中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
(
知识目录
)单元小结
学习目标：能通过听力获取庭院出售、旧物整理和介绍家乡关键 信息。分析和梳理旧物与家乡的话题语篇，运用所学语言与他人进行日常交流；
语法目标：继续学习现在完成时态。Since 和for 的用法。
听说目标：能通过谈论拥有的物品和周围的事物，正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态；
写作目标：最喜欢的旧物/家乡的变化
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 how long; how often; how soon的用法 练习
要点2 clear的用法 练习
要点3 part的用法 练习
要点4 certain的用法 练习
要点5 as for用法 练习
要点6 honest用法 练习
要点7 while的用法 练习
要点8 own的用法 练习
要点9 around的用法 练习
要点10 search的用法 练习
要点11 among的用法 练习
要点12 shame的用法 练习
要点13 regard的用法 练习
要点14 consider的用法 练习
要点15 count的用法 练习
要点16 according to的用法 练习
要点17 opposite的用法 练习
要点18 especially的多种及用法 练习
要点19 hold的用法 练习
要点20 as的用法 练习
要点21 重点短语 练习
要点22重点句式 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 现在完成时态。For和since的用法 17
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 20
要点2 词汇短语积累 21
要点3句式积累 22
要点4实战演练 22
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知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点 1.
【辨析】how long; how often; how soon
how long
1. 表示多长时间，与延续性动词连用,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。常用“for+一段时间”和“since+时间点” 回答.
A：How long does it take to get to London from here 从这里到伦敦要多长时间
B：At least ten hours. 至少要10个小时。
2. 表示某东西有多长。
A：How long is the river 这条河有多长？
B：About 500 km. 大约500千米。
how often
how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率，即问某人在一段时间内做某事做了几次,对频度副词或状语(always，usually， often， never或twice a day, once a week, ,three times a month 等)提问。
【注】用英语表示多少次，除了一次（once）和两次(twice)外, 其他都用基数词+times来表示，三次 “three times”,五次 “five times”。
A：How often does he come here 他(每隔)多久来一次
B：Once a month. 每月一次。
how soon
how soon 指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如：in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。
A：How soon will he be back 他要多久才回来
B：In an hour. 1 小时以后
【典例分析】
1. ---______________ is the playground
---It’s about 7,000 square meters.
A. How long B. How large C. How far D. How much
2. ---_______________ do you brush your teeth
---Twice or more a day.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
3.-___________ have you worked here
-For just one month.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How much
4. —______ did you sleep last night
—Only five hours. I stayed up late to do my homework.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much
5. — ________ do you stay at home at weekends
— Ten hours.
A. How often B. What time C. How long D. When
要点2 clear
clear vt. 清理, 清除 adj. 清楚的；明显的
Please help me clear the rubbish.
请帮我清理一下垃圾。
It was clear from his letter that he was not interested.
从他的信中可以明显看出他不感兴趣。
clear out 清理；丢掉
The shelf in your room is old and useless. Clear it out.
你房间里的架子旧了，而且没什么用。把它丢掉吧。
【典例分析】
1. 我需要清理一下壁橱了。
I need to ______ ______my closet.
2. —Did you find the way to the new library
—Sure. Mr. White gave me very ______________ directions.
A. clear B. private C. creative D. common
3. His room is in a mess. He should _______ some of junks.
A. clear out B. check out C. find out D. cut out
要点 3.
part ① vi. 离开；分开
I hate being parted from my friends.
我不愿和朋友们分开。
Please read this before parting with your money.
请先读一下这个再交钱。
part from… 与…分开
part with 放弃，交出 ( 尤指不舍得的东西 )
part ② n. 部分
We should take an active part in protecting wild animals.
我们应该积极参与保护野生动物。
Parents play an important part in children’s education.
父母在孩子的教育里起着重要作用。
take (an active) part in (积极)参加
play a part/ role in… 在…扮演角色；在…中起作用
part of… 部分…
【典例分析】
1. 我不想放弃我的旧自行车。
I don't want to _____ _____ my old bike.
2. Frank doesn’t want to _____________ any of the old things in his room, although he hasn’t used them anymore.
A. clear out B. check out C. part with D. search for
要点4 certain
1）adj. 某种；某事；某人（作定语放名词前）
A certain Mr. Brown phoned while you were out.
你出去的时候，有一位叫布朗的先生来过电话。
There are certain things I just can’t discuss with my mother.
有些事情就是没法和我母亲讨论。
2）adj. 肯定的；无疑的（作表语放系动词后）
He is certain to succeed. 他一定会成功。
He is certain of success. 他有把握成功。
I am certain that he will succeed. 我肯定他会成功。
be certain to do 一定会做某事
be certain of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain + that 从句 肯定…
certainly = sure = of course 当然
—Can I open the door
—Certainly.
【典例分析】
1. Tom is certain the match.
A. win B. to win C. winning D. wins
2.Wang Tao is ______ to win the tennis match because he's really good at it.
A. clever B. certain C. awful D. proud
3.她确信她能通过考试。
She__________ _________ _________she can pass the exam.
要点 5.
as for 至于；关于（用来开始谈论某人或事，表话题转变）
As for the man, I know nothing about him.
至于那个人，我对他一无所知。
I like playing the guitar, but as for the piano, I’m not very interested.
我喜欢弹吉他，但至于钢琴，我并不很感兴趣。
【典例分析】
1. 他喜欢踢足球。至于篮球，他一点儿也不喜欢。
He likes playing football. ______ ______ basketball, he doesn't like it at all.
2 You can go where you want to go. ________ the cost, you don’t need to worry about it.
A. Such as B. As soon as C. For example D. As for
要点6
honest adj. 诚实的；老实的
truthful adj. 诚实的；真实的
an honest person / boy / face
一个诚实的人/ 男孩/ 一张真诚的面孔
to be honest = honestly = to tell the truth = to be frank
说实在的（在句中作插入语，用逗号与其他成分隔开）
To be honest/Honestly, I don't know what to do next.
说实在的，我不知道接下来该做什么。
To be honest/To tell the truth, I don’t like your new dress at all.
说实在的，我一点儿也不喜欢你的新连衣裙。
【典例分析】
1. 说实在的，我不喜欢这件毛衣。
_____ _____ ________, I don't like the sweater.
2. Don’t cheat Linda, Kate. Friends should be _________ with each other.
A. careful B. helpful C. friendly D. truthful
3.___________, volunteering is both a chance to help others and a good way to develop ourselves. So you'd better make time to volunteer.
A. To my surprise B. To be honest C. To start with D. In fact
要点 7.
while n[C]. 一段时间；一会儿
一般用其单数形式，其前通常加不定冠词a
The postman came a short while ago.
邮递员刚刚来过。
I haven't seen her for a long while.
我好久没有看见她了。
for a while 一会儿
while conj. ①当…时，与…同时；② 但是，而=but
Her parents passed away when she was still at school.
她还在读书时父母就去世了。
You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.
我吃午饭时你可以去游泳。
Tom is very good at English while his deskmate is hopeless.
汤姆很擅长英语，而他的同桌不可救药。
要点8 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
7. — What did Mr. Smith have
— He used to _____________ a big company and a large piece of land.
A. count B. search C. own D. hide
要点 9. around
1)作地点副词，表示“在附近；在某处”。还可意为“大约，左右”
I told you. He’s not around.
There are around one hundred students here.
(2)作介词，意为“在……附近；围绕；到处”等。
There is a new movie theater open around the corner.
The discussion centered around four subjects.
要点10
search v. 搜索；搜查
I search among the rocks, but there was nothing.
我在岩石间搜寻，但那里什么也没有。
You can search for information on the Internet.
= You can search the Internet for information.
你可以通过网络搜寻信息。
search(...)for... 搜(…)寻…
search 接人时，指搜某人的身； 接地点时，指搜查寻处 The policeman searched the thief but found nothing. 那个警察搜了那个小偷的身，但什么都没发现。
search for 后直接跟要寻找的人或事物 They are searching for the missing dog. 他们在寻找那条丢失的狗。
search...for... 为了找…而搜查… Mary is searching her bag for her keys. 玛丽正在包里找她的钥匙。
in search of… 为了寻找…
I walked into a bookstore in search of some books that I wanted.
我走进一家书店寻找几本我想要的书。
【典例分析】
1. Sally s________ the box for her missing letter, but she didn’t find it.
2.警察在那一地带查找线索。
Police ________ ________ clues in the area.
3. Sally ________________ the box for her missing letter, but she didn't find it.
A. searched B. regarded C. offered D. provided
要点 11.
among prep. 在(其)中；…之一
between是一个介词，常和and连用，构成短语between…and…，表示“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。
between和among 的区别
between指在两者之间。 among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
例如：between the post office and the market
【典例分析】
1.A book is _______ a pen _______ a computer.
A. in; and B. between; and C. in; or D. between; or
2.He is the tallest _________the students in our class.
A. among B. between C. in
3. —What do you think of the book
—In my opinion, it is the most popular one ______________ the three books.
A. among B. opposite C. from D. between
要点12
shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧.
表抽象的“羞耻；耻辱”时为n[U].
表具体的“可耻的人、事或物”时为n[C].
She covered her face with her hands in shame. 她羞愧地用手遮住了脸。
He is a shame to us. 他是我们引以为耻的人。
to one's shame 令某人感到羞愧地
in / with shame 羞愧地
a sense of shame 羞耻感
What a shame！/ It is a shame. 多遗憾！/ 真可惜。
To my shame, I left him alone at home.
让我感到羞愧的是，我把他一个人留在了家里。
【典例分析】
1. —Time past can’t be called back again.
—Yes. Wasting time is a __________________.
A. pressure B. fairness C. choice D. shame
2. —I haven’t been back to my hometown for years.
—______________________! Your parents must miss you very much.
A. Of course B. No problem C. What a shame D. Thank you
要点 13.
regard v. 将…认为；把…视为；看待
regard...as... 把…视为…
I regard him as a friend of mine.
我把他视为我的一个朋友。
as regards… 关于, 至于 = as for…
As regards him, he is a clever but lazy boy.
至于他,他是一个聪明但懒惰的男孩儿。
regards n. 致意，问候
Give your brother my regards when you see him.
看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。
give sb. regards 问候某人
【典例分析】
1. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。
We ________ him ________ our brother.
2. —Who is your chemistry teacher
—Miss Zhao. She is so friendly to us that we all ________ her as our elder sister.
A. remind B. regard C. allow D. compare
要点14
consider v. ① 注视 ② 仔细考虑 (= think about)
③ 认为 (= think of)
They stood there, considering the painting.
他们站在那里，凝视着那副画。
consider (doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事
He is considering going to see her. 他正在考虑去见她。
翻译：为什么不考虑举办个庭院拍卖会呢？
Why not consider having a yard sale
consider...(as).../consider...(to be)... 把…视为… / 认为…是…
We considered it (as) part of her work.
我们认为这是她工作的一部分。
She considers him (to be) a good teacher.
她认为他是一位好老师。
consider + that 从句 认为… (= think + that从句)
He considers that having money is a little bit important.
他认为有钱并不怎么重要。
considerate adj. 体贴的；深思熟虑的
considerable adj. 相当多的；相当大的
【典例分析】
1. — I don’t know where to go this summer vacation.
— Why not ________ visiting Qingdao You can enjoy the beaches there.
A. mind B. finish C. consider D. practice
2. —I was late again and the boss got quite angry.
—__________ yourself lucky that you weren’t fired.
A. Compare B. Introduce C. Consider D. Depend
要点 15.
count v. 数数；计算；重要 (= matter)
The 3-year-old boy can count from 1 to 100.
这个3岁的小男孩可以从1数到100。
She is counting the calories since she’s on a diet.
她在计算卡路里，因为她在节食减肥。
Every point in the game counts / matters.
这场比赛的每一分都很重要。
countless adj. 数不清的；无数的 = numerous
【典例分析】
2. — Can your little brother ___________ from 1 to 100
— Yes. He began to learn to say the simple numbers at the age of one.
A. count B. hear C. guess D. spread
2. In England we have saying: It's the thought that __________.
A. minds B. counts C. needs D. sounds
要点16
according to 依据；按照
according to sb. = in one’s opinion 在某人看来
According to George, she's a really good teacher.
按照乔治的说法，她是一位真正的好老师。
【典例分析】
1.他们俩都依章行事。
They both played the game ________ _________ the rules.
2. ______ the school rules, everyone should attend school on time.
A. According to B. Close to C. Next to D. In front of
要点 17. opposite
1) prep. 与…相对；在…对面 = across from常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。
The bank is opposite the bus stop.
银行在公交车站的对面。
2) adj. 对面的，另一边的
We live on the opposite side of the road.
我们住在马路对面。
be opposite to 和…相对
Her house is opposite to mine.
她的房子与我的房子相对。
3) adv. 在对面
There's an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
4) n. 对立面；反义词 (常与介词of一起使用)
“Tall” is the opposite of “short” “高”是“矮”的反义词。
【典例分析】
1. Mum came in and sat ________ him. He saw the happiness on her face clearly.
A. between B. opposite C. behind D. outside
2. —Where is the bus stop
—It’s ______ the police station.
A. opposite B. opposite of C. opposite with D. against to
要点18
especially adv. 尤其；特别；格外 用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性
I love to travel to Italy, especially in summer.
我喜欢去意大利旅行，尤其是在夏天。
especial adj. 特别的；特殊的
【典例分析】
1. There are smiles everywhere, ______________ on the faces of children.
A. nearly B. especially C. finally D. luckily
2. —As we know, it’s very difficult to live in a foreign country like the UK, the US and so on.
—I agree. _____________ if you don't understand the local language.
A. Especially B. Generally C. Naturally D. Exactly
3. Making dumplings is an important activity for many families on New Year’s Eve, ________ in Northern China.
A. suddenly B. especially C. heavily D. differently
要点 19.
hold v. 拥有；抓住；抱住；使保持；容纳；举行 (hold - held - held)
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
这架飞机可以容纳大约300名乘客。
He holds a different view on education.
他对教育有着不同的看法。
I held the mouse by its tails.
我抓着耗子尾巴倒提起来。
hold a view (on…) (对…)持有观点
The meeting will be held in the city center.
会议将在市中心举行。
The lover held each other close.
这对恋人紧紧相拥。
Hold your breath and hold your head up.
屏住呼吸然后抬起头来。
hold the breath 屏住呼吸
hold the head up 抬起头
【典例分析】
1. The Olympic Games _____every four years.
A. are held B. were hold C. are holding D. will hold
2、翻译，指出下面Hold在各句的意义。
1）He was holding the baby in his arms.
2）We hold a sports meeting twice a year in our school.
3）Hold your head up.
4）I don't think the chair can hold your weight.
5）The plane holds about 300 passengers.
3. 老师叫他抬起头来。
The teacher asked him to ________ his head ________ .
4.明天将要举行一场运动会。
A sports meeting will___________ ___________ tomorrow.
要点20
as. . . as和某物/某人一样……
I haven’t read anything as good as that for a long time! 我好长时间没有读过那么好的东西了!
The young man is as strong as a horse. 那个年轻人健如骏马。
注意：as. . . as意为“和某物/某人一样……”, 表示同级比较。其基本结构: as +形容词或副词的原级+ as。
【归纳拓展】 as. . . as结构用法小结
as. . . as的否定结构为: not as/so. . . as意为“不如某物/某人……”。
例如: Jack doesn’t run as/so fast as Nick. 杰克没有尼克跑得快。
as. . . as还可用在某些固定结构中:
as. . . as possible/sb. can 尽可能……
as long as 只要
as far as 至于……; 就……来说
as soon as 一……就
【典例分析】
1. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
2. As soon as the rain ______, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
4.只要努力了，你就会成功！
_________ ________ _______ you work hard, you will succeed!
5.他一看到我，就向我问好。
_________ __________ ______he saw me, he said hello to me.
6.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。
In order to study English well, you should remember English words ________ _________ _______ _________.
7.她英语说得和你一样好。
She speaks English _________ ________ ________.
【重点词组】
1. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
2. bring back sweet memories 带来甜美的回忆
3. a couple of months 几个月
4.check out 察看；观察
5.in junior high school在初级中学
6. clear out清理；丢掉
7.no longer不再（侧重时间）
8.part with 放弃；交出
9. as for至于
10.to be honest 说实在的
11.for a while一会
12.do with处理；对待
13. one last thing 最后一件事情
14. search for搜寻
15.regard with great interest 带着浓厚的兴趣关注着
16. stay the same 保持原样
17.according to 根据
18. opposite the school 在学校对面
19.close to three years大约3年
20. in order to为了
21. as long as I can remember 从我记事起
【重点句式】
1. How long have you had that bike over there 你拥有那边那辆自行车多长时间了？
2. I’ve had it for three years= I’ve had it since three years ago.
我已拥有它3年了/自从3年以前我就拥有它了。
3. As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller.
随着他们的长大，我们的房子看起来变小了。
4. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.
我们已经决定，每一笑交易卖5样我们不再用的东西。
5. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.许多象钟伟一样的人都带着极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡已经发生了怎样的变化。
6. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
艾米想留着她的旧东西，因为它们勾起甜美的回忆。
7. You can also give old things away to people in need.
你也可以把旧东西捐赠给急需的人们。 (
知识要点二：语法
)
含有since和for的现在完成时态
since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”，for“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度
考点1 since和for是现在完成时的重要标志
考点2 since和for的用法
（1）since的用法
since+过去的时间点。如：年、月、日、几点等
since 1990 自从1990年起
since 5 o’clock 自从五点起
since+ 时间段+ ago
since 3 months ago 自从三个月以前
since+ 一般过去时的从句
since you left home 自从你离开家以后
（2）since的一个固定句式“It is＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的从句”。
It is five years since I came here. 我来这儿5年了。
（3）for的用法：for＋时间段
（4）在现在完成时当中，若对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用how long来提问。
（5）since和for的句式转换：
since＋时间段＋ago＝for＋时间段
They haven't changed since twenty years ago.＝They haven't changed for twenty years.
他们已经二十年没有改变了。
考点3 延续性动词、短暂性动词与since, for
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
(1) 若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。
(2) 短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词
①直接换成延续性动词
buy买→have有 borrow借→keep保留 put on穿上→wear穿着come/go/become来/去/变成→be在/是
②转换成be＋名词
join the army参军→be a soldier当兵 join the Party 入党→be a
Party member成为一名党员 go to school去上学→be a student成为一名学生
③转换成be＋形容词/副词
die死亡→be dead死了 finish结束→be over结束
begin开始→be on 在上映/已开始 leave离开→be away远离的
all asleep入睡→be asleep睡着的 close关闭→be closed关着的
④转换成be＋介词短语
go to school去上学→be in school在上学 join the army参军→be in the army在军队中
考点4 现在完成时和一般过去时的转换
由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子可与由非延续性动词构成的句子相互转换。
I have kept the book for five days.＝I borrowed the book five days ago.我五天前借的这本书。
Ⅰ. 用for或since将下列句子改为同义句
1. Helen left two hour ago.
Helen has been away ________ ________ ________.
2. Jack has a toy car and he got it on his twelfth birthday.
Jack has owned the toy car _______ ________ ________ ________.
3. She arrived there at four o’clock and she is still there.
She has been there _________ ________ _________.
4. Paul didn’t phone me after he went to Berlin.
Paul hasn’t phoned me _______ _______ ______ ________ Berlin.
5. Tom’s grandpa died ten years ago.
Tom’s grandpa has been dead ________ ________ ________.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 自从去年冬天，我就没有收到过她的信。
I haven’t heard from her ___________ _________ _________.
2. 我们已经在这里等了半个小时了。
We’ve already waited here ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 他们在这个城市生活了十五年了。
They’ve lived in this city ________ _______ ________.
4. 自从这周二开始，他就一直没去学校上学。
He hasn’t gone to school _______ _______ Tuesday.
5. 这个孩子生病住院五天了。
The child has been ill in hospital ________ _________ _________.
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元主要围绕“生活环境"这一话题，常有两个考查角度：
（1）
谈论私人物品的来历、持有的时间及喜欢的原因等;
体裁以记叙文为主，多使用第一人称，
能用现在完成时介绍某人拥有的物品，并分享其背后的特殊意义。能用现在完成时“have done”的结构来介绍某人拥有的物品；能在现在完成时中准确区分和使用since和for
“三步法”介绍最喜欢的物品的文章：
◆第一步：基本介绍（what /who/ how long）；
◆第二步：谈论喜欢的原因(Why)；
◆第三步：写出有关美好的记忆。
（2）
谈论家乡近年来的发展和变化。
时态以现在完成时和一般现在时为主。
“三步法”介绍某地变化的文章：
◆第一步：整体介绍；
◆第二步：写出变化；
◆第三步：总结。
【词汇积累】
1. be fond of 喜欢
2. fall in love with 爱上
3.sth. remind sb. of 某物使某人想起
4.sweet memories 美好的回忆
5.bring back 带回
6. a happy childhood 幸福的童年
7.be special to sb. 对某人来说是特殊的
8.after a while 一段时间之后
9.thanks to 幸亏
10.from then on 从那以后
【句型积累】
1. My favorite thing(from childhood) is ...
2.I’ve had it for / since... 我拥有它已经....
3.I like ... so much because ... 我太喜欢....了因为...
4.It's special to me because ...
5....has given me many memories...
6.I remember when...
【实战演练】
A
你孩童时代最喜欢并且保留的东西是什么呢？请你根据下面的图表信息写一篇英语短文，介绍一下吧。提示：
1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，要求条理清楚、行文连贯； 2. 词数不少于80。
Your favorite thing from childhood which you still have How long have you had it
How did you get it
Why do you like it so much
Can you say something more about it
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B
你的家乡在这些年里日新月异，请运用对比手法，以“Great changes in my hometown”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，描绘你家乡的变化。请参考表格内容：
环境 交通 通讯
过去 房屋老旧；河流不干净；很少看到蓝天 道路狭窄；步行或骑自行车 联系困难
现在 高楼；空气新鲜；碧水蓝天；污染减少 火车站、飞机场投入使用；乘公交车或火车 联系方便：电话；微信；QQ
将来 你对家乡未来的畅想（至少一句）
Great changes in my hometown
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
(
知识目录
)单元小结
学习目标：能通过听力获取庭院出售、旧物整理和介绍家乡关键 信息。分析和梳理旧物与家乡的话题语篇，运用所学语言与他人进行日常交流；
语法目标：继续学习现在完成时态。Since 和for 的用法。
听说目标：能通过谈论拥有的物品和周围的事物，正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态；
写作目标：最喜欢的旧物/家乡的变化
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 how long; how often; how soon的用法 练习
要点2 clear的用法 练习
要点3 part的用法 练习
要点4 certain的用法 练习
要点5 as for用法 练习
要点6 honest用法 练习
要点7 while的用法 练习
要点8 own的用法 练习
要点9 around的用法 练习
要点10 search的用法 练习
要点11 among的用法 练习
要点12 shame的用法 练习
要点13 regard的用法 练习
要点14 consider的用法 练习
要点15 count的用法 练习
要点16 according to的用法 练习
要点17 opposite的用法 练习
要点18 especially的多种及用法 练习
要点19 hold的用法 练习
要点20 as的用法 练习
要点21 重点短语 练习
要点22重点句式 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 现在完成时态。For和since的用法 23
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 24
要点2 词汇短语积累 25
要点3句式积累 26
要点4实战演练 27
(
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
)
【精讲精练】
要点 1.
【辨析】how long; how often; how soon
how long
1. 表示多长时间，与延续性动词连用,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。常用“for+一段时间”和“since+时间点” 回答.
A：How long does it take to get to London from here 从这里到伦敦要多长时间
B：At least ten hours. 至少要10个小时。
2. 表示某东西有多长。
A：How long is the river 这条河有多长？
B：About 500 km. 大约500千米。
how often
how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率，即问某人在一段时间内做某事做了几次,对频度副词或状语(always，usually， often， never或twice a day, once a week, ,three times a month 等)提问。
【注】用英语表示多少次，除了一次（once）和两次(twice)外, 其他都用基数词+times来表示，三次 “three times”,五次 “five times”。
A：How often does he come here 他(每隔)多久来一次
B：Once a month. 每月一次。
how soon
how soon 指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如：in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。
A：How soon will he be back 他要多久才回来
B：In an hour. 1 小时以后
【典例分析】
1. ---______________ is the playground
---It’s about 7,000 square meters.
A. How long B. How large C. How far D. How much
【答案】B句意：---这个操场又多大？---它是大约7000平方米。考查易混疑问副词辨析。根据how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）;How large意为多大（提问面积）；how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）；How much意为多少（提问不可数名词数量）；再跟句中的7000 square meters，判断为面积。故选B。
2. ---_______________ do you brush your teeth
---Twice or more a day.
A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
【答案】D句意：---你多长时间刷一次牙齿？---一天两次或更多。考查易混疑问副词辨析。根据how long：意为（多长时间，指自始至终时间），询问（for/since引导的时间段）；how soon：意为（多久，指从现在起之后），询问（in +时间段表示现在起之后时间）；how often：意为（多长时间一次；多久一次），询问（动作发生的频率）；how far：意为（多远距离），询问（距离、路程）；再根据twice or more a day为频率。故选D。
3.-___________ have you worked here
-For just one month.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How much
【答案】B句意“-你在这里工作了多长时间了？-仅仅1个月”。A.多久一次（问频率）；B.多长（问时间长短和长度）；C.多久（后接一般将来时，且用in+一段时间回答）；D.多少（问数量，后接不可数名词）。根据For just one month“仅仅一个月”可知，问时间长短，用how long，故选B。
4. —______ did you sleep last night
—Only five hours. I stayed up late to do my homework.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much
【答案】C
【解析】
词义辨析。how long 指时间或长度，意为“多长”； how soon 指时间“多久，多快”，常用于将来时；how often 指频率，“多久一次”；how much 指金钱“多少”。根据答语应为“多长”。
5. — ________ do you stay at home at weekends
— Ten hours.
A. How often B. What time C. How long D. When
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——周末你在家里待多长时间？——十个小时。
考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次；What time几点；How long多久；When何时。根据“Ten hours”可知，对时间段提问用疑问词how long，故选C。
要点2 clear
clear vt. 清理, 清除 adj. 清楚的；明显的
Please help me clear the rubbish.
请帮我清理一下垃圾。
It was clear from his letter that he was not interested.
从他的信中可以明显看出他不感兴趣。
clear out 清理；丢掉
The shelf in your room is old and useless. Clear it out.
你房间里的架子旧了，而且没什么用。把它丢掉吧。
【典例分析】
1. 我需要清理一下壁橱了。
I need to ______ ______my closet.
【答案】clear out
2. —Did you find the way to the new library
—Sure. Mr. White gave me very ______________ directions.
A. clear B. private C. creative D. common
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你找到通往新图书馆的路了吗？——当然。怀特先生给了我很多明确的指导。A清晰的；B私人的；C有创意的；D普通的。根据答句可知，已经找到了路，是因为怀特先生提供了“清晰的、清楚的”方向。故选A。
3. His room is in a mess. He should _______ some of junks.
A. clear out B. check out C. find out D. cut out
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他的房间一团糟。他应该把一些垃圾清理掉。
考查动词短语。clear out清理；check out结账离开；find out发现；cut out切出，剪下。根据“some of junks”可知，垃圾应该清理掉。故选A。
要点 3.
part ① vi. 离开；分开
I hate being parted from my friends.
我不愿和朋友们分开。
Please read this before parting with your money.
请先读一下这个再交钱。
part from… 与…分开
part with 放弃，交出 ( 尤指不舍得的东西 )
part ② n. 部分
We should take an active part in protecting wild animals.
我们应该积极参与保护野生动物。
Parents play an important part in children’s education.
父母在孩子的教育里起着重要作用。
take (an active) part in (积极)参加
play a part/ role in… 在…扮演角色；在…中起作用
part of… 部分…
【典例分析】
1. 我不想放弃我的旧自行车。
I don't want to _____ _____ my old bike.
【答案】part with
2. Frank doesn’t want to _____________ any of the old things in his room, although he hasn’t used them anymore.
A. clear out B. check out C. part with D. search for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：弗兰克不想舍弃他房间里的旧东西，尽管他已经不再用它们了。clear out清理；check out检查；part with舍弃，放弃；search for搜寻。根据although he hasn’t used them anymore.可知，此处表示“虽不再使用这些旧东西，但是仍然不想舍弃；part with意为：舍弃，放弃，故选C。
要点4 certain
1）adj. 某种；某事；某人（作定语放名词前）
A certain Mr. Brown phoned while you were out.
你出去的时候，有一位叫布朗的先生来过电话。
There are certain things I just can’t discuss with my mother.
有些事情就是没法和我母亲讨论。
2）adj. 肯定的；无疑的（作表语放系动词后）
He is certain to succeed. 他一定会成功。
He is certain of success. 他有把握成功。
I am certain that he will succeed. 我肯定他会成功。
be certain to do 一定会做某事
be certain of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain + that 从句 肯定…
certainly = sure = of course 当然
—Can I open the door
—Certainly.
【典例分析】
1. Tom is certain the match.
A. win B. to win C. winning D. wins
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Tom确定能赢得比赛。be certain to do sth. 确定做某事。故选B。
2.Wang Tao is ______ to win the tennis match because he's really good at it.
A. clever B. certain C. awful D. proud
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：王涛肯定会赢得网球比赛因为他很擅长它。A聪明的，B确定的，C可怕的，D骄傲的。故选B。
3.她确信她能通过考试。
She__________ _________ _________she can pass the exam.
【答案】She is sure /certain
要点 5.
as for 至于；关于（用来开始谈论某人或事，表话题转变）
As for the man, I know nothing about him.
至于那个人，我对他一无所知。
I like playing the guitar, but as for the piano, I’m not very interested.
我喜欢弹吉他，但至于钢琴，我并不很感兴趣。
【典例分析】
1. 他喜欢踢足球。至于篮球，他一点儿也不喜欢。
He likes playing football. ______ ______ basketball, he doesn't like it at all.
【答案】As for
2 You can go where you want to go. ________ the cost, you don’t need to worry about it.
A. Such as B. As soon as C. For example D. As for
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你可以去你想去的地方。至于费用，你不需要担心。
考查短语辨析。such as例如；as soon as一……就……；for example例如；as for至于。根据“...the cost, you don’t need to worry about it.”可知，此处指至于费用，你不需要担心。故选D。
要点6
honest adj. 诚实的；老实的
truthful adj. 诚实的；真实的
an honest person / boy / face
一个诚实的人/ 男孩/ 一张真诚的面孔
to be honest = honestly = to tell the truth = to be frank
说实在的（在句中作插入语，用逗号与其他成分隔开）
To be honest/Honestly, I don't know what to do next.
说实在的，我不知道接下来该做什么。
To be honest/To tell the truth, I don’t like your new dress at all.
说实在的，我一点儿也不喜欢你的新连衣裙。
【典例分析】
1. 说实在的，我不喜欢这件毛衣。
_____ _____ ________, I don't like the sweater.
2. Don’t cheat Linda, Kate. Friends should be _________ with each other.
A. careful B. helpful C. friendly D. truthful
【答案】D
【解析】句意：别欺骗琳达，凯特。朋友之间应该坦诚相待。
考查形容词辨析。careful认真的；helpful有帮助的；friendly友好的；truthful诚实的。根据“Don’t cheat Linda, Kate.”可知朋友之间要诚实相处，故选D。
3.___________, volunteering is both a chance to help others and a good way to develop ourselves. So you'd better make time to volunteer.
A. To my surprise B. To be honest C. To start with D. In fact
【答案】B
【解析】A. To my surprise意思是令我惊讶的是，B. To be honest意思是坦白说，C. To start with意思是首先，根据题意可知坦白说，做志愿既是一种帮助他人的机会，又是自我发展的一种好方式，所以你最好腾出时间做志愿，故答案为B。
要点 7.
while n[C]. 一段时间；一会儿
一般用其单数形式，其前通常加不定冠词a
The postman came a short while ago.
邮递员刚刚来过。
I haven't seen her for a long while.
我好久没有看见她了。
for a while 一会儿
while conj. ①当…时，与…同时；② 但是，而=but
Her parents passed away when she was still at school.
她还在读书时父母就去世了。
You can go swimming while I’m having lunch.
我吃午饭时你可以去游泳。
Tom is very good at English while his deskmate is hopeless.
汤姆很擅长英语，而他的同桌不可救药。
要点8 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
【答案】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
7. — What did Mr. Smith have
— He used to _____________ a big company and a large piece of land.
A. count B. search C. own D. hide
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——史密斯先生有些什么 ——他曾拥有一家大公司和一大片土地。A. count计算；B. search 搜寻；C. own 拥有；D. hide 隐藏。根据句意可知，own符合语境，故选择C。
要点 9. around
1)作地点副词，表示“在附近；在某处”。还可意为“大约，左右”
I told you. He’s not around.
There are around one hundred students here.
(2)作介词，意为“在……附近；围绕；到处”等。
There is a new movie theater open around the corner.
The discussion centered around four subjects.
【典例分析】
要点10
search v. 搜索；搜查
I search among the rocks, but there was nothing.
我在岩石间搜寻，但那里什么也没有。
You can search for information on the Internet.
= You can search the Internet for information.
你可以通过网络搜寻信息。
search(...)for... 搜(…)寻…
search 接人时，指搜某人的身； 接地点时，指搜查寻处 The policeman searched the thief but found nothing. 那个警察搜了那个小偷的身，但什么都没发现。
search for 后直接跟要寻找的人或事物 They are searching for the missing dog. 他们在寻找那条丢失的狗。
search...for... 为了找…而搜查… Mary is searching her bag for her keys. 玛丽正在包里找她的钥匙。
in search of… 为了寻找…
I walked into a bookstore in search of some books that I wanted.
我走进一家书店寻找几本我想要的书。
【典例分析】
1. Sally s________ the box for her missing letter, but she didn’t find it.
【答案】(s)earched
【详解】句意：萨莉在箱子里寻找她丢失的信，但没有找到。根据“but she didn’t find it”及首字母提示，可知空处应填动词search“寻找”，由“didn’t”可知句子时态为一般过去时，故填search的过去式searched。故填(s)earched。
2.警察在那一地带查找线索。
Police ________ ________ clues in the area.
【答案】searched for
【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语search for“查找”，动词短语，比较正式，语气更加强烈，而由语境可知应用一般过去时，故填searched；for。
3. Sally ________________ the box for her missing letter, but she didn't find it.
A. searched B. regarded C. offered D. provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎莉在盒子里寻找她丢失的信，但没有找到。search搜寻；看待；offer提供；provide提供。根据句意可知，应选A。
要点 11.
among prep. 在(其)中；…之一
between是一个介词，常和and连用，构成短语between…and…，表示“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。
between和among 的区别
between指在两者之间。 among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
例如：between the post office and the market
【典例分析】
1.A book is _______ a pen _______ a computer.
A. in; and B. between; and C. in; or D. between; or
【答案】B句意：一本书在钢笔和计算机间。between...and，在……和……之间，固定搭配，故选B。
2.He is the tallest _________the students in our class.
A. among B. between C. in
【答案】句意：在我们班学生中他个头最高。among指在三者或三者以上的之间。
3. —What do you think of the book
—In my opinion, it is the most popular one ______________ the three books.
A. among B. opposite C. from D. between
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：——你认为这本书怎么样？——在我看来，它是这些书中最受欢迎的一本。among在……之中（三者及以上）；opposite与……相对；from来自……；between在……之中（两者之中）。根据句意可知，应选A。
要点12
shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧.
表抽象的“羞耻；耻辱”时为n[U].
表具体的“可耻的人、事或物”时为n[C].
She covered her face with her hands in shame. 她羞愧地用手遮住了脸。
He is a shame to us. 他是我们引以为耻的人。
to one's shame 令某人感到羞愧地
in / with shame 羞愧地
a sense of shame 羞耻感
What a shame！/ It is a shame. 多遗憾！/ 真可惜。
To my shame, I left him alone at home.
让我感到羞愧的是，我把他一个人留在了家里。
【典例分析】
1. —Time past can’t be called back again.
—Yes. Wasting time is a __________________.
A. pressure B. fairness C. choice D. shame
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——光阴一去不复返。——是的。浪费时间是可耻的。A. 压力；B. 公平；C. 选择；D. 羞耻。不定冠词修饰单数名词，fairness为不可数名词，不能用a修饰。wasting time浪费时间；根据句意语境可知，shame符合句意，故选D。
2. —I haven’t been back to my hometown for years.
—______________________! Your parents must miss you very much.
A. Of course B. No problem C. What a shame D. Thank you
【答案】C
【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我好几年没回我的家乡了。——真可惜。你父母一定很想你。Of course.当然。No problem.没有问题。What a shame.真可惜。Thank you.谢谢你。根据Your parents must miss you very much.可知，此处应表达：几年没回家乡太可惜了，你的父母一定很想你，需用What a shame。故选C。
要点 13.
regard v. 将…认为；把…视为；看待
regard...as... 把…视为…
I regard him as a friend of mine.
我把他视为我的一个朋友。
as regards… 关于, 至于 = as for…
As regards him, he is a clever but lazy boy.
至于他,他是一个聪明但懒惰的男孩儿。
regards n. 致意，问候
Give your brother my regards when you see him.
看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。
give sb. regards 问候某人
【典例分析】
1. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。
We ________ him ________ our brother.
【答案】 regard/see as
【解析】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语regard...as.../see...as...“把……视为……”，根据语境可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语we不是第三人称单数，故填regard/see；as。
2. —Who is your chemistry teacher
—Miss Zhao. She is so friendly to us that we all ________ her as our elder sister.
A. remind B. regard C. allow D. compare
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——谁是你的化学老师？——Zhao女士。她对我们非常友好以致于我们把她看作我们的大姐姐。
考查动词辨析。remind提醒；regard认为；allow允许；compare比较。根据句意可知，化学老师对他们很友好，所以他们把化学老师看作他们的大姐姐。regard…as…表示“把……看作……”。故选B。
要点14
consider v. ① 注视 ② 仔细考虑 (= think about)
③ 认为 (= think of)
They stood there, considering the painting.
他们站在那里，凝视着那副画。
consider (doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事
He is considering going to see her. 他正在考虑去见她。
翻译：为什么不考虑举办个庭院拍卖会呢？
Why not consider having a yard sale
consider...(as).../consider...(to be)... 把…视为… / 认为…是…
We considered it (as) part of her work.
我们认为这是她工作的一部分。
She considers him (to be) a good teacher.
她认为他是一位好老师。
consider + that 从句 认为… (= think + that从句)
He considers that having money is a little bit important.
他认为有钱并不怎么重要。
considerate adj. 体贴的；深思熟虑的
considerable adj. 相当多的；相当大的
【典例分析】
1. — I don’t know where to go this summer vacation.
— Why not ________ visiting Qingdao You can enjoy the beaches there.
A. mind B. finish C. consider D. practice
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我不知道这个暑假该去哪里。——为什么不考虑去青岛呢？你可以享受那里的海滩。
考查动词辨析。mind介意；finish完成；consider考虑；practice练习。此处指建议考虑去青岛度假，consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。故选C。
2. —I was late again and the boss got quite angry.
—__________ yourself lucky that you weren’t fired.
A. Compare B. Introduce C. Consider D. Depend
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我又迟到了，老板十分生气。——你没被解雇就暗自庆幸吧。
考查动词辨析。Compare比较；Introduce介绍；Consider认为，考虑；Depend依靠。根据“you weren’t fired”可知，迟到惹老板生气没被解雇是很幸运了；consider yourself lucky表示“暗自庆幸”，固定短语。故选C。
要点 15.
count v. 数数；计算；重要 (= matter)
The 3-year-old boy can count from 1 to 100.
这个3岁的小男孩可以从1数到100。
She is counting the calories since she’s on a diet.
她在计算卡路里，因为她在节食减肥。
Every point in the game counts / matters.
这场比赛的每一分都很重要。
countless adj. 数不清的；无数的 = numerous
【典例分析】
2. — Can your little brother ___________ from 1 to 100
— Yes. He began to learn to say the simple numbers at the age of one.
A. count B. hear C. guess D. spread
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你弟弟能从1数到100吗？——可以。他一岁时就开始学习说简单的数字。
考查动词辨析。count数；hear听；guess猜；spread传播。根据“say the simple numbers”可知，问句是询问能否从1数到100，故应用动词count。故选A。
2. In England we have saying: It's the thought that __________.
A. minds B. counts C. needs D. sounds
【答案】B
【解析】A. minds意思是介意，B. counts意思是有价值，C. needs意思是需要，D. sounds意思是听起来，句意是：在英国我们有这个谚语：思想更有价值，故答案为B。
要点16
according to 依据；按照
according to sb. = in one’s opinion 在某人看来
According to George, she's a really good teacher.
按照乔治的说法，她是一位真正的好老师。
【典例分析】
1.他们俩都依章行事。
They both played the game ________ _________ the rules.
【答案】according to
2. ______ the school rules, everyone should attend school on time.
A. According to B. Close to C. Next to D. In front of
【答案】C
【解析】According to 根据。。。。符合题意。
要点 17. opposite
1) prep. 与…相对；在…对面 = across from常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。
The bank is opposite the bus stop.
银行在公交车站的对面。
2) adj. 对面的，另一边的
We live on the opposite side of the road.
我们住在马路对面。
be opposite to 和…相对
Her house is opposite to mine.
她的房子与我的房子相对。
3) adv. 在对面
There's an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
4) n. 对立面；反义词 (常与介词of一起使用)
“Tall” is the opposite of “short” “高”是“矮”的反义词。
【典例分析】
1. Mum came in and sat ________ him. He saw the happiness on her face clearly.
A. between B. opposite C. behind D. outside
【答案】B
【解析】句意：妈妈进来坐在他对面。他清楚地看到她脸上的幸福。
考查介词辨析。between在……和……之间；opposite在……对边；behind在……后面；outside在外面。根据“He saw the happiness on her face clearly.”可知，坐在对面可以看得很清晰。故选B。
2. —Where is the bus stop
—It’s ______ the police station.
A. opposite B. opposite of C. opposite with D. against to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——公共汽车站在哪里？——在警察局对面。
考查介词辨析。opposite在……对面；opposite of错误格式；opposite with错误格式；against to错误格式。根据“Where is the bus stop ”可知，在警察局对面。故选A。
要点18
especially adv. 尤其；特别；格外 用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性
I love to travel to Italy, especially in summer.
我喜欢去意大利旅行，尤其是在夏天。
especial adj. 特别的；特殊的
【典例分析】
1. There are smiles everywhere, ______________ on the faces of children.
A. nearly B. especially C. finally D. luckily
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：到处都是微笑，尤其是在孩子们脸上的笑容。A. nearly差不多；B. especially尤其是；C. finally最后；D. luckily幸运地。根据句意可知，此处需用especially表强调，意为：尤其是”孩子们的脸上的微笑，故选B。
2. —As we know, it’s very difficult to live in a foreign country like the UK, the US and so on.
—I agree. _____________ if you don't understand the local language.
A. Especially B. Generally C. Naturally D. Exactly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——众所周知，在英国、美国等国家生活是非常困难的。——我同意。尤其是如果你不了解当地的语言。Especially特别；尤其；Generally通常；普遍地；Naturally自然地；Exactly恰好地。根据语境可知，应选A。
7. Making dumplings is an important activity for many families on New Year’s Eve, ________ in Northern China.
A. suddenly B. especially C. heavily D. differently
【答案】B
【解析】句意：对许多家庭来说，除夕夜包饺子是一项重要的活动，尤其是在中国北方。
考查副词辨析。suddenly突然；especially尤其是；heavily沉重地；differently不同地。根据“Making dumplings is an important activity for many families...in Northern China”可知，此处表达除夕夜包饺子是一项重要的活动，尤其是在中国北方。故选B。
要点 19.
hold v. 拥有；抓住；抱住；使保持；容纳；举行 (hold - held - held)
The plane holds about 300 passengers.
这架飞机可以容纳大约300名乘客。
He holds a different view on education.
他对教育有着不同的看法。
I held the mouse by its tails.
我抓着耗子尾巴倒提起来。
hold a view (on…) (对…)持有观点
The meeting will be held in the city center.
会议将在市中心举行。
The lover held each other close.
这对恋人紧紧相拥。
Hold your breath and hold your head up.
屏住呼吸然后抬起头来。
hold the breath 屏住呼吸
hold the head up 抬起头
【典例分析】
1. The Olympic Games _____every four years.
A. are held B. were hold C. are holding D. will hold
【答案】C
【解析】：hold是动词。从本题句意知是一般现在时的被动语态，句意是“奥林匹克运动会每四年被举行一次”故此小题选C。
2、翻译，指出下面Hold在各句的意义。
1）He was holding the baby in his arms.
【答案】他用胳膊抱着婴儿。hold 抓住；握住
2）We hold a sports meeting twice a year in our school.
【答案】我们学校每年举行两次运动会。hold
3）Hold your head up.
【答案】抬起头来。hold up 抬起。
4）I don't think the chair can hold your weight.
【答案】我想这把椅子支撑不住你的重量。Hold 支撑……的重量
5）The plane holds about 300 passengers.
【答案】这架飞机大约容纳300名乘客。Hold 容纳；包含
3. 老师叫他抬起头来。
The teacher asked him to ________ his head ________ .
【答案】hold up
4.明天将要举行一场运动会。
A sports meeting will___________ ___________ tomorrow.
【答案】be held
要点20
as. . . as和某物/某人一样……
I haven’t read anything as good as that for a long time! 我好长时间没有读过那么好的东西了!
The young man is as strong as a horse. 那个年轻人健如骏马。
注意：as. . . as意为“和某物/某人一样……”, 表示同级比较。其基本结构: as +形容词或副词的原级+ as。
【归纳拓展】 as. . . as结构用法小结
as. . . as的否定结构为: not as/so. . . as意为“不如某物/某人……”。
例如: Jack doesn’t run as/so fast as Nick. 杰克没有尼克跑得快。
as. . . as还可用在某些固定结构中:
as. . . as possible/sb. can 尽可能……
as long as 只要
as far as 至于……; 就……来说
as soon as 一……就
【典例分析】
1. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【答案】1.A 如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
2. As soon as the rain ______, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
【答案】A 如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
【答案】句意：暑假一开始，我就要去看望我在英国的姑姑。A. while正当……的时候，B. since因为， C. until 直到， D. as soon as一……就…… 据题意，故选D。
4.只要努力了，你就会成功！
_________ ________ _______ you work hard, you will succeed!
【答案】As long as 只要表示“条件”的状语从句。
5.他一看到我，就向我问好。
_________ __________ ______he saw me, he said hello to me.
【答案】As soon as 一。。。就表示“时间”状语从句。
6.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。
In order to study English well, you should remember English words ________ _________ _______ _________.
【答案】as many as possible
7.她英语说得和你一样好。
She speaks English _________ ________ ________.
【答案】as well as
【重点词组】
1. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
2. bring back sweet memories 带来甜美的回忆
3. a couple of months 几个月
4.check out 察看；观察
5.in junior high school在初级中学
6. clear out清理；丢掉
7.no longer不再（侧重时间）
8.part with 放弃；交出
9. as for至于
10.to be honest 说实在的
11.for a while一会
12.do with处理；对待
13. one last thing 最后一件事情
14. search for搜寻
15.regard with great interest 带着浓厚的兴趣关注着
16. stay the same 保持原样
17.according to 根据
18. opposite the school 在学校对面
19.close to three years大约3年
20. in order to为了
21. as long as I can remember 从我记事起
【重点句式】
1. How long have you had that bike over there 你拥有那边那辆自行车多长时间了？
2. I’ve had it for three years= I’ve had it since three years ago.
我已拥有它3年了/自从3年以前我就拥有它了。
3. As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller.
随着他们的长大，我们的房子看起来变小了。
4. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.
我们已经决定，每一笑交易卖5样我们不再用的东西。
5. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.许多象钟伟一样的人都带着极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡已经发生了怎样的变化。
6. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
艾米想留着她的旧东西，因为它们勾起甜美的回忆。
7. You can also give old things away to people in need.
你也可以把旧东西捐赠给急需的人们。 (
知识要点二：语法
)
含有since和for的现在完成时态
since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”，for“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度
考点1 since和for是现在完成时的重要标志
考点2 since和for的用法
（1）since的用法
since+过去的时间点。如：年、月、日、几点等
since 1990 自从1990年起
since 5 o’clock 自从五点起
since+ 时间段+ ago
since 3 months ago 自从三个月以前
since+ 一般过去时的从句
since you left home 自从你离开家以后
（2）since的一个固定句式“It is＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的从句”。
It is five years since I came here. 我来这儿5年了。
（3）for的用法：for＋时间段
（4）在现在完成时当中，若对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用how long来提问。
（5）since和for的句式转换：
since＋时间段＋ago＝for＋时间段
They haven't changed since twenty years ago.＝They haven't changed for twenty years.
他们已经二十年没有改变了。
考点3 延续性动词、短暂性动词与since, for
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
(1) 若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。
(2) 短暂性动词可以转化为延续性动词
①直接换成延续性动词
buy买→have有 borrow借→keep保留 put on穿上→wear穿着come/go/become来/去/变成→be在/是
②转换成be＋名词
join the army参军→be a soldier当兵 join the Party 入党→be a
Party member成为一名党员 go to school去上学→be a student成为一名学生
③转换成be＋形容词/副词
die死亡→be dead死了 finish结束→be over结束
begin开始→be on 在上映/已开始 leave离开→be away远离的
all asleep入睡→be asleep睡着的 close关闭→be closed关着的
④转换成be＋介词短语
go to school去上学→be in school在上学 join the army参军→be in the army在军队中
考点4 现在完成时和一般过去时的转换
由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子可与由非延续性动词构成的句子相互转换。
I have kept the book for five days.＝I borrowed the book five days ago.我五天前借的这本书。
Ⅰ. 用for或since将下列句子改为同义句
1. Helen left two hour ago.
Helen has been away ________ ________ ________.
2. Jack has a toy car and he got it on his twelfth birthday.
Jack has owned the toy car _______ ________ ________ ________.
3. She arrived there at four o’clock and she is still there.
She has been there _________ ________ _________.
4. Paul didn’t phone me after he went to Berlin.
Paul hasn’t phoned me _______ _______ ______ ________ Berlin.
5. Tom’s grandpa died ten years ago.
Tom’s grandpa has been dead ________ ________ ________.
【答案】1.for two hours 2.since he was 12 3.since 4 o’clock ago 4.since he went to 5.for 10 years
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 自从去年冬天，我就没有收到过她的信。
I haven’t heard from her ___________ _________ _________.
2. 我们已经在这里等了半个小时了。
We’ve already waited here ________ ________ ________ ________.
3. 他们在这个城市生活了十五年了。
They’ve lived in this city ________ _______ ________.
4. 自从这周二开始，他就一直没去学校上学。
He hasn’t gone to school _______ _______ Tuesday.
5. 这个孩子生病住院五天了。
The child has been ill in hospital ________ _________ _________.
【答案】1.since last winter 2.for half an hour 3.for 15 years 4.since this 5.for 5 years
(
知识要点三：书面表达
)
【话题分析】
本单元主要围绕“生活环境"这一话题，常有两个考查角度：
（1）
谈论私人物品的来历、持有的时间及喜欢的原因等;
体裁以记叙文为主，多使用第一人称，
能用现在完成时介绍某人拥有的物品，并分享其背后的特殊意义。能用现在完成时“have done”的结构来介绍某人拥有的物品；能在现在完成时中准确区分和使用since和for
“三步法”介绍最喜欢的物品的文章：
◆第一步：基本介绍（what /who/ how long）；
◆第二步：谈论喜欢的原因(Why)；
◆第三步：写出有关美好的记忆。
（2）
谈论家乡近年来的发展和变化。
时态以现在完成时和一般现在时为主。
“三步法”介绍某地变化的文章：
◆第一步：整体介绍；
◆第二步：写出变化；
◆第三步：总结。
【词汇积累】
1. be fond of 喜欢
2. fall in love with 爱上
3.sth. remind sb. of 某物使某人想起
4.sweet memories 美好的回忆
5.bring back 带回
6. a happy childhood 幸福的童年
7.be special to sb. 对某人来说是特殊的
8.after a while 一段时间之后
9.thanks to 幸亏
10.from then on 从那以后
【句型积累】
1. My favorite thing(from childhood) is ...
2.I’ve had it for / since... 我拥有它已经....
3.I like ... so much because ... 我太喜欢....了因为...
4.It's special to me because ...
5....has given me many memories...
6.I remember when...
【实战演练】
A
你孩童时代最喜欢并且保留的东西是什么呢？请你根据下面的图表信息写一篇英语短文，介绍一下吧。提示：
1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，要求条理清楚、行文连贯； 2. 词数不少于80。
Your favorite thing from childhood which you still have How long have you had it
How did you get it
Why do you like it so much
Can you say something more about it
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My favorite thing from childhood is my teddy bear. I have had it since I was five years old. My grandmother gave it to me on my birthday.
I like the teddy bear so much because it’s dressed in my favorite color. It’s special to me because my grandmother made it for me. I think I will keep it forever to remind me of my grandmother.
The teddy bear has given me many good memories. I remember when I was young, I was afraid of the dark, so I held my teddy bear to feel safe.
B
你的家乡在这些年里日新月异，请运用对比手法，以“Great changes in my hometown”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，描绘你家乡的变化。请参考表格内容：
环境 交通 通讯
过去 房屋老旧；河流不干净；很少看到蓝天 道路狭窄；步行或骑自行车 联系困难
现在 高楼；空气新鲜；碧水蓝天；污染减少 火车站、飞机场投入使用；乘公交车或火车 联系方便：电话；微信；QQ
将来 你对家乡未来的畅想（至少一句）
Great changes in my hometown
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Great changes in my hometown
My hometown has changed a lot over the years.
In the past, there used to be old houses. The rivers were very dirty. We could hardly see the blue sky. But now there are many tall buildings in my hometown. The air is fresh, the rivers are clean and the water is clear. There is less pollution than before.
When I was young, the roads were narrow and the transportation conditions were terrible. People went to work on foot or by bike. It took a lot of time. As time goes by, things have changed. The railway station and the airport have been in use for several years. People usually go to work by bus or by train.
It was hard to keep in touch with others in the past. But now we can talk on the phone and chat by WeChat or QQ.
I am glad to see that great changes have taken place in my hometown. I hope my hometown will be better and better in the future.
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