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专题6 形容词和副词
专题6 形容词和副词
┃考点直击 ┃
【考纲解读】
考点 课标要求 命题预测
形容词/副词 掌握形容词/副词的词义、语法功能及易混形容词/副词的用法辨析。 考查形容词/副词在具体语境中的应用。
形容词/副词的等级 掌握形容词/副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法。 考查形容词/副词的原级、比较级、最高级的具体运用。
专题6 形容词和副词
(1)形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态。
(2)副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子,表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。
专题6 形容词和副词
1 形容词词义辨析
近五年,安徽省中考对形容词词义辨析的考查主要是在不同的语言环境中,通过对上下文的理解准确掌握一些词义相同或相近的形容词的意义及用法,然后做出正确的选择。形容词的词义辨析是中考考查形容词的—个重要形式。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例1】 —What kind of books do you like
—I like funny storybooks. They're very ________.
A.boring B.lazy
C.quiet D.interesting
[解析] D 本题考查形容词词义辨析。boring意为“无聊的”;lazy意为“懒惰的”;quiet意为“安静的”;interesting意为“有趣的”。根据答语中“我喜欢有趣的故事书”可知,这些书应该是“有趣的”。
专题6 形容词和副词
2 副词词义辨析
副词词义辨析的考查形式与形容词词义辨析相同。近年来,副词词义辨析成为了中考中的一个热点。
专题6 形容词和副词
副词的分类 常考副词
时间副词 late 迟; early在早期; never 绝不; seldom 很少; sometimes 有时; often 经常; usually 通常; always 总是; immediately 立即,马上; once 曾经; suddenly 突然; already 已经; yet还; soon很快; still仍然; then然后; just正好
地点副词 here 这儿;there 那儿;inside 在里面;outside 在外面; everywhere 到处
专题6 形容词和副词
方式副词 badly糟糕地;bravely勇敢地;calmly平静地;carefully仔细地;angrily生气地;happily愉快地;slowly缓慢地;hard刻苦地;well好地;fast快速地;clearly清晰地; quickly快速地; safely安全地; luckily幸运地; strongly强烈地; loudly大声地; certainly 确定地; especially 尤其; really 真正地
程度副词 completely完整地;nearly几乎;almost差不多;deeply深深地;hardly几乎不; quite十分,非常;very非常;rather相当,颇; much很
疑问副词 how怎样;when何时;where何地;why为何
频度副词 twice两次;weekly每周;always总是;often经常;never从不;daily天天; usually 通常;sometimes 有时
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例2】 —The girls are talking about the art festival ________.
—Yes. They have so many fun things to share.
A.easily B.angrily
C.sadly D.happily
[解析] D easily意为“容易地”;angrily意为“生气地”;sadly意为“悲伤地”;happily意为“高兴地”。根据答语中“有如此多有趣的事去分享”可知,这些女孩在高兴地谈论着艺术节。故选D。
专题6 形容词和副词
3 形容词和副词比较等级的构成及用法
1.形容词/副词的比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化
专题6 形容词和副词
种类 构成 例词
一般情况 加-er, -est tall→taller
→tallest;
long→longer →longest
以不发音字母e结尾的单音节词 加-r,-st nice→nicer→nicest;
large→larger→largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 先双写该辅音字母,再加 -er, -est big→bigger→
biggest;
thin→thinner→thinnest
专题6 形容词和副词
“以辅音字母+ y”结尾的词 先变y为i,再加-er,-est busy→busier→busiest;
funny→funnier→funniest
部分双音节词
和多音节词 前面加
more, most important→more
important→most
important;
easily→more easily→
most easily
专题6 形容词和副词
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
little less least
bad/ill worse worst
much/many more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
专题6 形容词和副词
2.比较等级的用法
(1)当表示两者程度相同时,用“as+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象”。如:
Are you as careful as Simon 你和西蒙一样认真吗?
(2)当表示一方不如另一方时,用“not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象”。如:
He doesn't write as/so carefully as me.
他不如我写得认真。
专题6 形容词和副词
(3)当表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+ than+比较对象”。如:
He is taller than me.他比我高。
(4)当表示在三个或三个以上的人或物中程度最高时,用“the+最高级+in/of/among+范围”。如:
She sings (the)best of all.在所有人中,她唱得最好。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例3】 I'm ________ at drawing than Linda.
A.better B.good
C.well D.best
[解析] A 根据句中的比较词than可知用比较级。故选A。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例4】 Li Hua's shoes are as ________ as Zhang Hui's.
A.cheap B.cheaper
C.the cheaper D.the cheapest
[答案] A
专题6 形容词和副词
4 形容词的习惯搭配
表示人口的“多少”习惯用large, small表示;而不用much, little。表示价格的“高低”用 high, low;而不用 expensive, cheap 等。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例5】 The population of China is ________ than that of the US.
A.more B.larger
C.fewer D.smaller
[解析] B 表示人口的“多少”用large或small,由常识判断中国的人口比美国的人口多。故选B。
专题6 形容词和副词
5 比较等级的修饰词
比较级常用 much, even, far, a lot, a bit, a little等词来修饰;very, quite, so, too多修饰原级。如:
It's even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天更冷。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例6】 —Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates
—Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much________.
A.easily B.more easily
C.easy D.easier
[解析] D 答语句意:尽力对他们友好,那会使它(与同学友好相处)变得更容易。much修饰形容词/副词的比较级, “make+n.+adj.”为固定结构。故选D。
专题6 形容词和副词
6 特殊结构
(1)“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”。如:
The weather gets warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。
专题6 形容词和副词
(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。如:
The more you read, the more interested you will become in J. K. Rowling's books.你读得越多, 你就越会对J. K. Rowling的书感兴趣。
(3)“the+比较级+of the two(+可数名词复数)”表示“二者中较……的”。如:
Paul is the fatter of the two children in his family. 保罗是他家两个孩子中较胖的。
专题6 形容词和副词
(4)“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示 “最……之一”。最高级前还可以用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如:
That is one of Jim's most interesting books.
那是吉姆最有趣的书之一。
(5)“序数词+最高级”表示“第……最……的”。如:
Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.海南岛是中国第二大岛。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例7】 Remember, everyone. ________ you work at English, ________ result you'll get.
A.The better; the harder
B.The harder; the better
C.The hard; the better
D.The harder; the good
专题6 形容词和副词
[解析] B 句意:大家要记住,你越努力学习英语,你取得的成绩就越好。“the+比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……就越……”。故选B。
专题6 形容词和副词
【典例8】 Tian'anmen Square is one of ________ squares in the world.
A.large B.larger
C.largest D.the largest
[答案] D
专题6 形容词和副词
┃考点过关┃
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1. 2015·安徽It is ________ for me to follow the Australian guests because I am good at English.
A.bad B.easy
C.hard D.right
B
专题6 形容词和副词
( )2. 2015·安徽If my friends have any problems, my door is ________ open to them.
A.never B.seldom
C.sometimes D.always
D
专题6 形容词和副词
( )3. 2015·安徽—________ will you finish this English exam
—In about one and a half hours.
A.How far B.How often
C.How soon D.How long
C
考查疑问副词的用法。 how soon表示“还要多久才……”,一般用于将来时。由答语“大约一个半小时后”可知选C。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )4. 2015·安徽—Tony, ________ are you in such a hurry
—The meeting will start soon. I don't want to be late.
A.where B.how
C.when D.why
D
专题6 形容词和副词
( )5. 2015·安徽—What was Jim wearing in the party
—Nothing ________. He was in his usual shirt and jeans.
A.special B.simple C.important D.interesting
A
考查形容词词义辨析。根据答语“他穿着平时的衬衫和牛仔裤。”可推断他穿得很随意。故选A。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )6. 2015·安徽—Our school bus will leave at 8 o'clock tomorrow. Don't be late.
—OK. I will be there ten minutes ________.
A.sooner B.slower
C.faster D.earlier
D
考查形容词比较等级辨析。 句意:“我们的校车将在明天早晨8点出发,不要迟到。”“好的,我会早到十分钟”。故选D。
专题6 形容词和副词
Ⅱ.单词拼写
根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写, 使句意明确,语言通顺。
1.2015·安徽The Internet is becoming a u________ (有用的) tool for students.
2.2015·安徽You are b ________ (勇敢的)enough to accept such a difficult job.
seful
rave
专题6 形容词和副词
3. 2015·安徽What do you like to do in your f________ (空闲的) time
4.2015·合肥包河区二模Mr. Huang is still very a________ (活跃的)although he is quite old.
5.2015·合肥50中模拟There are many people flying kites h________ (愉快地) at Heping Square. Let's join them.
ree
ctive
appily
专题6 形容词和副词
( )1. 2015·滨州—Tom, are you ______ boy in your class
—No, but John is. I'm shorter than him.
A.the tallest B.the shortest
C.the youngest D.the oldest
语法专练
A
专题6 形容词和副词
( )2. 2015·河池The baby is sleeping. Please walk into the room ________.
A.quiet B.quietly
C.heavy D.heavily
B
专题6 形容词和副词
( )3. 2015·咸宁—What do you think of her teaching English
—Great! No one teaches ________ in our school.
A.good B.worse
C.better D.best
C
句意:“你觉得她的英语教学怎么样?”“太棒了,在我们学校里没人教得比她更好”。根据句意可知,用比较级。故选C。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )4. 2015·泰安—Is your headache getting ________?
—No, it's worse.
A.better B.bad
C.less D.well
A
根据答语“没有,变得更糟了”可知,上句是问“你的头疼好些了吗”。故选A。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )5.Some students are so ________ that they often make mistakes in their homework.
A.carful B.serious
C.careless D.successful
C
专题6 形容词和副词
( )6.The music in the room sounds so ________ that I don't want to stay here any more.
A.soft B.wonderful
C.friendly D.noisy
D
根据“I don't want to stay here any more”可知音乐听起来是“喧闹的”。故选D。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )7.—It's one o'clock. I feel a little ________.
—Here is some bread. You can eat it.
A.nervous B.delicious
C.hungry D.warm
C
专题6 形容词和副词
( )8.The bag of rice is ________ heavy for Jack to carry. Let's go and help him.
A.quite B.too C.very D.so
B
“too…to…”意为“太……而不能……”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )9.Mom, my sweater is too small. Would you buy me a ________ one
A.large B.nice
C.larger D.nicer
C
根据前句“妈妈,我的毛衣太小了”可知,是要求妈妈买一件大点儿的,前后进行比较用比较级。故选C。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )10.Mr. Wang was ________ with my answer and gave me a big smile.
A.strict B.pleased
C.angry D.sorry
B
根据“gave me a smile”可知,王老师对我的回答感到满意。be pleased with意为“对……满意”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )11. 2015·合肥包河区三模Mike lives on the 10th floor while his uncle Sam lives 4 floors ________ in the same building.
A.taller B.higher
C.wider D.farther
B
表示细长物体的高度用high。故选B。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )12. 2015·蚌埠三中模拟—What are you busy with these days
—I ________ study for the coming exam.
A.hardly B.mainly
C.nearly D.exactly
B
句意:“这些天你在忙什么?”“我主要在为即将到来的考试而学习。mainly意为“主要地”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )13. 2015·亳州二中模拟I know this plan is far from perfect, but I really can't think of ________ one.
A.the better B.a better
C.a best D.the best
B
句意:我知道这个计划并不完美,但是我真的想不出一个更好的。根据句意可知,用比较级,表示泛指用不定冠词a。故选B。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )14. 2015·济宁—Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever
—Yes. It sounds ________.
A.well B.loudly
C.sweet D.beautifully
C
sound为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。故选C。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )14. 2015·济宁—Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever
—Yes. It sounds ________.
A.well B.loudly
C.sweet D.beautifully
B
根据答语中“她感到有点虚弱”可知,山顶上空气比较“稀薄”。thin表示“稀薄的”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )15. 2015·合肥38中二模—How does Linda feel on the top of the mountain
—The air there is usually much ________. She feels a little weak.
A.funnier B.thinner
C.simple D.calmer
D
专题6 形容词和副词
( )16. 2015·六安皋城中学三模We must say “No” to smoking, ________ in public places.
A.probably B.generally
C.normally D.especially
A
专题6 形容词和副词
( )17. 2015·台州The fruits are ________, because they were picked from the garden just now.
A.fresh B.cheap
C.big D.unhealthy
C
专题6 形容词和副词
( )18. 2015·无锡A little wine will not be ________ to your health. Just don't drink too much.
A.helpful B.helpless
C.harmful D.harmless
B
根据“不要喝太多”可知,“喝一点酒不会对身体造成伤害”。be harmful to意为“对……有害”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )19. 2015·梅州We are so glad to see Meizhou is developing ________ these years than it did before.
A.more quickly
B.the more quickly
C.most quickly
D.the most quickly
A
专题6 形容词和副词
( )20. 2015·金华After training for two months, we ________ won the first prize for the competition.
A.actually B.finally
C.usually D.hardly
B
专题6 形容词和副词
( )21. 2015·合肥寿春中学模拟—Do you think Hefei is a ________ city
—Certainly. It has beautiful buildings, tidy streets and hard-working people.
A.likely B.lonely C.lively D.lately
C
根据答语中“它有美丽的建筑,干净的街道和辛勤努力的人们”可知,合肥是一个充满活力的城市。lively意为“充满活力的”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )22. 2015·昆明—It's smoggy these days. That's terrible!
—Yes. I hope to plant trees. ________ trees, ________ air pollution.
A.The more; the fewer B.The less; the more
C.The less; the fewer D.The more; the less
D
答语句意:树越多,空气污染越少。tree是可数名词;pollution是不可数名词。故选D。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )23. 2015·连云港Mr. Black used to be busy. But now he is retired and ________, so he has plenty of time to exercise.
A.hard B.calm
C.free D.nervous
C
根据“布莱克先生现在有很多时间锻炼身体”可知,现在他是“空闲的”。故选C。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )24. 2015·绵阳—Alex, did you find our old school last week
—Yes, but with much difficulty, for it has________ changed over these years.
A.completely B.never C.hardly D.partly
A
句意:“阿莱克斯,上周你找到我们的母校了吗?”“找到了,但是遇到了很多困难,因为这些年它已经完全改变了。” completely意为“完全地;彻底地”。
专题6 形容词和副词
( )25. 2015·南昌You have to be ________ and wait until I finish my work.
A.patient B.strict
C.honest D.active
A
专题6 形容词和副词
( )26. 2015·六安皋城中学三模—What do you think of the traffic in Lu'an
—It's ________ than it used to be, but there's still a long way to go.
A.worse B.worst
C.better D.best
C
专题6 形容词和副词
( )26. 2015·六安皋城中学三模—What do you think of the traffic in Lu'an
—It's ________ than it used to be, but there's still a long way to go.
A.worse B.worst
C.better D.best
专题6 形容词和副词
( )27. 2015·合肥38中二模—What do you think of the singer Liu Huan
—He is a famous singer. And he is ________ bringing us nice songs.
A.always B.seldom
C.never D.hardly
A
专题6 形容词和副词
( )28. 2015·嘉兴My grandfather is over 80,but he is still in good health and stay ________.
A.safe B.warm
C.awake D.active
D
句意:我祖父80多岁了,但他仍然身体健康并且很活跃。active意为“活跃的”。