2024届中考英语二轮复习专题突破第9讲 宾语从句（无答案）

课程主题：宾语从句
学习目标 1.掌握由连接代词，连接副词及that,it,whether等引导的宾语从句的结构及其用法; 2.掌握宾语从句的时态，注意主句、从句时态的呼应; 3.掌握宾语从句的语序，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。
教学内容
【课前检测】 ( )1. ---There will be a concert this evening. But I don't know___________. ---By underground. It takes less time. A. where it will be held B. how can I go C. where will it be held D. how I can go ( )2. Mom, have you seen my toy bear I don't know___________I have left it. A. why B. when C. how D. where ( )3. ---Could you please tell me__________Readers，a TV program hosted by Dong Qing ---Well, it is fun and teaches us a lot of knowledge. A. how do people like B. how people liked C. why do many people like D. why many people like ( )4. ---I've just received a WeChat message-"ttyl". Do you know__________ ---It stands for "talk to you later". A. how does it mean B. how it means C. what does it mean D. what it means ( )5. ---Do you know___________the Belt and Road Forum(一带一路高峰论坛)began ---On May 14th, 2017. A. that B. when C. if D. where ( )6. ---Helen, could you tell me___________living in the countryside ---Perhaps next weekend. A. why you will visit your granny B. when will you visit your granny C. when you will visit your granny D. why will you visit your granny ( )7. Today is Father's Day. I'm thinking about______________. A. what present I gave my father B. if I planned a party for my father C. how I can give my father a surprise D. where will my father and I have a big meal ( )8. ---Excuse me, could you tell me____________ ---Well, there's one on your left. A. when the bank opens B. where the bank is C. how far is the bank D. how can I get to the bank ( )9. ---How is your May Day Holiday, John ---Not bad. You seem so happy. Could you tell me___________ A. what place you have been to B. if you visit your grandparents C. who did you spend the holiday with D. that you watched a football match ( )10. We haven't decided yet___________we will place our new furniture. A. where B. what C. why D. which 【课堂导学】 宾语从句你了解多少呢？ 【知识点梳理】 【知识梳理1】 一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语　　 作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语: 　　He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 　　主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词　---个句子作介词的宾语 二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 （1）连词：　 He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. 　　I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. 　　Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. Attention：宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect ,imagine, guess等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中that不能省略 1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第---个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better. 2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that---般不可省。
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
I can’t tell him that his mother died. 4.当it作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him. 许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 5.当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win, I believe. 6.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 当由---般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether ／if he will come or not.（＝Let me know whether or not he will come.）让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not .（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing.）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 ④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为： 　 a．Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 　　b．If you like the book，please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 只能用if不能用whether引导的从句 1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday. 3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
He talks as if he has known all about it. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 （2）连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词---般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 （3）连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 批注：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是---般将来时时，其时态用---般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： 　　—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ 　　—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 　　—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 　　—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。 【例题精讲】 1.I don’t know ___________or not.
A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home
C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home
2. This depends on _________ the weather is fine.
A. which B. whether C. if D. that
3. The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. if D. that
4. I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
5.--- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said David
--- Yes, Mum
A. what B. that C. why D. if
6.There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____.
A. what should I choose B. which I should choose
C. which should I choose D. what I should choose 【巩固练习】 1. ---Do you know___________ Ann goes to work every day ---Usually by underground. A. why B. how C. when D. whether 2. ---Do you know___________ ---Yes, of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. how will be the 2022 Winter Olympics B. which city will host the 2022 Winter Olympics C. when will be the next Winter Olympics D. where will be the next Winter Olympics 3. Could you please tell me ___________ A. how can I make the machine work B. how I can make the machine to work C. how I can make the machine work D. how can I make the machine to work 4. ---Could you tell me____________ ---Look! He is playing volleyball over there. A. what is Tom doing B. how Tom did it C. where Tom is D. why Tom is doing it 5. ---Excuse me, can you tell me ___________ ---Sorry, I am too busy now. Why not search the Internet for information A. how does smog(雾霾)come into being B. where the national space station lies C. why are tigers becoming fewer now D. how many years did the Qin empire last 6. ---Do you know __________ yesterday ---Yes. He went for the boat race. A. why didn't Peter go to school B. why doesn't Peter go to school C. why Peter didn't go to school D. why Peter doesn't go to school 7. I don't know__________ . A. what the population of Tianshui is B. what is the population of Tianshui C. how much is the population of Tianshui D. how many the population in Tianshui are 8. ---Excuse me, how long will it take me to get to the post office ---Well, it depends on ___________ . A. how you will get there B. when you will get there C. where you will get D. how will you get there 【知识梳理2】 宾语从句的时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1）如果主句的谓语动词是---般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： 　　I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。 　　He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用相应的过去时态即---般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某---种形式。如： 　　①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 ②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 ---般现在时---般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时---般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）---般将来时过去将来时
批注：注意如果主句中出现could you/would you, 要提醒学生这些不是过去时，而只是表示委婉语气，用法视为---般现在时，所以从句依具体时态而定。 3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用---般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。 【例题精讲】 1.It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you______ cooking dinner yet, Sally.
A.haven’t started B.didn’t C.don’t start D.hadn’t started
2.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
3.The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun.
A. goes B. go C. went D. will go
4.We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass
5. “Could you tell me______ ” “Yes. They _______to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been B.where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone D.where the twins were, have gone
6. Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week.
A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys
7. I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday.
A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone 【巩固练习】 1.I can’t understand _________the boy alone. A.why she left B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left 2.—Do you know_________ I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know. A.where does Mr Li live B.where did Mr Li live C.where Mr Li lives D.where Mr Li lived 3.she didn’t tell me what __________. A. is her name B. her name was C. was her named D.her name is 4. When I was young, my grandfather told me that the moon _______ around the earth. A.goes B.to go C.went D.had gone 5. The teacher told us that light_________ much faster than sound. A. travels B. travelled C. was D.will be 【知识梳理3】 宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who,what,which等。 Could you tell me who knows the answer, please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西. 2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如： 　He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 　The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m）, what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： 　　He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 　　Could you tell me what I should do with the money 你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what, which, how many, how much, how等。如： 　　Do you know which class he is in 你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 批注：如果what’s wrong / what’s the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。 e.g. I want to know what’s wrong with you. She doesn’t know what’s the matter with him. Jack didn’t know what happened. I want to know what’s on the desk. 【例题精讲】 1.Did you find out ______
A.she was looking for whose child B.whose child was she looking for
C.whose child she is looking for D.whose child she was looking for
2.Are you interested in _____
A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it
3.I don’t know _____. Can you tell me
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
4. --- What did the scientist say
--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day.
A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly
5.Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____
A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where
6.She asked Tom ________ with his car
A. what the matter was B. what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 【巩固练习】 1.Could you tell me __________ A.where does Li Lei work B.where did LiLei work C.where LiLei works D.where LiLei worked 2.I don’t know________ at that moment A.how far is it B.what he is doing C.when did she go D.where you went 3.Do you know __________ from Wuhan to Xi’an A.how far it is B.how far is it C.how long it is D.how long is it 4.I don't know__________. A.which room I can live B.which room can I live C.which room I can live in D.which room can I live in 5.—I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. — Do you know___________ A.what subject does he teach B.What subject will he teach C.what subject is he going to teach D.What subject he teaches 6.Could you tell me __________ A.which bus are they waiting for B.they’re waiting for which bus C.which bus they are waiting D.which bus they are waiting for 【知识梳理4】 宾语从句的简化 　　同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法： 方法---：当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语---致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语---致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语---致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station →Could you tell me how to get to the station 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不---致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有---些特殊句式的转化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy 【例题精讲】 句型转换。 1. “Do you want to try it ” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句) Tom's mother asked him __________ __________ __________ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I __________ ___________ this ___________ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） Lucy hasn't decided ___________ ____________ ___________ __________ buy. 4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I don't know ___________ ___________ ___________ to the hospital. 5. I don’t suppose they will come, __________ __________ (改为反意疑问句) 【巩固练习】 1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said ______ these flowers ______ from Guangdong. 2.Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4.Can they speak French I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5.Are the children playing games Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6.Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7.How many people can you see in the picture Who knows Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture 8.Where did she park her car Do you know Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car 9.What does he often talk about The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 【课堂练习】 1.---I don't know__________. Can you give me some advice ---How about Mo Yan's He is famous now. A.whose novel I should buy B.whose novel should I buy C.where I can buy the novel D.where can I buy the novel 2.---Excuse me, do you know ___________ this weekend ---It closes at 9:00 p. m. A.when does the library close B.when will the library close C.when the library closes D.when the library closed 3.---What did Paul say to you just now, John ---He asked __________ . A.if I could go to the movie with him this evening B.where I go today C.who did I go shopping with yesterday D.when my brother will come back 4.I just want to know __________ . A.why he likes computer games so much B.why does he like computer games so much C.why will he like computer games so much D.why he like computer games so much 5.---Could you please tell me ________ tomorrow ---At 8 o'clock. A.how will she start B.how she will start C.what time she will start D.what time will she start 6.---Could you tell me ________to London ---Sure. Next month. A.when will you travel B.when would you travel C.when you will travel D.when you travel 7.The doorbell is ringing. Please go and see ___________. A.who is it B.who it is C.who was it D.who it was 8.---I want to know________ . ---Because he has to look after his little sister. A.why he is leaving B.why is he leaving C.whether he is leaving D.whether is he leaving 9.Can you tell me _______ his new car A.where did Mike buy B.where bought Mike C.where Mike buy D.where Mike bought 10.I wondered ___________ . A.where had he gone B.where he had gone C.how had he been D.how he had been 【课堂回顾】 知识收获 1.宾语从句的三要素是什么？ 2.宾语从句中if和whether的用法有何差异？ 3.宾语从句有哪些句式变换？ 二、 方法总结 对于宾语从句，务必要掌握其三要素，即：时态、语序和引导词 做题时首先判断该句是否是宾语从句； 其次，确定宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序； 再次，确定时态，主要根据主句时态，来选择从句的相应时态； 最后，翻译句意，确定引导词，根据含义来选择引导词。 三、 技巧提炼 对于单项选择题，考查宾语从句时不是只考查---个知识点，---般情况下会同时考查三要素，因而在做题时，可根据---个知识点，排除---些选项，适当运用排除法快速选出答案。但对于特殊疑问词作主语时语序仍为疑问句语序，从句是客观事实和真理时从句时态用---般现在时，不受主句时态影响。 【课后作业】 1.— The light in his office is still on. Do you know _________ — In order to prepare for tomorrow’s meeting. if he works hard why he stays up so late why is he so busy D. when he will stop working 2. —What did your teacher say this morning —She told us ________. A. why was Tom late for school again B. whether we had too much homework C. how she did come to school this morning D. that we would have a test soon 3. — Could you please tell me________ — They’re over there. A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restrooms C. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were 4.— Can you tell me _________ this morning — Sorry, I’ve no idea. A. why didn’t Daming come to school B. why Daming didn’t come to school C. why doesn’t Daming come to school D. why Daming doesn’t come to school 5. Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow________. A. what they say B. what they said C. which they say D. which they said 预习思考 日常生后中，你用怎么跟别人用英语交流呢？