2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题10 动词的时态和语态 (共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
动词的
时态 了解动词的8种时态，重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时及现在完成时这6种时态的基本构成及用法。 重点考查6种时态在语境中的运用。
动词的被动语
态 重点掌握被动语态的用法及主动语态转换成被动语态的方法。 考查几种常见的被动语态的应用。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
1　动词的时态
1．一般现在时
(1)结构
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
结构 谓语动词为be动词 谓语动词为行为动词
肯定句 主语＋am/is/are＋其他． 主语＋动词原形/第三人称单数形式＋其他．
否定句 主语＋am/is/are＋not＋其他． 主语＋don't/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他．
一般疑
问句 Am/Is/Are＋主语＋其他？ Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(2)用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与 seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, every day，on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：
I go to school at seven every day.
我每天七点去上学。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
②表示客观真理、科学事实。如：
The earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。
③时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。
(3)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加－s work→works；
write→writes
以－s, －x, －o, －ch, －sh结尾的词 加－es wash→washes；
fix→fixes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加－es cry→cries;
study→studies
动词第三人称单数形式的不规则变化需特殊记忆 have→has
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例1】 Although Bill isn't rich enough, he often ________ money to the poor.
A．will give B．was giving
C．gives D．gave
[解析] C　前句的时态是一般现在时，由often可知本句表示经常性动作，故也用一般现在时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
2．现在进行时
(1)结构：主语＋am/is/are＋动词－ing形式＋其他．
(2)用法
①表示目前正在进行的动作，常与now，at the moment等时间状语连用。另外，当有listen，look等提示词时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。如：
Listen! She is singing in the next room.
听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
②表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：
We are going over the lessons these days.
这些日子我们在复习功课。
③趋向动词come, go, leave，fly等用现在进行时表将来。如：
They are leaving for England tomorrow.
他们明天要去英国。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(3)动词现在分词的变化规则
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加－ing play→playing
以不发音字母e结尾的词 去e加－ing make→making
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 先双写该辅音字母，再加－ing run→runningi
stop→stopping
现在分词的不规则变化需特殊记忆 die→dying
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例2】 Mike, go and see who ________ football on the playground.
A．is playing B．plays
C．played D．were playing
[解析] A　句意：迈克，去看看谁在操场上踢足球。根据句意可判断踢足球这个动作正在进行。故用现在进行时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
3．一般将来时
(1)结构
主语＋will/shall＋动词原形＋其他．
主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形＋其他．
(2)用法
①表示将要发生的动作或状态，常与soon, next time，tomorrow，from now on等时间状语连用。如：
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
②表示“主观意愿、打算”用be going to；根据迹象进行推测也用be going to。如：
He is going to learn English next term.
他打算下学期学英语。
Look at the black clouds! It's going to rain.
看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例3】 The famous reporter we talked about just now ________ us a speech next weekend.
A．gives B．gave
C．has given D．will give
[解析] D　根据时间状语next weekend可知用一般将来时。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
4．一般过去时
(1)结构：主语＋动词过去式＋其他．
(2)用法
①表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
His friend was at work yesterday.
昨天他的朋友在工作。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
②表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如：
We often went to work by bus last year.
去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(3)动词过去式的变化规则
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加－ed watch→watched
以不发音字母e结尾的词 加－d live→lived；
close→closed
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加－ed study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 先双写该辅音字母，再加－ed plan→planned
stop→stopped
动词过去式的不规则变化需特殊记忆 keep→kept
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例4】 We ________ Susan to the costume party, so she was very happy.
A．invite B．invited
C．will invite D．are inviting
[解析] B　句意：我们邀请了Susan参加化装舞会，因此她很高兴。根据后句中的was可知该句用一般过去时。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
5．现在完成时
(1)结构：主语＋have/has＋动词过去分词＋其他．
(2)用法
①表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before等时间状语连用。如：
I have seen the film already.
我已经看过这部电影了。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“ since＋时间点”或“for ＋时间段”等时间状语连用。如：
We have planted thousands of trees since 2000.
自从2000年开始，我们已经种了成千上万棵树了。
He has learned English for three years.
他学英语三年了。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(3)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只是说明动作发生在过去，而现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。如：
I saw the movie yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)
I have seen the movie. 我看过这部电影。(强调已经看过了)
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(4)在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：
I have had the book for two days. 这本书我买了两天了。(用had而不用bought )
He has been in Beijing for two weeks. 他来北京两周了。(用been in而不用come to)
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
◆常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化如下表：
have arrived/come have been in
have left have been away
have closed/open have been closed/open
have died have been dead
have married have been married
have begun have been on
have bought have had
have borrowed have kept
have joined/taken part in have been a member of
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例5】 —They say there's a supermarket nearby.
—Yes, and it ________ for no more than two weeks.
A．has been open B．opens
C．is opening D．opened
[解析] A　句意：“他们说附近有一个超市。”“是的，它刚开了不到两周。”“for＋时间段”与现在完成时连用。open是瞬间动词，用be open替换，故选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
6．过去进行时
(1)结构：主语＋was/were＋动词－ing形式＋其他．
(2)用法
表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 when, while, from 9 to 11, at that time等时间状语连用。如：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作业。
What was your father doing while your mother was cooking 你妈妈做饭时，你爸爸在干什么？
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例6】 —What was your father doing when we were at the cinema yesterday evening
—He ________ my bicycle at home at that time.
A．fixes up B．fixed up
C．would fix up D．was fixing up
[解析] D　答语句意：他那时在家里修理我的自行车。at that time常与过去进行时连用。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
2　动词的被动语态
1．构成
(1)一般现在时： 主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词＋其他．如：
English is widely used in the world.
英语在世界上被广泛使用。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(2)一般过去时：主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他．如：
The cake was made by my mother.
这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
(3)一般将来时：主语＋ will be/is (are) going to be＋过去分词＋其他．如：
A new school will be built next year.
明年将有一所新的学校被建立。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(4)现在完成时：主语＋ have/has been＋过去分词＋其他．如：
His key hasn't been found yet.
他的钥匙还没有被找到。
(5)含情态动词的被动语态：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他．如：
It must be done now. 这件事必须现在就做。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
2．用法
(1)不知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。
(2)强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
3．不能用于被动语态的动词及短语：
(1)不及物动词及短语，如happen，take place等。如：
An accident happened last night.
昨晚发生了一起事故。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(2)表示所属关系的动词及短语。如：
The car belongs to Mr. Wang.
那辆车属于王先生。
(3)连系动词，如 feel，sound, taste, smell 等。如：
That sounds like a good idea.
那听起来是个好主意。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例7】 —What's the matter with Mary
—She ________ by a car and sent to hospital.
A．hit B．was hit
C．had hit D．would hit
[解析] B　答语句意：她被一辆小汽车撞了，被送进了医院。强调动作的承受者用被动语态。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
【典例8】 —Can you sing this English song
—Of course, I can. It ________ many times on the radio.
A．taught B．has taught
C．is taught D．has been taught
[解析] D　it 和teach之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除A、B。又因为many times常与现在完成时连用，排除C。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
┃考点过关┃
(　　)1. 2015·安徽Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ________ a speech there in two days.
A．gives B．gave
C．will give D．has given
C
根据时间状语“in two days (在两天后)”可知用一般将来时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)2. 2015·安徽As we all know, the Silk Road ________ China to the west in ancient times.
A．connects B．connected
C．will connect D．is connecting
B
句意：在古代，丝绸之路把中国与西方连接了起来。根据in ancient times可知用一般过去时。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)3. 2015·安徽—I can't find David. Where is he
—He ________ for tomorrow's competitions at home.
A．prepares B．is preparing
C．has prepared D．prepared
B
根据答语句意“他正在家里准备明天的竞赛”可知用现在进行时。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)4. 2015·安徽Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________in a short time.
A．can be learned B．has been learned
C．can learn D．has learned
A
主语是information，是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，根据句意可知选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)5. 2015·合肥包河区二模—Remember the first time we met
—Sure. You ________ at the gate of our school.
A．stand B．have stood
C．were standing D．stood
C
根据句意可知第一见面的那个时刻“你”正站在大门口，故用过去进行时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)6. 2015·合肥包河区—模—Give me a call as soon as you ________ in Hainan.
—OK, I will.
A．arrive B．have arrived
C．will arrive D．arrived
A
as soon as引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)7. 2015·六安裕安区一模—Is Mrs. Green going to attend the meeting tomorrow
—Yes, and she ________ to give a speech on how to protect the environment.
A．has asked B．was asked
C．is asking D．will ask
B
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)8. 2015·安庆一模—How clean Anqing city is!
—Yeah. Our city ________ a lot in the past few years.
A．has changed B．changed
C．changes D．will change
A
in the past few years常与现在完成时连用。故选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)9. 2015·安庆一模—It's said that Chang'e Four ________ into space next year.
—Great. It shows our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．will be sent up B．is sent up
C．will send up D．sent up
A
强调动作的承受者用被动语态。根据时间状语next year可知用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)10. 2015·阜阳九中中考模拟—Do you love reading Guo Jinming's novels
—Of course I do, but I ________ them for a long time because I'm always busy.
A．didn't read B．haven't read
C．hadn't read D．don't read
B
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)1. 2015·赤峰—The storybook is very interesting.
—I agree with you. I ________ it twice already.
A．read B．will read
C．am reading D．have read
语法专练
D
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)2. 2015·安顺—Why are you in such a hurry, Mike
—There ________an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A．will have B．will be
C．is going to have D．are going to be
B
in ten minutes与一般将来时连用，there be句型的一般将来时为there will be/there is(are) going to be。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)3.I can't understand what the book is about because it ________ in English.
A．writes B．will write
C．is written D．will be written
C
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)4.—There is a lot of wind in North China.
—Well, more trees ________ every year to stop the wind.
A．must be planted B．can planted
C．should planted D．may be planted
A
强调动作的承受者用被动语态，排除B、C，由句意可知应该是每年必须种植许多树，故选A。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)5.—Where are the students
—Oh, they ________ football on the playground just now.
A．were seen play B．were seen to play
C．have seen to play D．have seen play
B
感官动词see, hear, watch等用于主动语态中，其后的宾语补足语要省略to，但在被动语态中一定要加to，故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)6. 2015·上海Susan and Lily ________ tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.
A．pick B．are picking
C．will pick D．were picking
D
由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)7. 2015·沈阳The office phones are dirty and they ________ next week.
A．will clean B．will be cleaned
C．are cleaning D．are cleaned
B
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)8.—Bad luck! It's too late!
—It doesn't matter. The movie ________ for only a few minutes.
A．has begun B．has been on
C．began D．was on
B
由for引导的时间状语可知本句用现在完成时，begin是瞬间动词，不能与for引导的时间状语连用，故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)9.—The skirt looks different from the others and it's really nice.
—Thanks. It ________ by my mother last month.
A．made B．is made
C．has been made D．was made
D
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)10. 2015·徐州What a surprise to see you here! When ________ you ________back
A．do; get B．did; get
C．have; got D．will; get
B
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)11. 2015·达州—Have you ever ________ an amusement park
—Yes, I have. I ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A．been to; have gone to B．gone to; have been to
C．go to; went to D．been to; went to
D
表示“曾经去过某地”用have been to；又根据last year可知第二个空用一般过去时。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)12. 2015·十堰—The book store ________ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.
—Sounds great. Let's go into it and have a look.
A．will have B．had
C．is having D．was having
C
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)13. 2015·贺州—Can you see the picture on the wall It looks beautiful.
—Yes. It ________ by Mr. Black two months ago.
A．painted B．is painted
C．paints D．was painted
D
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)14.—What did Miss Zhang say to you just now
—She said that all the books should ________ to the library on time.
A．are returned B．return
C．be returned D．be returning
C
本句是含情态动词的被动语态。其结构是：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词，故选C。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)15.—Nancy is not coming to the party tonight.
—But she ________ me she'd love to.
A．tells B．told
C．had told D．is telling
B
由句意可知“告诉我”是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)16.—You've left the TV on.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ and turn it off.
A．have gone B．go
C．went D．will go
D
根据上句句意可知电视没有关，所以下句表示将要去关上它，故用一般将来时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)17.—What do you do
—I'm an English teacher. I ________ in No. 35 Middle School in Beijing. I like my job very much.
A．teach B．have taught
C．will teach D．taught
A
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)18.—How nice the building is! What is it used for
—It ________ as a hotel. But I'm not sure.
A．must be used B．is used
C．may be used D．is using
C
根据答语中“But I'm not sure”可知是表示不太可能的推测，故选C。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)19.—Have you seen Alan He asked me to play football this afternoon.
—Maybe he ________ computer games in his room.
A．played B．will play
C．was playing D．is playing
D
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)20.The twin brothers ________ for doing with the situation properly in the fire.
A．are praised B．praised
C．praise D．were praised
D
双胞胎兄弟是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，“表扬”这一动作发生在过去。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)21. 2015·北京—What do you often do at weekends
—I often ________ my grandparents.
A．visit B．visited
C．have visited D．will visit
A
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)22. 2015·河北I'm busy now. I ________ to you after school this afternoon.
A．talk B．talked
C．will talk D．have talked
C
根据时间状语this afternoon可知用一般将来时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)23. 2015·曲靖—________ you ________
what club you want to join
—Not yet.
A．Do; decide B．Have; decided
C．Are; deciding D．Can; decide
B
根据答语中的Not yet可知用现在完成时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)24. 2015·镇江—My aunt said she called you yesterday morning, but there was no answer.
—Oh, we were at home. Maybe my husband with my daughter and me ________ my car in the garden.
A．were washing B．had washed
C．was washing D．washed
C
本句的主语是with前面的my husband，所以谓语动词用单数形式，结合情景可知要用过去进行时，故选C。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)25.—Mrs. White's dog is so noisy.
—You won't hear it any more. It ________ away yesterday.
A．has sent B．has been sent
C．was sent D．was sending
C
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)26. 2015·寿春中学模拟—Why are you still here They are ready to start.
—Sorry, but I ________ when to leave.
A．don't tell B．didn't tell
C．am not told D．wasn't told
D
答语句意：抱歉，但我没有被告诉什么时候离开。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)27. 2015·寿春中学模拟—Wow, the opening ceremony of Sochi Winter Olympics was fantastic last night!
—I missed it! I ________ for the next monthly exam.
A．am preparing B．have prepared
C．was preparing D．will prepare
C
根据句意可知索契冬奥会开幕的时候“我”正在准备月考。故选C。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)28. 2015·来宾—What did you do for your dad on Father's Day this year
—I ________ a beautiful tie for him.
A．buy B．bought
C．buys D．buying
B
根据问句的时态为一般过去时可知，买领带是过去发生的事。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)29. 2015·广东—I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ________．
A．starts B．started
C．will start D．is starting
A
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(　　)30.—What can we do to develop our hometown
—First of all, a lot of new roads ________， I think.
A．should build
B．have to build
C．must be built
D．shouldn't be built
C