2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题11 非谓语动词 (共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
专题11 　非谓语动词
专题11 　非谓语动词
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
动词不定式 掌握动词不定式的基本构成、语法功能及基本用法。 考查动词不定式的语法功能。
动名词 掌握动名词的几种基本用法。 考查动名词的常见的几种用法。
易混点辨析 重点掌握一些常用动词或动词短语后跟动词不定式及动名词的区别。 考查常用动词或动词短语后跟动词不定式及动名词所表示的不同意义。
分词 掌握现在分词和过去分词的用法和区别。 考查现在分词和过去分词的用法。
专题11 　非谓语动词
1　动词不定式
1．作主语。
常用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
常用结构：(1)It is＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.(2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.如：
专题11 　非谓语动词
It is important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
It takes me about 3 hours to finish my homework every day.
每天完成作业大约要花费我3个小时的时间。
专题11 　非谓语动词
2．作宾语。
(1)用在及物动词之后作宾语。如：
We want to have a good rest.
我们想好好休息一下。
(2)常用it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语，放在句子的后面。常用结构：主语＋谓语＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.如：
I think it important to learn Chinese well.
我认为学好汉语很重要。
专题11 　非谓语动词
3．作宾语补足语。
They asked us to play football with them.
他们叫我们跟他们一起踢足球。
4．作表语。
动词不定式用在系动词之后作表语。如：
My only will is to do what is best for you.
我唯一的愿望是做对你最好的事。
专题11 　非谓语动词
5．作定语。
动词不定式作定语时要后置，表示将要发生的动作。被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语，若为逻辑宾语，该不定式中的动词应为及物动词。如：
I want to be the first one to get to the top of the mountain.我想成为第一个到达山顶的人。
专题11 　非谓语动词
6．作状语。
(1)表示目的。如：
I went to the bookshop to buy a dictionary.
我去书店买了一本词典。
(2)表示原因。如：
I'm very happy to hear from you.
收到你的信我很高兴。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(3)表示结果。如：
The T－shirt is too big for me to wear.
这件T恤太大了，我穿不了。
(4)表示程度。如：
She's old enough to go to school.
她足够大了，可以去上学了。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例1】 We can make a fire ________ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.
A．to keep B．keeping
C．keep D．kept
[解析] A　根据句意可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例2】 Whenever you have a chance ________ English, you should take it.
A．speak B．to speak
C．spoke D．speaks
[解析] B　句意：无论什么时候你有机会讲英语，你都应该抓住它。have a chance to do sth.意为“有机会去做某事”。故选B。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例3】 —Li Ming, it's bad for your eyes ________ computer games for a long time.
—Sorry, Mom. I won't do it again.
A．plays B．to play
C．play D．played
[解析] B　本题考查“It's ＋adj.(for sb.)＋动词不定式”句型。故选B。
专题11 　非谓语动词
2　动名词
语法功能 例句
作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看过多的电视对你的眼睛有害。
作宾语 Have you finished reading the book？你读完这本书了吗？
作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients.护士的工作是照顾病人。
作定语 I often go to the reading room.我经常去阅览室。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(2)一般过去时：主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他．如：
The cake was made by my mother.
这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
(3)一般将来时：主语＋ will be/is (are) going to be＋过去分词＋其他．如：
A new school will be built next year.
明年将有一所新的学校被建立。
专题11 　非谓语动词
[提示] 常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help等。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例4】 —Where is Mary
—She's busy ________ for the exam.
A．study B．studies
C．studying D．to study
[解析] C　be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。故选C。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例5】 —What do you usually do at weekends
—I often practice ________ English.
A．speak B．to speak
C．speaking D．spoke
[解析] C　practice doing sth.意为“练习做某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
3　易混点辨析
某些动词或动词短语接动词不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义有区别。
(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stop doing sth.停止做某事
(2)try to do sth.试图(企图)做某事
try doing sth.尝试着做某事
专题11 　非谓语动词
(3)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
(4)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事
go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的同一件事
专题11 　非谓语动词
(6)need doing (某事)需要做(表示被动意思)
need to do sth.需要去做某事(表示主动意思)
(7)see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)
see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事了(强调动作的全过程)
类似用法的还有watch, hear等。
专题11 　非谓语动词
【典例6】 —Is Tom in the next room
—Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him ________ loudly when I passed by just now.
A．speak B．to speak
C．spoken D．speaking
[解析] D　答语句意：我刚刚经过时，听见他在大声说话。强调动作正在进行用现在分词。故选D。
专题11 　非谓语动词
4　分词
英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加－ing 构成；过去分词由动词原形加－ed构成。现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。如：
developing country 发展中国家(正在发展的)
developed country 发达国家(已经发展了的)
an exciting ilm 一部激动人心的电影(修饰物)
excited audience 激动的观众(修饰人)
专题11 　非谓语动词
┃考点过关┃
(　　)1. 2015·合肥50中模拟—Mom, I'm starving! Can I have something ________？
—Oh, dear. You can only drink some milk. There is ________ in the fridge.
A．to drink; nothing else
B．drinking; something else
C．to eat; nothing else
D．eating; something else
C
专题11 　非谓语动词
根据“我很饿”可知我要一些吃的东西，动词不定式作后置定语；根据“仅有一些牛奶”可知没有任何其他的东西了。故选C。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)2. 2015·合肥45中—模He used to ________ pop music, but now he is used to ________ to classical music.
A．like; listening B．liking; listening
C．like; listen D．liking; listen
A
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.表示“习惯做某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)3.Han Mei thought that ________ to English songs ________ her a lot in English learning.
A．listen; helps B．listening; helps
C．listening; help D．listen; help
B
动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)4.My pen pal Andrew found it difficult ________ Chinese well.
A．learning B．learn
C．to learn D．learned
C
it作形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)5.The book is very intersting, and I have finished ________ it.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
B
finish doing sth.意为“做完某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)6.—Bob spcaks Chinese quite weil.
—Yes, so he does. He practices ________ Chinese every day.
A．spcke B．speak
C．speaks D．speaking
D
practise doing sth.意为“练习做某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)1. 2015·上海Harry has decided ________ an online shop after graduating from school.
A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening
语法专练
B
decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)2.—Why don't you go out to play, Rose
—I'm afraid I can't. I have much homework ________．
A．do B．does C．doing D．to do
D
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)3.The boy ________ in the teacher's office was found ________ yesterday.
A．standing; smoke B．standing; smoking
C．stood; smoke D．stood; smoking
B
句意：站在老师办公室里的那个男孩昨天被发现吸烟了。该题谓语动词是was found，因此the boy后应为非谓语动词，应用现在分词短语作定语；find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)4.—Mr. Zhang, I have trouble ________ the text.
—Remember ________ it three times, and then you can understand it.
A．to understand; reading
B．understanding; reading
C．understanding; to read
D．to understand; to read
C
专题11 　非谓语动词
have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”；remember to do sth.意为“记着去做某事”，表示事情还未做。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)5.—Why not watch TV at home
—I'd love to, but my mother doesn't allow me ________ that.
A．do B．did
C．doing D．to do
D
allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)6.—What should I do, doctor
—________ healthy, you should take more exercise.
A．Keep B．Keeping
C．To keep D．Having kept
C
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)7.His friend ________ Tom is an excellent student.
A．calls B．calling
C．called D．call
C
这里过去分词作定语修饰his friend。故选C。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)8. 2015·随州—Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened
—Joe was telling her some jokes.
A．cry B．laugh
C．to laugh D．to cry
C
hear sb. do sth.在变为被动语态时，to必须加上。故选C。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)9.—Would you like ________ some more fish
—No, thanks. I don't feel like ________ anything now.
A．to have; to eat B．having; to eat
C．to have; eating D．having; eating
C
would like后接动词不定式；feel like后接动名词。
专题11 　非谓语动词
(　　)10.—Will you please give me some advice on ________ English at home
—Well, do a lot of reading and listen to English programs.
A．how to read B．how to learn
C．when to use D．where to use
B
考查“疑问词＋不定式”的用法。根据句意可知选B。