2024届高考英语语法填空常见词性变化（2）课件(共27张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语语法填空常见词性变化（2）课件(共27张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-29 15:57:46 | ||
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(共27张PPT)
高考英语语法填空
词性变化（2）
知识梳理
01
思考：语法填空主要考什么？
语法or单词？
单词是基础，词性知道填什么，但是不会具体变形
所以单词的应用很重要
一起来继续来学习词组吧
believe [b li v] believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你
It is believed that he is a good teacher. =He is believed to be a good teacher.
belong [b l ] belong to 属于（无被动）
The house belonging to her is under repair.
bend [bend] v. 弯曲、弯腰、伏案 bend—bent—bent
She was bent over her desk writing a letter. 她正伏案写信。
◎benefit [ ben f t]1) n. 优势，益处（不可数）
She didn’t get much benefit from her staying abroad.
短语: be of benefit to...=be beneficial to ... to one’s benefit 对某人有利
for one’s benefit = for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助.../为了某人的利益
2） vt./ vi. benefit sb./ sth benefit from/ by...
beneficial[ben f ( )l] adj. 有益的，有用的
be beneficial to ...
better[ bet (r)]
had better do…最好做…否定：had better not do
be better worth reading 更值得读
be better known 更著名的
beyond[b j nd]超出、超过
beyond one’s imagination/description 难以想象/描述
beyond one’s power 超出能力范围
beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到
●bid –bid- bid- bidding [b d] v. 出价，投标 n 投标 bid for sth.
I bid 2000 dollars for the painting. 我出价20000美元买这幅画。
The highest bid for the picture was 20000. 这幅画的最高出价是两万
birth[b θ] n.出生、诞生
at birth 出生时 give birth to 生下、孕育了
biscuit [ b sk t] 饼干c/n some chocolate biscuits
bit [b t]
1) a bit of+不可数n.= a little +不可数n. He can speak a bit of French.
2) a bit/a little +比较级 a bit more slowly
3) not a bit=not at all 一点儿也不、毫不
blame [ble m]
1）be to blame 应该受到责备（主动表被动）
2) blame sb. for doing→sb. be blamed for …
◎blank [bl k]
1) n. 空白处，空格 fill in the blanks
(记忆中的)空白,遗忘 My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
2) adj. 空白的，无装饰的，无图画的
a blank form/ wall
不理解的，没表情的,空虚的 a blank expression
Suddenly my mind went blank.
be blind[bla nd】 to 对…视而不见、熟视无睹 =turn a blind eye to
blow [bl ] v. (blew blown) 吹、刮
blow down 吹倒 blow up 爆炸、炸毁
n. 打击 give sb. a blow 给某人打击
board[b d] n. 木板、布告牌
v. 登上 on board 在船（车、飞机）
board a train 上火车
◎bother
vt./vi.
1) 花费时间精力做某事（常用于否定句，疑问句中）
① bother with/ about sth ---Shall I wait ---No, don’t bother.
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella.
② bother to do He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
③ bother doing Why bother asking if you are not really interested
2) 给...造成麻烦，痛苦 使...烦恼，担忧
① bother sb with/ about... I don’t want to bother her with my problems.
bottom [ b t m]
at the bottom of… from the bottom of one’s heart
break[bre k]—broke –broken
break out（战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发
break down （车、机器等）坏掉、出故障；分解；（身体）垮掉；
break in 打断；闯入
break up 破碎；（关系）破裂
break away from 摆脱、脱离
breath [breθ] n.
hold one’s breath take a deep breath out of breath
breathev.
broken [ br k n] a. 弄坏了的
◎budget[ b d t n. within / over budget 在预算内/超出预算
on a (tight) budget 缺少钱 拮据
vt. ~ sth for ... 将...编入预算
~$1,000,000 for education spending
vi. ~ for 存钱 编预算
build[b ld]—built—builtv. 建筑；建造
build up增进、增强
burn [b n] —burned—burned/--burnt—burnt 燃烧；晒黑、伤
burn down 烧毁
burn…to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地
get burnt 被晒伤
a burning candle 燃烧的蜡烛
burst [ b st] v. 突然发生burst—burst—burst
burst out laughing/ crying = burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来
bury[ ber ] v. 埋葬bury—buried—buried—burying
bury one’s face in the hands 手捂着脸
bury oneself in… = be buried in…
business[ b zn s] n. 生意；职责；（本分）工作
on business
do business with sb.
Business is business.
It’s none of your business. 与你无关。
mind your own business 管好你自己的事
busy [ b z ] adj. 忙的；忙碌的
be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing 忙于做
busily adv
but conj.但是 prep.除了
not…but… 不是…而是 we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。
We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。
but for 要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）But for your help, I would have failed.
by by bus/car/plane/air/train/ship… 乘汽车/小汽车/飞机/火车/船
calculate [ k lkj le t] v. 计算， 核算
It has been calculated that …
eg. It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
(be) calculated to do sth.
eg. The speech was calculated to win votes.
call[k l] v. 叫；喊；打电话
a girl called Mary a girl calling herself Mary
calm[ kɑ lm] adj. 镇静的、沉着的
calm downv.使镇静 keep calm
camp [k mp] n.营 v.野营；宿营
summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
can 否定：cannot= can’t
can’t help doing = can’t help but do 禁不住
can not…too… = can never…too… 越…越好/再…也不为过
care[ke (r)] n. 照料；保管
take care of照顾、保管 take care (that)…当心
v. 在乎；介意
I don’t care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。
care for 喜欢；照顾
care about 关心；在乎
careful adj. 仔细的；小心的
be careful of… 当心,小心
listen carefully
carry[ k r ] v. 拿；搬；运；背
carry on继续、进行 carry out 实施、执行
case [ke s] n. 情况；案件；病例
in case +句子/in case of +名词 万一
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in no case 绝不
as is often the case 事实往往如此
eg: As is often the case, women live longer than man.
模拟练习
02
China' s first artificial intelligence (Al) textbook for high school students ___61___( bring) out last week, following a plan by central government ___62___( include) Al courses in primary and sec-ondary school.
The nine - chapter textbook, ___63___( name ) " Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence" , was written by outstanding ___64___( scholar) from well - known schools nationwide, under the joint ef forts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and Al startup SenseTime. It includes the history of Al and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
"The textbook focuses not only on basics of Al, but on ___65___( practice) use of Al in daily life,” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, ___66___ is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country ___67___(undertake) the task of being the first group of Al high education pilot program ___68___ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. "The Al sector is facing a talent shortage ___69___( global). The publication of the book is ___70___breakthrough as it takes Al technology out of the ' Ivory tower' and makes it part of high school learning," said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
【答案】61. was brought 62. to include 63. named 64. scholars 65. practical 66. who 67. have undertaken 68. by 69. globally 70. a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教科书开始进入中国高中课堂。
61.考查时态和语态。句意：紧接着中央政府把人工智能课程纳入初高中课程的计划，中国第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据last week判断为一般过去时，主语textbook和bring out之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was brought。
62.考查不定式作定语。句意：紧接着中央政府把人工智能课程纳入初高中课程的计划，中国第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。根据句意可知，此处应译为“……的计划”，所以用不定式作为名词plan的后置定语。故填to include。
63.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语textbook和name(命名)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填named。
64.考查名词的数。scholar(学者)是可数名词，联系上下句此处应是很多学者编写了这本书，故用复数形式。故填scholars。
65.考查形容词。分析句子可知，句中use是名词，应用形容词修饰。故填practical。
66.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chen Yukun，从句___6___ is also a contributor to the book.缺少主语，故用关系代词who/that，但非限不能用that。故填who。
67.考查时态。根据up till now（到目前为止）判断为现在完成时，主语high schools是复数，故用have done。故填have undertaken。
68.考查介词。句意：到目前为止，已经有大约40所高中通过把教科书引入课程承担起了第一批人工智能高校试点工程。根据句意可知，此处应译为“通过引入教科书进课程”，表达“通过”常用介词by。故填by。
69.考查副词。分析句子可知，此处是修饰前面的整个句子，故用副词形式。故填globally。
70.考查冠词。breakthrough是可数名词，此处译为“一个突破”,且该词是辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
thanks
高考英语语法填空
词性变化（2）
知识梳理
01
思考：语法填空主要考什么？
语法or单词？
单词是基础，词性知道填什么，但是不会具体变形
所以单词的应用很重要
一起来继续来学习词组吧
believe [b li v] believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你
It is believed that he is a good teacher. =He is believed to be a good teacher.
belong [b l ] belong to 属于（无被动）
The house belonging to her is under repair.
bend [bend] v. 弯曲、弯腰、伏案 bend—bent—bent
She was bent over her desk writing a letter. 她正伏案写信。
◎benefit [ ben f t]1) n. 优势，益处（不可数）
She didn’t get much benefit from her staying abroad.
短语: be of benefit to...=be beneficial to ... to one’s benefit 对某人有利
for one’s benefit = for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助.../为了某人的利益
2） vt./ vi. benefit sb./ sth benefit from/ by...
beneficial[ben f ( )l] adj. 有益的，有用的
be beneficial to ...
better[ bet (r)]
had better do…最好做…否定：had better not do
be better worth reading 更值得读
be better known 更著名的
beyond[b j nd]超出、超过
beyond one’s imagination/description 难以想象/描述
beyond one’s power 超出能力范围
beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到
●bid –bid- bid- bidding [b d] v. 出价，投标 n 投标 bid for sth.
I bid 2000 dollars for the painting. 我出价20000美元买这幅画。
The highest bid for the picture was 20000. 这幅画的最高出价是两万
birth[b θ] n.出生、诞生
at birth 出生时 give birth to 生下、孕育了
biscuit [ b sk t] 饼干c/n some chocolate biscuits
bit [b t]
1) a bit of+不可数n.= a little +不可数n. He can speak a bit of French.
2) a bit/a little +比较级 a bit more slowly
3) not a bit=not at all 一点儿也不、毫不
blame [ble m]
1）be to blame 应该受到责备（主动表被动）
2) blame sb. for doing→sb. be blamed for …
◎blank [bl k]
1) n. 空白处，空格 fill in the blanks
(记忆中的)空白,遗忘 My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
2) adj. 空白的，无装饰的，无图画的
a blank form/ wall
不理解的，没表情的,空虚的 a blank expression
Suddenly my mind went blank.
be blind[bla nd】 to 对…视而不见、熟视无睹 =turn a blind eye to
blow [bl ] v. (blew blown) 吹、刮
blow down 吹倒 blow up 爆炸、炸毁
n. 打击 give sb. a blow 给某人打击
board[b d] n. 木板、布告牌
v. 登上 on board 在船（车、飞机）
board a train 上火车
◎bother
vt./vi.
1) 花费时间精力做某事（常用于否定句，疑问句中）
① bother with/ about sth ---Shall I wait ---No, don’t bother.
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella.
② bother to do He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
③ bother doing Why bother asking if you are not really interested
2) 给...造成麻烦，痛苦 使...烦恼，担忧
① bother sb with/ about... I don’t want to bother her with my problems.
bottom [ b t m]
at the bottom of… from the bottom of one’s heart
break[bre k]—broke –broken
break out（战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发
break down （车、机器等）坏掉、出故障；分解；（身体）垮掉；
break in 打断；闯入
break up 破碎；（关系）破裂
break away from 摆脱、脱离
breath [breθ] n.
hold one’s breath take a deep breath out of breath
breathev.
broken [ br k n] a. 弄坏了的
◎budget[ b d t n. within / over budget 在预算内/超出预算
on a (tight) budget 缺少钱 拮据
vt. ~ sth for ... 将...编入预算
~$1,000,000 for education spending
vi. ~ for 存钱 编预算
build[b ld]—built—builtv. 建筑；建造
build up增进、增强
burn [b n] —burned—burned/--burnt—burnt 燃烧；晒黑、伤
burn down 烧毁
burn…to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地
get burnt 被晒伤
a burning candle 燃烧的蜡烛
burst [ b st] v. 突然发生burst—burst—burst
burst out laughing/ crying = burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来
bury[ ber ] v. 埋葬bury—buried—buried—burying
bury one’s face in the hands 手捂着脸
bury oneself in… = be buried in…
business[ b zn s] n. 生意；职责；（本分）工作
on business
do business with sb.
Business is business.
It’s none of your business. 与你无关。
mind your own business 管好你自己的事
busy [ b z ] adj. 忙的；忙碌的
be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing 忙于做
busily adv
but conj.但是 prep.除了
not…but… 不是…而是 we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。
We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。
but for 要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）But for your help, I would have failed.
by by bus/car/plane/air/train/ship… 乘汽车/小汽车/飞机/火车/船
calculate [ k lkj le t] v. 计算， 核算
It has been calculated that …
eg. It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
(be) calculated to do sth.
eg. The speech was calculated to win votes.
call[k l] v. 叫；喊；打电话
a girl called Mary a girl calling herself Mary
calm[ kɑ lm] adj. 镇静的、沉着的
calm downv.使镇静 keep calm
camp [k mp] n.营 v.野营；宿营
summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
can 否定：cannot= can’t
can’t help doing = can’t help but do 禁不住
can not…too… = can never…too… 越…越好/再…也不为过
care[ke (r)] n. 照料；保管
take care of照顾、保管 take care (that)…当心
v. 在乎；介意
I don’t care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。
care for 喜欢；照顾
care about 关心；在乎
careful adj. 仔细的；小心的
be careful of… 当心,小心
listen carefully
carry[ k r ] v. 拿；搬；运；背
carry on继续、进行 carry out 实施、执行
case [ke s] n. 情况；案件；病例
in case +句子/in case of +名词 万一
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话
in no case 绝不
as is often the case 事实往往如此
eg: As is often the case, women live longer than man.
模拟练习
02
China' s first artificial intelligence (Al) textbook for high school students ___61___( bring) out last week, following a plan by central government ___62___( include) Al courses in primary and sec-ondary school.
The nine - chapter textbook, ___63___( name ) " Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence" , was written by outstanding ___64___( scholar) from well - known schools nationwide, under the joint ef forts by the research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and Al startup SenseTime. It includes the history of Al and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
"The textbook focuses not only on basics of Al, but on ___65___( practice) use of Al in daily life,” said Chen Yukun, a professor at East China Normal University, ___66___ is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across the country ___67___(undertake) the task of being the first group of Al high education pilot program ___68___ introducing the textbook in the curriculum. "The Al sector is facing a talent shortage ___69___( global). The publication of the book is ___70___breakthrough as it takes Al technology out of the ' Ivory tower' and makes it part of high school learning," said Lin Dahua, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
【答案】61. was brought 62. to include 63. named 64. scholars 65. practical 66. who 67. have undertaken 68. by 69. globally 70. a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能教科书开始进入中国高中课堂。
61.考查时态和语态。句意：紧接着中央政府把人工智能课程纳入初高中课程的计划，中国第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据last week判断为一般过去时，主语textbook和bring out之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was brought。
62.考查不定式作定语。句意：紧接着中央政府把人工智能课程纳入初高中课程的计划，中国第一本人工智能教材上周出版了。根据句意可知，此处应译为“……的计划”，所以用不定式作为名词plan的后置定语。故填to include。
63.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语textbook和name(命名)之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填named。
64.考查名词的数。scholar(学者)是可数名词，联系上下句此处应是很多学者编写了这本书，故用复数形式。故填scholars。
65.考查形容词。分析句子可知，句中use是名词，应用形容词修饰。故填practical。
66.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chen Yukun，从句___6___ is also a contributor to the book.缺少主语，故用关系代词who/that，但非限不能用that。故填who。
67.考查时态。根据up till now（到目前为止）判断为现在完成时，主语high schools是复数，故用have done。故填have undertaken。
68.考查介词。句意：到目前为止，已经有大约40所高中通过把教科书引入课程承担起了第一批人工智能高校试点工程。根据句意可知，此处应译为“通过引入教科书进课程”，表达“通过”常用介词by。故填by。
69.考查副词。分析句子可知，此处是修饰前面的整个句子，故用副词形式。故填globally。
70.考查冠词。breakthrough是可数名词，此处译为“一个突破”,且该词是辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
thanks