2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题13 简单句 (共57张PPT)

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名称 2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题13 简单句 (共57张PPT)
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(共57张PPT)
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
陈述句 重点掌握陈述句的基本结构及用法。 考查陈述句与否定句、疑问句之间的转换。
疑问句 重点掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的基本结构及用法。 考查特殊疑问词的正确选择及反意疑问句的应用。
感叹句 掌握感叹句的结构。 考查两种感叹句的基本应用。
祈使句 掌握祈使句的结构及用法。 考查祈使句的应用。
倒装句 重点掌握常见的倒装句的用法。 考查以so和neither开头的倒装句的用法。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
1 陈述句
1.肯定句的基本结构
(1)主语+不及物动词+其他.
The sun is rising.太阳正在升起。
(2)主语十及物动词+宾语+其他.
I bought a book in the bookstore.
我在书店买了一本书。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(3)主语+连系动词+表语+其他.
My father is a teacher.
我父亲是一位老师。
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语+其他.
I gave Jack a present for his birthday.
我送给杰克一件生日礼物。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语+其他.
I asked him to help me with my math.
我让他帮助我学数学。
2.否定句的构成
(1)如果谓语动词中含有be动词、情态动词或助动词,则在这些词的后面直接加not构成否定句。
I am not a student.我不是学生。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(2)如果谓语动词只由行为动词构成,则在行为动词的原形前加上 don't/doesn't/didn't 构成否定句。
如:I don't go to school on Sundays.
星期天我不去上学。
(3)有些词本身表示否定意义,是否定词,如nobody, hardly, never, no one, nothing, few, little, none, neither 等。如:
There's little water in the bottle.
瓶子里没有水了。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(4)有些情态动词的否定形式较为特殊,如:may的否定形式可以是 may not, can't, mustn't; must 的否定形式可以是 can't, needn't, mustn't,要结合具体语境选择恰当的否定形式。如:
—Must I finish the composition today
我必须今天完成这篇作文吗?
—No, you needn't. You can finish it tomorrow.
不,你不必今天完成。你可以明天完成。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(5)had better do sth.的否定形式是 had better not do sth.。如:
You'd better not eat so many hamburgers.
你最好不要吃这么多汉堡。
(6)如果主句是I think/guess/believe…,其后的宾语从句表示否定意义时,常将否定词提到主句中,即否定主句。如:
I don't believe he can carry the box by himslf.
我认为他一个人搬不动这个箱子。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例1】 Mary ________ live in Shanghai now. She lives in London with her father.
A.do B.does
C.don't D.doesn't
[答案] D
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
2 疑问句
1.一般疑问句
(1)结构: Be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他?
(2)答语
Yes,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词.
No,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not.如:
—Is he a docor?他是一位医生吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
—No, he isn't.不,他不是。
—Do you want to go to school 你想去上学吗?
—Yes, I do.是的,我想。
2.特殊疑问句
(1)结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
(2)答语: 根据实际情况作出相应的回答。如
—Which bike is yours
哪辆自行车是你的?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
—The red one.红色的那辆。
(3)选择疑问句
(1)结构:一般疑问句+or+另一个被选择的对象?
特殊疑问句, A or B?如:
—Do you like English or Chinese
你喜欢英语还是汉语?
—I like Chinese.
我喜欢汉语。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Which do you prefer, apples or bananas
苹果和香蕉,你更喜欢哪个?
—Apples.苹果。
(2)答语:根据实际情况回答。
4.反意疑问句
(1)结构:
陈述句(肯定形式)+附加疑问句(否定形式)
陈述句(否定形式)+附加疑问句(肯定形式)
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(2)答语:
与一般疑问句的答语相同,但注意在问答“前否后肯”形式的反意疑问句时,yes和no在意义上的变化(此时yes的意思是“不”,no 的意思是 “是”)。如:
—You didn't go to school yesterday, did you
你昨天没去学校,是吗?
—Yes, I did.不,我去上学了。
—No, I didn't.是的,我没去上学。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(3)附加疑问句部分的注意事项
①附加疑问句部分的主语一般为人称代词主格,但必须和陈述句部分的主语保持一致。如:
Mr. Black teaches you English this term, doesn't he
这学期,布莱克先生教你们英语,不是吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
②陈述句为there be句型,附加疑问句部分用be there。如:
There is a pen on the desk, isn't there
书桌上有一支钢笔,不是吗?
③陈述句的主语是指示代词单数形式、表示物的不定代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句时,附加疑问句部分的主语用 it;如果指示代词是复数形式,则用they。如:
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Drinking too much coffee is bad for your health, isn't it?喝太多咖啡对你的健康有害,不是吗?
These are your books, aren't they
这些是你的书,不是吗?
④陈述句的主语是表示人的不定代词时,附加疑问句部分的主语一般为they,也可以是he。如:
Nobody is late for school, are they
没有人上学迟到,是吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
⑤陈述句为复合句时,附加疑问句部分的主语与主句的主语保持一致;如果复合句是I think/believe/guess that…,附加疑问句部分的主语与从句的主语保持一致。如:
You don't know where your pen pal is from, do you 你不知道你的笔友来自哪里,是吗?
I don't think you are right, are you
我认为你是错误的,不是吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
⑥陈述句是“Do/Be型的肯定祈使句”时,附加疑问句部分用will/won't you结构;如果是否定祈使句,则用will you。如:
Don't make so much noise, will you
不要制造噪声好吗?
Open the door for me, will/won't you
为我开门好吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
⑦陈述句是“Let's型的肯定祈使句”时,附加疑问句部分用shall we;陈述句是“Let me型的肯定祈使句”时,附加疑问句部分用 will you。如:
Let's go swimming, shall we
让我们去游泳好吗?
Let me carry the box for you, will you
让我帮你搬这个箱子好吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
⑧若陈述句中含有 little, few, nothing, nobody, never, none等否定词时,附加疑问句部分用肯定结构。如:
There's nobody in the room, is there
房间里没人,是吗?
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例2】 —________ have you stayed in New York
—For about two weeks.
A.How far B.How long
C.How many D.How often
[解析] B how far意为“多远”,对距离提问;how long意为“多久”,对时间段提问;how many意为“多少”,对数量提问;how often意为“多久一次”,对频率提问。根据答语“大约两周”可知选B。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例3】 She can hardly write her own name, ________?
A.can she B.can't she
C.need she D.needn't she
[答案] A
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
3 感叹句
类型 结构 例句
what
型 What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! What an honest person he is!
他是一个多么诚实的人啊!
What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语! What beautiful flowers they are!
多美的花啊!
how
型 How+主语+谓语! How time flies!
时光飞逝!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How brave the little girl is!
这个小女孩多么勇敢啊!
how
型 How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is!
他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例4】 —________ weather! It's raining.
—Bad luck! We can't go climbing today.
A.What bad B.How bad
C.What fine D.How fine
[解析] A 根据答语“真倒霉,我们今天不能去爬山了”可知上句的句意为“多么糟糕的天气啊!正在下雨”。weather为不可数名词,故用what。故选A。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例5】 —Dad, do you like my picture
—________ It's the nicest one I've ever seen!
A.What beautiful!
B.How careful!
C.How wonderful!
D.What wonderful picture!
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
[解析] C 根据答语中“这是我曾经看到过的最漂亮的一幅画”可知应该是赞叹儿子的画。修饰形容词用how, 故A项错误;B项和句意不符;修饰单数名词用不定冠词a,故D项错误。故选C。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
4 祈使句
类型 结构 例句
Do 型 动词原形+其他;
Don't+动词原形+其他 Turn on the light, please.
请把灯打开。
Be型 Be +表语;
Don't+be+表语 Don't be afraid!
不要害怕。
Let型 Let sb. (not) do sth. Let him not go home.
别让他回家。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例6】 —________ here on time next time, or you'll be punished.
—Sorry for being late again.
A.Be B.Being
C.To be D.Been
[答案] A
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例7】 —________ give up, Mary.
—Thanks for encouraging me.
A.Don't B.Don't be
C.Not be D.Be not
[解析] A 本题考查祈使句的否定句。祈使句的否定直接在动词前加Don't。故选A。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
4 倒装句
结构及意义 例 句
“So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示与前面的情况一样。(肯定式) —He comes from Guilin.他来自桂林。
—So do I.我也是。
“Neither +助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示与前面的情况一样。(否定式) —He isn't a student. 他不是学生。
—Neither is Jenny.珍妮也不是。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
“So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示主语确实如此。 —Li Ming is a brave man.李明是一个勇敢的人。
—So he is.
的确如此。
Here/There+谓语+名词;
Here/There+代词+谓语 Here comes the bus.公交车来了。
Here it is.在这儿。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
【典例8】 —Liu Huan sings quite well. I like him very much.
—________.
A.So am I B.So I do
C.So do I D.So can I
[答案] C
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
┃考点过关┃
(  )1. 2015·合肥45中模拟Philip, please put away your socks, ________?
A.do you B.don't you
C.did you D.won't you
D
表示肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句部分用will you或won't you。故选D。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )2. 2015·合肥45中模拟—I hear Jay's concert will be held in Hefei on May 17th.
—________ exciting message!
A.How B.What
C.How an D.What an
D
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )3.2015·合肥45中模拟—________ do you go to the cinema, Linda
—Not even once!
A.How much B.How soon
C.How often D.How long
C
根据答语“一次也没有”可知是对频率进行提问,故用how often。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )4.—________ smoke here, Dad. Smoking has been banned(禁止) in public places.
—You're right.
A.Don't be B.Be not
C.Not to be D.Don't
D
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )5.2015·六安轻工学校模拟—Who put the key on the desk just now
—I ________.
A.does B.do
C.did D.doing
C
根据时间状语just now可知用一般过去时,这里要用did代替上述的情况。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )6.2015·六安轻工学校模拟He's never been to the Great wall, ________
A.is he B.isn't he
C.hasn't he D.has he
D
陈述句部分含有never,附加疑问句部分用肯定形式,根据前句的助动词has,可知选D。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )7.2015·合肥45中模拟—We like play-ing tennis after school.
—________.
A.So I do B.So do I
C.So am I D.So I am
B
表示“也是如此”用“so+谓语+主语”。根据上句可知这里用助动词do。故选B。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )8.2015·合肥寿春中学模拟—You haven't been to Hawaii, have you
—________. How I wish to go there.
A.Yes, I have B.Yes, I did
C.No, I didn't D.No, I haven't
D
根据答语中“我多么希望去那里”可知对方没有去过夏威夷。对反意疑问句进行回答时,若事实是肯定的,就用yes;若事实是否定的,就用No。故选D。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )1. 2015·安顺I don't think she will agree with us, ________?
A.will she B.won't she
C.don't you D.do you
语法专练
A
I think引导的宾语从句的附加疑问句的主语与从句保持一致。故选A。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )2. 2015·赤峰________ kind girl Nancy is! She is always ready to help the students in trouble.
A.What a B.What C.How D.How a
(  )3. 2015·上海—________ can you finish the report on food safety
—In two days.
A.How far B.How much C.How often D.How soon
A
D
对“in+时间段”提问用how soon。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )4. 2015·乌鲁木齐—He's already come back to Australia, ________?
—Yes. We watched a movie together last night.
A.isn't he B.doesn't he C.hasn't he D.has he
(  )5.Boys and girls, ________ your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.
A.putting up B.to put up C.put up D.put
C
C
根据句意可知是祈使句,put up意为“举起”。故选C。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )6.—I hear Yang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
—________, and ________.
A.So she did; so did I B.So did she; so I did
C.So she was; so I was D.So was she; so I was
A
第一个空表达的意思是“她确实如此”,用“so+主语+谓语”;第二个空表达的意思是“我也一样”,要用“so+谓语+主语”。故选A。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )7.—________ won the 100th gold medal at the Olympics for China
—Zhang Yining. She's from Beijing.
A.Who B.What
C.When D.Where
A
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )8.—________ did you graduate from primary school
—At the age of 11. A.When B.How
C.Where D.Why
A
由答语可知是对时间提问,故选A。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )9.________ sunny day! Let's go surfing, Frank!
A.What a B.What
C.How a D.How an
A
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )10.The sun is so bright. Let's go fishing, ________?
A.don't you B.will you
C.do you D.shall we
D
let's型祈使句的附加疑问句部分用shall we。故选D。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )11. 2015·宿迁—________ have you lived in Suqian, Jane
—For about 16 years.
A.How many B.How much
C.How long D.How often
for about 16 years为一段时间,对其提问用how long。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )12. 2015·曲靖________ funny the joke is! It makes us smile from ears to ears.
A.What an B.What C.How an D. How
D
感叹句中修饰形容词用how。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )13. 2015·黄石—I'm leaving for Xisai Mountain this afternoon.
—________ you have packed everything.
A.To be sure B.Been sure
C.Being sure D.Be sure
D
答语句意:确保你把所有的东西都收拾好了。根据句意可知本句为祈使句。祈使句句首用动词原形。故选D。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )14. 2015·眉山________ swim alone in the river, ________?
A.Not; don't you B.Not; do you
C.Don't; will you D.Don't; shall we
C
祈使句的否定句是在动词前直接加Don't;表示否定意义的祈使句的附加疑问句为will you。故选C。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )15. 2015·镇江—Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(《百年孤独》) has been printed again
—It is expected to be. ________ un-usual novel it is!
A.What B.What a
C.How D.What an
D
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )16.—________ stay uptoo late, or you will feel tired in class next day.
—I won't, Mom.
A.Not B.Don't
C.Didn't D.Isn't
B
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )17.—My parents never stop going on about (唠叨)how I should study hard.
—________.
A.So my parents do B.Nor my parents do
C.Nor do my parents D.So do my parents
C
由上句中的never可知这是一个否定句,当表示前面的情况也适于另一个人时,用“nor+谓语+主语”结构,排除A、D,B项的语序不正确,故选C。
专题13  简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(  )18.—It's terribly cold today, isn't it
—Yes. ________ yesterday.
A.So it was B.So was it
C.So it is D.So is it
B