2024届中考英语二轮复习专题突破第13讲 任务型阅读（无答案）

课程主题： 任务型阅读
学习目标 1、掌握任务型阅读的解题思路和技巧； 2、学会对任务型阅读进行综合运用。
教学内容
【课前检测】 建议5min Claude Monet's paintings were quite different from the art styles that were popular in the 1870s France. Traditional artists always did their artwork in a studio and their paintings were realistic-they looked exactly like the real world. Claude Monet was part of a group of painters who were called Impressionists(印象派画家). Their paintings were light and a bit fuzzy-they gave an impression of what the real world looked like. Sometimes Impressionists worked outside, which was a very unusual thought in their time. Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled impression, Sunrise. Knowing that trains were interesting subjects and represented modern progress, Claude Monet crated a series of Impressionist paintings of trains from January to March of 1877. He worked on his paintings right on the train platform at the Gare Saint-Lazare, the train station on Saint Lazare Street. Although there were many train stations in Paris, this was the first train station built in Paris so it had historical significance(意义). Monet’s friend, Impressionist painter Pierre Auguste Renoir, told the following story to his sons about Claude Monet and painting the trains. Monet needed permission(允许)to spend time on the train platform and paint what he saw in his impressionistic style. One day Monet dressed himself in his very best suit along with a fine top hat, a good linen shirt and a silk tie. He appeared to be a wealthy gentleman while he really was a poor painter. When he went towards the clerk at the train office, he presented his calling card which introduced him as Claude Monet, Painter. He asked to see the station master. The clerk quickly allowed this fine gentleman to enter the station master's office. The station master was also impressed and gave Monet permission to paint on the train platform. The station master even kept trains from leaving on time so Monet could complete a scene even though passengers complained. Claude Monet Introduction◆Claude Monet was one of the Impressionist painters whose paintings were not the (1) as the popular art styles in the 1870s France. ◆Impressionist paintings gave an impression of (2) the real world looked. ◆He helped Impressionism get its (3) by his painting Impression, Sunrise.A (4) of painting trains◆At that time trains were subjects that could keep people’s (5)______and represented modern progress. ◆He created paintings of trains (6) ____January and March in 1877, at the train station with the longest (7)______in Paris. ◆He dressed himself as a wealthy gentleman to win the station master’s (8)______. ◆In order to help Monet complete a scene, the station master even made trains leave (9) _____ than they should do.Result◆His train scenes made not only his career (10)_______but also the train station famous.
【课前检测】 【课堂导学】 建议10min 【知识点梳理】 建议70min 【知识梳理1】任务型阅读考情解析 201620172018信息查找题322信息转换题655信息概括题133
任务型阅读出题方向多以信息转换题为主，兼具信息查找题与信息概括题。 2016年 任务型阅读是一篇典型的文化类说明文，从孩子的角度出发，说明不同国家午餐习惯和不同食物。题目难度适中，10题中有3题可以在文章直接找到答案，4题形式的转换（包括同义词、同义词组、反义词、主被动），2题句型的转换，还有1题的概括类。考生只要细心定位，注意形式转化，即可做出答案。 2017年 任务型阅读是说明文，主要介绍了英国的国家公园与其他国家公园的异同点，游客去英国国家公园的原因以及国家公园中存在的问题。这篇任务型阅读主要考查了三类题型：一类是原词重现，考查了2题；一类是信息转换（包括同义词、同义词组、反义词、主被动），考查了5题；最后一类是归纳概括，考查了3题。出题的特点是先难后易。考生只要细心定位，注意形式转化，即可做出答案。注意：名词注意单复数、大小写；动词注意时态语态、非谓语；形容词副词注意比较级、最高级。 2018年 任务型阅读设置合理，试题不难、不偏、不怪，没有超出学生的知识和能力范围的内容。 任务型阅读整体难度适中，原文直接摘抄部分有2处，另外5题词形转换，剩余3题是概括题。 描述了法国印象派画家克劳德·莫奈以及他在在法国巴黎圣拉扎尔火车站的趣闻轶事。此种题型为填空式任务型阅读。 【知识梳理2】任务型阅读解题策略 一、 明确阅读任务 任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料，在材料后的表格中设置10个空格，做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性地去读，并能提高阅读效率。 二、 读全文，了解大意 明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调、作者的意图、态度倾向。在材料后的问题设置中，经常有对文章大意的考查。对于概括大意的题目，需要通篇考虑，对要点加以归纳概括，这类题目有时可以从文中找到答案，但有时需要用自己来概括。这类题，属于难度较大的题，对文章还得再读一读，才能总结出来。 三、 读细节，逐题攻克 (1) 寻找细节，从原文中找答案 在经过第二步泛读全文之后，对于材料后面问题的细节考查题，在文章中所处的大体位置有所了解。然后就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，跳读的目的就是为细节寻找答案。如阅读填空或填表题，这种题目要求学生通过阅读材料，获取相关信息，以填写词语或补全句子的方式完成表格或图表。还有一些题目是对文章细节的直接设问，答案通常可以从原文中找到。 (2) 精读细节，理解深层含义 任务型阅读，也是阅读理解的一种题型，不仅考查学生直接获取信息的能力，还考查学生通过已知信息进行推理，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。因此，这就要求考生要具备通过已知信息进行判断推理能力和透过字面意思解读深层含义能力，这一类题在阅读测试中属于难度较大的题目。在做这一类型的题目时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，捕捉文章中有关的信息，精读特定细节及周围的句子来帮助理解。做这一类型的题时，还需注意：① 把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，立足原文，推断未知。不能主观臆造，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。② 在理解全文的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉一些线索，对文章的表面意思进行挖掘加工，悟出作者的深层含义或弦外之音。 四、 通读全文，仔细检查 在完成所有任务后，同学们还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，同时还应检查一下书写的规范性及句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等，这是答题的最后一步，同样也很关键。因此，同学们平时应养成做完题后仔细检查的好习惯。 总之，同学们要想出色地完成任务型阅读题，不仅需要在考场上运用各种解题技巧，而且还需要在平时课内外加大阅读的训练量、扩充词汇量。要知道：理解能力的提高绝非一日之功。 【知识梳理3】技巧点拨 一、信息查找题，原词不变 解题思路：此类题属于细节题，以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。解题关键一根据问题句子查找定位信息，常用方法一带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。 【例题精讲】 2017南京鼓楼区一模 原文：The ostrich is a unique（独特的）looking animal. It has long skinny legs, a big body with small wings, a long neck, and a dangerous long beak（喙）. 题目：Looks: It has long legs, a big body with small wings, a long ______, and a long beak. 2017南京玄武区一模 原文：The hardest thing in the world is saying yes to the world. 题目：Title : Talk to the World with a _______ 2017南京联合体一模 原文：Secondly, be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. 题目：________ enough breaks during summer exercise. 2017南京江宁区一模 原文：Some people like working at night when the house is quiet, while others like doing their work early in the morning. 题目：Some people like working on a ________ night, while others like doing their work early in the morning. 【巩固练习】 2018鼓楼一模 原文：After he left, David’s head was filled with all the questions his nephew had asked. David Adler wrote a story using all those thoughts. 题目：His nephew’s ________ helped him write a story. 2018鼓楼一模 原文： His first story was going to become a book! It was called A Little At A Time. 题目：His ________ book called A Little At A Time was published. 2018鼓楼一模 原文： One day, David took notes of all the things that he needed each time he took the baby outside. That thought inspired (激发) him to write a mystery book. 题目：The ________ which he took while caring for his son inspired him to write a mystery book. 2018溧水一模 原文： They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. 题目：Use native plants because they are more used and may attract ________. 2018溧水一模 原文：You don't need to be an environmental engineer to create a rain garden. Just start by building smaller rain gardens in your yards. 题目：To create such a garden, you needn’t be an environmental ________ . Just start by building small ones in your yards. 二、 信息转换，间接获取答案型 解题关键：此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些 信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终答案，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确答案。 常见的转换方式： (1)词性转换 名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化； 在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为： 1）名词变为形容词： ★加y: 直接加y: health---healthy; rain---rainy;luck-lucky 双写末尾字母加y: sun---sunny; fog---foggy 去e加y: noise---noisy ★加ful或者less: hope---hopeful/hopeless;meaning---meaningful/meaningless;wonder---wonderful; cheer---cheerful; colour--colouful; cheer---cheerful; success---successful; end---endless; harm---harmful/harmless 2）形容词变为副词： ★直接加ly: careful---carefully; beautiful---beautifully; bad---badly; excited---excitedly ★以y结尾将y变为ily: angry---angrily; heavy---heavily; noisy---noisily; happy---happily ★以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable---comfortably; possible---possibly; simple---simply ★去e加ly: true---truly 3）动词/形容词变为名词： ★加ment: agree—agreement; treat---treatment; advertise---advertisement; punish---punishment;improve---improvement; develop---development ★加ion: collect---collection; donate---donation; educate---education; organize---organization; invent---invention ★加ness: rich---richness; kind---kindness; ill---illness; ugly---ugliness; sick---sickness; sad--sadness ★加er work---worker drive---driver write---writer ★加or visit---visitor invent---inventor ★加ist tour---tourist science---science art---artist 其他：silent---silence; difficult---difficulty; different---difference; possible---possibility; complain---complaint; choose---choice; die---death; lose---loss 4）动词变为形容词： ★加ed/ ing: surprise---surprising/surprised;excite---exciting/excited;tire---tiring/tired;please---pleasing(pleasant)/pleased; relax---relaxing/relaxed 【例题精讲】 2017南京溧水区一模 原文：In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. 题目：In some Latin American countries : Girls have a party to their birthday when they are 15. 2017南京秦淮区一模 原文：Mobile phones include some materials like lead, mercury and cadmium. They can go into public drinking water and food and do harm to people’s health. 题目：Some materials, such as lead, mercury and cadmium in the mobile phones are _______ to people’s health. 2017南京玄武区一模 原文：We express belief in ourselves, and the world, and we also express a willingness to learn from whatever happens to us, rather than running and hiding when we don’t like what we see. 题目：We are________ to learn from whatever happens to us. 2017南京联合体一模 原文：As long as you pay attention to the above, playing sports safely in the heat isn’t a difficult thing. 题目：The more you pay attention to the above, the _______ you will be while playing outside in the heat! 【巩固练习】 2018溧水一模 原文： Rain gardens smartly used rain and storm water by temporarily(暂时) holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(渗透) slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply. 题目：Rain gardens use rain in _______ ways. 2018联合体一模 原文： There’s even a National Vegetarian Week organized every year to encourage people to try a meat-free lifestyle. 题目：The government ________ a National Vegetarian Week every year to encourage people to stop eating meat. 2018联合体一模 原文：Worries about food safety, for example mad cow disease, also play a part. 题目：Some people are ________ about food safety. They don’t think the meat they eat are safe enough. 2018玄武一模 原文：Certain foods that include something special like fresh peach, dark chocolate can make you feel happier. 题目：Any food, __________something special can cheer you up. 2018玄武一模 原文：But the cycle of sadness must be broken so you can get back to your normal life, and this is a very easy way to start. 题目：Watching a comedy can help you ________ the cycle of sadness. (2)词意转换 词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换； 初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的： 1) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词： ★一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary---unnecessary; welcome---unwelcome; comfortable---uncomfortable ★几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; im等： e.g.: 加in-: active---inactive; correct---incorrect 加im-: possible---impossible; patient---impatient; polite---impolite 2) 常见的反义词： cheap---expensive; long---short; same---different; hot---cold; happy---sad; fast---slow; easy---difficult/hard; generous---selfish; modest---proud; strong---weak; hardworking---lazy; clever---silly; remember---forget 3) 常见的同义词： happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wish; go on= continue; by oneself= alone= on one’s own; return=go back to; over= end 【例题精讲】 2017南京玄武区一模 原文： Saying yes to life might be difficult at first, and even painful at times, but if we continue to say yes to life, it will be far less difficult in the end. 题目：For us all, it will be much ________ to say yes to life if we keep doing so. 2017南京联合体一模 原文：Last but not least, you should watch your food. Eat food which is high in water, starch(淀粉) and carbohydrate(糖类), but be sure to get a good balance in your diet. 题目：Be ________ with your food and have a balanced diet. 2017南京建邺区一模 原文：It’s called the Kolibree toothbrush. It has different models, and will cost from $99 to $200. 题目：The cost will _______ on models and will be from $99 to $200. 【巩固练习】 2018玄武一模 原文：People will smile back, and that will make you feel happier. 题目：Smile to others, then they will smile to you in _______. 2018玄武一模 原文：If the results are positive, then try another. 题目：If the results are positive, then try one _________. 2018秦淮一模 原文：I feel really happy to go on sharing happiness with other people by short videos, said Elsa. 题目：Elsa feels happy to_________sharing videos with others. 2018溧水一模 原文：This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes(蚊子) to breed(繁殖). 题目： They _________mosquitoes from breeding. 2018鼓楼一模 原文：David, the dreamer, grew up and became a teacher. He didn’t stop dreaming, though. 题目：He__________ dreaming as before. (3)句子结构转换 语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。 It’s + adj. of sb. to do …= 主语+ be + too + adj + to do sth =so … that …/…adj. enough to do … It’s + adj. 比较级than …= it’s adj. 最高级 of /in … 主动语态与被动语态相互转换 It takes sb. + 时间+to do = sb spend + 时间+on/ doing sth = sb devote + 时间+to doing sth If…not与unless 句型转换 because与so, although 与 but 相互转换的句型 provide sb.with sth, provide sth for sb, offer sb sth, offer sth to sb , give sb sth , give sth to sb. 主语+ be + 形容词 (important/valuable/helpful)= 主语+ be + of + 名词(importance/value/help) would rather do sth than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做…… prepare to do sth = get ready to do sth 准备好做…… 【例题精讲】 2017南京秦淮区一模 原文：Not long ago, mobile phones were used mainly by business people and government officers in society. In the US, mobile phone users were about 340,000 in 1985. Now there are 205 million mobile phone users in the US. 题目：Compared with the condition in 1985, there are________mobile phone users at present. 2017南京联合体一模 原文：Thirdly, when you have a break, don’t sit in the sun. 题目：________sitting in the sun when you have a rest. 2017南京秦淮区一模 原文： If all of the waste phones in the US are recycled, it will save enough energy to offer over 194,000 U.S. families electricity (电力) for one year. 题目：It can _______ plenty of electricity for American families if the waste phones are recycled. 2017南京建邺区一模 原文：The Kolibree app records your progress and scores your brushing way to help you improve brushing habits. 题目：Your progress will be ________ and your brushing way will be scored. 2017南京玄武区一模 原文：Most of us have a habit of going through our days saying no to the things we don’t like and yes to the things we like, and yet, everything we face is our life. 题目：Most of us are ________ to saying yes to what we like and saying no to what we don’t like. 【巩固练习】 2018鼓楼一模 原文：He still spends a lot of time dreaming. It is how he comes up with ideas for his books. 题目：It’s his dreaming that _________ him to come up with ideas for his books. 2018溧水一模 原文： They remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and reduce the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%. 题目：30% of the pollution is reduced __________using machinery and chemicals. 2018溧水一模 原文：Don’t water it if you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. 题目：Water the garden _________ you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. 2018联合体一模 原文：More and more British people are deciding not to eat meat and animal products. As a result, vegetarianism(素食主义) is increasing in the UK. 题目：Vegetarianism is increasing in the UK ________ more and more British people are choosing to live a meat-free style. 2018秦淮一模 原文：If they don’t think carefully, they may regret soon. 题目：Some users easily buy products which are introduced in the videos________thinking carefully, and they may regret soon. 3. 信息概括题，综合概括获答案 根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。 常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握： 原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目的：purpose/ aim 建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble 方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s) 好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s) 主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s) 介绍：introduction 观点：idea/ thought / opinion 【例题精讲】 2017南京玄武区一模 题目：The ___________ of saying no: We are afraid that we can’t remove what we don’t like. 2017南京江宁区一模 题目：_________ to make your studies better Do more than you are asked Choose suitable ways Plan your time well 2017南京联合体区一模 题目：_____________ Drink water and play sports safely. But too many bottles of sports drinks may do harm to you. Take enough breaks during summer exercise. When you feel uncomfortable, let your coach know right now. Avoid sitting in the sun when you have a rest. You’d better sit under a tree or go indoors for a while, which may help you keep active longer. 【巩固练习】 2018溧水一模 原文：Why Eco-friendly Rain Gardens Are Recommended 题目：__________ of rain gardens 2018联合体一模 原文：So why are British people cutting out meat 题目：Three __________ for cutting out meat 2018玄武一模 原文：While we all search for happiness and fulfillment(成就感), we still often end up with bad feelings. 题目：The ________ of bad feelings 【课堂练习】 建议15min 【2017南京中考】 Many countries all over the world have National Parks. There are about 7, 000 National Parks around the world. Most of them protect natural settings as well as the plants and animals that live there, but a few are in towns and cities. [来@&*源^:中教~网] Are there National Parks in England There are nine National Parks in England. The first three were the Peak District, the Lake District and Dartmoor, which were all named as National Parks in 1951. Others followed afterwards, such as the North York Moors in 1952, the New Forest in 2005 and the South Downs in 2010. Are National Parks in England the same as those in other countries Many National Parks around the world cover huge areas of land where nobody lives, but in England most of the countryside within them is useful for farming and other activities. As a result, National Parks in England include places where people live and work, as well as wild and beautiful areas where there is little sign or human life. Why do visitors go to the National Parks There are plenty of activities to do in all of the National Parks in England. Visitors can walk or cycle, following marked route, and many of the parks organize activities for families. Are there any problems in the National Parks There are about 110 million visitors to the parks every year, bringing many benefits to the areas but creating problems too. Many popular towns and villages can be swamped (充斥) by visitors. This results in overcrowded car parks and roads choked (堵塞) with traffic. Life can be difficult for people who live there, as more and more gift shops and cafes are opened instead of those everyday shops; in popular areas, house prices can become too high for local people making it hard for them to stay in the area. Another major problem is litter. In the parks it is a particular (特别的) danger to animals. Broken glass can also cause fires by focusing the rays of the sun. When these start in wild places, they are much harder to control and can damage (毁坏) large areas very quickly. How can people help [来源:中*国教育出^版网@&#] All National Parks in England promote (倡导) the Countryside Code, which tells people how to take care of their environment. If these rules are followed, the National Parks will be protected and continue to give pleasure to many people for a long time.[来源:中国^教&@育出*版网~] National Parks in England 56 ◆ Most National Parks around the world are to protect nature.Development◆ Nine parks were named as National Parks in England in different 57 . 58 ◆ Many National Parks around the world are huge in area but 59 any people. ◆ Most of the countryside in National Parks in England is used for farming and other activities.Reasons◆ Visitors can walk or cycle, following marked routes, and families are 60 with organized activities.Problems◆ Too many visitors can cause heavy 61 . ◆ The disappearance of everyday shops makes 62 difficult. ◆ Local people can hardly 63 to buy houses in popular areas. ◆ Litter is 64 to animals. Fires caused by broken glass can damage large areas very quickly.Way out◆ People should 65 the rules of the Countryside Code.
【课堂回顾】 建议15min 任务型阅读的解题策略有哪些？ 【课后作业】 建议5min 【2018宿迁中考】 A good book can be satisfying, can improve your knowledge and can teach you a lot. There are several ways to develop a lifetime reading habit. Set times. You should have a few set times every day when you’ll read for at least 5—10 minutes, no matter what happens. For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch (and even dinner if you eat alone). Always carry a book, No matter where you go, take a book with you. When you leave the house, make sure to have at least one book. You may keep the book in the car, or into the office or to anywhere you go, unless you' re sure you won’ t have time to read. Make a list, Keep a list of all the great books you want to read. You can keep this in a pocket notebook. Be sure to add to it whenever you hear about a good book. Keep a running list, and cross out the ones you have read. Find a quiet place. Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair without television or computer near the chair. There should be no music or noisy family members. Set a high aim. For example. Tell yourself that you want to read 50 books this year. Your best to finish reading them. Just be sure you' re still enjoying the reading. Title: Ways to (71) _______ a lifetime reading habitSet times●Read for at least 5-10 minutes, no matter what(72)______. ●Make it a (73)_______to read during breakfast and lunch.Always carry a book●Carry at least one book when(74)______the house. ●Keep the book no matter(75)_______ you go.Make a(76) _______●(77)_______to it when you hear about a good book. ●Cross out the ones you have read.Find a quiet place●Sit in a (78)_______ chair. ●Make sure no music or noisy family members trouble you.(79)______a high aim●Do your (80)_______ to finish reading them. ●Be sure to enjoy the reading.
预习思考 下节课我们将学习首字母的解题技巧，请做好预习哦！