2024年中考英语复习课件 语法专题14 复合句 (共59张PPT)

(共59张PPT)
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
宾语
从句 掌握三种基本的宾语从句及其引导词、语序和时态。 考查宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态。
状语
从句 掌握状语从句的分类及其常见的几种状语从句的用法。 重点考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句的用法。
定语
从句 重点掌握定语从句的引导词与先行词的用法。 重点考查定语从句中关系代词that，which，who的用法。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
1　宾语从句
宾语从句是安徽中考的必考点之一，因此掌握此语法项目非常重要。对于宾语从句的把握，主要从语序、引导词和时态三个方面来进行。
1．宾语从句的语序
无论引导词是that, if, whether还是特殊疑问词，宾语从句的语序必须用陈述句语序。如：
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
Do you know what he is doing
你知道他正在做什么吗？
2．宾语从句的引导词
(1)由that引导的宾语从句
这种宾语从句一般为陈述句，that在句中不充当任何成分，一般可省略。如：
I didn't know (that)he had come back from Shanghai.我不知道他已经从上海回来了。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(2)由if或whether引导的宾语从句
if和whether表示“是否”，在句中不作任何成分，通常可以互换(从句中有or not时，一般只能用 whether)。如：
I wonder whether or not he has come back.
我想知道他是否回来了。
(3)由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句
疑问代词 who，what, which, whom 在从句中作主语或宾语等。疑问副词when, where, why，how等在从句中作状语。如：
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
Do you know where he lives 你知道他住哪儿吗？
3．宾语从句的时态
(1)主句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词的时态根据具体情况进行选择。如：
He says that he'll pass the exam.
他说他会通过考试的。
He says that he came hack yesterday.
他说他昨天回来的。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(2)主句时态是一般过去时，从句谓语动词用相应的过去时态。如：
She said that there were many books on the desk.她说桌子上有很多书。
He told me (that) he had finished his work.
他告诉我他已经完成了他的工作。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(3)如果从句是客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态影响，用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told his students that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉学生们地球围绕太阳转。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例1】 —Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is
—I'm not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A．who B．what C．where D．how
[解析] B　考查宾语从句的引导词。由答语“可能是一名记者”可知上句应该是对职业进行询问，意为“你知道那个戴眼镜的人是做什么的吗？”故选B。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例2】 —Can you tell me ________ your parents at home
—I often wash clothes and sweep the floor.
A．how will you help
B．how you help
C．how you will help
D．how do you help
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
[解析] B　考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词不变，但用陈述语序，可排除A、D；由答语中的频度副词often可知时态应为一般现在时，排除C，故选B。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
2　状语从句
一个句子在复合句中作状语时，该句叫状语从句。其考点是从句的引导词及主从句时态一致的问题。
1．时间状语从句
由when, before, after, until，as soon as, while, as, since等引导的状语从句叫时间状语从句。如：
I'll call you as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就给你打电话。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才去睡觉。
2．条件状语从句
由if (如果), as long as(只要)等引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。如：
We'll go there by bike if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
3．其他状语从句及其引导词
从句名称 　　引导词
原因状语从句 because, as, since
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
让步状语从句 though/although, even if
比较状语从句 than, as…as, not as…as
结果状语从句 so…that, such…that
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
4.主句与从句时态一致
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主从复合句的时态一般有三种情况：
(1)主现从现：苦主句是祈使句或主句中含有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。如：
Be careful when you cross the road.
当你过马路时要小心。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(2)主将从现：主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：
I will visit my good friend when I have time.
当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好朋友。
(3)过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情， 主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：
My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例3】 After school I found Mother was in bed sick. ________ mother was ill, I should do something for her.
A．So B．Though
C．Since D．If
[解析] C　句意：放学后我发现妈妈病了，躺在床上。既然妈妈病了，我应该为她做些事情。表示“由于；既然”用since。故选C。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例4】 —Did you catch what the teacher said
—No. She spoke so fast ________ I couldn't hear her very clearly.
A．which B．that
C．when D．since
[答案] B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
3　定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其考点在于关系词that，which, who的选用。
1．that既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。如：
The train that has just left is for Shanghai. (that指物，作主语，不可省略)
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。
Are these the photos (that) you took last summer (that指物，作宾语，可省略)
这些是你去年夏天拍的照片吗？
2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略，which和that一般可互换。如：
The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.我想买的那台电脑卖光了。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
3．who，whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。在口语中， 有时可用who或that代替whom, whom也可省略。如：
The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter.
那位钢琴弹得很好的女孩是他女儿。
Where is the girl (who/whom)you met last night？你昨晚遇到的女孩在哪儿？
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
[提示]当关系代词作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。
4．当关系代词指物时，下列情况只能用 that而不能用which。
(1)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 时。如：
It is the largest map that I have ever seen.
它是我见过的最大的地图。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(2)当先行词被 the only, any, no, all, little, few, the very等词修饰时。如：
This is the only thing that you should care about.这是你唯一应该关心的事情。
(3)当先行词为all, something, everything, none, much, no one, the one等代词时。如：
There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.这个房间里没有属于你的东西。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(4)当先行词同时含有人和物时。如：
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.
我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人和事。
(5)当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句时。如：
Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Mo Yan
你昨天买的哪本书是莫言写的？
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例5】 —Do you like Xiaoshenyang
—Oh, yes, I like the person ________ can make me happy.
A．who B．which
C．whom D．whose
[答案] A
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
【典例6】 —What are you looking for
—I'm looking for the pen ________ I bought yesterday.
A．who B．which
C．whose D．whom
[答案] B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
┃考点过关┃
(　　)1. 2015·安徽—It's so late. Why not write the report tomorrow
—But I don't know ________ I can do it if not now.
A．why B．when C．how D．where
B
根据答语句意“如果我现在不做，我不知道什么时候才能做”可知横线处表示时间。故选B。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)2. 2013·安徽I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago.
A．what B．who
C．that D．which
C
先行词中同时含有人和物时，定语从句的引导词用that。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)3. 2015·合肥包河区二模—What do you think of the speech given by the American writer
—It was boring. I wasn't interested at all in ________ he said.
A．that B．what C．which D．how
B
这里用what代替美国作家说的话。故选B。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)4. 2015·合肥包河区一模—Could you imagine ________？
—He must be careful and warm!
A．how he would serve us B．how would he serve us
C．how he will serve us D．how will he serve us
C
宾语从句是特殊疑问句，要用陈述语序，排除B、D；根据句意可知用一般将来时，排除A。故选C。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)5. 2013·河北If you can't find the place, I will show you ________？
A．what it is B．what it was
C．where it is D．where it was
(　　)6. 2015·合肥38中三模I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.
A．which B．who
C．what D．whose
C
D
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)7. 2015·安庆中考三模—Do you remember ________ he came here
—Of course I do. His father drove him here.
A．whether B．when
C．how D．why
C
根据答语中“他父亲开车送他到这里的”可知是对方式提问。故用how。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)8. 2015·阜阳三中二模Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.
A．rise B．rose C．rising D．rises
D
宾语从句是客观真理，用一般现在时。故选D。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)9. 2015·安庆外国语学校一模The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada.
A．which B．who
C．whose D．whom
B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)10. 2015·安徽中考模拟—Nobody knows ________ he was after he graduated from Beijing University.
—But I was once told he was a doctor working in a faraway village.
A．what B．who C．where D．how
A
考查宾语从句的引导词。由答语中“…he was a doctor…”可知是询问职业，故选A。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)1.He worked late into the night ________ he could earn enough money.
A．so as to B．in order to
C．in order that D．such that
语法专练
C
句意：他工作到深夜，目的是能挣足够的钱。in order that后接从句。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)2.My brother was playing chess with me ________ the phone rang.
A．when B．while C．until D．if
A
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)3.—When did you go to bed last night
—I didn't go to bed ________ I finished my homework.
A．when B．until C．after D．while
(　　)4. 2015·孝感Her grandfather lives a simple life ________ he has much money.
A．because B．so
C．though D．if
B
C
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)5. 2015·金华Mr. Smith is popular with the students ________ he always makes his class interesting.
A．until B．while
C．because D．although
C
句意：史密斯先生受学生欢迎是因为他一直使他的课很有趣。 根据句意可知前后两句是表示因果关系。故选C。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)6.—Who's this
—This is the man ________ I mentioned to you yesterday.
A．what B．whose
C．whom D．which
C
先行词the man指人且在句中作宾语，引导词用whom。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)7.—I wonder ________．
—I'm afraid we'll be late.
A．how can we on time
B．when they'll reach the cinema
C．why they got to school late
D．whether we will get to school on time.
D
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)8. 2015·十堰He likes low－carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash.
A．where B．what
C．which D．in which
C
先行词the house指物， 且在从句中作宾语，引导词用which。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)9. 2015·绵阳—Will you please give the Readers Times to Jane
—Sure, I'll give it to her________ she comes back.
A．before B．until
C．because D．as soon as
D
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)10. 2015·镇江—Granny, the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.
—Oh, could you tell me ________？
A．how did you go to the park
B．what you did in the trip
C．that you saw something beautiful
D．if your friends had played with you
B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)11. 2015·南宁—Your English is so good. Can you tell us ________？
—At home－school. My father taught me.
A．where did you learn it
B．where will you learn it
C．where you learnt it
D．where you will learn it
C
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)12.The first bike________ my uncle bought me was nice.
A．who B．that C．which D．what
B
先行词由序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)13.—There are so many boys over there. Which one is your brother's
—The one ________ hat is yellow.
A．who B．whose
C．that D．which
B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)14.Please answer it in a loud voice ________ all the students can hear.
A．when B．so that C．though D．because
B
句意：请大声回答问题，以便所有的学生都能听得到。so that意为“以便”。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)15.—Can I sit here
—Of course. You can take any seat ________ you like.
A．as well as B．unless
C．when D．as long as
D
　　答语句意：当然。只要你喜欢，你可以坐在任何一个座位上。as long as意为“只要”。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)16.2015·孝感All the students like the teachers ________ can understand them well.
A．what B．who
C．whom D．which
(　　)17.2015·莱芜Even the simplest food will taste delicious ________ it is prepared with love.
A．though B．if
C．so D．but
B
B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)18. 2015·潍坊Tommy couldn't stop thinking about the boy ________ made him a fool in front of the whole class.
A．whom B．which C．what D．who
(　　)19.Everything depends on ________ it is fine tomorrow.
A．if B．what C．how D．whether
D
D
句意：一切取决于明天是否晴天。排除B、C；介词后用whether。故选D。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)20.________ Mary received many presents on her birthday, she didn't feel happy.
A．Because B．Though C．If D．So
(　　)21.—Is everything ________ we need to do done
—Yes. You needn't worry about it.
A．which B．that C．who D．whose
B
B
先行词为everything时，引导词只能用that。故选B。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)22.—Did you see who the driver was
—No, the car ran so fast ________ I couldn't get a good look at his face.
A．that B．which
C．as D．after
A
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)23.—Can you tell me ________it is from here to the Summer Palace
—Let me see. It's about 15 minutes' ride.
A．how long B．how soon
C．how much D．how far
D
　　考查宾语从句的引导词。由答语“骑车大约15分钟”可知是询问路程，故选D。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)24. 2015·广东When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A．who B．that
C．which D．whom
B
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)25. 2015·滨州—Do you know the girl ______ is talking with our teacher
—Oh, she's my sister.
A．who B．whose
C．whom D．where
A
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)26. 2015·金华—Jimmy, the 2015 FIFA World Cup is coming. Do you know ________ the first match will be on
—On June 13th.
A．how B．where C．why D．when
D
根据答语中的“6月13日”可知是对时间提问。故选D。
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)27. 2015·苏州—I don't understand ________．
—I'm sorry, but I was doing my homework.
A．why you didn't watch the football match
B．why didn't you watch the football match
C．why you don't watch the football match
D．why don't you watch the football match
A
专题14 　复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
(　　)28. 2015·威海You didn't know ________ I wanted to see you. It's a year since I last saw you.
A．how often B．how long
C．how much D．how far
C