2024年中考英语语法填空：冠词类(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
中考英语语法填空
冠词类
题型分析
1
掌握中考中冠词的考察形式
冠词是一种虚词, 不能单独使用, 只能附着一个名词前帮助说明这个名词的含义。
冠词分定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)两种。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
不定冠词a,an用法
1. 不定冠词+单数名词。
a用在辅音音素前
如：a bag, a big apple, a university, a useful book, a European country.
an用于元音音素前,
如：an apple, an hour，an interesting book, an honest /unhappy boy, an umbrella;
前面用an的字母，a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x.
2. 表示类别, 有“一”的意思, 但没有one指数时的概念强烈, 有时可不译出。
如：There is a cat in the tree。树上有一只猫。
3. 表示首次提到的人或事物, 但不具体说明是谁或什么事物, 只起介绍作用。
如：An old man is sitting under the tree.
4. 泛指某类事物或人, 即以其中一个代表整体, 与单数可数名词连用, 此时不译为“一”。
如：This is a sheep, not a goat. 这是绵羊, 不是山羊。
5. 用来表示时间、价格等, 意为“每一”。
如：The tea is eighty yuan a kilo. 这茶叶八十元一公斤。
6. 用于某些固定词组中。如：a little, a bit, have a cold, in a hurry, take a walk, once in a while.
7. 用在序数词前, 表示“再一次”。The cake is delicious and I would like a second one.
在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
In a university，a European and a one－eyed man walked along a one－way road with a useful tool.
This is a usual thing.
一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。
An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.
　　定冠词的用法
　　1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，常用在有定语修饰的名词前。
　　The students in the room are all from Shanghai. 那个房间里的学生都来自上海。
　　2.用于上文提到过的人或物前。
　　He lives on a farm. The farm is not big. 他住在农场。那农场不大。
　　3.用于说话双方都知道的人或物前。
　　Please open the door!请把门打开!
　　4.用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前。
　　The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。
不用冠词的情况
　　1.专有名词前或抽象名词、物质名同用来表示一般概念时。
　　Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。
　　Paper is made from wood纸是木头做的。
　　2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
　　Bikes are useful.自行车很有用。
　　3.名词前如果有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时。
　　Which book would you like 你想要哪本书
　　4.表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前。
　　Summer comes after spring.春去夏来。
　　5.节日的名称前。
　　National Day国庆节Children's Day儿童节 Dragon- Boat Festival 端午节
　　6.家庭成员的名称、称呼语职位或头衔前。
　　Father is on business in Shanghai 爸爸在上海出差。
冠词的位置
1. 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：
a. 位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。
但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot
2.定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
易错陷阱：零冠词与不定冠词的易混易错点。
【经典示例】
Spring follows winter.
冬去春来。（三餐、季节、月份等名词前用零冠词。）
This happened on a Sunday toward the end of August.
这件事发生在八月末的一个星期天。
We had a wonderful lunch in the home of Mr Liu.
我们在刘先生家吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。
Child as he is, he is very modest.
虽然他是个孩子，但非常谦虚。
易错陷阱：零冠词与定冠词的易混易错点。
【分析】
1.专有名词、不可数名词（包括物质名词、抽象名词）、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类、棋类、学科名称和表示泛指的名词前都不用冠词。如：China, Canada, Beijing, Saturday, Children’s Day, May Day等。但如果这些名词被限制性定语修饰，表示特定的一个，需加定冠词the。
2. school, prison, hospital, church前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念。
在某些固定搭配中
如：at home在家 day and night 日日夜夜
*有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同。
如：in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里（可能探望病人）
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
(1) go to school 去上学（是学生）
go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生）
(2) at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
(3) at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里面
(4) in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里
(5) in front of （……外部的）前面
in the front of （……内部的）前面
(6) by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
(7) in prison 在坐牢
in the prison 在监狱里面（不一是犯人）
(8) by day 在白天
by the day 按天计算
用于某些固定短语中
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;
in the daytime在白天;
in the end最后;
all the time一直;
at the same time同时;
by the way顺便说一下;
in the open air在户外;
at the age of在……岁时;
at the beginning of在……开始时;
on the other side of在……的另一边;
模拟练习
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
For ____37____ (century), Europeans have been making fun of British coffee. They say it’s like mud (泥) with water, or water with a bit of mud, or just mud. However, the British like it because it isn’t too strong. The most common kind is instant coffee (速溶咖啡). It’s ____38____ (real) easy to make. You just add water, which is perfect for lazy British people.
British people ____39____ (be) very proud of their instant coffee. Some British coffee “experts” have even come up with a useful guide on how ____40____ (make) the best cup of instant coffee. Here it is:
First, put fresh water ____41____ the teapot. Avoid using dirty river water or expensive bottled water.
Allow the water to boil—this means it has to reach a temperature of at ____42____ (little) 99℃. However, if you are in a rush, some experts suggest using hot water.
Next, ____43____ (put) a teaspoon of coffee in your coffee cup—a thick, blue china one if possible.
Now you can pour in the water, however, be ____44____ (care) not to use boiling water.
Next, add a little milk—just enough to give the coffee a light-brown colour.
And now you are ready to drink your coffee. You should do this over a period of three hours, making the coffee last as long ____45____ possible, which is just the way the British like it.
So, now you know how the British like their coffee, which should be really useful for ____46____ (you) next trip there.
【答案】37. centuries
38. really 39. are
40. to make
41. into 42. least
43. put 44. careful
45. as 46. your
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何制作一杯最好的速溶咖啡。
【37题详解】
句意：几个世纪以来，欧洲人一直在取笑英国咖啡。century“世纪”，此处是指好几个世纪，应用复数，故填centuries。
【38题详解】
句意：它真的很容易做。real是形容词， 此处修饰形容词easy，应用副词，故填really。
【39题详解】
句意：英国人对他们的速溶咖啡非常自豪。句子是一般现在时，主语是people，be动词用are。故填are。
【40题详解】
句意：一些英国咖啡“专家”甚至提出了一个实用的指南，教你如何制作一杯最好的速溶咖啡。how to do“如何做”。故填to make。
【41题详解】
句意：首先，把淡水放进茶壶里。根据“put fresh water...the teapot”可知把水放进茶壶里，put...into...“把……放入……”。故填into。
【42题详解】
句意：让水沸腾——这意味着它必须达到至少99℃的温度。at least“至少”，为固定短语。故填least。
【43题详解】
句意：接下来，在你的咖啡杯里放一茶匙咖啡——如果可能的话，放一个厚的蓝色瓷杯。此处是祈使句的肯定形式，动词用原形。故填put。
【44题详解】
句意：现在你可以把水倒进去了，但是，注意不要用沸水。此处是作表语，应用形容词careful“小心的”，故填careful。
【45题详解】
句意：你应该在三个小时内做这个，尽可能让咖啡持续更长时间，这正是英国人喜欢的方式。as long as“和……一样长”符合语境，故填as。
【46题详解】
句意：所以，现在你知道英国人喜欢喝什么咖啡了，这对你下次去那里旅行应该很有用。空后是名词，应用形容词性物主代词your修饰。故填your。
阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Zhao Yafu is an old agricultural（农业的）researcher in Jiangsu Province. He spends most of the year working ____31____（介词）the fields.
Born in 1941, Zhao’s childhood dream was to become ____32____（冠词）news reporter. When he was at college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, ____33____（连词）he decided to do something to help. He began to teach agricultural science to the farmers in a primary ____34____ (school) in the village. “The villagers needed someone to help ____35____ (they) change their minds and learn new techniques（技术）,” Zhao said.
Zhao kept on ____36____ (encourage) the farmers to use the new techniques and to plant new kinds of rice, which brought in a lot of money. As time went by, more new ____37____ (house) and roads were built in the village. And the villagers came to understand that Zhao ____38____ (real) wanted to help them.
Besides working in Jiangsu, Zhao and his team are also ____39____ (active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China become rich.
“I saw how poor villagers used to be, and I also see how they have _____40_____ (change) over the years. I will continue with my work if my health is not too bad,” said Zhao.
【答案】31. in 32. a
33. so 34. school
35. them 36. encouraging
37. houses 38. really
39. active 40. changed
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了赵亚夫帮助中国农民致富的事迹。
【31题详解】
句意：他一年中大部分时间都在田里干活。根据“the fields”可知此处介词应填入in，in the fields表示“在田里”。故填in。
【32题详解】
句意：出生于1941年，赵的童年梦想就是成为一名新闻记者。根据“news reporter”可知reporter为单数名词，news为辅音音素开头的单词，此处应用不定冠词a来表泛指。故填a。
【33题详解】
句意：上大学的时候，赵看到了农村生活的艰难，所以他决定做点什么来帮忙。空格前后两句在语意上存在因果关系，前为因，后为果，因此应用表示因果关系的连词so来连接。故填so。
【34题详解】
句意：他开始在村里的一所小学教农民农业科学。根据“a”可知此处应用名词school的单数形式。故填school。
【35题详解】
句意：赵说：“村民们需要有人帮助他们改变主意，学习新技术。”根据“change”可知此处应用人称代词they的宾格them作宾语。故填them。
【36题详解】
句意：赵继续鼓励农民使用新技术，种植新型水稻，这带来了大量资金。根据“kept on”可知此处应用动词短语keep on doing sth表示“继续做某事”，动词encourage的动名词为encouraging。故填encouraging。
【37题详解】
句意：随着时间的推移，村里建起了更多的新房子和道路。根据“more”可知此处应用名词house的复数形式houses。故填houses。
【38题详解】
句意：村民们开始明白，赵真的很想帮助他们。根据“wanted”可知此处应用real的副词really来修饰动词wanted。故填really。
【39题详解】
句意：除了在江苏工作外，赵和他的团队还活跃在中国西部。根据“are”可知后接形容词active作表语。故填active。
【40题详解】
句意：我看到了村民们过去的贫穷，也看到了他们这些年来的变化。根据“have”和“over the years”可知句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。动词change的过去分词为changed。故填changed。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film star, a famous writer or a sportsman, my idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man ____51____ (go) out and work.
However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ____52____ (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped ____53____ (work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their ____54____ (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about ____55____ (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad ____56____ (help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicyele so that I would not fall. I ____57____ (feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by ____58____ (I).
My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is ____59____ (important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time _____60_____ (stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
【答案】51. should go
52. seriously
53. working
54. wives 55. others
56. has helped
57. felt 58. myself
59. more important
60. to stay
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的父亲是自己的偶像，并介绍了父亲为作者所做的事情。
【51题详解】
句意：大多数人认为男人应该出去工作。根据“Most people believe that a man...out”可知大部分认为男人应该出去工作，应该：should，情态动词后加动词原形。故填should go。
【52题详解】
句意：然而，当我还是一个五岁的男孩时，我病得很重，一直需要照顾。修饰形容词ill用副词seriously“严重地”。故填seriously。
【53题详解】
句意：所以他停止了工作，留在家里照顾我。work“工作”，根据“to stay at home and look after me”可知他停止了工作，留在家照顾我，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。故填working。
【54题详解】
句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“Many men”可知此处用名词复数wives“妻子”。故填wives。
【55题详解】
句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“thinks about...”可知是考虑其他人，others“其他人”。故填others。
【56题详解】
句意：从那以后，我爸爸在我做的每件事上都帮助和支持我。help“帮助”，根据“Since then”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是my dad，助动词用has。故填has helped。
【57题详解】
句意：我感到很安全，因为我知道他就在附近。根据“I knew...”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式felt“感觉”。故填felt。
【58题详解】
句意：很快，我就可以自己骑车了。根据“I was able to ride by...”可知是会自己骑车，用反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。
【59题详解】
句意：我爸爸告诉我，有些东西比金钱更重要。根据“than”可知此处用比较级more important“更重要”。故填more important。
【60题详解】
句意：但他总是抽出时间和我在一起。stay“待”，分析句子可知，“makes time”的目的是“stay with me”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to stay。
“Alex! Jen! It’s time for dinner!” Mom called.
“Mom! We ____31____ (make) a treehouse! Wait a minute!” Alex shouted.
At dinner, Dad said, “We have something to tell you. Our neighbor, Mr Morris, came to our house ____32____ (talk) to us today. He wants us to cut down our tree because the leaves fall into his yard. Then he has to clean them.”
“No! That’s our favorite tree. I ____33____ (love) it ever since I was just a little baby!” Jen cried.
“Yeah, and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also ____34____ (give) us shade (树荫) from the sun,” Alex said.
Everybody had special memories of the tree. They all shared their favorite ones.
“One of my favorite memories is how excited you were when the leaves began to fall,” said Mom. “We ____35____ (jump) into the huge piles (堆) of colorful leaves every autumn,” said Alex. Jen nodded.
“I remember the time we had a picnic for the whole neighborhood,” said Dad. “It was so nice.”
“It’s brought us all so many great memories. Something must be done.” Mom said.
“Yes,” said Jen. “We ____36____ (save) our tree!”
After dinner the whole family discussed what to do.
“I have a good idea!” said Alex “I can make a chart showing him when leaves fall. And we can promise him that we ____37____ (help) clean the leaves in the future!”
Everyone agreed. The next day, the whole family went to visit Mr Morris. At that time, he ____38____ (clean) the yard.
“Mr Morris, this tree is very special to our family. If we offer to help clean its leaves, would you consider ____39____ (keep) it ” Dad said.
Alex handed Mr Morris his chart. Mr Morris was quiet for a moment. Then he said, “I guess if the tree is that important to you all, and I can get some help with cleaning, the tree can stay.”
The tree ____40____ (save)! Everyone in the neighborhood, even Mr Morris, came to celebrate.
【答案】31. are making
32. to talk
33. have loved
34. gives 35. jumped
36. must save
37. will help
38. was cleaning
39. keeping
40. was saved
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了邻居来抱怨作者家里的大树上的落叶让邻居很苦恼，所以建议要砍掉这棵大树。家人们在回忆了这棵大树带来的好处之后，决定要保留这棵大树。于是去跟邻居商量，帮忙打扫他家院子里的落叶，最终邻居同意了。
【31题详解】
句意：我们正在做一个树屋。根据“Wait a minute”可知，正在做树屋，所以说等一会，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，主语we是复数形式，助动词用are，故填are making。
【32题详解】
句意：我们的邻居莫里斯先生今天来我们家和我们谈话。根据“came to our house… to us”可知，来家里的目的是谈话，所以用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to talk。
【33题详解】
句意：从我还是个小婴儿的时候我就喜欢它了！该句是“since+一般过去时”的从句，主句用现在完成时结构“have/has done”，主语I是第一人称，助动词用have，故填have loved。
【34题详解】
句意：它也给我们遮阳。根据前一句的“helps”可知，此句用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填gives。
【35题详解】
句意：每年秋天，我们都会跳进一大堆五颜六色的树叶中。根据“were”以及“began”可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填jumped。
【36题详解】
句意：我们必须要保留我们的树！根据前文的描述可知，家里的每一位成员都发表了这棵大树给自己留下的美好的回忆，所以这里是说必须要把这棵树保留下来，must“必须”，后接动词原形，故填must save。
的美好的回忆，所以这里是说必须要把这棵树保留下来，must“必须”，后接动词原形，故填must save。
【37题详解】
句意：我们可以向他保证，以后我们会帮助清理树叶！根据“in the future”可知，此处用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will help。
【38题详解】
句意：那时，他正在打扫院子。根据“At that time”可知，此处用过去进行时“was/were doing”的结构，主语he是第三人称单数形式，助动词用was，故填was cleaning。
【39题详解】
句意：如果我们愿意帮忙清理它的叶子，你会考虑留下它吗？consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填keeping。
【40题详解】
句意：这棵树被保留下来了！主语“The tree”与动词save之间是被动关系，结合后一句“came”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态“was/were done”，主语是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was saved。
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