2024中考英语二轮复习课件：语法专题5-介词专题(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
专题5 　介词
专题5 　介词
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
时间
介词 掌握表示时间的介词的用法及意思相近或相同的时间介词的辨析。 考查时间介词的具体运用及辨析。
地点
介词 掌握表示地点的介词的用法及意思相近或相同的地点介词的辨析。 考查地点介词在具体语境中的运用。
专题5 　介词
表示方式、手段或工具的介词 掌握表示方式、手段或工具的介词的用法及意思相近或相同的此类介词的辨析。 考查表示方式、手段或工具的介词的用法。
其他常用介词 除掌握以上几类介词外，还要掌握如except, without, against等介词的用法。 考查其他常见介词的用法。
介词
短语 掌握常见的介词短语。 考查介词短语的固定搭配及辨析。
专题5 　介词
1　时间介词at, on和in的用法
介词 　用法 　例句
at 用于具体时刻前 at 3: 50 在3点50分
on 用在具体的某一天前(具体某天的上午、下午、晚上及其前有修饰词时；星期几前) On Monday在周一；on a rainy evening在一个下雨天的晚上
in 用在年、月、季节及上/下午、晚上等词前 in spring在春天
专题5 　介词
[提示] ①at night 在夜里，在晚上；in the even－ing 在晚上，在傍晚；at noon 在中午； at this/that time 在这/那时； at Christmas 在圣诞节
②时间词morning, afternoon, evening, Sunday等前有 last, next, this, that修饰时，其前不再用介词； tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。如：
I will go to the cinema this evening. 今晚我将去看电影。
专题5 　介词
【典例1】 —What do you usually do ________ Sunday morning
—I usually go fishing with my friends.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
[解析] C　句意：在星期日的上午，你通常干什么？morning前有修饰词时，用介词on。
专题5 　介词
【典例2】 2015·潍坊—When did the terrible earthquake happen in Ya'an, Sichuan
—It happened ________ 8：02 ________ the morning of April 20th, 2015.
A．on; in B．at; on
C．at; in D．on; on
[解析] B　具体时刻前用at；表示在具体某一天的早上用介词on。
专题5 　介词
2　地点介词at, in, on和to的用法
介词 用法 例句
at 用在小地点前 They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达了一个小村庄。
in 用于大地点前或表示在某个范围内 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到达了上海。
on 表示在某个物体上面或表示“紧邻”关系 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
to 表示“没接触，不包含” France lies to the south of England.法国在英国的南面。
专题5 　介词
【典例3】 Japan is ________ the east of China and Shanghai is ________ the east of China.
A．in; to B．to; in
C．in; in D．to; on
[解析] B　在表示位置时，in表示在某一范围的内部；to表示隔海相望；on表示接壤。故选B。
专题5 　介词
3　表示方式、手段或工具的介词
介词 　用法 　例句
by 表示“用/以/通过/靠……的方法”。 I learn English by listening to the radio.我通过听收音机学习英语。
with 指“用工具或某物”。 Please write the letter with a pen.
请用钢笔写这封信。
in 指“用某种语言、材料、声音”等。 Please say it in English.请用英语说这件事。
on 表示使用一些无线电工具。 I often talk with my friends on the phone.
我经常通过电话与朋友交谈。
专题5 　介词
【典例4】 —How do you communicate with your foreign friends
—________ writing e－mails, of course.
A．With B．By
C．At D．From
[解析] B　句意：“你怎样同你的外国朋友交流？”“当然是通过电子邮件。”表示“通过某种方式”用by。
专题5 　介词
4　其他常用介词
(1)since, for和until
介词 　用法 　例句
since 意为“自从……以来”，常用于完成时。 I have lived here since ten years ago.自10年前以来，我就一直住在这儿。
for 意为“历时……之久”，“for＋一段时间”用于完成时。 He has been a teacher for nine years. 他已经当老师9年了。
专题5 　介词
until 用于否定句中， 意为“直到……才”，谓语动词多为非延续性动词。 We won't see any flowers until March. 直到三月，我们才会看到一些花。
用于肯定句中， 意为“直到……为止”，谓语动词须为延续性动词。 You must wait until 10：00. 你必须等到十点。
专题5 　介词
【典例5】 The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008, and they have lived there for eight years ________ then.
A．for B．since
C．before D．on
[解析] B　句意：史密斯夫妇2008年来到上海，自那时起，他们已经在那里居住了8年了。since then意为“自那时以来”。
专题5 　介词
(2)across 和 through
①across表示从表面穿过。如：
Can you swim across the river
你能游过这条河吗？
②through表示从内部穿过，如：
The path runs through the trees.
这条小路穿过树林。
专题5 　介词
【典例6】 —I left the keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in ________ the window.
—It's dangerous to do that.
A．in B．through
C．over D．from
[解析] B　句意：昨天我把钥匙忘在房间里了，我必须通过窗户进入房间。表示从空间内部通过用through。
专题5 　介词
(3)in和after
①“in＋时间段”表示“—段时间之后”，与将来时连用，可用来回答how soon引导的问句。如：
I'll leave in ten minutes.
十分钟后我将要离幵。
专题5 　介词
② “after＋时间段”与过去时连用；“after十时间点”可与将来时连用。如：
They left after two weeks.
两周后他们离开了。
What are you going to do after supper
晚饭后你打算做什么？
专题5 　介词
【典例7】 —When will your uncle be back from America
—________ two weeks.
A．In B．At
C．From D．To
[解析] A　根据问句时态为一般将来时可知，应该是“两周后”回来。in意为“在……以后”，与将来时连用。
专题5 　介词
(4)between 和 among
between表示“在两者之间”；among表示“在三 者或三者以上的人或物之间”。如：
Tom sits between Lucy and Lily.
汤姆坐在露西和莉莉中间。
A British woman was among the surviors.
幸存者中有一位英国妇女。
专题5 　介词
【典例8】 —It's a top secret.
—Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me.
A．with B．among
C．between D．for
[解析] C　根据答语可知是两者之间。表示“在两者之间”用between。
专题5 　介词
(5)besides 与 except
①besides表示—种累加关系，指“除了……之外 (还有……)”。如：
Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him.除了他妻子外，他女儿也去看他了。
②except表示—种排除关系，指“除了……之外(不再有……)”。如：
No one passed the exam except Jim.
除了吉姆外，没有—个人通过了考试。
专题5 　介词
【典例9】 All the people went home ________ Mr. Wang, for he had to finish his work.
A．with B．besides
C．except D．after
[解析] C　句意：除了王老师外，其他人都回家了，因为他必须完成他的工作。except表示“除了……以外(不包括除去的)”。故选C。
专题5 　介词
5　介词短语
(1)介词与动词搭配
ask for 寻求……　　　agree with 同意……
arrive in/at 到达 catch up with 赶上
depend on 取决于 get to 到达
listen to 听…… laugh at 嘲笑
look for 寻找 look after 照顾
专题5 　介词
look at 看…… pay for 为……付钱
think of 认为；想起 wait for 等候
do well in 在某方面做得好
worry about 担心……
spend…on… 在……上花费……
hear from 收到……的来信
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
专题5 　介词
(2)介词与名词搭配
at once 立刻　　　　　in time 及时
in the sun 在阳光下　 in the end 最终
in trouble 在困境中　 on time 按时
on foot 步行　　 on duty 值日
at the end of 在……的末端
at the same time 同时
at home/school 在家/学校
专题5 　介词
on one's way to 在去……的路上
(3)介词与形容词搭配
be late for 迟到　　　be afraid of 害怕
be good at 擅长　　　be full of 充满……
be famous for/as 因/作为……而出名
be good/bad for 对……有好处/有害
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
专题5 　介词
【典例10】 To keep away from germs, we must not spit ________.
A．in danger B．in need
C．in public D．in time
[解析] C　句意：为了远离细菌，我们禁止在公共场所吐痰。in public意为“在公共场所”。故选C。
专题5 　介词
【典例11】 2015·德州 Don't ask him to study too late into night. ________， he is only a child.
A．As a result B．After all
C．On earth D．For example
[解析] B　句意：不要让他学习到深夜，毕竟，他只是一个孩子。after all意为“毕竟”。故选B。
专题5 　介词
┃考点过关┃
(　　)1. 2015·安徽________ the exam, we'll say good－bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A．In B．For
C．After D．Through
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)2. 2015·安徽Mrs. King put a coat ________ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.
A．over B．with
C．behind D．beside
A
句意： Mrs. King给睡着的小女孩盖上了一件外套使她暖和。over意为“在……上面”。故选A。
专题5 　介词
(　　)3. 2015·合肥45中三模—Dear, how many people will come for dinner tonight
—Five people ________ me.
A．beside B．among C．besides D．beyond
C
句意： Mrs. King给睡着的小女孩盖上了一件外套使她暖和。over意为“在……上面”。故选A。
专题5 　介词
(　　)4. 2015·合肥45中—模—Mr. Smith has a house ________ the center of the town.
—That's right. And it is similar ________ mine.
A．on; as B．in; to
C．as; for D．to; like
B
in the center of意为“在……中心”；be similar to意为“与……相似”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)5. 2015·合肥包河区—模—Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the exam ________ a light heart.
—Thanks, Miss King.
A．on B．for
C．in D．with
D
句意：孩子们，希望你们怀着轻松愉快的心情在考试中发挥出色。with表示“带有”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)6.I gave up the piano lessons because I have so much homework to do. But it's ________ my own wishes.
A．in B．on
C．for D．against
D
句意：我放弃了我的钢琴课，因为我有如此多的作业要做，但是这违背了我的愿望。against意为“违背”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)7.—The charity concert begins ________ 9: 00 a．m. Don't be late.
—No problem.
A．in B．at C．on D．to
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)8. 2015·阜阳九中三模Li Jianrou got China's first gold medal in the Sochi Winter Olympic Games ________ February 13, 2015.
A．in B．at C．on D．by
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)1. 2015·重庆Mr. Green's office is ________ the 26th floor. You can take the lift there.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
(　　)2. 2015·滨州A ship from South Korea sank into the sea ________ April 16, 2015.
A．in B．on C．at D．for
语法专练
C
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)3. 2015·南京Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened ________ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year.
A．on B．at
C．in D．to
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)4. 2015·丽水________ all his pocket money, Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.
A．With B．For
C．By D．In
A
句意：母亲节这天，Dan用他所有的零花钱给他的妈妈买了一份生日礼物。介词with表示“用某物”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)5. 2015·潍坊—What can I do for you
—I hope I have a nice house ________a big garden.
A．of B．with
C．form D．about
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)6. 2015·威海We are leaving tomorrow; we will be away ________ next Friday.
A．from B．until
C．on D．since
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)7. 2015·内江When people mention planes, it will remind the parents ________ their daughter on the Malaysian Airlines plane MH370.
A．with B．for C．in D．of
D
remind sb. of…意为“使某人想起……”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)8. 2015·呼和浩特—I'm sorry, sir. I've made a lot of mistakes in the exam.
—Never mind. ________， the exam is a little difficult.
A．In all B．First of all
C．After all D．Above all
C
答语句意：别介意，毕竟这次测试有点难度。after all意为“毕竟”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)9.There is a hole in the wall and I can see the trees outside ________ it.
A．in B．with
C．through D．by
C
句意：墙上有个洞，通过这个洞，我能看到外面的树。表示从空间内部通过，用through。故选C。
专题5 　介词
(　　)10.—How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt
—________ my car.
A．In B．On
C．By D．With
A
专题5 　介词
(　　)11.—When does your mother go shopping
—Usually ________ Sunday morning.
A．on B．in C．at D．for
A
专题5 　介词
(　　)12. 2015·临沂Now, people regard drinking tea ________ a culture more than a habit.
A．as B．by
C．of D．with
A
regard…as…意为“把……看作……”，故选A。
专题5 　介词
(　　)13. 2015·泸州Can you tell me what happened ________ him just now
A．with B．for
C．to D．at
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)14. 2015·白银Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned ________ hard work.
A．with B．by
C．for D．without
D
专题5 　介词
(　　)15. 2015·江西Everyone wants to win. But ________ me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A．as for B．thanks to
C．instead of D．such as
A
句意：每个人都想获胜，但至于我，最重要的事情是学一些新东西并且过得快乐。as for意为“至于”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)16.His mother often helps him ________ his English, so he does better ________ English than others.
A．with; in B．on; in
C．in; with D．with; at
A
专题5 　介词
(　　)17.—When will she come back from her summer holiday
—I'm not sure. Maybe ________ a week.
A．before B．in
C．after D．at
B
in表示“在……之后”，常与一般将来时连用。
专题5 　介词
(　　)18. 2015·天津Cambridge is a small city________ the east of England.
A．between B．with
C．in D．under
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)19. 2015·绵阳—How long have you stayed in this hotel
—Not long, just ________ this Monday.
A．from B．since
C．for D．on
B
since意为“自……以来”，常用于完成时态。
专题5 　介词
(　　)20.—How do you usually go to school
—I usually go to school ________ bike, but sometimes I go to school ________ foot.
A．with; on B．on; by
C．on; with D．by; on
D
专题5 　介词
(　　)21.—Where do you sit, Jane
—I sit ________ Linda. She is just on my left.
A．next to B．in front of
C．behind D．opposite
A
由答语“她刚好在我左边”可知，我坐在琳达旁边，故选A。
专题5 　介词
(　　)22. 2015·嘉兴Some workers in that factory have to work ________ night.
A．at B．for
C．with D．among
A
专题5 　介词
(　　)23.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party
—________ the beginning, I had a good time.
A．On B．For
C．With D．In
D
in the beginning意为“一开始”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)25.I got ________ the city ________ 10: 00 a．m.
A．on; at B．to; at
C．in; in D．at; in
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)26.Tina is waiting ________ the bus stop.
A．for B．at
C．in D．to
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)24.—________ my surprise, no one passed the exam except me.
A．In B．For
C．By D．To
D
专题5 　介词
(　　)27.Don't worry! You will get on well ________ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. A．at B．of
C．with D．in
(　　)28.Bill was born ________ August, 1985. He works ________ a farm.
A．on; in B．at; in
C．in; on D．on; on
C
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)29. 2015·金华The blind man walked across the street ________ the help of a boy.
A．by B．at
C．in D．with
D
专题5 　介词
(　　)30.2015·云南—Excuse me. Could you tell me the way ________ the nearest supermarket
—Go down the street and turn left. Then you'll see it.
A．to B．of C．in D．at
A
the way to…意为“去……的路”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)31.He's wearing a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes ________ the strong sunlight.
A．from B．in C．to D．with
A
protect…from…意为“保护……免受……”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)32.Next Saturday we'll leave ________ Hong Kong ________ business.
A．for; on B．for; for C．in; for D．to; at
A
leave for意为“动身去某地”；on business意为“出差”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)33.Welcome to my hometown! I hope you'll have a good time ________ your stay here.
A．after B．during
C．with D．since
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)34.The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated ________ different ways ________ the same time in different places every year.
A．on; in B．in; at
C．on; at D．in; for
B
in different ways表示“用不同的方式”；at the same time表示“在同一时间”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)35.—Hi, Peter! Tomorrow is mom's birthday. What are you going to buy ________ her
—I'm going to buy her a scarf.
A．to B．for C．in D．from
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)36.—When did you meet Jack for the first time
—I met him ________ the airport ________ National Day.
A．at; in B．at; on
C．on; in D．on; at
B
专题5 　介词
(　　)37.—Where are Diaoyu Islands
—Look, they are here, in the east of China, ________ Taiwan Province.
A．in B．near
C．before D．on
B
答语句意：看，它们在这里，在中国的东部，台湾省附近。near表示“在……附近”。
专题5 　介词
(　　)38.—Not only the young but also the old are getting interested ________ WeChat.
—Yes, they can communicate more freely by it.
A．by B．about C．in D．for
C
专题5 　介词
(　　)39.Before the bridge was built ________ the river, the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.
A．in B．beside
C．across D．along
C
句意：在这座桥被建在这条河流上之前，村民们不得不乘船去河对岸。此处强调的是“横跨”在河流之上，应该用across，所以选C
专题5 　介词
(　　)40.The chemicals left in the vegetables and fruit are bad ________ our health.
A．from B．with
C．of D．for
D
be bad for意为“对……有害”。