北师大实验中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中试卷
高一年级英语
考生须知
1. 本试卷共13页，共4道大题，81道小题；答题纸共2页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。
2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。
3. 试卷答案一律填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4. 在答题卡上，选择题须用2B铅笔将选中项涂黑涂满，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In 2008, Calvin Lowe’s four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious operation.
On the appointed day of the operation, he and his wife brought Tyler to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Denver. “As we sat in the waiting room, waiting for someone to call us back to the operation area, there was a lot of ___1___ in our hearts,” Lowe remembered.
When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears ___2___. A young doctor walked into the room and told the couple that he would be ___3___ the operation. As the doctor began to ___4___ how the operation would proceed (进行), Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible ___5___. But then the doctor did something ___6___. He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a ___7___ hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.”
After the operation was over, the doctor came back out to the family with a big smile and said, “Our son is just fine, and you can see him here in a few minutes.”
Tyler is now 19 years old and hopes to become a professional photographer. All these years after the operation, Lowe still thinks about the young doctor’s kindness. “I will never forget that,” Lowe said. “Because that was indeed a ___8___ of stress then. I can’t tell you how ___9___ we both were for what he said to us that day. It was very ____10____ and meaningful.”
1. A. shock B. anxiety C. sadness D. anger
2. A. faded B. grew C. appeared D. stopped
3. A. receiving B. recording C. performing D. missing
4 A. learn B. discover C. guess D. explain
5. A. choice B. reaction C. way D. result
6. A. unexpected B. confusing C. necessary D. excellent
7. A. balancing B. leading C. comforting D. directing
8. A. relief B. reminder C. secret D. resource
9. A. eager B. proud C. grateful D. regretful
10. A. helpful B. successful C. educational D. typical
第二部分 阅读理解（共40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Lonely Planet’s Middle East is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you. Wander at the mighty Pyramids of Giza, the last surviving ancient wonder; watch the sun set over the magic of Petra; and explore tree-lined avenue and delicate mosques (清真寺) in Esfahan, Iran. All with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Middle East and begin your journey now!
Inside Lonely Planet’s Middle East:
● Colour maps and images throughout
● Insider tips to save time and money and get around like a local, avoiding crowds and trouble spots
● Essential info at your fingertips — hours of operation, phone numbers, websites, transit tips. prices
● Honest reviews for all budgets — eating, sleeping, sightseeing, going out, shopping, hidden gems (精品) hat most guidebooks miss
● Cultural insights provide a richer, more rewarding travel experience — covering history, people, music, landscapes, wildlife, cuisine, politics
Coverage Includes: Egypt, Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Book Details
ISBN: 9781786570710
Writers: Anthony Ham, Paul Clammer, Orlando Crowcroft, Mark Elliott, Anita Isalska, Jessica Lee, Virginia Maxwell, Simon Richmond, Daniel Robinson, Anthony Sattin, Dan Savery Raz, Andy Symington, Jenny Walker, Steve Waters
608 pages, 256pp color, 90 maps | Dimensions: 128mm×197mm
Next edition due: Dec 2024
11. What information can readers get from Lonely Planet’s Middle East
A. Black-and-white maps. B. Recommendation of popular guidebooks.
C. Famous writers’ cultural insights. D. Reviews for all budgets.
12. What places does Lonely Planet’s Middle East cover
A. Jordan and Syria. B. Lebanon and France.
C. Turkey and Japan. D. Israel and Norway.
13. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce some famous attractions in Middle East.
B. To appeal to us to travel to Middle East.
C. To recommend a book named Middle East.
D. To stress the importance of traveling in Middle East.
B
Rita Moreno is one of the very few performers to EGOT: to win an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony award. But come a little closer, and Moreno’s is another kind of immigrant (移民的) story.
She was a teen when MGM (米高梅电影公司) signed her in the 1950s. Major studios were still dominated by the men who’d run them for decades. They had her change her name. While recognizing her talent, they didn’t know what to do with a Latin girl. Moreno played small parts, including a girl from India and a Burmese (缅甸的) woman. What should have been her big break came when she was cast as Anita in West Side Story. She’d remember Anita as “the very first Hispanic (西班牙的) character I had ever played who had dignity, a sense of self-respect. She became my role model. ” The night Moreno won the Oscar, the Hispanic community across the USA broke out into cheers.
But that career turn didn’t happen. Instead, she received more offers to play what she described as “dusky servants”. The racial and ethnic prejudice was still at play. “It broke my heart, ”she says. Rita Moreno didn’t make another movie for seven years.
Then began her new act. Holding to her mother’s philosophy — Never give in, never quit, keep on moving — she survived professionally during those years with work on the London stage and in nightclubs, slowly reemerging on film and television, and eventually she earned herself a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Peabody Career Achievement Award.
But even as she continues to perform, her work continues off the screen, speaking out for and representing the Latin community. “I’m now known as la pionera, or the pioneer,” Moreno says. “I really don’t think of myself as a role model. But it turns out that I am, to a lot of the Hispanic community. Not just in show business, but in life. But that’s what happens when you’re first, right ”
14. What do we know about Moreno in Paragraph 2
A. She was an actress contracted with MGM.
B. She had her future well-planned for her talent.
C. She was treated as a Hispanic girl with dignity.
D. She won the Oscar for acting a Burmese woman.
15. Why didn’t Moreno make movies for seven years after winning the Oscar
A. She did not receive any film offers.
B. She rejected roles of racial prejudice.
C. She was tired of performing on the stage.
D. She focused on her stage career in nightclubs.
16. Which of the following can best describe Moreno
A. Generous and brave. B. Kind and grateful.
C. Honest and trustworthy. D. Tough and determined.
17. What can we learn from Moreno’s words in the last paragraph
A. She prefers to be a role model in show business.
B. She is unhappy with what happened to an actress.
C. She makes a difference to the Hispanic community.
D She feels pressured about being a Hispanic pioneer.
C
New research confirms that human footprints found in New Mexico are probably the oldest direct evidence of human presence in the Americas, a finding that upends what many scientists knew about human habitation and migration (迁徙).
The footprints were discovered at the edge of an ancient lakebed in White Sands national park. According to the new paper published in the journal Science, they date back to between 21,000 and 23,000 years ago. Actually, the estimated age of the footprints was first reported in Science in 2021, but some researchers raised concerns about the dates. Questions focused on whether seeds of water plants used for the original dating may have absorbed ancient carbon from the lake — which could, in theory, throw off radiocarbon dating (碳14年代测定) by thousands of years. But the new study presents two additional lines of evidence for the older date range. It uses two entirely different materials found at the site, ancient pollen (花粉) and stone grains.
The reported age of the footprints challenges the once conventional wisdom that humans did not reach the Americas until a few thousand years before rising sea levels covered the Bering land bridge between Russia and Alaska, perhaps about 15,000 years ago. “This is a subject that’s always been controversial (有争议的) because it’s so significant. It’s about how we understand the last chapter of the peopling of the world,” said Thomas Urban, an archaeologist (考古学家) at Cornell University, who was involved in the 2021 study but not the new one.
Thomas Stafford, an independent archaeological geologist in New Mexico, who was not involved in the study, said he “was a bit suspicious (怀疑的) before” but now is convinced. The new study isolated about 75,000 grams of pure pollen from the same stone layer that contained the footprints. “Dating pollen is laborious but worthwhile,” said Kathleen Springer, a research geologist at the US Geological Survey and a co-author of the new paper.
Ancient footprints of any kind can provide archaeologists with a quick look of a moment in time. While some archeological sites in the Americas point to similar date ranges — including necklaces carved from giant animal remains in Brazil — scientists still question whether such objects really indicate human presence. “White Sands is unique because there’s no question these footprints were left by people,” said Jennifer Raff, a scientist at the University of Kansas, who was not involved in the study.
18. The underlined word “upends” (Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. supports B. connects C. challenges D. compares
19. According to the passage, what is special about the new research
A. It shows the footprints were made by the Russians.
B. It offers more convincing lines of evidence for dating.
C. It confirms that the ancient humans enjoyed living by the lake.
D. It reveals the footprints are much younger than previously thought.
20. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. necklaces are valuable objects for archaeologists to date animals
B. human footprints are often sure signs of human presence
C. ancient objects in Brazil are not included in the study
D. White Sands is one important archaeological site
21. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Humans Reached Americas 15,000 Years Earlier Than Believed
B. American Archaeologists Unearthed Valuable Manmade Objects
C. New Research Confirms Early Human Presence in Americas
D. Scientists Discovers New Species of Humans in Americas
D
When you hear “I have a dream…”, one of the most famous speeches in human history, you’ll never have the idea how the audience on the scene were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King. Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.
Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at controlling others. When you’re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests.
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In a research conducted by Professor Jochen Menges from University of Toronto, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to examine the message closely and remember the content. Ironically (讽刺的是), audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it.
The authors call this the awestruck (敬畏的) effect, but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect. One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “tear open his heart” — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would “stop thinking critically and just emote (激动地表达感情).”
Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our abilities to reason. If their values are out of step with our own, the results can be destructive. New evidence suggests that when people have selfish motives, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for controlling others.
Throwing light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Professor Kilduffs team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the controlling of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
Of course, people aren’t always using emotional intelligence for evil ends. More often than not, high EQ is helpful in most aspects of our life. Emotional intelligence — like any skill — can be used for good or evil. So whether it is a gift or a curse lies in your hand.
22. Why does the author mention Martin Luther King, Jr
A. To advocate a society with fewer problems. B. To recommend his speech to other leaders.
C. To honor the great leader for his courage. D. To introduce the major topic to readers.
23. What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitler’s emotional intelligence
A. His followers would tear open their hearts to him.
B. His followers would express emotions strategically.
C. His followers would develop the self-serving motives.
D. His followers would lose the ability to reason properly.
24. How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain
A. They disguise their true emotions and show another one.
B. They present their strategic behaviors on the stage.
C. They help their colleagues to build up confidence.
D. They lower their own dignity to gain popularity.
25. What would be the best title for the passage
A. The benefits of emotional intelligence. B. The reasons for using emotional skills.
C. The dark side of emotional intelligence. D. The advantages and disadvantages of emotions.
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选。
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization (文明). Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. ____26____ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity (人类) with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably connected with environmental damage.
____27____ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. ____28____ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) .
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的). ____29____ Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. ____30____ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind
A. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
B Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.
C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.
D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.
F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.
G. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment.
第三部分 课内基础（共45分）
第一节 教材单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
31. The leader of the research team has countless a__________ (令人佩服的) qualities and is regarded as a role model to young talent. (根据中英文提示填空)
32. D__________ (虽然) the fact that she was already an internationally renowned scientist, Tu Youyou showed no interest in fame. (根据中英文提示填空)
33. It is self-evident that racial d__________ (歧视) is still bothering many black people, in spite of their ongoing fight for equal rights. (根据中英文提示填空)
34. I feel so h__________ (感到荣幸) to have this opportunity to present this award to Mr. Leonard, who makes a remarkable contribution to academia. (根据中英文提示填空)
35. Unfortunately, a horrible disaster s__________ (侵袭；打击) him when he was in his prime. (根据中英文提示填空)
36. He was a strong a__________ (拥护者) of free market policies. (根据中英文提示填空)
37. After several critical moments, Mr. Zhang p__________ (证明) to be the right person for the lady. (根据中英文提示填空)
38. A flood of people c__________ (挤满；挤进) into the stadium, trying to get the autograph (亲笔签名) from the famous singer Luciano. (根据中英文提示填空)
39. In a rescue a__________ (尝试，努力) during the most recent earthquake, dozens of members and trained dogs took part. (根据中英文提示填空)
40. Caitlin Clark fulfilled her a__________ (抱负) to break Stephen Curry’s record in NCAA. (根据中英文提示填空)
第二节 空英单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
41. The May Day holiday is around the corner. Shall we go on a g__________ (出门度假) (根据中英文提示填空)
42. As a city that is s__________ in history (历史悠久), Beijing is an excellent destination for tourists. (根据中英文提示填空)
43. When visiting Beijing, don’t miss the renowned d__________ (美味), Beijing Roast Duck. (根据中英文提示填空)
44. It’s common c__________ (礼貌) to greet them when you stumble upon someone you know. (根据中英文提示填空)
45. We need to e__________ (消除) bad habits and develop good ones. (根据中英文提示填空)
46. The team was d__________ (急需，渴望) for a victory to showcase their ability. (根据中英文提示填空)
47 China accomplished the remarkable f__________ (功绩；壮举) of lifting 800 million people out of poverty. (根据中英文提示填空)
48. The couple sponsored a child f__________ (抛弃) by his parents who later became a teacher. (根据中英文提示填空)
49. Apart from i__________ (传播) knowledge, a teacher should also foster curiosity and encourage active participation. (根据中英文提示填空)
50. Martin Luther King e__________ (想象) a future world where everyone would enjoy equal rights and justice. (根据中英文提示填空)
第三节 短语填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
用方框中短语的正确形式完成句子。注意：有一个短语是多余的。
in honor of refer to run out of on the edge of come across in spite of fight for be regarded as due to suffer from base on
51. The US government has ______________ excuses for the failure of its economic policy, which means a radical policy reform is needed.
52. The team is ______________ a place in the final round, where competition will be without any doubt more fierce.
53. Failure helps build our characters. We become better because of the fall, not ______________ it.
54. The committee finally decided to build a monument ______________ the captain and his crew who made a significant breakthrough in polar exploration.
55. I was ______________ my seat waiting to find out what happened next.
56. The team met countless difficulties during the research ______________ their limited access to proper resources.
57. The movie ______________ a real-life incident.
58. Recently I have ______________ an interesting study which claims Memory B cells might be responsible for people’s lifetime allergies (过敏症).
59. Nowadays, Dr. Claire and Prof. Tiara ______________ the most promising young writers in the city.
60. The latest research finding gives hope to patients who ______________ severe back injuries.
第四节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据语法规则完成句子，每空仅填一个词。
61. Friends is not the first TV show ______________ Mathew Parry starred at the early stage of his acting career. (用适当的词填空)
62. Table read is not the only effective practice ______________ helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空)
63. Mr. Stone is a great educator ______________ never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空)
64. The old man always wears his thick glasses without ______________ he can’t see anything. (用适当的词填空)
65. An increasing number of Junior 3 students now decide to further their education in SDSZ ______________ students are offered opportunities to harvest growth and explore their passion for life. (用适当的词填空)
66. Kobe, ______________ contribution to basketball is difficult to exaggerate (夸大), has inspired millions of people. (用适当的词填空)
67. I think she is my Ms. Right. I know from the first sight of her that she is the one without ______________ my life will surely be dull and colorless. (用适当的词填空)
68. The 1960s was a difficult time ______________ Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support. (用适当的词填空)
69. Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform ______________ requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources. (用适当的词填空)
70. The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason ______________ environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空)
第五节 根据课文内容填空（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分）
A
71. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, ______________, for bravery, ____________________________”. (根据句意填空)
B
根据课文内容填空
In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of ____72____ of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou ____73____ in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work ____74____, ____75____.
C
根据课文内容填空
He ____________76____________ exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and ____________77____________. ______________78______________, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even ______________79______________.
第四部分 书面表达（20分）
80. 目前，某英文报社正在组织中学生征文比赛，请以The Person I Admire为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 人物基本信息；2. 值得敬佩的原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
The Person I Admire
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________北师大实验中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中试卷
高一年级英语
考生须知
1. 本试卷共13页，共4道大题，81道小题；答题纸共2页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。
2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。
3. 试卷答案一律填写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4. 在答题卡上，选择题须用2B铅笔将选中项涂黑涂满，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In 2008, Calvin Lowe’s four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious operation.
On the appointed day of the operation, he and his wife brought Tyler to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Denver. “As we sat in the waiting room, waiting for someone to call us back to the operation area, there was a lot of ___1___ in our hearts,” Lowe remembered.
When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears ___2___. A young doctor walked into the room and told the couple that he would be ___3___ the operation. As the doctor began to ___4___ how the operation would proceed (进行), Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible ___5___. But then the doctor did something ___6___. He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a ___7___ hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.”
After the operation was over, the doctor came back out to the family with a big smile and said, “Our son is just fine, and you can see him here in a few minutes.”
Tyler is now 19 years old and hopes to become a professional photographer. All these years after the operation, Lowe still thinks about the young doctor’s kindness. “I will never forget that,” Lowe said. “Because that was indeed a ___8___ of stress then. I can’t tell you how ___9___ we both were for what he said to us that day. It was very ____10____ and meaningful.”
1. A. shock B. anxiety C. sadness D. anger
2. A. faded B. grew C. appeared D. stopped
3. A. receiving B. recording C. performing D. missing
4. A. learn B. discover C. guess D. explain
5. A. choice B. reaction C. way D. result
6. A. unexpected B. confusing C. necessary D. excellent
7. A. balancing B. leading C. comforting D. directing
8. A. relief B. reminder C. secret D. resource
9. A. eager B. proud C. grateful D. regretful
10. A. helpful B. successful C. educational D. typical
【答案】1 B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术，在他和妻子感到紧张和不安的时候，医生说会把他们的儿子当做自己的儿子，这安慰到了他们，缓解了当时紧张的情绪，卡尔文·洛十分感激。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“当我们坐在候诊室里，等着有人叫我们回手术室的时候，我们的心里充满了焦虑，”洛回忆道。A. shock震惊；B. anxiety焦虑；C. sadness悲伤；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“In 2008, Calvin Lowe’s four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious operation.(2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术)”可知，儿子在做手术，因此父母是感到焦虑。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名护士把这家人叫回来时，洛的恐惧越来越大。A. faded褪色；B. grew生长，增加；C. appeared出现；D. stopped停止。根据上文“When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears”可知，家人被叫回去，因此对儿子手术结果的恐惧增大了。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的医生走进房间，告诉这对夫妇他将做这场手术。A. receiving收到；B. recording记录；C. performing表演，执行；D. missing错过。根据后文“how the surgery would proceed”可知，这名医生是执行手术的人。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A. learn学习；B. discover发现；C. guess猜测；D. explain解释。根据后文“how the surgery would proceed”可知，医生开始解释手术将如何进行。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A. choice选择；B. reaction反应；C. way方法；D. result结果。根据上文“Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible”可知，随着医生的解释，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是后来医生做了一件意想不到的事。A. unexpected意外的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. necessary必要的；D. excellent出色的。根据后文“He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a ___7___ hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.””可知，医生用行为和话语出乎意外地安慰了他们。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看着洛和他的妻子的眼睛，把一只安慰的手放在他们的肩膀上，说：“今天，你的儿子就是我的儿子。”A. balancing平衡；B. leading带领；C. comforting安慰；D. directing指导。根据后文“hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.””可知医生的行为和话安慰了这对夫妻。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为那确实减轻了当时的压力。A. relief宽慰；B. reminder提醒物；C. secret秘密；D. resource资源。根据后文“and meaningful”可知，医生安慰的话语减轻了他们当时的压力，短语a relief of stress表示“缓解压力”。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法表达我们对他那天对我们说的话有多感激。A. eager渴望的；B. proud骄傲的；C. grateful感谢的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文可知，医生的话缓解了他们压力和不安，所以夫妇俩感激医生。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有帮助，也很有意义。A. helpful有帮助的；B. successful成功的；C. educational教育的；D. typical典型的。根据后文后文“and meaningful”以及上文提到医生的话缓解了他们的压力，所以是有帮助的。故选A。
第二部分 阅读理解（共40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Lonely Planet’s Middle East is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you. Wander at the mighty Pyramids of Giza, the last surviving ancient wonder; watch the sun set over the magic of Petra; and explore tree-lined avenue and delicate mosques (清真寺) in Esfahan, Iran. All with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Middle East and begin your journey now!
Inside Lonely Planet’s Middle East:
● Colour maps and images throughout
● Insider tips to save time and money and get around like a local, avoiding crowds and trouble spots
● Essential info at your fingertips — hours of operation, phone numbers, websites, transit tips. prices
● Honest reviews for all budgets — eating, sleeping, sightseeing, going out, shopping, hidden gems (精品) hat most guidebooks miss
● Cultural insights provide a richer, more rewarding travel experience — covering history, people, music, landscapes, wildlife, cuisine, politics
Coverage Includes: Egypt, Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Book Details
ISBN: 9781786570710
Writers: Anthony Ham, Paul Clammer, Orlando Crowcroft, Mark Elliott, Anita Isalska, Jessica Lee, Virginia Maxwell, Simon Richmond, Daniel Robinson, Anthony Sattin, Dan Savery Raz, Andy Symington, Jenny Walker, Steve Waters
608 pages, 256pp color, 90 maps | Dimensions: 128mm×197mm
Next edition due: Dec 2024
11. What information can readers get from Lonely Planet’s Middle East
A. Black-and-white maps. B. Recommendation of popular guidebooks.
C. Famous writers’ cultural insights. D. Reviews for all budgets.
12. What places does Lonely Planet’s Middle East cover
A. Jordan and Syria. B. Lebanon and France.
C. Turkey and Japan. D. Israel and Norway.
13. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce some famous attractions in Middle East.
B. To appeal to us to travel to Middle East.
C. To recommend a book named Middle East.
D. To stress the importance of traveling in Middle East.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Middle East这本书的一些具体信息。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。Inside Lonely Planet’s Middle East这一部分中第四点“Honest reviews for all budgets — eating, sleeping, sightseeing, going out, shopping, hidden gems (精品) hat most guidebooks miss (对所有预算的诚实评论——吃饭、睡觉、观光、外出、购物、大多数指南书都遗漏的隐藏的精品)”可知，Middle East这本书可以给读者提供前往中东的预算信息。故选D。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第六段“Coverage Includes: Egypt, Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (覆盖范围包括：埃及，伊拉克，以色列，巴勒斯坦领土，约旦，黎巴嫩，叙利亚，土耳其)”可知，这本书包括约旦和叙利亚。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Lonely Planet’s Middle East is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you(Lonely Planet’s Middle East是您获取最相关、最新建议的通行证，为你提供最相关、最新的建议，告诉你该看什么、不看什么，以及有什么隐藏的发现等着你)”可推知，本文是在介绍Middle East这本书。故选C。
B
Rita Moreno is one of the very few performers to EGOT: to win an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony award. But come a little closer, and Moreno’s is another kind of immigrant (移民的) story.
She was a teen when MGM (米高梅电影公司) signed her in the 1950s. Major studios were still dominated by the men who’d run them for decades. They had her change her name. While recognizing her talent, they didn’t know what to do with a Latin girl. Moreno played small parts, including a girl from India and a Burmese (缅甸的) woman. What should have been her big break came when she was cast as Anita in West Side Story. She’d remember Anita as “the very first Hispanic (西班牙的) character I had ever played who had dignity, a sense of self-respect. She became my role model. ” The night Moreno won the Oscar, the Hispanic community across the USA broke out into cheers.
But that career turn didn’t happen. Instead, she received more offers to play what she described as “dusky servants”. The racial and ethnic prejudice was still at play. “It broke my heart, ”she says. Rita Moreno didn’t make another movie for seven years.
Then began her new act. Holding to her mother’s philosophy — Never give in, never quit, keep on moving — she survived professionally during those years with work on the London stage and in nightclubs, slowly reemerging on film and television, and eventually she earned herself a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Peabody Career Achievement Award.
But even as she continues to perform, her work continues off the screen, speaking out for and representing the Latin community. “I’m now known as la pionera, or the pioneer,” Moreno says. “I really don’t think of myself as a role model. But it turns out that I am, to a lot of the Hispanic community. Not just in show business, but in life. But that’s what happens when you’re first, right ”
14. What do we know about Moreno in Paragraph 2
A. She was an actress contracted with MGM.
B. She had her future well-planned for her talent.
C. She was treated as a Hispanic girl with dignity.
D. She won the Oscar for acting a Burmese woman.
15. Why didn’t Moreno make movies for seven years after winning the Oscar
A. She did not receive any film offers.
B. She rejected roles of racial prejudice.
C. She was tired of performing on the stage.
D. She focused on her stage career in nightclubs.
16. Which of the following can best describe Moreno
A. Generous and brave. B. Kind and grateful.
C. Honest and trustworthy. D. Tough and determined.
17. What can we learn from Moreno’s words in the last paragraph
A. She prefers to be a role model in show business.
B. She is unhappy with what happened to an actress.
C. She makes a difference to the Hispanic community.
D. She feels pressured about being a Hispanic pioneer.
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. D 17. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了著名演员丽塔·莫雷诺的演艺之路和对社会的影响。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段中“She was a teen when MGM (米高梅电影公司) signed her in the 1950s. (20世纪50年代，当米高梅电影公司签下她时，她还是个十几岁的孩子)”可知，她是与米高梅电影公司签约的演员。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Instead, she received more offers to play what she described as “dusky servants”. The racial and ethnic prejudice was still at play. “It broke my heart, ”she says. Rita Moreno didn’t make another movie for seven years. (相反，她收到了更多的邀请，扮演她所说的“阴暗的仆人”。种族和民族偏见仍然存在。“这伤透了我的心，”她说。丽塔·莫雷诺有七年没有再拍电影了)”可知，莫雷诺在获得奥斯卡奖后的七年里都没有拍电影是因为她拒绝扮演种族偏见的角色。故选B。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Holding to her mother’s philosophy — Never give in, never quit, keep on moving — she survived professionally during those years with work on the London stage and in nightclubs, slowly reemerging on film and television, and eventually she earned herself a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Peabody Career Achievement Award. (她坚持母亲的哲学——永不屈服，永不放弃，不断前进——那些年她在伦敦舞台和夜总会工作，慢慢地在电影和电视上重新出现，最终她在好莱坞星光大道上为自己赢得了一颗星星，并获得了皮博迪职业成就奖)”可推知，她是一个坚韧而坚定的人。故选D。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“But even as she continues to perform, her work continues off the screen, speaking out for and representing the Latin community. “I’m now known as la pionera, or the pioneer,” Moreno says. “I really don’t think of myself as a role model. But it turns out that I am, to a lot of the Hispanic community. Not just in show business, but in life. But that’s what happens when you’re first, right ” (但即使她继续表演，她的工作也在银幕之外继续，为拉丁社区发声并代表拉丁社区。莫雷诺说:“我现在被称为先驱。“我真的不认为自己是一个榜样。但事实证明，对很多西班牙裔社区来说，我是这样的。不仅在演艺圈，在生活中也是如此。但这就是你第一次做的事，对吧？”)”可推知，她对西班牙裔社区产生了影响。故选C。
C
New research confirms that human footprints found in New Mexico are probably the oldest direct evidence of human presence in the Americas, a finding that upends what many scientists knew about human habitation and migration (迁徙).
The footprints were discovered at the edge of an ancient lakebed in White Sands national park. According to the new paper published in the journal Science, they date back to between 21,000 and 23,000 years ago. Actually, the estimated age of the footprints was first reported in Science in 2021, but some researchers raised concerns about the dates. Questions focused on whether seeds of water plants used for the original dating may have absorbed ancient carbon from the lake — which could, in theory, throw off radiocarbon dating (碳14年代测定) by thousands of years. But the new study presents two additional lines of evidence for the older date range. It uses two entirely different materials found at the site, ancient pollen (花粉) and stone grains.
The reported age of the footprints challenges the once conventional wisdom that humans did not reach the Americas until a few thousand years before rising sea levels covered the Bering land bridge between Russia and Alaska, perhaps about 15,000 years ago. “This is a subject that’s always been controversial (有争议的) because it’s so significant. It’s about how we understand the last chapter of the peopling of the world,” said Thomas Urban, an archaeologist (考古学家) at Cornell University, who was involved in the 2021 study but not the new one.
Thomas Stafford, an independent archaeological geologist in New Mexico, who was not involved in the study, said he “was a bit suspicious (怀疑的) before” but now is convinced. The new study isolated about 75,000 grams of pure pollen from the same stone layer that contained the footprints. “Dating pollen is laborious but worthwhile,” said Kathleen Springer, a research geologist at the US Geological Survey and a co-author of the new paper.
Ancient footprints of any kind can provide archaeologists with a quick look of a moment in time. While some archeological sites in the Americas point to similar date ranges — including necklaces carved from giant animal remains in Brazil — scientists still question whether such objects really indicate human presence. “White Sands is unique because there’s no question these footprints were left by people,” said Jennifer Raff, a scientist at the University of Kansas, who was not involved in the study.
18. The underlined word “upends” (Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. supports B. connects C. challenges D. compares
19. According to the passage, what is special about the new research
A. It shows the footprints were made by the Russians.
B. It offers more convincing lines of evidence for dating.
C. It confirms that the ancient humans enjoyed living by the lake.
D. It reveals the footprints are much younger than previously thought.
20. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. necklaces are valuable objects for archaeologists to date animals
B. human footprints are often sure signs of human presence
C. ancient objects in Brazil are not included in the study
D. White Sands is one important archaeological site
21. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. Humans Reached Americas 15,000 Years Earlier Than Believed
B. American Archaeologists Unearthed Valuable Manmade Objects
C. New Research Confirms Early Human Presence in Americas
D. Scientists Discovers New Species of Humans in Americas
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，这项研究提供了更令人信服的证据，证实美洲早期存在人类。
【18题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“The reported age of the footprints challenges the once conventional wisdom that humans did not reach the Americas until a few thousand years before rising sea levels covered the Bering land bridge between Russia and Alaska, perhaps about 15,000 years ago.(据报道，这些脚印的年代对曾经的传统观点提出质疑，即人类直到几千年前才到达美洲，大约在15000年前，海平面上升覆盖了俄罗斯和阿拉斯加之间的白令陆桥)”可知，这项发现对之前许多科学家对人类居住和迁徙的认识提出质疑，故划线词与challenges词义相近，意为“对……质疑”。故选C。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But the new study presents two additional lines of evidence for the older date range. It uses two entirely different materials found at the site, ancient pollen (花粉) and stone grains.(但这项新研究为较老的日期范围提供了两条额外的证据。它使用了在该遗址发现的两种完全不同的材料，古代花粉和石头颗粒)”可知，新研究为确定年代提供了更令人信服的证据。故选B。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““White Sands is unique because there’s no question these footprints were left by people,” said Jennifer Raff, a scientist at the University of Kansas, who was not involved in the study.(堪萨斯大学的科学家詹妮弗·拉夫没有参与这项研究，她说：“White Sands是独一无二的，因为毫无疑问，这些脚印是人类留下的。”)”可知，人类脚印往往是人类存在的可靠标志。故选B。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research confirms that human footprints found in New Mexico are probably the oldest direct evidence of human presence in the Americas, a finding that upends what many scientists knew about human habitation and migration (迁徙).(新的研究证实，在新墨西哥州发现的人类足迹可能是美洲人类存在的最古老的直接证据，这一发现质疑了许多科学家对人类居住和迁徙的认识)”可知，文章主要介绍了这项新研究证实美洲早期存在人类。C选项“新的研究证实了早期人类在美洲的存在”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
When you hear “I have a dream…”, one of the most famous speeches in human history, you’ll never have the idea how the audience on the scene were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King. Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.
Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at controlling others. When you’re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests.
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In a research conducted by Professor Jochen Menges from University of Toronto, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to examine the message closely and remember the content. Ironically (讽刺的是), audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it.
The authors call this the awestruck (敬畏的) effect, but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect. One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “tear open his heart” — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would “stop thinking critically and just emote (激动地表达感情).”
Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our abilities to reason. If their values are out of step with our own, the results can be destructive. New evidence suggests that when people have selfish motives, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for controlling others.
Throwing light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Professor Kilduffs team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the controlling of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
Of course, people aren’t always using emotional intelligence for evil ends. More often than not, high EQ is helpful in most aspects of our life. Emotional intelligence — like any skill — can be used for good or evil. So whether it is a gift or a curse lies in your hand.
22. Why does the author mention Martin Luther King, Jr
A. To advocate a society with fewer problems. B. To recommend his speech to other leaders.
C. To honor the great leader for his courage. D. To introduce the major topic to readers.
23. What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitler’s emotional intelligence
A. His followers would tear open their hearts to him.
B. His followers would express emotions strategically.
C. His followers would develop the self-serving motives.
D. His followers would lose the ability to reason properly.
24. How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain
A. They disguise their true emotions and show another one.
B. They present their strategic behaviors on the stage.
C. They help their colleagues to build up confidence.
D. They lower their own dignity to gain popularity.
25. What would be the best title for the passage
A. The benefits of emotional intelligence. B. The reasons for using emotional skills.
C. The dark side of emotional intelligence. D. The advantages and disadvantages of emotions.
【答案】22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是情商及情商的阴暗面。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When Martin Luther King. Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.(当马丁·路德·金在讲述他梦想时，他选择了能够触动听众心弦的语言。传递这种激动人心的信息需要情商——即识别、理解和管理情绪的能力)”可知，马丁·路德·金的演讲就是运用了情商。而情商就是文章的主题，所以引用马丁·路德·金的例子就是引出主题。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “tear open his heart” — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would “stop thinking critically and just emote (激动地表达感情).”(一位观察家反映，希特勒的说服力来自于他策略性地表达情绪的能力——他会“撕开自己的心”——这些情绪影响着他的追随者，以至于他们“停止批判性思考，只是情绪化”)”可知，希特勒的情商会让他的追随者失去理智。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain.(根据这些专家的说法，情商可以帮助人们掩饰一种情绪，同时表达另一种情绪以获取个人利益)”可知，情商可以使人们掩饰他们自己的真实情感，展示另一种情感。故选A。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence.(社会科学家已经开始记录情商的黑暗面)”可知，文章前两段介绍什么是情商，从第三段开始主要介绍情商的阴暗面，并举例论证。所以本文主要讲的是情商的阴暗面，故C选项“情商的黑暗面”是文章最佳标题。故选C。
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选。
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization (文明). Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. ____26____ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity (人类) with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably connected with environmental damage.
____27____ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. ____28____ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) .
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的). ____29____ Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. ____30____ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind
A. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
B. Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.
C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.
D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.
F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.
G. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. F 29. G 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人类提高生活水平与环境污染之间的关系。
【26题详解】
根据上文“Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person.(无论是过去还是现在，提供食物都是一个人的基本任务。)”和下文“People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries.(人们不仅需要一些基本的东西，如面包和住所，而且需要各种设施和奢侈品。)”可知，上下文都在描述人类需求的改变，从最初的提供食物到现在需要更多的商品和奢侈品。因此，需要一个转折句来连接这两个观点，说明现在所需商品的范围已经显著扩大。D项：However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.(然而，如今所需商品的范围已经大大扩大了。)符合语境。故选D。
【27题详解】
根据下文“The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.(首先，为了以更快的速度生产更多的商品和产品，需要建设大型工业工厂。这些植物产生大量的废物，这可能会对附近的动物或人的健康造成长期的负面影响。)”可知，本段主要介绍了经济增长对环境造成的负面影响。A项：There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.(经济增长的某些方面会影响环境。)总引下文，符合语境。故选A。
【28题详解】
根据上文“There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.(也有所谓的环保能源。)”和下文“Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings (企业) .(当然，在这段时间里，人们必须做出一些牺牲来支持这些事业。)”可知，空处应该指出环保能源的使用现状，F项中的“time”和下文中的“during this time”对应。F项：They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.(它们有时更受欢迎，但用它们代替传统的来源也需要时间。)符合语境。故选F。
【29题详解】
根据上文“In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable (不可避免的).(为了产生实用的能源，对自然场地的改造往往是不可避免的。)”可知，上文提到为了产生实用的能源，对自然场所的改造通常是不可避免的，接着需要解释这种改造的代价和影响。结合下文“Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.(风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度。因此，这股洋流带来的压力平衡将受到影响，重要的是要记住，环境和天气状况直接受到大气压力的影响。)”可知，后文也进一步说明了这种影响，如风能应用会阻挡气流的自然速度，影响气压平衡，进而影响环境和天气条件。G项：This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment.(这是昂贵的，对环境有有害的影响。)说明改造的负面影响，符合语境。故选G。
【30题详解】
根据上文“Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.(风能的应用会阻碍气流的自然速度。因此，这股洋流带来的压力平衡将受到影响，重要的是要记住，环境和天气状况直接受到大气压力的影响。)”可知，上文提到环境和天气条件直接受到大气压的影响，需要记住这一点，空处需要总结这种影响对经济增长和环境保护之间的关系。C项：For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.(由于这些原因，实现经济增长而不造成任何环境破坏是不可能的。)符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 课内基础（共45分）
第一节 教材单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
31. The leader of the research team has countless a__________ (令人佩服的) qualities and is regarded as a role model to young talent. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】admirable##dmirable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究团队的领导者有着无数令人钦佩的品质，被视为年轻人才的榜样。根据汉语提示“令人佩服的”及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词admirable，作定语，修饰名词qualities。故填admirable。
32. D__________ (虽然) the fact that she was already an internationally renowned scientist, Tu Youyou showed no interest in fame. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】Despite##espite
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管屠呦呦已经是国际知名的科学家的事实，但她对名利毫无兴趣。由首字母提示D和空格后的the fact that可知，“虽然”是介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。
33. It is self-evident that racial d__________ (歧视) is still bothering many black people, in spite of their ongoing fight for equal rights. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】discrimination##iscrimination
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：不言而喻，尽管黑人一直在为争取平等权利而斗争，但种族歧视仍然困扰着许多黑人。此空在句子中作主语，所以应为名词，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“歧视”应为discrimination，且为不可能名词。故填discrimination。
34. I feel so h__________ (感到荣幸) to have this opportunity to present this award to Mr. Leonard, who makes a remarkable contribution to academia. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】honoured##onoured##honored##onored
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型以及动词过去分词。句意：我很荣幸有机会把这个奖项颁给伦纳德先生，他对学术界做出了卓越的贡献。结合句意以及首字母提示可知，设空处应填honoured/honored，固定句型be/feel honoured/honored (to do sth)意为“（做某事）感到荣幸。故填honored/honoured。
35. Unfortunately, a horrible disaster s__________ (侵袭；打击) him when he was in his prime. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】struck##truck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：不幸是，当他正值盛年时，一场可怕的灾难打击了他。设空处在主句中作谓语，根据汉语提示“侵袭，打击”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词strike，结合从句“when he was in his prime”可知，此句用一般过去时，填过去式struck。故填struck。
36. He was a strong a__________ (拥护者) of free market policies. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】advocate##dvocate
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他是自由市场政策的坚定拥护者。根据汉语提示“拥护者”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词advocate，为可数名词作表语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填advocate。
37. After several critical moments, Mr. Zhang p__________ (证明) to be the right person for the lady. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】proved##roved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：经过几个关键时刻，张先生被证明是这位女士的合适人选。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，此处应为prove意为“证明是”，此空在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，该句描述的为过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时。故填proved。
38. A flood of people c__________ (挤满；挤进) into the stadium, trying to get the autograph (亲笔签名) from the famous singer Luciano. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】crowded##rowded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：大批的人涌进体育场，想要得到著名歌手卢西亚诺的签名。根据汉语提示“挤满，挤进”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词crowd，在句中作谓语，此句陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填crowded。
39. In a rescue a__________ (尝试，努力) during the most recent earthquake, dozens of members and trained dogs took part. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】attempt##ttempt
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在最近一次地震中的救援行动中，数十名成员和经过训练的狗参加了救援。根据汉语“尝试，努力”及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词attempt，结合空前的a可知，应用名词单数形式，作In的宾语。故填attempt。
40. Caitlin Clark fulfilled her a__________ (抱负) to break Stephen Curry’s record in NCAA. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】ambition##mbition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：凯特琳·克拉克实现了她的野心，打破了斯蒂芬·库里在NCAA的记录。根据汉语提示“抱负”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词ambition，作宾语。故填ambition。
第二节 空英单词（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据首字母和中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空。
41. The May Day holiday is around the corner. Shall we go on a g__________ (出门度假) (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】getaway##etaway
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：五一假期即将来临。我们去度假好吗？根据汉语提示“出门度假”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词getaway”，为可数名词，不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数。故填getaway。
42. As a city that is s__________ in history (历史悠久), Beijing is an excellent destination for tourists. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】steeped##teeped
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一座历史悠久的城市，北京是游客的绝佳目的地。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词steeped“充满……的”，作表语。故填steeped。
43. When visiting Beijing, don’t miss the renowned d__________ (美味), Beijing Roast Duck. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】delicacy##elicacy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：来北京旅游时，千万不要错过著名的美食——北京烤鸭。renowned是形容词，修饰名词，由首字母提示d可知，“美味”用名词delicacy作宾语，delicacy“精美的食物；美味佳肴”为可数名词，此处是特指Beijing Roast Duck这一美味，表单数概念，故填delicacy。
44. It’s common c__________ (礼貌) to greet them when you stumble upon someone you know. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】civility##ivility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当你偶然遇到你认识的人时，向他们打招呼是一种普遍的礼貌。根据汉语提示“礼貌”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词civility，不可数，在句中作表语。故填civility。
45. We need to e__________ (消除) bad habits and develop good ones. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】eliminate##liminate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们需要改掉坏习惯，培养好习惯。根据所给汉语和首字母可知及物动词eliminate符合句意，need后接不定式作宾语。故填eliminate。
46. The team was d__________ (急需，渴望) for a victory to showcase their ability. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】desperate##esperate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这支球队迫切希望取得一场胜利来展示他们的能力。根据汉语提示“急需，渴望”及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词desperate，作表语。be desperate for “极渴望”。故填desperate。
47. China accomplished the remarkable f__________ (功绩；壮举) of lifting 800 million people out of poverty. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】feat##eat
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国实现了8亿人脱贫的伟大壮举。根据汉语提示“功绩，壮举”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词feat，作宾语；feat为可数名词，根据空后“of lifting 800 million people out of poverty”可知，此处特指“8亿人脱贫的伟大壮举”，表单数概念。故填feat。
48. The couple sponsored a child f__________ (抛弃) by his parents, who later became a teacher. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】forgone##orgone
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这对夫妇资助了一个被父母遗弃的孩子，他的父母后来成为了一名教师。由首字母提示f可知，“抛弃”是forgo，句中谓语是sponsored，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词forgone表被动作定语，故填forgone。
49. Apart from i__________ (传播) knowledge, a teacher should also foster curiosity and encourage active participation. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】imparting##mparting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：除了传授知识，教师还应培养好奇心并鼓励积极参与。根据汉语提示“传播”及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词impart，用动名词imparting，作Apart from的宾语。故填imparting。
50. Martin Luther King e__________ (想象) a future world where everyone would enjoy equal rights and justice. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】envisioned##nvisioned
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：马丁·路德·金想象了一个人人享有平等权利和正义的未来世界。设空处在句中作谓语，根据汉语提示“想象”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词envision，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填envisioned。
第三节 短语填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
用方框中短语的正确形式完成句子。注意：有一个短语是多余的。
in honor of refer to run out of on the edge of come across in spite of fight for be regarded as due to suffer from base on
51. The US government has ______________ excuses for the failure of its economic policy, which means a radical policy reform is needed.
52. The team is ______________ a place in the final round, where competition will be without any doubt more fierce.
53. Failure helps build our characters. We become better because of the fall, not ______________ it.
54. The committee finally decided to build a monument ______________ the captain and his crew who made a significant breakthrough in polar exploration.
55. I was ______________ my seat waiting to find out what happened next.
56. The team met countless difficulties during the research ______________ their limited access to proper resources.
57. The movie ______________ a real-life incident.
58. Recently I have ______________ an interesting study which claims Memory B cells might be responsible for people’s lifetime allergies (过敏症).
59. Nowadays, Dr. Claire and Prof. Tiara ______________ the most promising young writers in the city.
60. The latest research finding gives hope to patients who ______________ severe back injuries.
【答案】51. run out of
52. fighting for
53. in spite of
54. in honor of
55. on the edge of
56. due to 57. is based on
e across
59. are regarded as
60. suffer from
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：美国政府已经没有理由为其经济政策的失败辩解了，这意味着需要进行彻底的政策改革。根据句意“用完，用尽”可知，动词短语run out of，符合题意，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，已有助动词has，空处需填过去分词。故填run out of。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：这支球队正在为进入最后一轮而奋斗，毫无疑问，那里的竞争将更加激烈。根据句意“为……奋斗”可知，动词短语fight with，符合题意，此处表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，已有be动词is，空处需填现在分词。故填fighting with。
【53题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：失败有助于塑造我们的性格。我们因为失败而变得更好，而不是尽管失败了我们变得更好。根据句意“尽管”可知，介词短语in spite of，符合题意。故填in spite of。
【54题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：委员会最后决定建造一座纪念碑，以纪念在极地探险中取得重大突破的船长和他的船员。根据句意“为纪念”可知，介词短语in honor of，符合题意。故填in honor of。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：我迫不及待地等着发现接下来会发生什么。根据句意“迫不及待地”可知，介词短语on the edge of one’s seat，符合题意。故填on the edge of。
【56题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：由于获得适当资源的机会有限，研究小组在研究过程中遇到了无数困难。根据句意“由于”可知，介词短语due to，符合题意。故填due to。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语和时态语态。句意：这部电影是根据真实事件改编的。根据句意“以……为根据”可知，动词短语base on，符合题意，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，The movie和base on为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is based on。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：最近我偶然看到了一项有趣的研究，它声称记忆B细胞可能是导致人们终生过敏的原因。根据句意“偶然遇见”可知，动词短语come across，符合题意，根据时间状语“Recently”可知，使用现在完成时，已有助动词have，空处需填过去分词。故填come across。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：现在，克莱尔博士和蒂亚拉教授被认为是这个城市最有前途的年轻作家。根据句意“被认为是”可知，动词短语be regarded as，符合题意，结合“Nowadays”可知，使用一般现在时，主语是并列的名词，be动词用are。故填are regarded as。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：最新的研究发现给遭受严重背部损伤的患者带来了希望。根据句意“遭受”可知，动词短语suffer from，符合题意，结合“gives”可知，使用一般现在时，定语从句的主语who，指代patients，谓语动词使用原形。故填suffer from。
第四节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
请根据语法规则完成句子，每空仅填一个词。
61. Friends is not the first TV show ______________ Mathew Parry starred at the early stage of his acting career. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：《老友记》并不是马修·派瑞演艺生涯早期出演的第一部电视剧。定语从句修饰先行词TV show，先行词在从句作宾语，且由序数词修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。
62. Table read is not the only effective practice ______________ helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。
63. Mr. Stone is a great educator ______________ never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
64. The old man always wears his thick glasses without ______________ he can’t see anything. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人总是戴着厚厚的眼镜，不戴眼镜他什么也看不见。“without _____ he can’t see anything”为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词glasses，指物，设空处指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词without的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
65. An increasing number of Junior 3 students now decide to further their education in SDSZ ______________ students are offered opportunities to harvest growth and explore their passion for life. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的初三学生选择在SDSZ继续他们的教育，在这里，学生们有机会收获成长，探索他们对生活的热情。空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词SDSZ作地点状语。故填where。
66. Kobe, ______________ contribution to basketball is difficult to exaggerate (夸大), has inspired millions of people. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科比，他对篮球的贡献是难以夸大的，他激励了数百万人。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词Kobe和contribution之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
67. I think she is my Ms. Right. I know from the first sight of her that she is the one without ______________ my life will surely be dull and colorless. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whom
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想她就是我的Ms. Right。第一眼看到她，我就知道，没有她，我的生活一定会变得枯燥无味。“without _____ my life will surely be dull and colorless”是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词the one指人，设空处指代先行词作介词without宾语，因此空格处用关系代词whom。故填whom。
68. The 1960s was a difficult time ______________ Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪60年代是一个艰难的时期，像屠呦呦这样的中国科学家资源非常有限，技术支持也很差。定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
69. Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform ______________ requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Karen是环保改革的热心支持者，环保改革要求大型企业停止过度使用不可再生的自然资源。空处引导定语从句，先行词为reform，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
70. The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason ______________ environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。
第五节 根据课文内容填空（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分）
A
71. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott’s death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, ______________, for bravery, ____________________________”. (根据句意填空)
【答案】 ①. sincerity ②. for everything that makes a man
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，定语从句，时态和主谓一致。句意：就连Amundsen也被Scott的死所感动，他说：“Scott船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢以及成为一个人的一切留下了记录。”由for honesty和for bravery可知，句子表示“Scott船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢以及成为一个人的一切留下了记录”，第一空意为“真诚”，用名词作for的宾语，是sincerity，是不可数名词；第二空意为“成为一个人的一切”，“一切”是everything，“成为一个人的”用that引导定语从句，“成为一个人”是make a man，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，that引导的先行词everything是不定代词，因此make用第三人称单数，everything前加for，表示“为”，因此第二空是“for everything that makes a man”。故填sincerity，for everything that makes a man。
B
根据课文内容填空
In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of ____72____ of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou ____73____ in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work ____74____, ____75____.
【答案】72. the most influential figures
73 was noted for her bravery
74. bridged the Eastern and Western worlds
75. saving millions of lives
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家屠呦呦所取得的成就和贡献。
【72题详解】
考查课文原文。句意：2019年，她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾伦·马西森·图灵齐名。根据课文内容“最具影响力的科学人物”可知应填the most influential figures，故填the most influential figures。
【73题详解】
考查课文原文。句意：屠呦呦因其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇敢而闻名，她有能力运用旧智慧和新方法来实现自己的目标，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁，拯救了数百万人的生命。根据课文内容“因……勇敢而闻名”可知应填be noted for her bravery，此处为一般过去时，谓语用单数。故填was noted for her bravery。
【74题详解】
考查课文原文。句意：屠呦呦因其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇敢而闻名，她有能力运用旧智慧和新方法来实现自己的目标，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁，拯救了数百万人的生命。根据课文内容“在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁”可知应填bridge the Eastern and Western worlds，此处为一般过去时，故填bridged the Eastern and Western worlds。
【75题详解】
考查课文原文。句意：屠呦呦因其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇敢而闻名，她有能力运用旧智慧和新方法来实现自己的目标，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁，拯救了数百万人的生命。根据课文内容“拯救了数百万人的生命”可知应填saving millions of lives，为现在分词作状语。故填saving millions of lives。
C
根据课文内容填空
He ____________76____________ exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and ____________77____________. ______________78______________, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even ______________79______________.
【答案】76. engaged in a wide range of
77. made remarkable progress
78. Shortly after
79. starring in films
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了超人背后的超级英雄——Christopher Reeve的传奇人生。
【76题详解】
考查固定搭配和动词时态。句意：他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。结合上下文和课文内容可知，该空意为“进行了一系列”，表示“进行，从事”应用动词短语engage in，结合下文的“managed”可知，使用一般过去时；表示“一系列”应用介词短语a wide range of。故填engaged in a wide range of。
【77题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意同上。结合上下文和课文内容可知，该空意为“取得了显著的进步”，表示“取得进步”应用动词短语make progress，结合下文的“managed”可知，使用一般过去时；表示“显著的”应用形容词remarkable，作定语，修饰名词progress。故填made remarkable progress。
【78题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：不久之后，他重返电影事业，从事导演和制作人工作，甚至出演了电影。结合上下文和课文内容可知，该空意为“不久之后”应用介词短语shortly after，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Shortly after。
【79题详解】
考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意同上。结合上下文和课文内容可知，该空意为“出演电影”，应用star in films，空处和directing，producing并列，需填动名词形式作介词by的宾语。故填starring in films。
第四部分 书面表达（20分）
80. 目前，某英文报社正在组织中学生征文比赛，请以The Person I Admire为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 人物基本信息；2. 值得敬佩的原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已你写好。
The Person I Admire
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Person I Admire
The person I admire most is Helen Keller (1880-1968). She was considered the most motivational figure in the 20th century.
Helen Keller, standing in the face of a great challenge and losing her sight and hearing, was not someone who gave up easily. She persisted in learning Braille. In 1904, Keller graduated from college and became the first blind and deaf person in the world to get a bachelor’s degree. In addition, she wrote several books, which made great contributions to literature. She also traveled around the world to raise money and founded charities to benefit the disabled, improving the working and living conditions of them. At the same time, she gained the respect of the world.
What impressed me most is Keller’s spirit-stay optimistic and never give up when times are hard.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文。要求考生以The Person I Admire为题写一篇短文参加某英文报社正在组织中学生征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
钦佩：admire→think highly of
坚持：persist in→stick to
此外：in addition→what’s more
提高：improve→enhance
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：The person I admire most is Helen Keller (1880-1968). She was considered the most motivational figure in the 20th century.
拓展句：The person I admire most is Helen Keller (1880-1968), who was considered the most motivational figure in the 20th century.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Helen Keller, standing in the face of a great challenge and losing her sight and hearing, was not someone who gave up easily.（运用了who引导限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
In addition, she wrote several books, which made great contributions to literature.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
