2024年中考英语考前突破之语法选择（广东专用）（含解析）

2024年中考英语考前突破之语法选择（广东专用）
（1）
Is there life out there in space Many people are interested in this question and try __1__ out the answer.
On April 28th, 2020, China's radio telescope(射电望远镜) FAST __2__ to look for aliens.Radio telescopes can find signals(信号) from space.On the earth, our TVs and radios give out signals.Scientists believe that if there were aliens, __3__ technology would also give out signals like ours does.
Many radio telescopes __4__ the world are being used to look for aliens.In 1977, for example, the Big Ear radio telescope in the US found __5__ strong signal from space.Many people believe it may come from aliens.
FAST is the __6__ largest and most sensitive (灵敏度高的) radio telescope.It can even find __7__ signals in space.Scientists are excited about what it might find in the future.
Finding aliens might sound exciting，__8__ some scientists think that we should not contact(联系) aliens.For example, the famous British scientist Stephen Hawking __9__ believed that aliens were dangerous.__10__ they found us, they might take away resources from the earth.That would be very bad for us.What do you think
( )1.A.find B．to find C.to finding
( )2.A.begins B． began C.is beginning
( )3.A.they B．them C.their
( )4.A.around B．with C.by
( )5.A.an B．a C.the
( )6.A.world B．worlds C.world's
( )7.A.weak B．weaker C.the weakest
( )8.A.or B．so C.but
( )9.A.strong B．strongly C.strength
( )10.A.If B．Although C.Because
（2）
Zhurong，the name of China's Mars rover （火星车），was announced on April 24th，2021，China's Space Day.The name of Zhurong comes __1__ a character in ancient Chinese stories.
The way it was named is the same as __2__ space programs like Chang'e，Tianwen and Beidou.
In ancient Chinese stories，Zhurong is a fire god.He is a proud man dressed in the soldier's clothes，holding a sword (剑) __3__ riding on a large tiger.And he is famous for __4__ his son from causing floods for humans successfully.Besides，according to the words' Chinese meanings， zhu means “wish”，which __5__ to express the good wishes for humans' study of the universe.
And rong means “integration”，which shows Chinese people would like to explore space with other countries __6__，and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.
Zhurong，the Mars rover，is 1.85 meters __7__ and weighs about 240 kilograms.It has six wheels and four solar panels (太阳能面板) and it can move at 200 meters __8__ hour on the planet's surface.
With six scientific instruments，it can work for at least three __9__.On Mars，it can do a lot of surveys and __10__ information，such as the make-up of the planet's surface，the weather and environment conditions on Mars.Zhurong shows that China's space programs have taken a huge step forward again.
( )1.A.from B.with C.to
( )2.A.others B.other C.another
( )3.A.so B.or C.and
( )4.A.stop B.to stop C.stopping
( )5.A.was used B.is used C.uses
( )6.A.peacefully B.peaceful C.peace
( )7.A.high B.higher C.the highest
( )8.A.the B.a C.an
( )9.A.month B.months C.month's
( )10.A.collect B.collects C.collected
（3）
One afternoon, your computer shut off all of a sudden.It __1__ by a blackout (断电).Without electricity, the traffic lights on the streets stopped __2__.Also, people couldn't work, cook or watch TV.__3__ terrible it is!
Blackouts can happen __4__ any time.It's important to be prepared for a blackout.Here are a few tips for you.
Keep __5__ flashlight in every room of your home.Sure, your mobile phone has a flashlight.However, if a blackout lasts for several hours, you might want to save that phone charge（电量）for __6__ tasks.
Keep some candles __7__ matches.But please be careful while using them.You can never be too __8__ with fire.
Keep some __9__ that doesn't require cooking.Canned（罐装的） food would work well here.Also, remember to keep some bottled water at home.
If your family __10__ medicine that needs to be kept cold, make sure you have some ice packs ready.Put them along with the medicine in your fridge.When a blackout hits, only open your fridge when you need the medicine—the cold air inside runs away each time it's opened.
( )1.A.causes B.caused C.was caused
( )2.A.work B.working C.to work
( )3.A.How B.What C.What a
( )4.A.in B.on C.at
( )5.A.a B.an C.the
( )6.A.another B.others C.other
( )7.A.and B.but C.so
( )8.A.care B.carefully C.careful
( )9.A.food B.foods C.food's
( )10.A.have B.has C.had
（4）
When seeing a mountain fire break out in Fuling District on the evening of August 17th, 2022, Yu Qiupeng, __1__ student from Chongqing said, “I just felt a ‘boom’ in my head.” Facing mountain wildfires, he wasn't afraid, and without ___2___ a second thought, he decided to join the fight against the fire.
Because of traffic problems, Yu had to walk to the fire scene.At about 10 p.m., Yu arrived at the fire site and started working with other volunteers.__3__ cleaning a water pipe, Yu accidentally burned his hand.
“I looked up and saw a fireman next to me pouring water on __4__ fireman who had just rushed out of the fire, and the water immediately vaporized (蒸发) into smoke,” said Yu.“At that time, ___5___ really wanted to cry.”
After __6__ of efforts by firefighters and volunteers, the fire was put out.
__7__ the evening of August 18th, embers (余烬) at two sites of the mountain fire suddenly began to burn.Once again Yu __8__ the volunteer group.He carried a backpack full of supplies and went back and forth __9__ than 10 times.
Yu's courage won respect online.While people were trying __10__ the brave young man, Yu's hometown of Nanchuan District also caught fire.The 18-year-old man headed to the fire scene for a third time.
His teacher asked, “Did you know how dangerous it was ” Yu said, “I didn't think about it.”
( )1.A.a B.an C.the
( )2.A.give B.giving C.to give
( )3.A.Until B.If C.When
( )4.A.other B.another C.others
( )5.A.I B.my C.myself
( )6.A.hours B.hour C.hours'
( )7.A.At B.In C.On
( )8.A.joins B.joined C.is joining
( )9.A.many B.more C.the most
( )10.A.found B.find C.to find
（5）
Each year,lots of garbage(垃圾) end up in the oceans.Water bottles or other plastic things sometimes __1__ away by people.They do not recycle __2__ garbage.Plastic takes a very long time to break down.It can remain in the oceans for hundreds __3__ years.Plastic pieces are very dangerous to sea animals.
One group, Washed Ashore, came up with __4__ new idea to tell people about the problems in the oceans.First, they take the garbage from a beach.Then, they clean __5__ sort(分类) it.Finally, they work with the plastic pieces __6__ huge works of art.The artwork is mostly of sea creatures (生物).
Washed Ashore has already created __7__ than seventy of these works of art.Some of them are now traveling in a show all over the world.Each piece __8__ the effects of trash.
In one show, people learn how plastic fools fish and other sea __9__.They think the plastic is food.They eat it and get very sick or even die.
This would not happen __10__ people used less plastic and did not litter.The plastic would not end up in the ocean.
( )1.A.throw B.threw C.are thrown
( )2.A.them B.their C.they
( )3.A.with B.of C.for
( )4.A.a B.an C.the
( )5.A.or B.but C.and
( )6.A.make B.making C.to make
( )7.A.many B.most C.more
( )8.A.show B.shows C.showed
( )9.A.animals B.animals' C.animal
( )10.A.though B.if C.where
（6）
Would you like to do something for the earth but don't know how to do it？ Nowadays， technology provides an easier way for people __1__ the environment.For Bryan from California， all it takes to make a difference is his phone __2__ a trip to the beach.
The 20-year-old student enjoys diving (潜水).He also wants to keep the sea __3__.Last June，he finally __4__ his hobby into an eco-friendly mission (环保任务).
One day when Bryan was playing with his phone，a new app which __5__ Rubbish caught his attention.The app calls on people around the world to pick up rubbish in their communities.It organizes local clean-up __6__ which may help solve the pollution problems.
Users only need to connect their phones __7__the app and start cleaning.That encouraged Bryan to spend __8__ summer diving for rubbish.
The app helped Bryan record __9__ kind of rubbish he was picking up and where he was finding it.It also told him if he walked to this place before.
With __10__ app，Bryan found joy in helping clean up the sea.In fact，Bryan had so much fun collecting underwater rubbish that he searched about 20,000 square meters of San Diego's beaches！
( )1.A.protecting B.to protect C.protect
( )2.A.and B.but C.or
( )3.A.cleaner B.the cleanest C.clean
( )4.A.turns B.turn C.turned
( )5.A.called B.was called C.calling
( )6.A.activity's B.activity C.activities
( )7.A.with B.for C.about
( )8.A.him B.his C.he
( )9.A.how B.what C.who
( )10.A.a B.an C.the
(7)
I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.I __1__ that they create small gardens.
First, I asked the students to look for their __2__ place in the school.Once there, I let them try hard to empty their minds.
Then I had each of __3__ describe their experiences of nature in a small garden.In a box of about one and a half by two feet, they were free to organize—soil, stones, leaves and grass.Even as __4__ active garden designer, I was impressed with their imagination.The __5__ they made were really creative.
One child created “water” that flowed into a “lake”; another child put grass in a way to represent （代表） “wind”; and yet __6__ child tried hard to create shade and so on … These children were often busy __7__ their schoolwork.That was why they took great interest __8__ they created their small gardens.
They spent a wonderful time together __9__ nature.
Try spending time with nature yourself.If you notice a stone lying on the ground, pick it up __10__ hold it.When you see beautiful flowers by the side of the road, stop and enjoy the pleasant smell.Then, inside your mind, create a small garden of your own.It will relax you.
( )1.A.suggested B.will suggest C.suggest
( )2.A.more favorite B.favorite C.the most favorite
( )3.A.their B.they C.them
( )4.A.the B.a C.an
( )5.A.gardens' B.gardens C.garden
( )6.A.another B.other C.the other
( )7.A.to do B.doing C.do
( )8.A.because B.if C.when
( )9.A.with B.in C.on
( )10.A.but B.and C.so
(8)
You may have heard that the Yangtze River is China's longest river.It is almost 6,400 kilometers __1__.As the world's third-longest river, it covers __2__ of China's land area.The Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带) covers eleven provinces and cities, making up about forty percent __3__ China's total population and GDP.
On December 26th, 2020, China's top legislature (立法机关) __4__ the Yangtze River Protection Law, which came into force on March 1st, 2021.It is the first law __5__ a waterway in China.
The river is in great need of protection __6__ something is wrong with it.
For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, __7__ river's Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) has died out there.
According to the law, fishing will not be allowed in all of the Yangtze's natural waterways, including __8__ major tributaries (支流) and lakes.Those who are caught fishing will be fined 50,000 to 500,000 yuan.
Digging sand will be __9__ controlled in the river.Many companies are digging sand along the river.However, this has led to lower water levels on the river, which has caused the river's water to panies __10__ factories along the river will need to focus on green development.If their activities do harm to the waterways, they will be moved away.
( )1.A.long B.longer C.the longest
( )2.A.one-fifths B.first-five C.one-fifth
( )3.A.for B.of C.from
( )4.A.passes B.is passing C.passed
( )5.A.protected B.to protect C.protecting
( )6.A.because B.if C.when
( )7.A.the B.a C.an
( )8.A.itself B.it C.its
( )7.A.the B.a C.an
( )8.A.itself B.it C.its
( )9.A.stricter B.strict C.strictly
( )10.A.or B.and C.but
(9)
Nobody likes a bully, but bullying is a big problem around the world.According to the US National Bullying Prevention Center, one out of every five __1__ in the US have been bullied.
Nathan Fellars is __2__ eighth grader at Centennial Middle School in Utah, the US.
When he saw classmates being bullied, he __3__ he had to do something.“People often deal with bullying after the bullying has happened.I wanted __4__ if there was a way to reduce bullying before it happens at all,” Fellars told the Society for Science.After studying more about the causes of bullying, __5__ had an idea to make the app Bully Block.
On the app, students can share their lives, whether good __6__ bad.Others can post their responses (回复).But before the responses __7__, an AI program reads all of them.Only positive words will be shown.Fellars believes __8__ this will naturally stop bullying both online and in schools.__9__ useful app it is!
“I would love to see my project be used __10__ teachers and students,” said Fellars.“I love knowing that my invention can help somebody else in the world.”
( )1.A.students B.student C.students'
( )2.A.a B.an C.the
( )3.A.know B.knows C.knew
( )4.A.see B.to see C.seeing
( )5.A.he B.him C.his
( )6.A.but B.or C.so
( )7.A.post B.is posted C.are posted
( )8.A.how B.what C.that
( )9.A.What a B.What an C.How
( )10.A.with B.by C.from
(10)
“Turn left! Turn right!” In the IT class, Zhang Ruixuan was controlling a robot to move around.
“This is part of our AI courses,” said __1__ boy from Beijing 101 Middle School.The school provides AI classes for both junior __2__ senior high school students.
Apart from compulsory（必修的）courses that teach basic knowledge，there are also optional（选修的）courses if students want to learn more.
“This term, __3__ have learned coding(编程) through a programming language called Python,” said Zhang.Using Python to code is a basic skill for training Al models.Nowadays, Python __4__ in high school graduation exams in places like Beijing，Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province.
In recent years, having AI education in schools __5__ popular in many places.In 2020，Zhejiang Province added AI education into textbooks from Grade 5 in primary school to senior high school.In the city of Wenzhou, the government is planning __6__ 1,000 AI experimental schools by 2025.
“With the __7__ of technology, our textbooks have been changing all the time,” said Shang Yin, an IT teacher from Beijing 101 Middle School.
“__8__ typing to using Word and Excel, and then today's coding and AI, the courses are keeping up with the times and teaching students necessary skills.”
Shang believed __9__ even in daily life，people might need to understand things like ChatGPT and the Internet of things.“AI education will become very __10__,” he said.
( )1.A.the B.an C.a
( )2.A.and B.or C.but
( )3.A.our B.us C.we
( )4.A.test B.is tested C.was tested
( )5.A.become B.became C.has become
( )6.A.to build B.building C.build
( )7.A.development B.develop C.developing
( )8.A.Under B.From C.Without
( )9.A.that B.who C.how
( )10.A.more important B.important C.the most important
答案详解：
（1）
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了科学们寻找外星人的故事。
B 考查动词不定式。句意：许多人对这个问题感兴趣，并试图找出答案。固定句型try to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故选B。
B 考查动词时态。句意：2020年4月28日，中国射电望远镜FAST开始寻找外星人。根据句中的“On April 28th, 2020”可知，本句时态是一般过去时。此处用动词的过去式。故选B。
C 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：科学家认为，如果有外星人，他们的技术也会像我们一样发出信号。technology是名词，此处应该用具有形容词性的词修饰，形容词性物主代词their符合题意。故选C。
A 考查介词。句意：世界上许多射电望远镜正被用来寻找外星人。此处用介宾短语作后置定语，表示“世界上”，用around the world。故选A。
B 考查冠词。句意：例如，1977年，美国的大耳射电望远镜发现了一个来自太空的强信号。结合语境可知，“一个强信号”表示泛指，strong的发音是以辅音音素开头的。故选B。
C 考查名词所有格。句意：FAST是世界上最大、最灵敏的射电望远镜。radio telescope是名词，此处应该用形容词修饰，名词所有格world’s符合语境。故选C。
C 考查最高级。句意：它甚至可以发现太空中最微弱的信号。the修饰形容词的最高级。故选C。
C 考查连词。句意：寻找外星人可能听起来令人兴奋，但一些科学家认为我们不应该接触外星人。空前空后表示转折。故选C。
B 考查副词。句意：例如，著名的英国科学家斯蒂芬·霍金坚信外星人是危险的。本句不缺少任何成分，此处用副词修饰动词believed。strongly符合语境。故选B。
A 考查连词。句意：如果他们发现了我们，他们可能会夺走地球上的资源。此处引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，if符合语境。故选A。
（2）
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了火星车“祝融号”的来历以及它的外观和意义。
A 考查介词。句意：祝融的名字来源于中国古代故事中的一个人物。固定短语come from意为“来自”。故选A。
B 考查形容词。句意：它的命名方式与其他太空计划如嫦娥、田文和北斗一样。 space programs 是名词复数，用other修饰。故选B。
C 考查连词。句意：他是一个骄傲的人，穿着士兵的衣服，拿着剑，骑着一只大老虎。空前空后表示并列关系。故选C。
C 考查动名词。句意：他因成功阻止他的儿子给人类带来洪水而闻名。介词后接doing。故选C。
B 考查被动语态。句意：此外，根据这些词的中文含义，朱的意思是“希望”，这是用来表达对人类研究宇宙的美好愿望。分析可知，“希望”和“使用”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，其结构是be done。本句是一般现在时。故选B。
A 考查副词。句意：“融”的意思是“融合”，这表明中国人民愿意与其他国家和平探索太空，建立一个
人类共同未来的社区。本句不缺少任何成分，此处用副词修饰动词。peacefully意为“和平地”，符合语境。故选A。
A 考查形容词。句意：火星车祝融高1.85米，重约240公斤。此处表示“高1.85米”，high符合语境。故选A。
C 考查冠词。句意：它有六个轮子和四块太阳能电池板，可以在地球表面以每小时200米的速度移动。此处表示“每小时”，hour是的发音是以元音音素开头的，an符合语境。故选C。
B 考查名词的数。句意：有了六个科学仪器，它至少可以工作三个月。数词three后接名词复数。故选B。
A 考查动词时态。句意：在火星上，它可以做许多调查和收集信息，如行星表面的构成，火星上的天气和环境条件。and连接两个并列的动词，情态动词can后接动词原形。故选A。
（3）
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了断电在任何时候发生，为停电做好准备是很重要的，就此本文提出了一些建议。
C 考查被动语态。句意：它是由停电引起的。固定用法be caused意为“被引起”。故选C。
B 考查动名词。句意：没有城市，街道上的交通灯停止工作。固定用法stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。故选B。
A 考查感叹句。句意：多可怕啊！本句是how引导的感叹句：how+adj.+主语+谓语！故选A。
C 考查介词。句意：停电随时可能发生。固定短语at any time意为“随时”。故选C。
A 考查冠词。句意：在家里的每个房间都放一个手电筒。flashlight是名词单数，且发音是以辅音音素开头，应用冠词a。故选A。
C 考查形容词。句意：然而，如果停电持续了几个小时，你可能想把电话费省下来做其他事情。tasks是名词复数，other“其他的”，可修饰名词复数。故选C。
A 考查连词。句意：保留一些蜡烛和火柴。空前candles和空后matches表示并列关系，故选A。
C 考查形容词。句意：你对火再小心也不为过。be动词后接形容词，与其构成系表结构。故选C。
A 考查名词。句意：保留一些不需要烹饪的食物。some修饰名词复数或者不可数名词。food是不可数名词。故选A。
B 考查动词。句意：如果你的家人有需要冷藏的药物，确保你准备了一些冰袋。If引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句的主语是your family，谓语动词用has。故选B。
（4）
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了面对熊火，年轻人余秋鹏挺身而出，三次参与其中扑灭大火的行列。
A 考查冠词。句意：2022年8月17日晚，当看到涪陵区发生山火时，来自重庆的学生余秋鹏说：“我只是感觉脑袋里‘轰’的一声。”结合语境可知，“一个学生”表示泛指，student的发音是以辅音音素开头的。故选A。
B 考查动名词。句意：面对山火，他毫不畏惧，毫不犹豫地决定加入救火的行列。介词without后接doing。故选B。
C 考查连词。句意：在清洗水管时，余不小心把手烧伤了。结合语境可知，此处表示“在清洗水管时”，表示“当……时候”，when符合题意。故选C。
B 考查不定代词。句意：我抬头一看，旁边一个消防员正在往另一个刚从火场里冲出来的消防员身上泼水，水立刻汽化成烟。fireman是名词单数，此处用another表示。故选B。
A 考查主格。句意：当时真的很想哭。分析可知，本句缺少主语，主格I可以作主语。故选A。
A 考查名词的数。句意：经过消防队员和志愿者几个小时的努力，大火被扑灭了。分析可知，此处表示“几个小时的努力”，hours符合语境。故选A。
C 考查介词。句意：8月18日晚，山火的两个地点的余烬突然开始燃烧。固定用法，具体日期前面用介词on。故选C。
B 考查动词时态。句意：余又一次加入了志愿者队伍。通篇是一般过去时，动词应用动词的过去式。故选B。
B 考查固定短语。句意：他背着装满物资的背包，来回走了10多次。固定短语more than意为“多于”。故选B。
C 考查动词不定式。句意：当人们努力寻找这位勇敢的年轻人时，余的家乡南川区也着了火。固定句型try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。故选C。
（5）
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了每年有许多垃圾最终进入海洋的问题，呼吁人们少用塑料、不乱扔垃圾。
C 考查被动语态。句意：水瓶或其他塑料物品有时会被人们扔掉。分析可知，“水瓶或其他塑料物品”和“扔掉”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，其结构是be done。故选C。
B 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们不回收垃圾。garbage是名词，此处应该用具有形容词性的词修饰，形容词性物主代词their符合题意。故选B。
B 考查介词。句意：它可以在海洋中存活数百年。固定用法hundreds of+名词复数。故选B。
A 考查冠词。句意：一个名为Washed Ashore的小组想出了一个新主意，告诉人们海洋中的问题。结合语境可知，此处表示“一个新主意”，new的发音是以辅音音素开头的。故选A。
C 考查连词。句意：然后，他们清理并分类。空前clean和空后sort表示并列关系，and符合语境。故选C。
C 考查动词不定式。句意：最后，他们用塑料片制作巨大的艺术品。此处用动词不定式表示目的，用塑料片的目的是为了制作艺术品。故选C。
C 考查固定短语。句意：Washed Ashore已经创作了七十多件这样的艺术品。固定短语more than意为“多”。故选C。
B 考查动词时态。句意：每件作品都展示了垃圾的影响。本句是一般现在时，主语Each piece，谓语动词用shows。故选B。
A 考查名词的数。句意：在一个节目中，人们学习塑料是如何愚弄鱼和其他海洋动物的。other后接名词复数。故选A。
B 考查连词。句意：如果人们少用塑料并且不乱扔垃圾，这就不会发生。分析可知，此处引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，if符合语境。故选B。
（6）
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一款帮助捡垃圾的应用软件。
B 考查动词不定式。句意：如今，科技为人们保护环境提供了一种更简单的方法。此处用动词不定式目的。提供了一种更简单的方法是为了保护环境。故选B。
A 考查连词。句意：对于来自加州的布莱恩来说，他只需要一部手机和一次海滩之旅就能有所作为。空前空后表示并列关系，and符合语境。故选A。
C 考查形容词。句意：他也想保持海洋清洁。固定用法keep sth. adj.clean意为“干净的”，是形容词。故选C。
C 考查动词时态。句意：去年6月，他终于将自己的爱好变成了环保使命。句中的“Last June”说明本句是一般过去时，此处用动词的过去式。故选C。
B 考查被动语态。句意：一天，当布莱恩玩手机时，一个名为垃圾的新应用引起了他的注意。分析可知，“app”和“称呼”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，其结构是be done。句中的was可知，发生在过去。故选B。
C 考查名词的数。句意：它组织当地的清洁活动，这可能有助于解决污染问题。此处用名词复数表示一类。故选C。
A 考查介词。句意：用户只需将手机与应用程序连接，然后开始清理。结合语境可知，此处表示“用”，介词with符合语境。故选A。
B 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这促使布莱恩整个夏天都在潜水捡垃圾。这促使布莱恩整个夏天都在潜水捡垃圾。summer是名词，此处应该用具有形容词性的词修饰，形容词性物主代词his符合题意。故选B。
B 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：这款应用程序帮助布莱恩记录了他在捡什么垃圾，以及在哪里找到的。结合语境可知，“记录了他在捡什么垃圾”，作picking up的宾语，用what表示。故选B。
C 考查冠词。句意：有了这个应用程序，布莱恩发现了帮助清理海洋的乐趣。此处特指上文提到的app，用冠词the。故选C。
（7）
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者曾经给一群小学生上课，让他们创建小花园，借此希望大家都可以去亲近大自然，放松自己。
A 考查动词时态。句意：我建议他们建造小花园。根据上文“I once gave a lesson to a group of primary school students for a TV program.”可知，时态是一般过去时，此处用动词的过去式。故选A。
B 考查形容词。句意：首先，我让学生们在学校里寻找他们最喜欢的地方。place是名词，此处用形容词修饰。favourite意为“最喜欢的”，是形容词。故选B。
C 考查宾格。句意：然后我让他们每个人描述他们在一个小花园里的自然体验。介词后接宾语，宾格them可以作宾语。故选C。
C 考查冠词。句意：即使作为一名活跃的园林设计师，我也对他们的想象力印象深刻。结合语境可知，“一名活跃的园林设计师”表示泛指，active的发音是以元音音素开头的。故选C。
B 考查名词的数。句意：他们建造的花园真的很有创意。are说明主语是名词复数。故选B。
A 考查代词。句意：一个孩子创造了流入“湖”的“水”；另一个孩子把草摆成代表“风”的样子；还有一个孩子努力创造阴凉等等……根据句中的“another child...and yet...child”可知，此处表示“another”。故选A。
B 考查动名词。句意：这些孩子经常忙于做功课。固定句型be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。故选B。
C 考查连词。句意：这就是为什么他们在创造他们的小花园时产生了极大的兴趣。结合语境可知，此处表示“他们在创造他们的小花园时”，表示“当……时候”，when符合题意。故选C。
A 考查介词。句意：他们和大自然一起度过了一段美好的时光。固定句型spend time with sth.意为“与某物花费时间一起做某事”。故选A。
B 考查连词。句意：如果你注意到地上有一块石头，捡起来拿着。空前空后表示并列关系。and符合语境。故选B。
（8）
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保护中国最长的河流长江的必要性以及我国第一部保护航道的法律《长江保护法》的相关内容。
A 考查形容词。句意：它几乎有6400公里长。这里指的是“6400公里长”，long符合语境。故选A。
C考查分数表达。句意：作为世界第三长河，它覆盖了中国五分之一的陆地面积。此处表示“五分之一”，其表达为：one-fifth。故选C。
B考查介词。句意：长江经济带覆盖11个省市，约占中国总人口和GDP的40%。结合语境可知，此处表示“40%的”，of意为“的”。故选B。
C考查动词时态。句意：2020年12月26日，中国最高立法机关通过了《长江保护法》。句中的“On December 26th, 2020”可知，本句时态是一般过去时，此处用动词的过去式。故选C。
B考查动词不定式。句意：这部法律于2021年3月1日生效。这是中国第一部保护航道的法律。此处用动词不定式表示目的，这部法律的目的是为了保护航道的法律。故选B。
A考查连词。句意：这条河非常需要保护，因为它出了问题。此处在解释这条需要保护的原因，表示原因用连词because。故选A。
A考查冠词。句意：例如，由于过度捕捞和水污染，这条河的中国白鲟已经灭绝。根据上文“The river is in great need of protection...”可知，此处特指上文提到的河流。用冠词the。故选A。
C考查形容词性物主代词。句意：根据这项法律，包括主要支流和湖泊在内的长江所有自然水道都不允许捕鱼。tributaries and lakes是名词，此处应该用具有形容词性的词修饰，形容词性物主代词its符合题意。故选C。
C考查副词。句意：在河里挖沙将被严格控制。本句不缺少任何成分，此处用副词修饰动词。strictly意为“严格地”，符合语境。故选C。
B考查连词。句意：沿河的公司和工厂需要关注绿色发展。空前空后表示并列关系，and符合语境。故选B。
（9）
本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一位八年级的学生发明了减少校园欺凌的一款应用软件。
A 考查名词的数。句意：根据美国国家欺凌预防中心的数据，美国每五个学生中就有一个被欺凌过。数词five后接名词复数。故选A。
B 考查冠词。句意：Nathan Fellars是美国犹他州百年中学的八年级学生。此处指的是“八年级的学生”，eighth的发音是以元音音素开头的。故选B。
C 考查动词时态。句意：当他看到同学被欺负时，他知道他必须做些什么。句中的saw说明本句时态是一般过去时，此处用动词的过去式。故选C。
B 考查动词不定式。句意：我想看看是否有办法在欺凌发生之前减少它。固定句型want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。故选B。
A 考查主格。句意：在对欺凌的原因进行了更多的研究后，他有了一个让应用程序阻止欺凌的想法。分析句子可知，本句缺少主语，主格he可以作主语。故选A。
B 考查固定短语。句意：在这个应用上，学生们可以分享他们的生活，无论是好是坏。固定短语whether...or...意为“是……还是……”。故选B。
C 考查被动语态。句意：但是在回复发布之前，一个人工智能程序会阅读所有的回复。分析可知，“回复”和“发布”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，其结构是be done。the responses是名词复数，be动词用are。故选C。
C 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：Fellars认为，这自然会阻止网上和学校里的欺凌行为。固定句型believe that...意为“认为……”。故选C。
A 考查感叹句。句意：这是一个多么有用的应用程序啊！本句考查what引导的感叹句：What+a/an+adj.+名词单数+主语+谓语！故选A。
B 考查介词。句意：我希望看到我的项目被老师和学生使用。固局句型be used by意为“被使用”。故选B。
（10）
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了北京101中学为学生们提供的AI课程。
C考查冠词。句意：“这是我们人工智能课程的一部分”。北京101中学的一个男生说。结合语境可知，“一个男孩”表示泛指，boy的发音是以辅音音素开头的。故选C。
A考查连词。句意：学校为初中和高中学生提供人工智能课程。空前空后表示并列关系。故选A。
C考查主格。句意：“这学期，我们通过一种叫做Python的编程语言学习了编码，”张说。分析句子可知，本句缺少主语。主格we可以作主语。故选C。
B考查被动语态。句意：如今，Python在北京、江苏省和安徽省等地参加高中毕业考试。分析可知，“Python”和“考试”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，其结构是be done。Nowadays说明本句是一般现在时。故选B。
C考查动词时态。句意：近年来，在学校进行人工智能教育已经在许多地方流行起来。根据句中的“In recent years”可知，本句时态是现在完成时。故选C。
A考查动词不定式。句意：在温州市，政府计划到2025年建立1000所人工智能实验学校。固定句型plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”。故选A。
A考查名词。句意：随着科技的发展，我们的教科书一直在变化。of前后表示名词。development是名词，意为“发展”。故选A。
B考查介词。句意：从打字到使用Word和Excel，再到今天的编码和AI，课程都在与时俱进，教授学生必要的技能。固定短语from...to...意为“从……到……”。故选B。
A考查宾语从句的连词。句意：尚认为，即使在日常生活中，人们也可能需要了解像ChatGPT和物联网这样的东西。believe为动词，空后为完整的句子，因此句子为宾语从句，后接连词that 。故选A。
B考查形容词。句意：AI教育将变得非常重要。系动词become后接形容词，important意为“重要的”，是形容词。故选B。