中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Part 2 LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2020江苏)Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing
(影响) performance.
2.(2024重庆缙云教育联盟9月月考)A young man bought an old house that was in bad shape and he (恢复) it.
3.All cars will be powered by electricity, (太阳能的) energy or wind energy in the future city.
4.The authority determined to save the s to prevent them from going extinct.
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1.Have you been hatching up a deal with her
词性: 词义:
2.Shortly after the workers went on strike, police began to mass at the factory.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.选词填空
die out, wipe out, up to, be at risk
1.Only in this way can we all the enemies.
2.Members can borrow five books from the library at any one time.
3.In short, certain groups related to the work will .
4.Animals could for lack of food or water.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空
1.The shop sells (variety) of toys that attract lots of children.
2.The number of the workers in that factory is the decrease.
3.The managing director was to blame the accident, although it was not really his fault.
4.(2019江苏)Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping
(endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
5.You should thank those who oppose you because they give you
a(n) (usual) opportunity for growth.
Ⅴ.单元语法专练
1.There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of
belong to one group.
2.You will mainly learn Chinese food is deeply loved by Chinese people.
3.(2024广东深圳实验学校第一阶段考试)He immediately rushed to the hospital after receiving the call, is next to his college.
4.There is nothing we can do to help Linda, circumstances are beyond our control.
5.These are the texts to be reviewed, all of are intended for the coming exams.
Ⅵ.完成句子
1.它的利润增长速度是一般公司的四倍。(一句多译)
①Its profits are rising those of the average company. (than)
②Its profits are rising
those of the average company.(as...as)
2.(2022全国乙写作)我们学生进行自我反思是很重要的。
we students should conduct self-reflection.
3.The study(书房) is the place where I often have talks with my father. (句型转换)
→The study is the place I often have talks with my father.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species 1 ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2 (be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended, 3 (include) the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, and the fifth event. The 4 (reason) for extinctions are 5 (vary). Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be 6 (blame).
A 2015 study by scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 7 (fast) than normal. 8 is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
If a sixth mass extinction 9 (occur), scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out and we would also be at risk of 10 (die) out. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and take action to protect it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023河南安阳期中)
Government officials from 196 countries gathered for the United Nations Conference of the Parties in Glasgow, Scotland, from October 31 1 November 13. The meeting brings world 2 (leader) together every year to solve climate change.
Officials had several goals. One was to figure out 3 to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5℃ above preindustrial (工业化前的) levels. Any 4 (high), scientists say, the world will see a sharp increase in 5 (nature) disasters. (The Earth has already warmed 1.1℃.)
At the meeting, more than 100 countries 6 (agree) to cut methane (甲烷) emissions (排放) by 30% this decade. Methane is a planet-warming gas. More than 130 countries promised 7 (stop) cutting down trees within that time.
But many young people say promises are not enough. They want a formal agreement. They say it 8 (need) to make sure countries keep their promises.
On November 6, some 100,000 people attended a meeting in Glasgow. “Leaders keep 9 (praise) young people for standing up and protesting,” Vanessa Nakate, a climate activist from Uganda, told Time. “But saving 10 world needs decisions from the leaders.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024安徽省六安第一中学期中)
This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heatwaves broke temperature records worldwide. It's more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity.
Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air conditioner and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact.
Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify(除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense(冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant(去湿的) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit.
However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won't work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It's critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.”
“Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn't one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.”
1.Why does the author talk about the recorded heat in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons. B.To support his theory.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To show cooled places.
2.What does Transaera say about its system
A.It's available in the market. B.It's time-honoured.
C.It's the most efficient model. D.It's energy-saving.
3.What is Nicole Miranda's attitude to just upgrading air conditioners
A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Negative. D.Uncaring.
4.What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling
A.Companies will offer various options.
B.A comprehensive approach is required.
C.We can address the issue once and for all.
D.Our first priority is to lower electric bills.
B
(2022湖南名校联考联合体联考)
Corals are live animals that take root in the ocean floor, but they don't belong to plants. Coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are the hard bones left at the bottom of the sea by small creatures called polyps(珊瑚虫). The polyps then form the larger structure of a reef. Coral provides a home for a number of sea creatures, such as fish and sea snakes.
A new report released by the government in Australia shows ocean sediment(沉积物) and chemicals can weaken the coral, hurting its ability to feed and develop. What's worse, the water quality in the Great Barrier Reef is far below what it should be. The report assessed the condition of the reef. It claimed that chemicals and pollution have decreased to some extent, but not enough to reach environmental targets. It's clear that previous attempts to protect the Great Barrier Reef are failing.
Steve Miles, Queensland's environment minister, says, “Over that five-year period, we did make some progress towards the targets. Sediment is down by 12 percent and chemicals are down by 30 percent. What is most disturbing is that the results are actually far from the goals though the government has put a lot of money into the conservation of the reef. Besides, progress towards the targets almost flatlined last year. If one of my kids came home with a report card like this, I would be a bit disappointed.”
It is reported that fewer than one-third of Queensland's sugar plantations rely on techniques to reduce the use of chemicals. Only 28 percent of landowners manage their land properly. They have reduced harmful water run-off on the way to the Great Barrier Reef so as to safeguard the health of the reef. The official target is a 90 percent reduction in chemical use within three years. Farmers say they are going to use more environmentally-friendly practices as soon as possible.
5.What do we know about coral
A.It does great harm to the polyps.
B.It is a member of the plant family.
C.It usually moves freely in the water.
D.It provides shelter for many sea creatures.
6.What can we learn from the new report
A.Chemicals can help the coral grow well.
B.Pollution in Australia becomes more serious.
C.The water in the Great Barrier Reef is perfect.
D.The Great Barrier Reef needs further protection.
7.What does Steve Miles think of the protection of the reef
A.It's a waste of money and time.
B.The results are not very satisfying.
C.The measures have no effect at all.
D.The biggest progress was made last year.
8.What is the text mainly about
A.Living things in the Great Barrier Reef.
B.New findings about the Great Barrier Reef.
C.The Great Barrier Reef suffers from pollutants.
D.Different ways to protect the Great Barrier Reef.
答案与分层梯度式解析
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.affects 2.restored 3.solar 4.species
Ⅱ.1.动词;密谋,策划 句意:你是不是在和她密谋什么交易
2.动词;聚集 句意:工人们罢工后不久,警察就开始在工厂集结。
Ⅲ.1.wipe out 2.up to 3.be at risk 4.die out
Ⅳ.1.varieties 考查名词复数。主句的谓语动词是sells,空后是of toys,且此处variety是可数名词,前面没有限定词,因此用复数形式,varieties of=a variety of各种各样的。故填varieties。
2.on 考查固定短语。on the decrease意为“在下降中”。
3.for 考查固定用法。be to blame for...意为“对……负有责任”。
4.endangered 考查形容词。根据空后的cranes可知,设空处作定语,因此应用形容词,故填endangered。
5.unusual 考查形容词。句意:你应该感谢那些反对你的人,因为他们给了你一个不寻常的成长机会。根据句意可知此处用unusual“异常的;不平常的”。
Ⅴ.1.whom 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:博物馆里有一百人,其中大约三分之一属于一个群体。分析句子可知,这里是非限制性定语从句,先行词为one hundred people,设空处作介词of的宾语,所以应用关系代词whom。
2.which/that 考查限制性定语从句。句意:你将主要学习深受中国人喜爱的中餐。分析句子可知,此处为限制性定语从句,先行词为Chinese food,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which或that。
3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他接到电话后立刻赶到了医院,医院挨着他的大学。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the hospital,指物,应填which。
4.whose 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我们帮不了琳达,她的情况我们无法控制。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,代替先行词Linda,并在从句中作定语,修饰名词circumstances,所以应填关系代词whose。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这些是要复习的课本,都是为即将到来的考试准备的。“all of+设空处”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the texts,指物,应填which。
Ⅵ.1.①four times faster than ②four times as fast as
2.It is important that 3.in which
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词species,其前有all修饰,故填that。
2.have been 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last 500 million years和语境可知此处应用现在完成时,又因主语是five times,所以谓语动词用复数形式,故填have been。
3.including 考查介词。分析句子可知此处应用including,补充说明five times。
4.reasons 考查名词复数。设空处作主语,根据空后的are可知本空用复数形式。
5.varied/various 考查形容词。空前有are,本空作表语,表示“多种多样的”,故填varied或various。
6.to blame 考查固定用法。be to blame意为“负有责任”。
7.faster 考查比较级。空后有than normal,因此本空应用比较级。
8.It 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,that引导主语从句,因此本空是形式主语,故填It。
9.occurs 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时,且主语是单数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式。
10.dying 考查动名词。空前是介词of,因此此处用动名词形式作宾语。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了10月31日到11月13日在苏格兰格拉斯哥召开的联合国缔约方大会。会议上,各国领导人就解决气候变化问题达成共识,并承诺减少甲烷排放量。
1.to 考查介词。from...to...是固定搭配,意为“从……到……”。故填to。
2.leaders 考查名词复数。根据句意和bring...together可知,世界各国领导人齐聚一堂,各国领导人是复数概念。故填leaders。
3.how 考查疑问副词。根据句意可知,应填入疑问副词how构成“疑问词+不定式”结构,how to limit...作宾语,意为“如何限制……”。故填how。
4.higher 考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知,句中“Any 4 (high)”相当于一个省略的条件状语从句,是“the world will see a sharp increase in 5 (nature) disasters”的前提条件,该条件状语从句想表达的是“如果气温再高一些”,有比较的含义,用形容词比较级形式。故填higher。
5.natural 考查形容词。修饰名词disasters,用形容词natural,意为“自然的”。故填natural。
6.agreed 考查动词时态。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作谓语动词,与主语more than 100 countries之间是主动关系,讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时态。故填agreed。
7.to stop 考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth.意为“承诺做某事”。故填to stop。
8.needs 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处是宾语从句的谓语动词,与主语it之间是主动关系,描述一般情况,应用一般现在时态,又因主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填needs。
9.praising 考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”。故填praising。
10.the 考查冠词。名词world是世界上独一无二的事物,应用定冠词the限定。故填the。
【高频词汇】 1.gather v.聚集;收集 2.solve v.解决 3.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 4.global adj.全球的
5.agreement n.协定;意见一致;同意
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。过去的7月份气温再创新高,人们愈发依赖空调带来的清凉,但能耗随之剧增,进而加剧气候变化。如何打破这种恶性循环,需通盘考量。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history.”并结合下文可推断,作者在此处提及高温天气是为了引出文章的话题。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit.”可知,Transaera公司开发的系统可能比普通标准空调机组少消耗35%的能源,由此可知,研发的制冷系统低耗节能。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“‘It won't work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,’ says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford.”可推知,Nicole Miranda并不赞同仅通过空调设备的更新迭代来消除空调的影响。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Sneha Sachar先提出冷却是一个涉及很多方面的挑战,没有一个策略,也没有一个答案,接着说需要一个结合体,包括更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术和更好地理解空调的真正代价不仅仅是电费。 由此可推知,Sneha Sachar认为要解决制冷问题,需综合考虑多方面因素。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.impact n.影响 v.有影响 2.efficiency n.效率,效能,功效 3.strategy n.策略 4.critical adj.极其重要的,关键的;批评的 5.take advantage of利用 6.aspect n.方面,层面 7.combination n.结合体,联合体
8.extend v.包括;延伸
【熟词生义】 1.cool v.(使)变凉,冷却 2.employ v.应用
3.address v.解决 4.lower v.降低
【差距词汇】 1.discomfort n.不舒服,不适;不安,尴尬
2.necessity n.必需的事物,必需品 3.mechanism n.机械装置
长难句
原句 We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.
分析 本句是主从复合句。that引导同位语从句,解释说明understanding的内容。
译文 我们需要一个结合体,包括更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术和更好地理解空调的真正代价不仅仅是电费。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚政府评估了大堡礁的水质状况。报告显示,大堡礁的污染已经有所减少,但是其水质尚未达到环境指标。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Coral provides a home for a number of sea creatures, such as fish and sea snakes.”可知,珊瑚为许多海洋生物提供栖息之地。故选D。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It claimed that chemicals and pollution have decreased to some extent, but not enough to reach environmental targets. It's clear that previous attempts to protect the Great Barrier Reef are failing.”可知,澳大利亚政府的报告显示,尽管污染有所减少,但是大堡礁的水质尚未达到环境指标。很显然,先前保护大堡礁的努力是失败的。由此可推测,大堡礁需要得到进一步的保护。故选D。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中史蒂夫·迈尔斯说的话“What is most disturbing is that the results are actually far from the goals...I would be a bit disappointed.”可知,尽管政府投入了大量资金保护大堡礁,但是取得的成绩离目标尚远,而且去年几乎没有取得任何进展,这令他有些失望。因此,史蒂夫·迈尔斯认为对大堡礁的保护的结果并不令人十分满意。故选B。
8.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲了澳大利亚政府对大堡礁的水质状况进行了评估,这一评估报告显示,大堡礁的污染已经有所减少,但是其水质尚未达到环境指标。所以C项“大堡礁受到污染”符合文意。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.creature n.生物;动物 2.release v.发布
3.assess v.评估;评定 4.target n.目标;指标
【差距词汇】 1.flatline v.处于低潮;没有起色
2.plantation n.种植园
长难句
原句 A new report released by the government in Australia shows ocean sediment and chemicals can weaken the coral, hurting its ability to feed and develop.
分析 本句是主从复合句。shows后是省略了引导词的宾语从句;hurting its ability to feed and develop为现在分词短语作状语。
译文 澳大利亚政府发布的一份新报告显示,海洋沉积物和化学物质会削弱珊瑚,损害其进食和发育的能力。
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