(共127张PPT)
小升初英语语法知识点复习专题
名词、形容词、副词
小升初语法
名词
小试身手
1. How much ______ is there on the table
A. bread B. sheep C. apple
2. His ______ are very white and beautiful.
A. tooth B. teeth C. mouth
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的所有格
名词
普通名词和专有名词
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词单复数
不可数名词的数
’s 所有格
of 所有格
普通名词和专有名词
专有名词表示人、事物、地点或机构等专有的名称。
普通名词表示某一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
the Great Wall
the US
Mike
个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：
集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：
banana
bike
class
police
物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：
抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等，抽象概念，如：
ink
milk
time
love
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词是可以用数字进行计算的名词，如个体名词和集体名词。
不可数名词是不可以用数字进行计算的名词，如物质名词和抽象名词。
名词的数
可以用数目来计算的词叫可数名词，可数名词分为单数名词和复数名词。
不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a, an 连用。
单数名词
单数名词一般要和不定冠词a,an连用。当单词的音标以元音音素开头用an，辅音音素开头用a
an apple
Englishman
an eight-year-old girl
可数名词复数
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/ book → books
room → rooms
以s, x, sh,ch结尾的词 加-es 读/ z/ watch → watches
bus → buses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es 读/ z/ family → families
以f或fe结尾的词 把f或fe变为v再加-es 读/vz/ thief → thieves
radio
county
leaf
butterfly
photo
watch
child
book
toy
country
可数名词不规则
sheep
sheep
mouse
mice
w
M
M
t
d
c
g
f
f
s-- sheep (sheep)
woman---(women)
mouse---(mice)
tooth ---(teeth)
deer---(deer)
child---(children)
goose---(geese)
foot---(feet)
fish---(fish)
man ---(men)
ox---(oxen)
1. oo变ee
鹅牙脚
如：goose--_____; tooth--_____; foot--______;
但 roof--—______.
2. woman和man
男和女，a变e
如： woman--______; man--______;
policeman--________; policewoman--_________.
3. 单复数同形
鱼鹿羊
如： fish--______; deer--______; sheep--_______.
4. 常考不规则变化
孩子们，人鼠牛，
特殊记忆不用愁。
如： child--______; person--_______;
mouse--______; ox--_______.
可数名词不规则
还有哪些不规则人员呢？
5. 名词中的twins：
某些必须由两部分组成才完整的事物，自带复数。
口诀：父母带着眼镜，
拿着剪刀剪裁裤子。
即：parents （父母）； glasses （眼镜）
scissors （剪刀）； pants （裤子）
6. 国家人单复数变化：
中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
如：Chinese-Chinese; Japanese-Japanese;
Englishman-Englishmen; Frenchman-Frenchmen;
German-Germans; American-Americans.
何为合成多字名词？
合成多字名词的复数变化：
an
apple
tree
two
apple
tree
s
合成多字名词的复数变化：
口诀：
多字名词主变复，
如：girl student ______
woman teacher _________
男女职业很特殊，
前后都要变复数。
women teachers
girl students
1. ——How many ______ are there on the farm
——There are ______.
A. goose; seven B. gooses; seventh
C. geese; five
小试身手
2. Look at these ______. They are singing.
A. children B. child C. woman
3. We have some ______, but we need some ______.
A. tomatoes; potato B. tomato: potatoes
C. tomato; potatoes D. tomatoes; potatoes
小试身手
不可数名词的数
在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等
some milk
much food
a lot of fruit
常见量词短语
a piece of... 一块/张/片……
a box of... 一盒...
a box of milk 一盒牛奶
four glasses of water 四杯水
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a jar of jam 一罐果酱
1.Water ______ very important.
A. is B. am C. are d. be
2. ______ fall in autumn
A. The leaf B. The leafs C. The leaves
小试身手
3.—— Would you like to have a drink
—— Yes. Two ______, please.
A. cup of tea B. cups of tea
C. cup of teas D. cups of teas
小试身手
名词所有格
of+
名词
名词结尾+’s
to+
名词
分类
无
生命
有
生命
定义：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫名词所有格
’s所有格的构成方法
单词形式 构成方法 例词
普通单数名词 在词尾加“ ’s ” Helen’s father
词尾已有-s的复数名词 在词尾加“ ‘ ” the two boys’ mother
词尾不带-s的复数名词 在词尾加“ ’s ” women’s clothes
表示几个词共有的关系 在最后一个词的词尾加“ ’s ” Su Hai and Su Yang’s mother
表示几个词各自的所有关系 在每个词的词尾加“ ’s ” Su Hai’s and Su Yang’s bags
Trump
dog
's
’s所有格的用法
Peter
Lily
mother.
and
's
Peter
and
Lily
heads.
's
's
①共有，在最后一个名词上加'或者's.
②各有，在所有名词上加'或者's.
共同所有：A and B 's + 名单
各自所有： A 's and B 's + 名复
2 's 所有格的用法：
1. 表示时间 four days' holiday
2. 表示自然现象 the earth's surface
3.表示世界国家 the country's plan
4.表示工作群体 the team's victory
5.表示距离时间 an hour’s work
6.与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the life's time
7.表示某些固定词组 the bird's eye view
常见节日
Teachers’ Day
Children’s Day
Mother’s Day
1. —— Is it the twins’ bedroom
—— Yes, it is. It’s ______(Lucy and Lily) bedroom.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily
C. Lucy and Lily’s
小试身手
2. Football is ________ game.
A. boys’ B. boy C. boy’s
of 所有格
如果名词代表的事物是无生命的，常用“of + 名词”的方式来表示它的所有格。
a map of China
a picture of my family
key
to
the door
无生命的名词中，
一一对应关系要用to .
answer
to
the question
1. It’s _______ my mother.
A. a picture B. a picture of
C. a picture to
小试身手
2. Do you have a map _______ Shanghai
A. in B. ’s C. of
双重所有格
a car of Tom's
a photo of Terry
Harry
a photo of 's
生命's 或'加在后，
无生用of的结构。
对应关系要用to，
房间钥匙和问答。
共有最后词上放，
各有各管自个家。
Summary
真题再现：
(21枫杨)
(19北京)
20一中)
20一八)
24. The room is those________ living room.
A. twins B. twin’s C. twin D. twins’
25. ___________ sister is an English teacher.
A. Jim and Kate B. Jim’s and Kate’s
C. Jim’s and Kate D. Jim and Kate’s
26. Find the answer ________ the question, please.
A. of B. with C. to D. for
B
D
D
C
23.Whose bike is it It’s ____________.
A. John B. John’s C. Johns’ D. Johns
Summary(总结归纳)
名词的分类
不可数名词的辨析和考点
可数名词的单复数
(规则变化和不规则变化)
名词的所有格
名词的分类
名词的数
名词的所有格
名词
普通名词和专有名词
可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词单复数
不可数名词的数
’s 所有格
of /to所有格
Review
小升初语法
形容词
mind map
概述
形容词的比较级
形容词的最高级
形容词
adjective
变化规则
用法
beautiful flowers
an expensive car
a happy girl
lead-in
beautiful flowers
an expensive car
a happy girl
形容词
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较
级、最高级。原级就是形容词原形。
It is a nice watch.
The meal is delicious.
It is a nice watch.
The meal is delicious.
形容词的原级
形容词中的反义词
big small
old new
bad good
形容词中的反义词
old young
形容词中的反义词
tall — short
clean — dirty
happy — sad
short — long
expensive — cheap
interesting — boring
形容词的比较级
Lucy has seven flowers. Lily has three flowers. Lucy gives one flower to Lily. Finally, who has more flowers
Lucy has more flowers than Lily.
形容词的比较级
fast
faster
形容词的最高级
fast
faster
fastest
形容词的比较级和最高级
1.一般情况下，直接在原词后
加-er,或加-est.
quick - quicker - quickest
slow - slower - slowest
short
high
clever
bright
shorter
shortest
higher
highest
cleverer
cleverest
brighter
brightest
形容词的比较级
late
later
形容词的最高级
late
later
latest
形容词的比较级和最高级
2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音词， 比较级在原词后加-r,
最高级在原词后加-st.
fine
nice
large
safe
finer
finest
nicer
nicest
larger
largest
safer
safest
形容词的比较级
big
bigger
形容词的最高级
big
bigger
biggest
形容词的比较级和最高级
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词，末
尾只有一个辅音字母，应双
写辅音字母,再加-er或-est.
fat
thin
hot
red
fatter
fattest
thinner
thinnest
hotter
hottest
redder
reddest
形容词的比较级
heavy
heavier
形容词的最高级
heavy
heavier
heaviest
形容词的比较级和最高级
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，
变y为i，再加er或est.
happy
pretty
easy
thirsty
happier
happiest
prettier
prettiest
easier
easiest
thirstier
thirstiest
形容词的比较级
difficult
more difficult
形容词的最高级
difficult
more
difficult
the most
difficult
interesting
delicious
beautiful
more
interesting
the most interesting
more
delicious
the most
delicious
more
beautiful
the most
beautiful
形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单 音 节 词 和 少 数 双 音 节 词 比较级：-er 最高级: -est long tall longer taller longest
tallest
以字母e接尾的词 加-r或-st nice large nicer larger nicest
largest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加-er或-est busy easy busier easier busiest
easiest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词, 应双写辅音字母, 再加 -er或-est big hot thin bigger hotter thinner biggest
hottest
thinnest
多音 节词 多音节词和部分双音节词在前面加more和most useful more useful the most useful
形容词的比较级的不规则变化
little
less
形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化
little
less
least
形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
bad worse worst
many / much more most
good better best
little less least
old older / elder oldest / eldest
far farther / further farthest / furthest
形容词原级的用法
Lucy is as _______ as Lily,
for they are twin sisters.
old
形容词原级句型
as…as 之间一定要用形容词原形，表示“和…一样”或“是…的几倍”
形容词原级的用法
VS
The colourful house is not ____________ the green house.
as big as
形容词原级句型结构
not so /as …as （so用以代替第一个as时，只能用于否定句），表示“不如….”或“不像…那样”
形容词比较级的用法
1）________________________________________________
①他比我高。He is ________ (tall) than me.
②他的头发比我的短。His hair is ________(short) than _________.
He has ________ (short) hair than ________.
A … 比较级 + than B
表示两者（人或物）的比较。
taller
shorter
mine
me
shorter
形容词比较级的用法
2）________________________________________
天气越来越冷了。It's getting ______ and _______(cold).
3）________________________________________
越多越好。 The ________, the _______.
“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越…”
“The 比较级…，the 比较级…”表示“越…，就越…”
colder
colder
more
better
形容词最高级的用法
①在我们班上他最高。 He is __________ ( tall) _____ our class.
②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。 Mary is __________ (young) ______ the three students.
表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较, 其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。
the tallest
in
the youngest
of
形容词最高级的用法
Beijing is ___________________ in China.
one of the largest cities
最高级句型结构
“one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”
tips
1.The new building is higher than the old one.
Those apples are bigger than these ones.
2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.
如果主语是物主代词+名词，
那么后面要用名词性物主代词。
比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在than或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词 that ，those, one ,ones.
tips
3.This is the third largest city in China .
4. It’s our largest machine in our factory.
当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加
定冠词the.
当表示“第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高
级的前面加second, third等词。
practice
My sister is getting .
A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter
C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fater
2) They are to us than before.
A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier
3) Jack is the boy our class.
A. tallest, in B. taller,in C. most tall, of D. more tall of
practice
The Oriental Pearl is ________ (high) than The Eiffel Tower.
higher
practice
Snow White is one of _______________
(famous) cartoon charactors.
the most famous
Review
概述
形容词的比较级
形容词的最高级
形容词
adjective
变化规则
用法
小升初语法
副词
副词的概念、分类、用法、位置
副词的比较级
副词的最高级
程度副词
副词
The boy is running slowly.
The boy dances beautifully.
The ugly boy looks at me
angrily.
The boy runs slowly.
The boy dances beautifully.
The ugly boy looks at me angrily.
用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词
或句子的词叫作副词.
修饰名词用形容词！
副词的定义
副词的分类
地点副词
方式副词
频率副词
时间副词
疑问副词
程度副词
时 间 副 词 所 用 时 态
recently, sometimes … 一般现在时
yesterday, ago, before… 一般过去时
now 现在进行时
then 过去进行时
soon, tonight, today, tomorrow 一般将来时
already，yet，ever，never 现在完成时
时间副词
地点副词和动词连用时不加介词
（go home/come here/go there)
above abroad
anywhere everywhere
up upstairs down downstairs
here there
inside outside
in home out outdoor
near away back off
地点副词
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never
频率副词
a little, almost, enough, hardly, much,
nearly, quite, so , too, very, even
I feel better now.
even
有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级，
有些能修饰形容词比较级
程度副词
I feel better now.
where when how often
how soon how
how far how long
疑问副词
slowly fast
well quickly
carefully badly easily
方式副词
副词的用法
副词主要作状语，它可以修饰动词、形容词和副词，有时也修饰整个句子。
形容词 规则 副词
一般情况 加ly quick-
以y结尾的单音节词 加ly dry-
以y结尾的双音节词 变y为i，再加ly happy-
以e结尾的词 开音节词 加ly nice-
元音字母加e结尾 去e加ly true-
以（a）ble结尾 改（a）ble为bly possible-
特殊情况 good- quickly
happily
nicely
truly
形容词变副词的规则
possibly
well
dryly
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
近地
仔细地
1. close，closely
注意：加ly意义不同的副词
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately
晚
最近
2. late, lately
几乎不
3. hard, hardly
Mr. Green works hard.
I can hardly hear the traffic in the street.
努力地
几乎，将近
4. near, nearly
My home is near our school.
Vivi is nearly thirty years old.
附近，近的
I'll go outside.
Please do it quickly.
I will go swimming tomorrow.
副词的位置：
位置：时间、地点和方式副词一般放在句末。
He often goes to school.
She is always kind to me.
You must always do your exercises.
频率副词位置：情be助之后，实义动词之前。
He runs fast enough.
Don’t worry, we have enough time.
2.enough+名词
1.形容词/副词+enough
程度副词位置：形容词副词前。enough除外
1
too,very,so,enough
副词 含义 时态 搭配
too 形、副词之前 too...to... 消极情绪含贬义
very 形、副词之前 不能修饰动词 太...客观描述中性
so 形、副词之前 so...that... 如此...以至于...
含褒义
enough 名前形后 ...enough to do... 足够...含褒义
常用副词的区别:
2
much too 与 too much与too many
副词 含义 时态 搭配
much too 实在，太... 修饰形容词或副词原级 much too
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 too much
too many 许多 修饰可数名词复数 too many
3
also,either,too,as well
副词 用法
also 用于肯定句及疑问句中，放在系动词、助动词后，实义动词之前
either 主要用于否定句，通常放在句末
too 用于肯定句及疑问句中，多用于口语，一般放在句末
as well 用于肯定句及疑问句中，多用于口语，一般放在句末
4
how long, how often, how soon
副词 时态 搭配
how long 对时间段提问 完成时态 for+一段时间
how often 对频率提问 一般现在时 一般过去时 once a week , every two days
how soon 对还要多久提问 一般将来时 in+时间段
5
alone与lonely
副词 含义 搭配
alone 单独的，独自地 既可做形容词，也可做副词
lonely 寂寞的，孤独的 只可做形容词
He lives_______, but he doesn't feel_______.
副词的比较级
大多数副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是副词原形，比较级表示“较......; 更......”，最高级表示“最..... ”。
He lives more happily than I.
副词比较级用法
① 副词比较级的变化规则与形容词比较级变化规则一样。
faster
fast
more happily
happily
② 以ly结尾的副词变比较级要在前面加more（early除外）
earlier
early
I felt my heart beating faster.
他过得比我幸福。
Why not tell me earlier
你怎么不早告诉我呢
副词比较级用法
The weather got worse during the day.
better
well
worse
badly
less
little
He is in a much better mood than usual.
We are eating more and exercising less.
more
much
She looked more sad than in pain.
当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。
“A＋动词+副词比较级＋than+B．”
“副词比较级＋and＋副词比较级” 结构表示“越来越…”
I went to school earlier than my sister
我们生活地越来越幸福。
副词比较级用法
did.
went to school.
We live more and more happily.
副词最高级
副词的最高级的变化规则与形容词的最高级的变化规则一样。
副词最高级用法
He runs _____（fast） in our class.
副词最高级用法
Our school team palys football ______（well）in our region.
副词最高级用法
He was voted the worst dressed celebrity(名人).
best
well
worst
badly
least
little
Our class team palys football best in our school.
Which festival do you like best
He worked least.
most
much
What did you enjoy (the) most
the most beautiful part
程度副词的用法
Houses are much more expensive these days.
（1）程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等) 和最高级 (如quite, much, almost等)。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here.
程度副词的用法
I quite agree with you.
（2）有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词。
We rather like the film.
副词的概念、分类、用法、位置
副词的比较级
副词的最高级
程度副词
副词
谢谢
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名词专项
第一节 名词的分类
名词：是用来表示人事物、地点或抽象概念等的词
（一）名词的分类
名词按其所表示的意义可分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns）；根据其所表示的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
（1）专有名词
专有名词表示人、事物、地点或机构等专有的名称，通常由一个词或几个词构成，如Mike, Miss Li, China, English, the Great Wall, the US等。
（2）普通名词
普通名词表示某一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。如：book, family, work等。
普通名词又可以分为以下四类：
①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如student, house。
常见的个体名词（Individual Nouns）：
boy男孩 child孩子 student学生 tree树 banana香蕉 apple苹果
②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如class, people。
常见的集体名词（Collective Nouns）：
family家庭 nation国家 police警察 team队伍 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E9%98%9F%E4%BC%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "https: / / wenda. / q / _blank )
③物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如milk, coffee。
常见的物质名词（Material Nouns）：
wood木料 meat肉 wine酒 tea茶
paper纸 ink墨水 water水 salt盐
④抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等，抽象概念，
如：love, weather。
常见的抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：
time时间 hope希望 age年龄 health健康 help帮助
（3）可数名词
可数名词（Countable Nouns）是可以用数字进行计算的名词，如个体名词和集体名词。
（4）不可数名词
不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）是不可以用数字进行计算的名词，如物质名词和抽象名词。名词的分类图表如下：
名词 专有名词
普通名词 个体名词 可数名词
集体名词
物质名词 不可数名词
抽象名词
常见的不可数名词积累
wood木头 air空气 baggage行李 bread面包 chalk粉笔
cloth布 coffee咖啡 fire火 food食品 fruit水果
fun乐趣 glass玻璃 grass草 hair头发 ink墨水
luck运气 light光 meat肉 money钱 music音乐
paper纸 tea茶 rain雨 rice米 snow雪
sugar糖 water水 weather天气 wind风 work工作
第二节 名词的数
（1）可数名词单复数
1. 可以用数目来计算的词叫可数名词，可数名词分为单数名词和复数名词。
2. 单数名词一般要和不定冠词a,an连用。当单词的音标以元音音素开头用an，辅音音素开头用a。
常考与an, a连用的单词或词组
apple/orange/ant/umbrella/elephant ‘u’
hour/honest boy
eight-year-old boy/eleven-year-old girl uniform
an Englishman/Australian/American a
old man/orange hat useful book
‘m’ ‘n’ ‘h’ ‘f’ ‘l’ ‘s’ ‘x’
interesting story/exciting movie university student
3. 可数名词复数
可数名词单数变复数的变化形式如下:
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/ book → booksroom → roomsgirl → girls
以s, x, sh,ch结尾的词 加-es 读/ z/ watch → watchesbus → busesbox → boxes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es 读/ z/ family → familiesstory → stories
以f或fe结尾的词 把f或fe变为v再加-es 读/vz/ thief → thievesknife → knives
常见不规则可数名词
构成方法 例词
单复数同形 Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanesesheep-sheep, deer-deer, fish-fish
改变中间元音字母 foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geeseman-men, woman-women, policeman-policewomen
其他 mouse-mice, child-children, ox-oxen，people, clothes, pants, trousers, shorts
（2）不可数名词的数
一般来说，不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a, an 连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。
例如： a box of milk 一盒牛奶 a glass of water一杯水
a bowl of noodles一碗面 a cup of tea一杯茶
much food 大量的食物 some milk一些牛奶
a little time 一点时间 a lot of fruit 很多水果
常见量词短语：
a piece of… 一块/张/片……
a loaf of …一个…… a bar of …一条……
a pair of (glasses, shoes)一双、副 a couple of一对
a bunch of(flowers)一束 a box of 一盒
a basket of 一篮 a plate of 一盘
a set of 一套 a group of 一队，一组，一群
量词短语的复数形式：
a box of milk 一盒牛奶 two boxes of milk 两盒牛奶
a glass of water一杯水 four glasses of water四杯水
a bowl of noodles一碗面 three bowls of noodles三碗面
a cup of tea一杯茶 five cups of tea五杯茶
a loaf of bread一片面包 ten loafs of bread十片面包
a piece of cake一块蛋糕 seven pieces of cake七块蛋糕
a can of cola一罐可乐 six cans of cola六罐可乐
a bottle of orange juice一瓶橙汁 nine bottles of orange juice九瓶橙汁
第三节 名词的所有格
名词所有格是能够表示物主或所有关系的一种形式。
常见的名词所有格有两种形式：
在名词后加 's：
表示有生命的物体的名词用's表示所有关系。构成如下：
①一般在单数名词词尾直接加“ ’s”。如：Tom's mother
②不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“ ’s”。如：Children's Day
③ 以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“ ’ ”。
如：the students' classroom
表示几个词共有的关系，在最后一个词的词尾加“ ’s ”。
如：Su Hai and Su Yang’s mother
表示几个词各自的所有关系，在每个词的词尾加“ ’s ”。
如：Su Hai’s and Su Yang’s bags
Of所有格：
无生命的物体的名词所有格通常由“ of+名词”构成。
如：the name of our school 我们学校的名字
2.表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以加
" 's "或“ ’ ”。
如：five minutes' walk 5分钟的路程
对应练习
一、将右侧单词填到合适的方框内
二、单项选择
（ ）1. Maths ______ my favourite subject.
A. is B. am C. are d. be
（ ）2. Water ______ very important.
A. is B. am C. are d. be
（ ）3. Tom has two ________.
A. box B. pen C. computers d. car
（ ）4. She must look after those _________.
A. dog B. sheep C. parrot D. animal
（ ）5. The boy is thirsty. He would like ________.
A. a cup of tea B. a bowl of rice
C. a box of chocolate D. a piece of bread
（ ）6. He has two big _______.
A. eyes B. hairs C. noses D. mouths
（ ）7. There is a _______ and two _______ in my bag.
A. pencil-box; pen B. pencil-box; pencils
C. pencil-boxes; pen D. pencil-boxes; pencils
（ ）8. I want ________, please.
A. a glass water B. a water
C. two glass of water D. a glass of water
三、看图，根据句子填单词。
1. For dessert I had a __ __ __.
2. We cooked __ __ __ __ __ __ on the grill（烤架）.
3. The __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ came from Hawaii.
4. I like to eat bacon with my __ __ __ __.
5. My grandma bought __ __ __ __ __ __ for her pie.
6. I put butter and sour cream on my __ __ __ __ __ __.
四、阅读理解
There are 365 days in a year. We sleep 8 hours a day, so we have 122 days for sleeping. Then our work time has 243 days left. But there are 52 weekends in a year. Each weekend is two days. We lose another 104 days a year for work. It takes us about one hour to have breakfast and supper. This comes to 15 days over a year. But we can’t work all that time-we need a holiday. Let’s say we have three weeks’ holiday. We don’t work all day. Four free hours each evening takes up 61 days. We have to remember that we get 2 days’ holiday at Easter(复活节), 3 at Christmas and 1 at the New Year. There are also 4 Bank holidays. Take those 10 days away and we have 32 days for work. But then we have one and a half hours’ lunch every day, and half an hour’s coffee break. That comes to 30 days a year. This means that we have only a few days left for work every year!
( )1. How many days do we sleep in a year __________ days.
A. 365 B. 122 C. 8 D. 52
( )2. We spend 15 days on __________.
A. rest B. coffee break C. lunch D. breakfast and supper
( )3. Which of the following is true __________
A. Each weekend is one day.
B. We have 61 days for free time.
C. We get 3 days’ holiday at Easter.
D. Coffee break takes us one hour.
( )4. According to the passage, we know that we don’t have __________ time to work every year.
A. much too B. so many C. too much D. too many
( )5. The writer means __________.
A. we should know the numbers
B. time is important and we’d better not waste it
C. we need more holidays
D. a few days for work is enough
答案
将右侧单词填到合适的方框内
Singular words: cat, rope, desk, paper, shoe, apple
Plural words: bags, girls, pencils, kids, dogs, friends
单项选择
A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D
看图，根据句子填单词
pie 2. steaks 3. pineapple 4. eggs 5. apples 6. potato
阅读理解
B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B
形容词
形容词的概念、分类、用法、位置
形容词 形容词的比较级
形容词的最高级
第一节 形容词的概念、分类、用法、位置
1. 形容词的概念：
形容词：是用来描述和修饰名词、代词，说明其性质、状态和特征的词。
2. 形容词的分类
形容词可分为：品质形容词（如 beautiful，modest）、颜色形容词（如
yellow, orange)、类属形容词（如 Chinese，American）、强调形容词（如real、perfect）、和复合形容词（如ten-year-old）等。
3. 形容词的用法
形容词在句中可以作定语、表语或宾语补足语等。
①作定语。如：
He is a foolish king. 他是一个愚蠢的国王。
There are many busy streets in our city. 在我们城市有许多繁忙的街道。
②作表语。如:
The meat is very yummy. 这肉很好吃。
The weather became cloudy and windy. 天气变得多云、有风。
③作宾语补足语。如：
Rubbish makes the streets dirty and messy. 垃圾使街道脏乱不堪。
4. 形容词在句中的位置
①形容词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。如：
Helen has short hair and small eyes. 海伦留着短头发、长着小眼睛。
②形容词作表语时，放在连系动词之后，如：
The soup smells so nice. 这汤闻起来真香
We are hungry and cold. 我们又饿又冷。
③形容词作宾语补足语时，放在宾语之后。如：
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持我们教室清洁。
Doing more exercise can make you healthy and strong. 多做运动会使你健康强壮。
④形容词放在疑问代词、不定代词之后。如：
Where else did you go for the holiday 假期你还去了其他什么地方？
Mr White has something important to tell us. 怀特先生有重要的事情要告诉我们。
⑤形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”等词连用时，常放在后面。如：
The man is about two meters tall. 那个男的身高大约两米。
Wang Bing is fourteen years old. 王兵十四岁。
第二节 形容词的比较级
大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是形容词原形，比
较级表示“较......; 更......”。
形容词比较级的规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级
单音节词和少数双音节词及以-y结尾的词 一般在形容词词尾加-er longwarm longerwarmer
结尾是-e的形容词只加-r large larger
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er bigfat biggerfatter
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，先变y为i，再加-er busyearly busierearlier
多音节词和部分双音节词 在形容词前加more interestingimportant more interestingmore important
2．形容词比较级的用法
（1）比较级用于两者的比较，常用于以下结构中：
A＋be动词+形容词比较级+ than＋B，例如：
Peter is younger than Mike．彼得比迈克年轻。
This word is more difficult than that one．这个单词比那个单词难。
（2）使用比较级应注意的几个问题：
① 形容词比较级前可以加程度副词（much，far，a lot，a bit，a little，even，still等），表示“…得多”“甚至……““更……一些”等。例如：
This apple is much bigger than that one．这个苹果比那个苹果大得多。
②“比较级+and＋比较级”“more and more十原级”意为“越来越……”“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，越……”例如：
It's getting darker and darker. 天越来越黑了。 The more，the better．越多越好。
第三节 形容词的最高级
形容词的最高级
大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是形容词原形，最高级表示“最..... ”。
1．形容词最高级的规则变化
构成方法 原级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词及以-y结尾的词 一般在原级词尾加-est longwarm longestwarmest
结尾是-e的词只加-st large largest
重读闭音节词以单个辅音字母结尾，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-est bigfat biggestfattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先变y为i，再加-est busyearly busiestearliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加most interestingimportant most interestingmost important
2．形容词最高级的用法
（1）三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较时常用形容词的最高级，它一般用于“the＋形容词最高级＋ of／in＋范围”中，表示“在......中，......最......
例如：
Lucy is the youngest of all．露西是所有人中最年轻的。
Spring is the best season of the year．春天是一年中最好的季节。
（2）如果形容词最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格，则不再用定冠词the。
例如： It is my busiest day．这是我最忙的一天。
（3）可用带of／in的介词短语来说明比较的范围
例如： of all the boys 在所有男孩中 in our class 在我们班里
（4）使用形容词最高级应注意的问题
① 形容词最高级前面如果有序数词，序数词应放在定冠词之后。
例如：
Is Nanjing the second largest city in China？南京是中国第二大城市吗？
②“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最......之一”。
例如：
This flower is one of the most beautiful flowers. 这朵花是最漂亮的花之一。
对应练习
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
young ___________ ___________ 6. thin ___________ ___________
Good ___________ ___________ 7. cheap ___________ ___________
Slow ___________ ___________ 8. happy ___________ ___________
ugly ___________ ___________ 9. hot ___________ ___________
5. cold ___________ ___________ 10. small ___________ ___________
单选题
1. Li Ming is ______ students in our class.
A. taller B. tallest one of C. one of the tallest D. tallest of all
2. Shanghai is one of _______ city in China.
A. biggest B. big C. the biggest D. the most big
3. Hainan is a very large island. It is the second _______ island in China.
A. large B. larger C largest D. most largest
4. The USA is one the _______ countries in the world.
A. rich B. richer C. more rich D. richest
5. Of all the books this one is ______.
A. useful B. more useful C. most useful D. the most useful
用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. Brian is __________ than (fat) Dave.
2. This is the __________ (good) computer game in the shop.
3. Zoe is __________ (short) than Dave.
4. July is __________ (hot) than January.
5. Adam is the __________ (big) boy in the team.
6. Ann is the __________( pretty) girl in the class.
7. Cars are __________(fast) than bikes.
8. This is the __________(small) toy shop in my town.
9. These glasses are __________(cheap) than those glasses.
10. Sally is __________(young) than her brother, Dave.
阅读理解
Mexico（墨西哥）’s neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.
Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.
Mexico also has its specialties. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize（玉米）, avocados（鳄梨）, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla（香草）, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.
( ) 1. Mexico is ____the USA.
A. on the south of B. on the north of C. a part of D. as large as
( ) 2. Mexicans speak______.
A. English C. French B. Spanish D. Latin(拉丁语)
( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.
B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.
C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.
D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world.
( ) 4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.
A. America B. Spain C. Tokyo D. Mexico
( ) 5. The best title (题目) of the passage is ______.
A. Mexico City B. Mexico's plants C. Mexico D. Mexico's population
答案
写出下列单词的比较级和最高级
1. younger; youngest 2. better; best 3. slower; slowest
4. uglier; ugliest 5. colder; coldest 6. thinner; thinnest
7. cheaper; cheapest 8. happier; happiest 9. hotter; hottest
10. smaller; smallest
单选题
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. D
用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. fatter 2. best 3. shorter 4. hotter 5. biggest
6. prettiest 7. faster 8. smallest 9. cheaper 10. younger
阅读理解
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C
副词
副词的概念、分类、用法、位置
副词 副词的比较级
副词的最高级
频率副词，程度副词
副词的概念、分类、用法、位置
1. 副词的概念：
副词：是用来说明动作或状态的特征、方式、程度、时间及地点等的词。
2. 副词的分类
（1）时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等。
（2）地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
（3）方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
（4）程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
（5）疑问副词 如：when, how, where, why
（6）频度副词 如：always, often, once, sometimes, usually, hardly ever, never, seldom等
3. 副词的用法
①作状语
副词主要作状语，它可以修饰动词、形容词和副词，有时也修饰整个句子。如：
The children are playing in the park happily. 孩子们正在公园里开心地玩。
副词修饰动词
He was very excited about the fashion show. 他对这次时装秀感到兴奋不已。
副词修饰形容词
I like animals very much. 我非常喜欢动物。
副词修饰副词
Suddenly she found a mouse beside her. 她突然发现她旁边有一只老鼠。
副词修饰整个句子
②作定语
The dolls here are ours. 这儿的洋娃娃是我们的。
The people there are very helpful. 那儿的人们非常乐于助人。
③作表语
Class is over. Let's have a rest. 下课了。让我们休息一下吧。
My father was out last week. 我爸爸上周出去了。
4. 副词在句中的位置
①副词修饰动词时，通常放在被修饰的动词后面。如：
The boy jumps high. 这男孩跳得高。
Don't shout loudly in the library, please. 请不要在图书馆里大喊大叫。
②副词修饰形容词和副词时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。如：
I'm very happy today. 我今天很高兴。
Yang Ling plays the piano very well. 杨玲钢琴弹得非常好。
③地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
It often rains in spring here. 这儿春天经常下雨。
My uncle is going to New York tomorrow. 我叔叔明天打算去纽约。
They are sitting on the ground quietly. 他们正静静地坐在地上。
④程度副词（一般修饰形容词和副词）放在被修饰词的前面。如：
I feel much better now. 我现在感觉好多了。
⑤疑问副词通常放在句首。如：
Where are you going now 你们现在打算去哪儿？
⑥频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面，如：
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
5. 形容词变副词的规则
形容词 规则 副词
一般情况 加ly slow — slowlycareful — carefully
以y结尾的单音节词 加ly dry — drylyshy — shyly
以y结尾的双音节词 变y为i，再加ly lucky — luckilyheavy — heavily
以e结尾的词 开音节词 加ly polite — politelywide — widely
元音字母加e结尾 去e加ly true — trulydue — duly
以（a）ble结尾 改（a）ble为bly terrible — terribly
特殊情况 good — well
副词的比较级
副词的比较级
大多数副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是副词原形，比较级表示“较......; 更......”，最高级表示“最..... ”。
1．副词比较级的规则变化
副词的比较级的变化规则与形容词的比较级的变化规则一样。如：
fast — faster hard — harder
I felt my heart beating faster. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 我感觉我的心越跳越快。
We need to work harder in order to earn more. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 我们要赚更多钱，就必须更努力地工作。
有一些不规则变化的副词要特殊记忆。如：
well — better badly — worse little — less much — more
He is in a much better mood than usual. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 他的情绪比平时好多了。
The weather got worse during the day. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 日间天气变得更恶劣了。
We are eating more and exercising less. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 我们吃得多了，锻炼却少了。
She looked more sad than in pain. 她看起来更多的是悲伤，而不是疼痛。
注意：以ly结尾的副词变比较级要在前面加more（early除外）。如：more happily，
more carefully
They now live more happily than before. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 他们现在比以前过的更幸福。
You must work much more carefully. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 你应工作得更加细心。
2．常见的含有副词比较级的结构：
（1）“A＋动词十副词比较级＋than＋B．”
当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。如：
My father got up earlier than his father（did）．我父亲起得比他父亲早。
She works much harder than I（do）．她工作比我努力多了。
（2）“副词比较级＋and＋副词比较级” 结构表示“越来越…”。
例如： They came to school earlier and earlier. 他们到校越来越早。
副词的最高级
副词的最高级
大多数形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。原级就是形容词原形，比
较级表示“较......; 更......”，最高级表示“最..... ”
1．副词最高级的规则变化
副词的最高级的变化规则与形容词的最高级的变化规则一样。如：
fast — fastest hard — hardest
He wanted to be the fastest man on earth. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 他想成为世界上跑得最快的人。
The hardest part is mostly done. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 最困难的部分大都已完工了。
有一些不规则变化的副词要特殊记忆。如：
well — best badly — worst little — least much — most
Is that your best suit ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 那是你最漂亮的一套衣服吗？
She says smoking is the worst thing. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 她说抽烟是最坏的事情。
He has the least money of all of us. ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 他是我们大家中钱最少的。
Who do you think will get (the) most votes ( https: / / fanyi. / javascript:void(0); ) 你认为谁会得到最多的选票？
2．副词最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的比较常用“（the）＋副词最高级＋of／in＋范围”结构，表示“在………中，……最”。如：
Of all the runners，he runs fastest．在所有的赛跑者中他跑得最快。
Jim writes English best of／among my classmates．在我的同学中，吉姆英语写得最好。
频率副词、程度副词
频率副词，用于表示频率。如：always, often, sometimes, usually, hardly, never, seldom等。
程度副词，用于表示程度。如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very, pretty, quite, too, perfectly, really等。
1. 频率副词的用法
★ always
always 意为“总是”，频率最高，表示动作持续，没有间断，也可以表示讨厌等感彩。如：
（1）The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。
（2）He is always smoking. 他总是抽烟。
★ usually
usually意为“通常”, 即很少例外，频率仅次于always. 如：
（1）He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车上学。
★ often
often意为“经常，常常”，不如usually那么频繁。如：
（1）Children don't often do homework. 孩子们经常不写作业。
（2）He is often late for school. 他经常上学迟到。
★ sometimes
sometimes意思为“有时，不时”，表示次数较少（低于often所表达的次数），常常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如：
Sometimes he goes to work by bike, and sometimes he goes by bus.
有时候他骑自行车上班，有时候他乘公共汽车上班。
（2）Sometimes I helped my parents in the house. 有时候我帮助父母做家务。
★ hardly
hardly意思为“难得, 几乎从来不”，它所表示的次数非常少。如：
（1）He hardly drinks. 他几乎不喝酒。
（2）She hardly plays cards. 她几乎不打牌。
★ never
never意思为“决不, 从未”，表示一次也没有。如：
（1）He never lives there. 他从来都没有在那儿住过。
（2）She never has anything to do. 她一向无所事事。
用百分比表示大致如下：
always总是 频率：100%
often时常 频率：80%
usually经常 频率：60%
sometimes有时 频率：40%
seldom偶尔 频率：20%
never从不 频率：0%
2. 频度副词的位置:
★ 频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
（1）She is often late for school. 她上学经常迟到。
（2）He usually goes to bed at about 12. 他通常(午夜)十二点钟睡觉。
（3）When do you usually get up in the morning 早上你通常什么时候起床？
★ sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以放在句尾。如:
（1）I sometimes think that it is a great mistake. 我有时想这是一个大错。
（2）Sometimes I help my mother in the house. 有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。
★ often可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。如:
（1）We have been there quite often. 我们经常到那儿去。
3. 程度副词在句子中的位置及用法：
通常程度副词要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前。例如：
The place is quite different from what it used to be. 这个地方和以前已经大不相同了。
The problem is too hard. 这个问题很难。
程度副词用法：
（1）程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)。如：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。
【说明】quite 有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
（2）有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词。如:
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
对应练习
单项选择
1. People in different countries behave ______ when they eat dinner.
A. quietly B. differently C. healthily D. politely
2. -- Is the physics problem _______
-- Yes. I can work it out _______.
A. easy; easily B. easy; easy C. easily; easy D. easily; easier
3. Her mother was out. She stayed at home_______, but she didn't feel _______.
A. lonely lonely B. alone, lonely C. alone, alone D. lonely, alone
4. Which do you like __________, the city or the town
A. good B. better C. best D. well
5. -- What a careful boy you are!
-- Thank you. In fact ,Tom does everything ______than me.
A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful D. carefully
6. He jumps _____ of the three.
A. far B. further C. farthest D. farther
7. Which do you like _______, coffee, tea or milk
A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst
8. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride____.
A. most B. more C. less D. little
9. -- John sings so well. Has he ever been trained
-- No. He learns all by himself. He ________ goes to any training class.
A. usually B. often C. never D. even
10. -- Miss Gao is very popular with her students.
-- Yes. Her classes are ______ lively and interesting.
A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always
选择正确的词填空。
Sarah is 12 years _______ (old/older). She is one year _______ (older/oldest)
than me. But I am 0.1 meter _______ (taller/tallest)than her. She studies in
Guangzhou International School. She studies _______ (harder/hardest)in her
class. Everyone likes her. Yesterday she was ill. She took some medicine and she feels _______ (good/better) now.
阅读理解
Who Do You Like Best
Lily has a new mobile phone. Jane has a new mobile phone, too. They can
send messages to friends. They can read stories on the mobile phone。
One day, Jane sent a message to Lily in English class. "What animal do you
like best " But the teacher was asking questions about the children’s families
“Who do you like best in your family Will you answer the question, Lily "
Lily was writing back her message, so she stood up and answered, "Tiger!” All the children laughed.
阅读短文，判断正（T）误（F）。
（ ）1. Both Lily and Jane have mobile phones.
（ ）2. They are listening to music on the phone.
（ ）3. Jane sent Lily a message in English class.
（ ）4. Jane asked Lily who she liked best in her family.
（ ）5. Lily was writing back her message. She didn't hear the teacher’s question.
答案
1. DA BBA CDACD
选择正确的词填空。
old, older, taller, hardest, better
阅读理解
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
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