语+谓语+其他成分）！ 如：What brave soldiers they are in the war!　　 What beautiful flowers (they are)! （3）What +形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语+其他成分）！ 如：What fine weather (it is )today! What good news (it is)! 2. how 引导的感叹句：由how引导的感叹句就叫how感叹句。基本结构如下： （1）How + 形容词 / 副词+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！ 如：How tall Yao Ming is! How fast the dragonfly flies in the sky! （2）How + 形容词+ a / an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他成分！ 如：How exciting a football match it is! How kind an old man he is! 【例题精讲】 例1： — ______ fresh vegetables! — I myself grow them. Go to the balcony, you can see more. A.How B. What C. What a D. How a 例2： ---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake. ---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad 例3： ____nice the ice cream looks! I can't wait to taste it. A. How a B. How C. What a D. What 例4：—It is said that the scientists have found new ways to deal with AIDS. — wonderful news it is! How B. What a C. How a D. What 例 5：_____children Simon and Jim are! They help Mrs. Li clean the house every day. A.How nice B. How brave C. What nice D. What brave 例6：Listen! ______ wonderful news report Mr. Smith is giving! A. How B. What C. How a D. What a 例7：________ wonderful movie! We like it very much. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 例8：--- _______ great fun chatting with others online is! --- Really But it is bad for our eyes. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How 例9：— strong wind there is today! I’m afraid we’ll have to have the PE lesson indoors. — Oh, it’s a pity. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How 例10：_______ useful information it is for me! A. What an B. How a C. What D. How 例11：_______ good advice he gave me! A. What B. How a C. What a D. How 例12：_______ it is to go for a picnic on such a fine day! A. What a fun B. What fun C. How a fun D. How fun 例13：How _______ (容易) you will find it to use a mobile phone if you read the instruction carefully! 【巩固练习】 单项选择 1.--________beautiful day it is! Let’s go and have a picnic in the park. --Good idea! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 2.—Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. --______pleasant surprise this gave her classmates! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 3. _______ great man Huang Furong is! He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 4._______exciting sport it is to climb the mountains! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 5. -- __________ beautiful city! --Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year. A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 6. ____ good job she does! She is really a clever girl. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7.--________interesting talk Mr.Black gave us! --Yes. We all like it very much. A. How B. What a C. What an D. How a 8. –We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014. -Wow, ________! Will it pass our place
A. what an excited news B. how excited the news is C. what exciting news D. how exciting news 9. -Dad, do you like my picture -_________! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen! A. What beautiful B. How careful C. How wonderful D. What wonderful picture 10. –Look, ________ dirty the water is! -Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it. A. what a B. what C. how D. how a 祈使句 【知识梳理1】祈使句的定义 祈使句是用来发出命令、指示，或提出要求、建议和劝告的句子，表示的是说话者的情感和态度。祈使句的主语是第二人称，一般不表示出来，所以祈使句一般是以动词原形开头的。句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。如：Look at the blackboard, please! 【知识梳理2】祈使句的结构和用法 1. 肯定的祈使句 (1) 以动词原形开头的祈使句。如：Sit down please! Come in please! (2) 以be动词开头的祈使句。如：Be careful! Be quiet! (3) 以let开头的祈使句。如：Let’s go to school together. Let me try. 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) 以动词原形开头的祈使句, 否定在句首加上Don't。如：Don’t sit down! Don’t come in! (2) 以be动词开头的祈使句的否定也是在句首加上Don't。如： Don't be careless. Don’t be late again. (3) 以let开头的祈使句否定有两种。 ① 在句首加Don’t。如： Don't let them play with fire. ② 使用“ Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形”的结构。如：Let’s not play basketball. 有时可以借助“No+动词ing” 形式或never来构成祈使句的否定句。如： No parking! Never tell lies! 3. 祈使句的其他表达法 (1) 名词构成祈使句。如： Attention! Hands up! 介词短语构成祈使句。如： After you! 副词构成祈使句。如： Quickly! 【知识梳理3】祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：
--- Don’t take photos here. Look at the sign! It means ‘No photos’.
--- Sorry, I won’t. 【知识梳理4】祈使句与陈述句、条件状从的连用　　 祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。如：
　　Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.　把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
　　Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。 【例题精讲】 例1: Boys and girls, ________ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp. A. putting B. to put C. put D. puts 例2: “_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health.” Father said. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes 例3: _________ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried 例4: Ssh! ________ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now. A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 例5: Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _______ A. shall we B. will you C. won’t you D. do you 例6: ----Don't forget to close the door when you leave the classroom. -----____________. A,Yes, I do B.Yes, I will C.No, I don’t D. No, I won’t 例7:______ tell a lie. A. Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never 【巩固练习】 单项选择 1. The TV is too loud. Please________. A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it 2. _______ late again, Bill! A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not 3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't 4. Please help me carry it, ______ A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we 5. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing There be句型 【知识梳理1】there be结构的主谓一致 在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如： There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。 比较： There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。 There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk. 【例题精讲】 单项选择 1. There _____ no tea in the cup. A. is B. are C. has D. be 2. There ____ in the next room. A. is some boys B. are some boys C. are any boys D. is any boys 3. There is some ______on the plate. A. apple B. bread C. banana D. sandwich 4. There ______some paper and a pen on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 5. There a table, two computers and three chairs in the room. A. have B. has C. is D. are 6. _____any flowers on both sides of the street A. Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have 7. There _____ not any water in the glass. A. has B. is C. are D. have 8. _______ is there on the table A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads D. How many food 9. There isn’t ______ paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me A. any B. some C. a D. an 10. There ______some water in the bottle. A. are B. is C. has D. have 【知识梳理2】there be结构的时态 there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday. 昨天运动场举行了一场运动会。 There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. 星期一将有一场新电影放。 There have been a lot of changes here in Nanjing. 南京已经发生很大的改变了。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 一定在什么地方有错误。 【巩固练习】 单项选择 1. How many ______are there in your classroom A. desks B. desk C. chair D. door 2. There ______something wrong with my car. A. are B. has C. is D. have 3. There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday. A. was B. will be C. will have D. are going to be 4. There _____ a football game in our school this afternoon. A. has B. will have C. will be D. have 5. There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening. A. have; on B. be; on C. have; for D. be; of 6. There is _____ food here. We’ll have to buy some. A. any B. some C. no D. few 7. There are _____ days in a week. A. the seven B. seventh C. the seventh D. seven 8. Look!There are some _____ on the floor. A. child B. water C. boxes D. girl 9. There is _____ in the bag. It’s empty. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. somebody 10. There is _____ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 特殊疑问句 【知识梳理1】特殊疑问词及其含义 疑问句意思用法例句划线举例when什么时间问时间When do you go to Beijing I read the book two years ago.who谁问人Who is that woman Li Hui is our monitor.whose谁的问主人Whose book is this Julia's father is a worker.where在哪里问地点Where is the cinema They are singing in the tree.which哪一个问选择Which bag is yours The boy in blue is my cousin.why为什么问原因Why are you so excited Because she likes dogs.what什么问东西/事情What can you see He does his homework at night..what time什么时间问点时间What time is it now She begins her classes at nine.what/how about ….怎么样问意见What/how about you She likes singing. ____ _____you what day星期几问星期What day is it today Today is Sunday.what date什么日期问具体日期What’s the date today Tomorrow is July 31.how怎么样问情况/程度/方式/手段How do you feel She goes to school on foot. He likes English very much.how old(年龄)多大问年龄How old are you She is ten years old.how long/多长/问长度/一段时间How long is your ruler The river is 15 miles. The meeting lasted for two hours.how big(体积)多大问大小How big is the elephant My room is 25 square metres.how many多少（数量）问数量 可数How many pencils do you have There are three people in my family.how much多少（价钱） 多少（数量）问价钱 问数量 不可数 How much is your shirt My shirt is 10 dollars. There is little milk in the bottle.how far多远问路程How far is your school It's about five minutes walk.how fast多快问速度How fast can he skateboard. She can run 10 miles an hour.How often多久一次问频率How often does he go jogging He goes bowling twice a week.How soon 还要多久问时间How soon will you finish your work Julia will come back in three days.
【例题精讲】 单项选择 1. ---Excuse me ______ is the nearest bookshop ---Go down the street and turn left A. how B. what C. where D. who 2. ---______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He ---About forty yuan. A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often 3. --________ are you going ---I’m going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where 4. ---_______________ ----It’s eight. A. What day is it B. What’s five and three C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number 5. ---____________ ---I’ve got a headache and a cough. A. What’s the matter with you B. What’s wrong with it C. Can I help you D. How are you 6. ---______ tea did you have ---Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which 7. --______ a year does your school have sports meetings --- Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times 8. -- ______ -----The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl 9. ---______ are you going to be in the future ---I want to be a person _____ Yang Liwei. A. How, like B. How, as C. What, like D. What, as 10. ______ will your father be back A. How long B. how often C. How soon D. How wide 五种句子结构 【知识梳理1】简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：
1. S十V主谓结构 主语 ＋ 谓语 如：He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。
2. S十V十P主系表结构 主语 ＋ 连系动词 ＋表语 如：Your watch looks very nice. 3. S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋宾语 如：She often helps him.
4. S十V十IO十DO 主谓双宾结构 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 如：Please give me a few apples.
5. S十V十DO十OC 主谓宾补结构 主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语 如：At first I found Chinese quite hard. 【例题精讲】 1.Which of the following sentences has the same structure as ‘Nobody was hurt.’ A.I saw a house on fire. B. I felt very worried. C.I called 119 at once. D.The firemen came quickly. 2.The sentence structure of “The little girl is singing and dancing." is _________. A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+DO+OC 3. In the sentence ‘Kitty gives Simon some books’, the underlined part is ____. A. P B. OC C. IO D. DO 4.What’s the sentence structure of the sentence “We often hear Simon sing English songs” A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+DO+IO 5. ---What do we call these animals ---We call them giraffes. The structure of the underlined sentence is __________. A.S+V B.S+V+DO C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC 【巩固练习】 判断下列句子结构 1.The flower smells good. _________________________ 2.My good friend told me a story. _________________________
3. Tom lent me a pencil. _________________________ 4. Tom noticed two dogs fight. _________________________
5. He is working now. _________________________ 6 .She wanted some help. _________________________ 7.Daniel watches TV every evening. _________________________ 8.I do my homework every day. _________________________ 9.She likes milk. _________________________ 10.Amy likes playing computer games. _________________________ 【课堂练习】 单项选择 1. ---The 11th National Games will be held in Shandong in October, 2009. ---________ exciting news! A. How B. What C. How an D. What an 2. ---Listen! Our music teacher is playing the music of Two Butterflies. ---________! A. What a sweet music B. How sweet music C. How a sweet music D. What sweet music 3. ________ interesting book it is! I want to read it again. A. What an B. How an C. What D. How 4. ---All of you have passed the test! ---________ pleasant news you have told us! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 5. ---Liu Qian made Dong Qing’s ring enter an egg. ---________ strange it was! A. How B. What a C. What D. How a 6. Mary got good grades in school. ________ excited she is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 7. –Here is a ticket to the magic show, Jason. -Wow! _______ gift it is! It’s my favourite. A. What a delicious B. What a nice C. How nice D. How delicious 8. ________ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 9. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 10. Jack, ________, or you will get heavier. A. doesn’t play sports any more B. doesn’t eat so much meat C. don’t play sports any more D. don’t eat so much meat 11. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. haven’t 12. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. don’t close D. is closing 13. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking 14. ---Is there _____ wrong with me, doctor ---I’m afraid so. Your heart is beating a bit too slow. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 15. There is _____ interesting on this channel. Try others. A. nothing B. none C. anything D. no 16. There is _____ interesting in the film，so _____ is interested in it. A. Something;nobody B. nothing;somebody C. anything;anybody D. nothing;nobody 17. There will be a volleyball match in our school, _____ A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won’t there 18. There is someone at the door, A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t he D. is it 19. There are a lot of people _______for the bus to come. A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. is waiting 20. ---Did you hear about the fire down the street ---There ______a lot of news about it on TV last night. A. was B. had C. is D. were 21. ---Nanjing will be sunny tomorrow. Its temperature will stay between fourteen and twenty. ---_________ weather it is! We can go hiking to Niushou Hill. A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad 22. --- crowded Jiming Temple Road is at weekends! ---Yes. Large numbers of people gather there to enjoy the beauty of sakura. A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 23. --- weather! It has rained the whole afternoon. ---I’ve heard it will not stop until the next few days. A. What a bad B. What bad C. How bad D. How bad a 【课堂回顾】 【课后作业】 一、感叹句练习 1. — Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou — Of course! ____________beautiful lanterns! A. What B. How C. What a国教& D. How a &~D育出#*版网] 2. “_______ delicious the ice cream is! Could you give me one more ” “Sure.” A. What B. How C. What a D. How a & 3. _______an exciting basketball match! Miami Heat beat New York Knicks at last. A.How B.What C.That D.So 4. ______ good advice the teacher gave me![w*&step.^com] A. How B. What C. What a D. How a &源:中*国教育%^出&%网] 5. —Did you enjoy the party last night [%^*z~step.co#m] —Very much. wonderful the party was![来@源:中*&国%教育#出版网] A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 6. —_____ fine day! Shall we go for a walk —That sounds great![来@源*:中教&%网^] A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. —Listen! Someone is playing ______ piano. —Wow! ______beautiful music! I like it very much A. a; what B. an; How C. the; What D. /; How 8. —______ hard Tony is working! —Yes. We should learn from him. What B. How C. What a D. How a 9. —This math problem is so difficult that only she can work it out. —_____ clever the girl is! A. How B. What a C. What D. How a 10. —______ weather! It’s raining! —Bad luck! We can’t go climbing today. A. What bad B. How bad C. What fine D. How fine 11. --______________ nice dress it is ! --- Thank you! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 12. excellent basketball player Jeremy Lin (林书豪)is! I really love this talented guy. A. How B. What C. How a D. What an 13. _________happily the children are flying kites! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 二、祈使句练习 1. Let’s discuss it after the meeting, _________ A. will you B. don’t we C won’t you D. shall we 2. _____worried about me, Mom. I’ve grown up. A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Not D. Not be 3. ______ more, and you’ll improve your spoken English. A. Speak B. Speaks C. Speaking D. To speak 4.Her doctor said: “________ work so hard” A. Stop B.Don’t C. Can’t D. No 5.Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock A. is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure 6. ________him the secret, will you A. Don’t tell B. Not to tell C. Not telling D. No telling 7. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes. A. Not to read B. Don’t read C. Don’t to read D. Not read 8. ---I’m leaving now. ---_____you turn off the lights. A. To make sure B. Make sure C. Made sure D.Making sure 9. John, read the text for us,________ A. does he B. will he C. do you D. will you 10. Let us do it at once, ________ A .shall we B.will you C .do we D. do you 预习思考