2024届高考英语阅读理解必会词汇及句型（二）课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
高考英语阅读理解
必会词汇和句型（二）
题型分析
01
1.be in possession of… 占有某物
2.valid adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的
adj. validated 经过验证的 validating 确认的；有效的
adv. validly 合法地；正当地；妥当地
n. validation 确认；批准；生效 validness 有效；正确
3. as scheduled 如期；按照预定时间
4. guarantee n. 保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品 vt. 保证；担保
adj. guaranteed 有保证的，；有人担保的
5. be located at… 位于
6. mobility n. 移动性；机动性；[电子] 迁移率 adj. mobile 机动的；易变的，；非固定的
7. familiarity n. 熟悉，精通；亲密；随便
8. suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑
9. transformative adj. 变化的，变形的；有改革能力的
10. annually adv. 每年；一年一次
11. intoxicating adj. 令人陶醉的
12. ramble v. （在乡间）漫步，闲逛；漫谈，闲聊；（植物）蔓生
n. （在乡间的）漫步，闲逛；（杂乱无章的）长篇大论
13. checkup n. 审查，检查；健康检查
14. conservative adj. 保守的 n. 保守派，守旧者
15. sensor n. 传感器
16. faint adj. 模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的；[医] 衰弱的
vi. 昏倒；变得微弱；变得没气力
n. [中医] 昏厥，昏倒
17. spray n. 喷雾，喷雾剂；喷雾器；水沫；（用作装饰的）小树枝，小花枝 vt. 喷
18.transmission n. 传动装置，[机] 变速器；传递；传送；播送
19. empowered adj. 获得授权的，被赋予权力的 v. 授权，授与权力；增加自主权，使控制局势
passionate adj. 慈悲的；富于同情心的 vt. 同情；怜悯 n. compassion 同情；怜悯
21. imperfection n. 不完美；瑕疵；缺点
22. metaphorical adj. 比喻性的，隐喻性的
23. temporarily adv. 临时地，临时
24. win out 赢出最后;获得成功胜利;胜出
25. stand out 突出；站出来；坚持到底；坚决反对
26. by comparison with 与...相比,同...比较起来
27. bottom line 结果；概要；账本底线；关键
28. top secret adj. 最高机密的，绝密的
29. spacecraft n. [航] 宇宙飞船，航天器
30. probe n. 探针；调查 vi. 调查；探测 vt. 探查；用探针探测
31. crater n. 火山口；弹坑 vt. 在…上形成坑；取消；毁坏 vi. 形成坑；消亡
32. interactive adj. 交互式的；相互作用的
33. spatial adj. 空间的；存在于空间的；受空间条件限制的
34. cognition n. 认识；知识；认识能力
35. rotate vi. 旋转；循环 vt. 使旋转；使转动；使轮流 adj. [植] 辐状的
36. showcase n. 展示（本领、才华或优良品质）的场合；（商店或博物馆等的）玻璃柜台，玻璃陈列柜
37. wetland n. 湿地；沼泽地
38. collapsed adj. 倒塌的；暴跌的；收缩的；倾陷了的
v. 倒塌；崩溃（collapse的过去分词）；价格暴跌
39. massive adj. 大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的
40.stable adj. 稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的；（化学术语）稳定的
n. 马厩；养马场；（属同一马主或驯马师的）一群赛马；（同一地方工作的）一批人，（同一公司生产的）系列产品；（提供相同训练的）组织，机构
v. 赶入马房，把（马）拴在马厩；（被）关在马厩
41.shelve vt. 将（书等）放置在架子上；搁置，将某事放到一旁不予考虑；将…搁在一边；装搁架于；罢免
vi. （陆地）逐渐倾斜
42.wonderment n. 惊奇；惊叹
43.haven n. 保护区，避难所；港口 v. 为……提供避难所
44.piracy n. 海盗行为；剽窃；著作权侵害；非法翻印
45.inseparable adj. 不可分的；不愿分开的；（前缀）不可单独成词的；（德语动词）屈折变化时前缀和词根不可分的 n. 不能分开的人（或事物
46.curve n. 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表 vt. 弯；使弯曲 vi. 成曲形 adj. 弯曲的；曲线形的
47. tone n. 语气；色调；音调；音色 vt. 增强；用某种调子说 vi. 颜色调和；呈现悦目色调
48.auctio n. 拍卖；（桥牌）叫牌阶段 v. 拍卖，竞卖
49.bidder n. 投标人；出价人；命令者
15．A majority of people hold the belief that climate change is the pressing threat for mankind.
大多数人认为气候变化是人类面临的紧迫威胁。
16．The cause of natural disaster is the behavior of human beings. 引起自然灾害的原因是人类的行为。
17．He was caught in a heavy rain on his way to the interview.他在去面试的路上遇上了大雨。
18．Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we live in harmony with nature and save ourselves.只有改变我们对待环境的方式，我们才能与自然和谐相处，拯救我们自己。
19．Better living conditions can really be reached on condition that the environment is well protected.只有保护好环境，才能真正拥有更好的生活条件。
20．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水被污染，动物生活的环境被破坏。
21．People cut down one forest after another so that some animals have nowhere to live.
人们砍伐了一片又一片的森林，使得一些动物无处可住。
22．Fortunately, after the earthquake, the whole country took action right away to help the locals out of the disaster.
幸运地是，地震后全国人民立刻行动起来，帮助当地人渡过难关。
23．The government would provide financial aid for farmers who suffered big losses.
政府宣布将给那些遭受巨大损失的农民们提供财政援助。
24．Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to people's lives.
最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风、洪水等严重地危害了人们的生命安全。
25．Fortunately, after the earthquake, the whole country took action right away to help the locals out of the disaster.
幸运地是，地震后全国人民立刻行动起来，帮助当地人渡过难关。
26．The government would provide financial aid for farmers who suffered big losses.
政府宣布将给那些遭受巨大损失的农民们提供财政援助。
27．Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to people's lives.
最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风、洪水等严重地危害了人们的生命安全。
28．一场可怕的地震几乎摧毁了一切，把一切变成了废墟。
A terrible earthquake nearly destroyed everything,leaving almost everything in ruins.
29．我衷心希望灾区人民早日渡过难关。
I sincerely hope that the people in the disaster stricken area will soon get through difficulties.
30．她回到家，结果却发现她的家具被洪水毁坏了。
She returned home, only to find her furniture ruined by the flood.
31．因为这个地震，一座大城市在可怕的十五秒内变成了废墟。
As a consequence of the earthquake, a large city lay in ruins in fifteen terrible seconds.
模拟练习
02
Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale’s stomach. “It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic.” he said “It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball.” That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more,” Blatchley added.
Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D’Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale’s system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.
“Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf,” he said. “Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant.”
Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. “If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,” he said.
4. What can he inferred from the second paragraph
A. The whale was starved to death.
B. Blatchley was shocked at what he found.
C. The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.
D. Blatchley didn’t make preparations for the necropsy.
5. What will be shown in the D’Bone Collector Museum
A. Waste collected from the ocean.
B. The whole system of the whale.
C. Things found in the whale’s body.
D. Many different tools of whaling.
6. What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines
A. Uncommon. B. Worrying. C. Inspiring. D. Mild.
7.What is the best title for the text
A. A Whale Found Dead of Plastic
B. Stand Up for Protecting Whales
C. Plastic Threatening Our Existence
D. Natural Death or Merciless Murder
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale’s stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故B项正确。
5.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale’s system.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故C项正确。
6.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故B项正确。
7.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故A项（一只被发现死于塑料的鲸鱼）最适合作文章标题。故选A。
Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons took alike, old and new.”
However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机) . They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.
According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core (核) .The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin (葡萄干) . Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky crust (外壳) . the moon’s surface continues to push up, “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级 ) ,” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US.
But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future Maybe not, reported the Telegraph, “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us.
The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.
12. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to
A. It stays the same as before. B. It is becoming lightly smellers.
C. It is getting older and older. D. It has passed away.
13. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph
A. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.
B. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.
C. It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.
D. It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.
14. Who thinks that we needn’t worry about the moon
A. Zhang Ruoxu. B. Thomas Watters.
C. Nathan Williams. D. The journalist.
15. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon
A. It is a dead and boring place. B. It has lots of faults on the surface.
C. It is valuable to do more science. D. It isn’t a place where we can live.
【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。发表在《自然地球科学》杂志上的一项新研究表明，月球实际上正随着时间慢慢缩小。而国家航空航天博物馆的资深科学家和美国宇航局科学家认为我们并不用担心月球的缩小问题。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.（然而，发表在《自然地球科学》(Nature Geoscience)杂志上的一项新研究表明，月球实际上正随着时间慢慢缩小。）可知月球正在变得越来越小。故选B。
13.细节理解题。根据第三段According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down.（根据美国宇航局的说法，月球是由具有热内核的岩石碎片组成的。月球在诞生时继续膨胀。但在这个过程中，它释放能量并冷却下来。）可知月球有一个热的核心，在膨胀的过程中释放能量。故选D。
14.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us.（“这没什么好担心的。月球可能正在缩小，但幅度不大。它哪儿也去不了，” Watters安慰我们。）可知Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球。故选B。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段“We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.（“我们去过月球，也做了一些伟大的科学研究，但仍然有很多我们不知道的。月球正在缩小——直到最近我们才真正意识到这一点。这是一个比我们想象中更加活跃和有趣的地方，我们应该去探索。美国宇航局科学家Nathan Williams说。）可知Nathan Williams认为去月球做更多的科学研究是有价值的。故选C。
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