2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题12 主谓—致 (共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
专题12 　主谓—致
专题12 　主谓—致
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主谓
一致 掌握主谓一致的三个原则(就近原则、意义一致原则、语法一致原则) 考查主谓一致的具体运用。
专题12 　主谓—致
1　就近原则
1．there be 句型
当主语是多个事物时，谓语动词与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is a table and two chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
专题12 　主谓—致
There are two chairs and a table in the room. 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
2．either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also… 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。如：
Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了就是我错了。
Not only he but also I am invited.
不仅他被邀请了，我也被邀请了。
专题12 　主谓—致
【典例1】 —What's on the desk
—There ________ a pencil and some books on it.
A．is B．are
C．have D．has
[解析] A　靠近谓语的主语是a pencil，根据就近原则，谓语动词用is。
专题12 　主谓—致
【典例2】 Neither my brother nor my parents ________ interested in the film.
A．are　　　B．is C．am　　D．were
[解析] A　neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语时，谓语要与nor后面的主语保持一致。故本题选A。
专题12 　主谓—致
2　意义一致原则
1．表示时间、金钱、距离、数量、长度等的复数名词作主语时，常被看成整体，视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Twenty years is a long time.
二十年是一段很长的时间。
Ten dollars is enough.十美元足够了。
专题12 　主谓—致
2．以－s结尾的名词(如news, politics, physics等)本身不表示复数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Physics isn't very hard.物理并不是很难。
I don't think the news in the newspaper is true. 我认为报纸上的这则消息不是真的。
3．“the＋形容词”(如the poor, the rich, the old等)表示一类人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The old are taken good care of in this area.
这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。
专题12 　主谓—致
4．集体名词(如 family, class, team, group等)作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。people，police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Class 5 is the best class in our school.
五班是我们学校最好的班。
Class 5 are the winners.五班是胜利者。
The Chinese people are very friendly.
中国人很友好。
专题12 　主谓—致
5．代词(如 some, all, any等)作主语时， 若表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Some of the work was done by me.
一些工作是由我做的。
Some of the students work hard.
一些学生学习很努力。
专题12 　主谓—致
【典例3】 —How soon can you finish this work
—Two days ________ enough for me to finish it. I need a week.
A．isn't B．aren't C．is D．are
[解析] A　根据答语中“我需要一周”可知“对我来说，两天完成这项工作是不够的”。排除C、D；two days表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。
专题12 　主谓—致
3　语法一致原则
1．介词或介词短语作插入语，即主语后有with，together with, including, besides, except, but 等引导的短语作插入语时，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致， 与插入语无关。如：
Mary with her mother is shopping now.
玛丽和她妈妈正在购物。
专题12 　主谓—致
2．非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English.
做大量的练习是提高英语的好方法。
3．不定代词 something, anything, nothing, every－body, one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Someone is waiting for you.有人正在等你。
专题12 　主谓—致
4．常以复数形式出现的名词(如shoes，pants, clothes等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式， 但这些名词前面有a pair of或pairs of修饰时，谓语动词由pair的单复数来决定。如：
The shoes are under the bed.鞋子在床下。
The pair of shoes is under the bed.
那双鞋在床下。
专题12 　主谓—致
5. “one of＋名词复数形式”和“the number of＋名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“a number of＋名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
One of the boys is interested in the story.
其中一个男孩子对这个故事感兴趣。
The number of the students in the school is 2，000. 这所学校的学生人数是2000。
专题12 　主谓—致
【典例4】 —What ________ the number of the students in your school
—About two thousand. A number of them ________ from England.
A．is; are B．is; is
C．are; is D．are; are
[答案] A
专题12 　主谓—致
┃考点过关┃
(　　)1. 2015·六安轻工学校模拟Bob with his friends ________ a party when the snow started.
A．was having B．were having
C．are having D．is having
A
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)2.Not only Jim but also his sister________ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A．will visit B．has visited
C．have visited D．visited
B
not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词在数上与最近的主语保持一致。由于his sister是单数，且由since可知用现在完成时，故答案为B。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)3.—There ________no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick
—All right, Mom.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
A
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)4.Physics ________ more interesting than math, I think.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
(　　)5.This is an ugly little duck. Nobody ________ him except his mother.
A．like B．liked C．loved D．likes
B
D
nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，根据前句谓语is可知本句的时态也是一般现在时。故选D。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)6.The woman behind the girls ________ a famous actress.
A．is B．are
C．have D．had
(　　)7.The news ________ very interesting! Tell me more!
A．is B．are
C．were D．was
A
A
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)8.—He is a doctor and his brother is a doctor, too.
—You mean both he and his brother ________ doctors, right
A．is B．be C．are D．was
C
both…and…连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故选C。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)9.Each of the girls here ________ to the West Lake twice.
A．have gone B．have been
C．has gone D．has been
D
each作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，排除A、B。根据句意可知选D。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)10.—He, together with his parents ________ going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you
—I'm afraid I have to stay at home.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
A
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)1. 2015·安顺Look, the set of keys ________ on the teacher's desk.
A．are B．were
C．is D．was
语法专练
C
名词前面有the set of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)2. 2015·巴中改编This pair of shoes ________ me well, but the shoes ________ expensive.
A．fit; are B．fits; are
C．fits; is D．fit; is
(　　)3.Not only my friends but also I ________ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A．be B．am
C．is D．are
B
B
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)4.A woman with two children ________ along the street at the moment.
A．is walking B．are walking C．walk D．walks
(　　)5.Your trousers ________ dirty. You must wash them at once.
A．were B．isC．are D．was
A
C
trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)6.The woman and her husband________ in the same office.
A．work B．works C．is working D．has worked
(　　)7.—Two months ________ quite a long time.
—Yes, I'm afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
A
A
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)8.Either Mary or he ________ going to London tomorrow. Only one person can go there.
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
(　　)9. 2015·黔东南Climbing hills ________ good for our health.
A．are B．is
C．was D．were
B
B
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)10. 2015·咸宁—What are you going to do this weekend
—I together with my classmates ________ going to climb Mount Qian.
A．is B．am
C．are D．Were
B
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)11. 2015·毕节There ________ a book and some pens in the bag. Please give them to the old man.
A．be B．are C．is D．have
C
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)12. 2015·宜宾Look! The police ________ the food onto the bank of the river.
A．am carrying B．is carrying
C．are carrying D．are carried
C
the police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，根据提示词look可知用现在进行时。故选C。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)13.In our school library there ________ a number of books on science and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.
A．is; are B．are; is
C．has; is D．have; are
B
a number of作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)14.—What ________ two and three
—It's five.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
C
表示数字经过加减乘除等于多少时，谓语动词用单数形式。
专题12 　主谓—致
(　　)15.Both Lily and Lucy ________ to the party yesterday.
A．invited B．was invited
C．had invited D．were invited
D