上海市新川中学高二下英语第二次月考试卷
(时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)
2024.05
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear len short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked aboul whal was said. The comersations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a comversation and the question aboi’ lt, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bes1 answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At an airport. B. In the hotel. C. At a bus stop. D. In a subway station.
2. A. The lady has to go ask for help. B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.
C. The lady has to have black coffee. D. The lady has had too much black coffee.
3. A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.
B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.
C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.
D. The paintings are highly priced.
4. A. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep.
B. The man will take the flight on Sep.
C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep.
D. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.
5. A soccer game. B. A bicycle race. C. A swimming game. D. A Marathon running race.
6. A. Skirt. B. Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.
7. A. She wants another steak. B. She doesn’t like the steak.
C. She is full of energy. D. She is too full to have anything more.
8. A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.
B. The man should start to exercise one month later.
C. It is important to make warming-up exercise.
D. The man should contínue with his exercise.
9. A. It would be very cold today. B. The weather report was wrong.
C. The cold front would stay for long. D. It would get warm today.
10. A. To drive a long way home. B. To serve as a good mechanic.
C. To get her car maintained. D. To buy a new car.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversalion(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Many people 1ikc to eat dog meat. B. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.
C. The world is too competitive. D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.
12. A. A sick dog. B. A watch dog. C.A barking dog. D. A junkyard dog.
13. A. He is probably to make his wife madder.
B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog-tired.
C. He probably will stay in the doghouse.
D. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Zhuyun Art Muscum shows China’s modem culture, art and history.
B. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.
C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s native culture, art and history.
D Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.
15. A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.
B. To store as much art crafts as possible.
C. To set a shelter for local modem artists.
D. To serve the locals to meet their diverse art demands.
16. A. This museum holds over 1000 Buddha statues.
B. The earliest Buddha statues in it is about 2500 years old.
C. The exhibits in it are made of a variety of materials.
D. The exhibits represent ancient people’s delicate techniques and intelligence.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Teacher and student. B Consultant and parent.
C Consultant and headmaster. D. Doctor and patient.
18. A. He withdrew some money from his parents’ bank account.
B. He mixed with some bad guys, which influenced his study.
C. He watched too much TV at home.
D. He was not as attentive as before.
19. A. She was annoyed. B. She was anxious.
C. She was confused. D. She was indifferent.
20. A. Where there is a will, there is a way.
B. All roads lead to Rome.
C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30’)
Section A (20’)
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage cohcrent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
We Britons have about 60 words for happiness: blissfulness, ecstasy, pleasure, delight...The list is as varied as it is surprising, given that we only just scraped into the top 20 happiest countries in the world this year. Finns, who ____1____ (name) the happiest nation for the sixth year running, are either onnellinen or iloinen. The latter roughly translates as joyful or glad: you might be iloinen that you’re heading off on boliday. Onnellinen, on the other hand, speaks to the notion of being content with your life, ____2____ describing a fleeting feeling.
In the decade ____3____ the first World Happiness Report was released in 2012, four countries have held the top position: Denmark, Switzerland, Norway and now Finland. It’s based on an evaluation in which respondents are asked to assess the overall happiness of their current lives on a scale of one to 10.
For the fourth year running, the UK has slipped down the global happiness rankings, ____4____ (drop) two places to number 19. Even more worryingly, however, the 2022 global Oracle happiness report for the UK specifically found that nearly half of Britons have not felt true happiness in two years. We’re currently behind the US, Israel, New Zealand and Luxembourg, but mercifully ahead of the likes of Afghanistan and Lebanon-currently the two ____5____ (happy) countries in the world. This persistent decline in British contentment is concerning.
____6____ (find) out what we miserable Britons can leam from the Finns, I went to Lake Saimaa — a three-and-a-half-hour drive from Helsinki — to take part in a masterclass in happiness. It is a resort designed around taking things slowly. Each villa has its own sauna (桑拿浴), ____7____ (set)in a fragrant pine forest. ____8____ many friends rightly pointed out, how could anyone not be happy here
In many ways, though, my admittedly luxurious stay revealed to me ____9____ the Finns approach happiness for everyone. There’s no doubt they have got a lot of things right — their love of saunas, for one. Known for their health benefits, saunas are fantastic for calming the mind. And with _____10_____ estimated 3 million saunas for a population of just over 5.5 million, they are certainly integrated into everyday life.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. applied B. impurity C. embraced D. commercial E. Mixed F. promises G. imposed H. demonstration I. employs J. giant K. version
How to get all of the toothpaste out of the tube haunts many a bathroom. Bus not, perhaps, for much longer. Colgate-Palmolive, an American consumer-goods ___11___, has taken up an invention in super-slippery surfaces to produce a toothpaste tube that ___12___ to deliver every last scrap of their contents.
In 2012, two inventors set up a company called LiquiGlide to commercialise their work on making liquids flow easily through pipes and out of containers. What caught many people’s imaginations at the time was a(n) ___13___ of how this could be used to empty a ketchup bottle without shaking it vigorously.
So far, ketchup-makers have not ___14___ the idea. But the health and beauty industry, where products tend to be pricier than ketchup, is interested. A Swiss company ___15___ the technology to lessen the amount of material left stuck to the insides of pipes and vesseis in its factories when it is time for a clean-up.
LiquiGlidc’s deal with Colgate is, though, the firm’s first big break into a consumer business. The new toothnastc called Elixu, comes in three varicties: a formula tor whitening teeth, one for gum and enamel care and a “detox” ___16___ which, it is claimed, removes any ___17___ from the mouth. All are packaged in plastic tubes that can be emptied with ease.
To produce the slippery pipes and containers, a pattern is first ___18___ an them and then a suitably formulated liquid is ___19___. This fills the gaps in the texture, treating a surface across which gooey substances slide easily.
Besides pleasing customers who like to get their money’s worth, the new, slippery toothpaste tubes should help with recycling. Existing tubes are rarely recycled, not only because they have residue left inside them but also because they are usually made from a laminate of plastic and aluminum foil. ____20____ materials of this sort are hard to recycle, and therefore end up being dumped in landfills.
II. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
On March 16th I left the offices of The Economist to head home. That was the last day when all editorial staff assembled in our London office. And, at the time of writing, no date for a return to the office is in ___21___
It is remarkable how quickly we have adapted. The newspaper has been written, edited and produced from couches and kitchen tables. January and February seem like an ancient era — the BC (before coronavirus) to the new AD (after ___22___).
The shift may ___23___ great workplace transformations in the 19th and 20th centuries, and it has been a much more sudden transition than occurred with factories, enabled by advanced economies that revolve around services instead of manufacturing. Back in the 1970s, when Britain adopted a three-day week (to commit a miners strike), there were power cub and TV stations had to close down early. This pandemic has not turned the lights ___24___
Not only that, it has made remote work seem both normal and acceptable. In the past employees who stayed home had to overcome the ___25___ that they were bunking off (偷懒). Now those who insist on being at the office sound self-important.
Things are ___26___, of course. Video calls Jack the spontaneity of a normal meeting; no off-the-cuff (即兴的) remarks to lighten the mood. Distance makes it difficult to generate camaraderie. Creativity is probably harder to foster. Experts say new ideas come from weak links in networks — i.e., people you meet occasionally. Such “ ___27___ collisions” have become rarer.
Yet ____28____ offices will not disappear, it is hard to imagine that working life will return to BC ways. For more than a century workers have stuffed themselves onto crowded trains and buses to get into the office. For the past two months they have not had to commute. ___29___, for their part, have maintained expensive offices in city centers because they needed to gather staff in one place. The rent is only part of the cost; there are the cleaning, lighting, printers, catering and security ____30____.
Another aspect of the AD era may be the disappearance of the five-day working week. Even before the pandemic many workers became used to taking phone calls or answering emails at the weekend. In the AD era, the ____31____ between home and working life, a useful way of relieving stress, will be even harder to sustain.
In future employees may work and take breaks when they please, with the company video call the only ____32____. The downside, however, is that the rhythm of life has been disrupted and new ____33____ are needed. Looking further out, the AD era may bring other changes. Some may decide to live in small towns where housing costs are lower, since they have no need to commute. Men will have ____34____ excuses to skip cleaning or child care if they are not disappearing to the office. In a sense, this is a(n) ____35____ to normal: until the 19th century most people worked at or close to their homes. But social historians may still regard 2020 as the start of a new age.
21. A. doubt B. sight C. mind D. hope
22. A. domestication B. transition C. isolation D. pandemic
23. A. affect B. shape C. arouse D. rival
24. A. on B. off C. over D. down
25. A. suspicion B. difficulty C. prejudice D. disadvantage
26. A. advancing B. reversing C. interfering D. missing
27. A. remote B. intense C. casual D. novel
28. A. now that B. in case C. even though D. as long as
29. A. Commuters B. Legislators C. Executives D. Employers
30. A. in demand B. beyond reach C. at issue D. on top
31. A. balance B. barrier C. connection D. conflict
32. A. fixture B. engagement C. priority D. interaction
33. A. perspectives B. routines C. regulations D. equivalents
34. A. better B. harder C. more D. fewer
35. A. access B. progress C. return D. contrast
Section B (22’)
Direction: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C’ and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that： A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.
In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （银金矿），objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.
Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.
"How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."
Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.
Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.
36. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.
B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.
C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.
D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.
37. The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to .
A. a kind of money that can exchange
B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied
C. a place to produce and polish shells
D. a factory that produces currency
38. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money
A. Reasonable. B. Imaginary.
C. Convenient. D. Inventive.
39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The History of Bitcoin
B. Shells Still Money
C. The Currency Is of Great Use
D. Some Shells
(B)
DON’T FORGET
POSTCODE YOUR PROPERTY
In only 9% of cases where something has been stolen is property returned.
Marked property can stop burglars because it’s harder for a thief to sell and can help the police to return it if found.
Mark items with some understandable information-showing your postcode and the number of your house or flat or the first two letters of its name-using a permanent etching tool or an ultraviolent marker pen. Only use UV marking when other methods would reduce the value of the object — because the mark can fade.
1. The first half of the postcode indicates your town and district, such as: NT 42 9.
2. The last 2 letters pinpoint one strect or part of a street, such as: NT 42 9WA
3 Mark your valuables using the postcode followed by your house number such as NT 42 9WA7
Take pictures of all valuable items like jewellery and silverware and write down the serial numbers of your TV video, hi-fi, home computer and camera equipment, to help the police identify them should they be recovered. If you have many valuable items, fit a safe.
Ask your local police station for postcode property stickers to display in the front and back windows of your house.
BE A GOOD NEIGHBOUR
If you see anyone acting strangely in your neighborhood, call the police. There are now over 130,000 Neighborhood Watch Schemes in this country — why not join one Anyone can start up a Watch — call your police for details.
IF YOU ARE BURGLED
A secure home will reduce the chance of you getting burgled. But, if you get home and notice is of a break-in:
●Don’t go in or call out — the intruder could still be inside Go to a neighbors’ house to call the police CRIME PREVENTION ADVICE
All police forces have offices trained in crime prevention-contact your local station for advice. Some forces can arrange surveys of your home or workplace and recommend security improvements. This is a popular service — if there’s a waiting list, you may be sent an information pack so that you can do your own survey.
40. The passage talks mainly about .
A. how to beat the burglar
B. how to keep your valuables safe
C. how to live happily in a neighborhood
D. how to deal with police forces properly
41. Mary has marked her camera with “NJ 25 7PS 9” according to the suggestion given by the passage. What does the last number “9”refer to
A. Part of a street name. B. Her house number.
C. Postcode of acity. D. Her car plate number.
42. Which of the following is a suggestion given in the passage
A. Attach “postcode property” stickers to your valuables.
B. Keep silent if you sense your house has been broken into.
C. Tell your neighbor about anyone who behave strangely.
D. Design a survey to find out if your home needs improving.
(C)
Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person’s carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.
How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, jails and prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person. In fact, according to a study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the lowest carbon footprint that can be calculated for a person living in the US is 8.5 tons. And shockingly, this carbon footprint corresponds to a homeless person who sleeps in public shelters and eats in soup kitchens.
While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a “rebound effect” occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his or her carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he or she saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO2 emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person’s carbon footprint by making it bigger!
Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long-distance travel and buying fewer smartphones, tablets, and MP3 players that have large energy costs to produce and deliver. Another way to lower the average Americans US carbon footprint is to add a CO2 tax on food, housing, and transportation, and most Americans don’t want their taxes raised. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.
43. The first two paragraphs are intended to____.
A. show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles
B. argue against the world’s misinterpretation of US lifestyles
C. reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are
D. stress the impact of carbon footprints on American peoples life
44 Which of the following is an example of the “rebound effect” (paragraph 3)
A. Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week
B. Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money
C. Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.
D. David had a good knowledge of what harm CO2 emissions would do.
45. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Investment in basic government services should be reduced.
B. A homeless person’s carbon footprint is not easy to calculate.
C. The less a person spends, the more environmentally friendly he is.
D. A CO2 tax has already been added on food, housing and transportation.
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. How Can We Change Our Lifestyles
B. Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller
C. Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important
D. What Makes Contributions to Green house Gas Emissions
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We all have friends that need a little advice, but one of the problems with those types of conversations is that it’s really easy to come off as a know-it-all when you’re offering help. When you do that, nobody’s going to listen.
____47____ But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation. I talked with relationship and family therapist Roger S. Gil to get some advice for dealing with these situations.
Obviously not everyone is looking for your advice. Before you go offering up your point of view, make sure they’re interested in hearing it. As Roger Gil points out, often friends aren’t looking for you to solve a problem. They just want you to listen and maybe ask some questions. So, ask if they’d like to hear your input or insights on a problem, but also ask questions about why thee feel a certain way. If they say “no”, let them finish their story and listen politely.____48____Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want). Sometimes the best way to figure something out is to do it on their own.
Speaking of listening. It’s also a good idea to figure out right away what your friends want from you. Gil describes this as differentiating between opinions, expert advice, and being a “sounding board”. Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t. ____49____
Now that you know whether or not your friends or family actually want your advice, it’s time to learn how to advise without sounding like a know-it-all. This is a lot harder than you might think. As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious (自以为是的) is to avoid “You should” statements.____50____ By offering up your opinion clearly defined as your opinion, you remove the implication that “you know best”.
A. Definitely don’t act like you’ve been in a situation you haven’t been in.
B. Different situations require different approaches so we need to know what we should contribute.
C. Gil also adds that even when you know the answer to something, you might want to keep your mouth shut.
D. Gil’s advice, seems obvious, but it’s incredibly easy to get on your high-horse and use “You should” if you’re not careful.
E. When you have a friend who’s stuck in trouble, it’s normal to want to provide some type of insight to get them out of it.
F. However, the key is to make sure you stay in “listening mode” for as long as possible, and you don’t push your advice when it isn’t wanted.
IV. Summary Writing(10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Light the Cities of the Future
A previously unlit cycle path in the Netherlands has recently drawn our attention. It has been resurfaced with a material that consists of thousands of shining stones in order to create a well-lit route. The Van Gogh Path, so called after the artist who lived in the town of Nuenen in 1883, combines the traditional with the contemporary in a gesture that acknowledge ledges Van Gingh’ masterpiece The Starry Night, but also shows the way ahead for city lighting. The Van Gogh Path is not a single case; it is not difficult to foresee a time when natural materials could help light the cities of the future.
Why should we care about city lighting What’s wrong with current electrical city lighting anyway Well, the problem that it causes is two-fold. First, of course, electrical lighting in most cities comes from non-renewable resources. According to the International Energy Agency, almost 20% of global electricity is consumed for lighting, which is responsible for high levels of carbon emissions. But there’s also the belief that electrical light itself is a form of pollution by destroying our view of the night sky.
From the above reasons, then, it seems wise to investigate other approaches. The city of Glasgow is attempting to use intelligent street lighting to monitor how citizens interact with the urban landscape and minimize electrical consumption and thus emissions. This “Smart City approach” is seen by many as the way of the future, but some designers aren’t convinced. They are pioneering the altogether more original approach of using materials from the natural world in order to replace electrical light entirely. They believe that this new “technology” can one day completely replace microchips and digital systems as we find better ways of making use of the light-producing mechanisms (制) that already exist in the natural world.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在场的股东们都反对实施这项新出台的政策。(object) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
53. 早秋时节，可以在超市或者水果摊买到诸如桃子等甜蜜水果。(when, available) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
54. 约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了，还扭伤了脚裸，他似乎正对自己失去信心。(seem) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
55. 只有在经历了人生中的起起伏伏之后，他才意识到他本应该树立切合实际的目标，而不是好高骛远。（Only）（汉译英）上海市新川中学高二下英语第二次月考试卷
(时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)
2024.05
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear len short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked aboul whal was said. The comersations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a comversation and the question aboi’ lt, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bes1 answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At an airport. B. In the hotel. C. At a bus stop. D. In a subway station.
2. A. The lady has to go ask for help. B. The lady is satisfied with her black coffee.
C. The lady has to have black coffee. D. The lady has had too much black coffee.
3. A. The paintings are copies with reasonable prices.
B. The paintings are absolutely genuine.
C. The paintings are only sold at this fair.
D. The paintings are highly priced.
4. A. The man is likely to take the flight on Sep.
B The man will take the flight on Sep.
C. The man wants to sell his ticket for Sep.
D. The man booked the flight on Sep. 19.
5. A soccer game. B. A bicycle race. C. A swimming game. D. A Marathon running race.
6. A. Skirt. B. Matches. C. Toes. D. Shoes.
7 A. She wants another steak. B. She doesn’t like the steak.
C. She is full of energy. D. She is too full to have anything more.
8. A. She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.
B. The man should start to exercise one month later.
C It is important to make warming-up exercise.
D. The man should contínue with his exercise.
9. A. It would be very cold today. B. The weather report was wrong.
C. The cold front would stay for long. D. It would get warm today.
10. A. To drive a long way home. B. To serve as a good mechanic.
C. To get her car maintained. D. To buy a new car.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversalion(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Many people 1ikc to eat dog meat. B. Dogs are unhappy with their existence.
C. The world is too competitive. D. Dogs enjoy their life with people.
12. A. A sick dog. B. A watch dog. C.A barking dog. D. A junkyard dog.
13. A. He is probably to make his wife madder.
B. He could go to work like a dog and get dog-tired.
C. He probably will stay in the doghouse.
D. He is probably to let sleeping dogs lie.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Zhuyun Art Muscum shows China’s modem culture, art and history.
B. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s art crafts dating back to Tang Dynasty.
C. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s native culture, art and history.
D. Zhuyun Art Museum shows Jiading’s contemporary paintings and calligraphy.
15. A. To renew old factories to meet more demands of local residents.
B. To store as much art crafts as possible.
C. To set a shelter for local modem artists.
D. To serve the locals to meet their diverse art demands.
16. A. This museum holds over 1000 Buddha statues.
B. The earliest Buddha statues in it is about 2500 years old.
C. The exhibits in it are made of a variety of materials.
D The exhibits represent ancient people’s delicate techniques and intelligence.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Teacher and student. B Consultant and parent.
C. Consultant and headmaster. D. Doctor and patient.
18. A. He withdrew some money from his parents’ bank account.
B. He mixed with some bad guys, which influenced his study.
C. He watched too much TV at home.
D. He was not as attentive as before.
19. A. She was annoyed. B. She was anxious.
C. She was confused. D. She was indifferent.
20. A. Where there is a will, there is a way.
B. All roads lead to Rome.
C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30’)
Section A (20’)
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage cohcrent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
We Britons have about 60 words for happiness: blissfulness, ecstasy, pleasure, delight...The list is as varied as it is surprising, given that we only just scraped into the top 20 happiest countries in the world this year. Finns, who ____1____ (name) the happiest nation for the sixth year running, are either onnellinen or iloinen. The latter roughly translates as joyful or glad: you might be iloinen that you’re heading off on boliday. Onnellinen, on the other hand, speaks to the notion of being content with your life, ____2____ describing a fleeting feeling.
In the decade ____3____ the first World Happiness Report was released in 2012, four countries have held the top position: Denmark, Switzerland, Norway and now Finland. It’s based on an evaluation in which respondents are asked to assess the overall happiness of their current lives on a scale of one to 10.
For the fourth year running, the UK has slipped down the global happiness rankings, ____4____ (drop) two places to number 19. Even more worryingly, however, the 2022 global Oracle happiness report for the UK specifically found that nearly half of Britons have not felt true happiness in two years. We’re currently behind the US, Israel, New Zealand and Luxembourg, but mercifully ahead of the likes of Afghanistan and Lebanon-currently the two ____5____ (happy) countries in the world. This persistent decline in British contentment is concerning.
____6____ (find) out what we miserable Britons can leam from the Finns, I went to Lake Saimaa — a three-and-a-half-hour drive from Helsinki — to take part in a masterclass in happiness. It is a resort designed around taking things slowly. Each villa has its own sauna (桑拿浴), ____7____ (set)in a fragrant pine forest. ____8____ many friends rightly pointed out, how could anyone not be happy here
In many ways, though, my admittedly luxurious stay revealed to me ____9____ the Finns approach happiness for everyone. There’s no doubt they have got a lot of things right — their love of saunas, for one. Known for their health benefits, saunas are fantastic for calming the mind. And with _____10_____ estimated 3 million saunas for a population of just over 5.5 million, they are certainly integrated into everyday life.
【答案】1. have been named
2. rather than
3. since 4. dropping
5. unhappiest
6. To find 7. set
8. As 9. how
10. an
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰被评为最幸福的国家，以及作者为了了解芬兰人的幸福秘诀而前往芬兰参加幸福大师班的经历。
【1题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：连续第六年被评为最幸福国家的芬兰人，不是onnellinen就是iloinen。根据时间状语for the sixth year running可知，此处使用现在完成时，且Finns与name之间是被动关系，使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语 Finns是复数，助动词用have。故填have been named。
【2题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：另一方面，onnellinen则表达了对生活的满足感，而不是描述一种短暂的感觉。根据上文“Onnellinen, on the other hand, speaks to the notion of being content with your life(另一方面，onnellinen 则表达了对生活的满足感)”以及下文“describing a fleeting feeling(描述一种短暂的感觉)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，应使用介词短语rather than。故填rather than。
【3题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：在 2012 年第一份《世界幸福报告》发布后的十年里，有四个国家一直位居榜首：丹麦、瑞士、挪威，现在是芬兰。根据下文“the first World Happiness Report was released in 2012(在 2012 年第一份《世界幸福报告》发布……)”以及“four countries have held the top position(有四个国家一直位居榜首)”可知，此处说的是在 2012 年第一份《世界幸福报告》发布之后的事，空白处应填表示“自从……以来”，应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：英国在全球幸福指数排名中连续第四年下滑，下降两位，跌至第19位。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词，the UK与drop之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填 dropping。
【5题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：我们目前落后于美国、以色列、新西兰和卢森堡，但幸运的是领先于阿富汗和黎巴嫩——目前世界上最不幸福的两个国家。根据空前的“Afghanistan and Lebanon(阿富汗和黎巴嫩)”可知，这是世界上有较多战乱，是世界上最不幸福的国家，应用形容词最高级unhappiest。故填unhappiest。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了找出我们这些痛苦的英国人能从芬兰人身上学到什么，我去了距离赫尔辛基三个半小时车程的塞马湖，参加了一个幸福大师班。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To find。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每个别墅都有自己的桑拿浴室，坐落在芳香的松树林中。sauna与set之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填set。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：正如许多朋友正确指出的那样，在这里，怎么会有人不开心呢？此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子，关系词在从句中作宾语且位于句首，应使用关系代词as“正如”引导。故填As。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：然而，在很多方面，我的无可否认的豪华住宿向我揭示了芬兰人是如何为每个人创造幸福的。此处引导宾语从句的复合句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，应用连接副词how连接。故填how。
【10题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在550多万人口中，估计有300万个桑拿浴，它们无疑已经融入了人们的日常生活。此处表示“估计有300万个桑拿浴室”，是泛指，应用不定冠词，且estimated是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. applied B. impurity C. embraced D. commercial E. Mixed F. promises G. imposed H. demonstration I. employs J. giant K. version
How to get all of the toothpaste out of the tube haunts many a bathroom. Bus not, perhaps, for much longer. Colgate-Palmolive, an American consumer-goods ___11___, has taken up an invention in super-slippery surfaces to produce a toothpaste tube that ___12___ to deliver every last scrap of their contents.
In 2012, two inventors set up a company called LiquiGlide to commercialise their work on making liquids flow easily through pipes and out of containers. What caught many people’s imaginations at the time was a(n) ___13___ of how this could be used to empty a ketchup bottle without shaking it vigorously.
So far, ketchup-makers have not ___14___ the idea. But the health and beauty industry, where products tend to be pricier than ketchup, is interested. A Swiss company ___15___ the technology to lessen the amount of material left stuck to the insides of pipes and vesseis in its factories when it is time for a clean-up.
LiquiGlidc’s deal with Colgate is, though, the firm’s first big break into a consumer business. The new toothnastc called Elixu, comes in three varicties: a formula tor whitening teeth, one for gum and enamel care and a “detox” ___16___ which, it is claimed, removes any ___17___ from the mouth. All are packaged in plastic tubes that can be emptied with ease.
To produce the slippery pipes and containers, a pattern is first ___18___ an them and then a suitably formulated liquid is ___19___. This fills the gaps in the texture, treating a surface across which gooey substances slide easily.
Besides pleasing customers who like to get their money’s worth, the new, slippery toothpaste tubes should help with recycling. Existing tubes are rarely recycled, not only because they have residue left inside them but also because they are usually made from a laminate of plastic and aluminum foil. ____20____ materials of this sort are hard to recycle, and therefore end up being dumped in landfills.
【答案】11. J 12. F
13. H 14. C
15. I 16. K
17. B 18. G
19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术在牙膏管生产中的应用。这种技术使用了超滑表面，使得牙膏管能够更容易地被清空，从而减少浪费，并有助于回收利用。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：美国消费品巨头高露洁棕榄公司采用了一种超滑表面的发明，生产出一种牙膏管，承诺将每一小块内容物都输送出来。根据下文“has taken up an invention in super-slippery surfaces to produce a toothpaste tube(采用了一种超滑表面的发明，生产出一种牙膏管)”并根据常识可知，高露洁棕榄公司是一家大型的消费品公司，giant“巨头”为名词，符合句意，故选J项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：同上。根据后文“deliver every last scrap of their contents(承诺将每一小块内容物都输送出来)”可知，这种牙膏管能将每一小块内容物都输送出来，promise“承诺”为动词，符合句意，故选F项。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：当时，许多人的想象力被一个演示所吸引，这个演示展示了如何不用猛烈摇晃就能把番茄酱瓶倒空。根据后文“how this could be used to empty a ketchup bottle without shaking it vigorously(如何不用猛烈摇晃就能把番茄酱瓶倒空)”可知，此处指的是一个展示如何使用这种技术来倒空番茄酱瓶的演示，demonstration含义为“演示”，名词，符合句意，故选H项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：到目前为止，番茄酱制造商还没有采用这个想法。根据前文“So far, ketchup-makers have not(到目前为止，番茄酱制造商还没有……)”以及下文“But the health and beauty industry, where products tend to be pricier than ketchup, is interested(但健康和美容行业对这一想法很感兴趣，因为这个行业的产品往往比番茄酱要贵)”可知，此处指的是番茄酱制造商还没有采用这个想法，embrace“采用”为动词，符合句意，空前有助动词have，应用过去分词。故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：一家瑞士公司采用了这项技术，以减少在清理时粘附在管道和容器内壁上的材料数量。根据后文“the technology to lessen the amount of material left stuck to the insides of pipes and vesseis in its factories when it is time for a clean-up(……这项技术，以减少在清理时粘附在管道和容器内壁上的材料数量)”可知，这家瑞士公司采用了这项技术来减少材料的数量，employ“采用”为动词，符合句意，故选I项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：新牙膏Elixir有三种类型：美白牙齿的配方，一种用于牙龈护理，还有一种“解毒”版本，据称可以清除口腔中的任何杂质。根据前文“a formula for whitening teeth, one for gum care and a ‘detox’(美白牙齿的配方，一种用于牙龈护理，还有一种“解毒”)”可知，此处指的是三种类型的牙膏中的一种，version“版本”为名词，符合句意，故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据后文“from the mouth(从嘴里)”可知，此处指的是清除口腔中的任何杂质，impurity“杂质”为名词，符合句意，故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了生产出光滑的管道和容器，首先在它们上施加一个图案，然后涂上适当配制的液体。根据前文“To produce the slippery pipes and containers, a pattern is first(为了生产出光滑的管道和容器，首先在它们上……一个图案)”可知，此处指的是在管道和容器上施加一个图案，impose“施加”为动词，符合句意，故选G项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：同上。根据前文“a suitably formulated liquid is(……适当配制的液体)”以及后文“This fills the gaps in the texture, treating a surface across which gooey substances slide easily.( 这填充了质地中的空隙，处理了一个表面，使得粘稠物质可以轻易地滑过)”可知，此处指的是涂上适当配制的液体，apply“涂抹”为动词，符合句意，故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种混合材料很难回收，因此最终会被倾倒在垃圾填埋场中。根据前文“Existing tubes are rarely recycled, not only because they have residue left inside them but also because they are usually made from a laminate of plastic and aluminum foil(现有的牙膏管很少被回收，不仅因为它们内部有残留物，还因为它们通常是由塑料和铝箔的层压制品制成的)”以及后文“materials of this sort are hard to recycle, and therefore end up being dumped in landfills.( 这类……材料很难回收，因此最终会被倾倒在垃圾填埋场中)”可知，此处指的是这类材料通常是由塑料和铝箔的层压制品制成的，是混合物，很难回收，mixed“混合的”为形容词，符合句意，故选E项。
II. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
On March 16th I left the offices of The Economist to head home. That was the last day when all editorial staff assembled in our London office. And, at the time of writing, no date for a return to the office is in ___21___
It is remarkable how quickly we have adapted. The newspaper has been written, edited and produced from couches and kitchen tables. January and February seem like an ancient era — the BC (before coronavirus) to the new AD (after ___22___).
The shift may ___23___ great workplace transformations in the 19th and 20th centuries, and it has been a much more sudden transition than occurred with factories, enabled by advanced economies that revolve around services instead of manufacturing. Back in the 1970s, when Britain adopted a three-day week (to commit a miners strike), there were power cub and TV stations had to close down early. This pandemic has not turned the lights ___24___
Not only that, it has made remote work seem both normal and acceptable. In the past employees who stayed home had to overcome the ___25___ that they were bunking off (偷懒). Now those who insist on being at the office sound self-important.
Things are ___26___, of course. Video calls Jack the spontaneity of a normal meeting; no off-the-cuff (即兴的) remarks to lighten the mood. Distance makes it difficult to generate camaraderie. Creativity is probably harder to foster. Experts say new ideas come from weak links in networks — i.e., people you meet occasionally. Such “ ___27___ collisions” have become rarer.
Yet ____28____ offices will not disappear, it is hard to imagine that working life will return to BC ways. For more than a century workers have stuffed themselves onto crowded trains and buses to get into the office. For the past two months they have not had to commute. ___29___, for their part, have maintained expensive offices in city centers because they needed to gather staff in one place. The rent is only part of the cost; there are the cleaning, lighting, printers, catering and security ____30____.
Another aspect of the AD era may be the disappearance of the five-day working week. Even before the pandemic many workers became used to taking phone calls or answering emails at the weekend. In the AD era, the ____31____ between home and working life, a useful way of relieving stress, will be even harder to sustain.
In future employees may work and take breaks when they please, with the company video call the only ____32____. The downside, however, is that the rhythm of life has been disrupted and new ____33____ are needed. Looking further out, the AD era may bring other changes. Some may decide to live in small towns where housing costs are lower, since they have no need to commute. Men will have ____34____ excuses to skip cleaning or child care if they are not disappearing to the office. In a sense, this is a(n) ____35____ to normal: until the 19th century most people worked at or close to their homes. But social historians may still regard 2020 as the start of a new age.
21. A. doubt B. sight C. mind D. hope
22. A. domestication B. transition C. isolation D. pandemic
23. A. affect B. shape C. arouse D. rival
24. A. on B. off C. over D. down
25. A. suspicion B. difficulty C. prejudice D. disadvantage
26. A. advancing B. reversing C. interfering D. missing
27. A. remote B. intense C. casual D. novel
28. A. now that B. in case C. even though D. as long as
29. A. Commuters B. Legislators C. Executives D. Employers
30. A. in demand B. beyond reach C. at issue D. on top
31. A. balance B. barrier C. connection D. conflict
32. A. fixture B. engagement C. priority D. interaction
33. A. perspectives B. routines C. regulations D. equivalents
34. A. better B. harder C. more D. fewer
35 A. access B. progress C. return D. contrast
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了《经济学人》杂志编辑团队在疫情期间居家办公的经历和变化。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，在撰写本文时，还看不到他重返办公室的日期。A. doubt怀疑；B. sight视野，视域；C. mind头脑，心智；D. hope希望。根据“no date for a return”可推知，重返办公室遥遥无期，看不到重返的日子；in sight“可以看见的”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份报纸是在沙发和厨房桌子上撰写、编辑和制作的。1月和2月似乎是一个古老的时代——BC(冠状病毒之前)到AD(居家之后)。A. domestication驯化，居家；B. transition过渡，转变；C. isolation隔离；D. pandemic大流行病。根据第一段中“ On March 16th I left the offices of The Economist to head home. That was the last day when all editorial staff assembled in our London office.”可知，作者从3月16日开始居家，所以1月和2月是两个不同时期的过渡期，从冠状病毒之前的状态(before coronavirus)转变为冠状病毒爆发后居家的状态，即after domestication。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变可与19世纪和20世纪的工作场所大变革相比，而且这种转变比工厂发生的转变要突然得多，这是由以服务业而不是制造业为中心的发达经济体实现的。A. affect影响；B. shape塑造，形成；C. arouse激起，引起；D. rival与……相匹敌，比得上。根据下文“great workplace transformations in the 19th and 20th centuries”可知，作者把这次工作方式的变革与19世纪和20世纪的工作场所大变革相提并论。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这场大流行并没有让“灯熄灭”。A. on开着地；B. off关掉；C. over向上；D. down朝下。根据上文“Back in the 1970s, when Britain adopted a three-day week (to commit a miners strike), there were power cub and TV stations had to close down early.”可知，20世纪七十年代的三天工作制让电力短缺，造成影响。结合句中“This pandemic has not”可推知，作者将现在的情形与之前的情况进行对比，居家办公这一变革并没有造成影响，用动词短语“turned the lights off”来比喻变革带来的不良影响。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去，居家办公的员工必须克服人们对他们偷懒的怀疑。A. suspicion怀疑；B. difficulty困难；C. prejudice偏见；D. disadvantage不利条件。根据上文“employees who stayed home”和“they were bunking off (偷懒)”可推知，居家员工有偷懒嫌疑，所以他们需要克服人们对他们的怀疑。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，有些东西不见了。A. advancing前进；B. reversing反转；C. interfering干扰；D. missing不在。根据下文“Video calls Jack the spontaneity of a normal meeting; no off-the-cuff (即兴的) remarks to lighten the mood. Distance makes it difficult to generate camaraderie. Creativity is probably harder to foster.”可知，居家办公还是造成一些东西的丢失。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样的“偶然相遇”已经变得越来越少了。A. remote遥远的；B. intense强烈的；C. casual偶然的；D. novel新颖的。根据上文“people you meet occasionally”可知，“偶然相遇”已经变得越来越少，meet occasionally与casual collisions是同义复现。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管办公室不会消失，也很难想象工作生活会回到BC(冠状病毒之前)方式。A. now that既然；B. in case以防万一；C. even though尽管；D. as long as只要。根据句意，“offices will not disappear”和“hard to imagine that working life will return to BC ways”之间是让步转折关系，用even though引导让步状语从句。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于雇主来说，他们在市中心设立了昂贵的办公室，因为他们需要把员工聚集在一个地方。A. Commuters通勤者；B. Legislators立法者；C. Executives执行官；D. Employers雇主。根据下文“maintained expensive offices in city centers because they needed to gather staff in one place”可知，这是雇主做的事情。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：租金只是费用的一部分；除此之外，还有清洁、照明、打印机、餐饮和保安。A. in demand需要；B. beyond reach超出范围；C. at issue在讨论中；D. on top另外，加之。根据上文“The rent is only part of the cost”和“the cleaning, lighting, printers, catering and security”可知，清洁、照明、打印机、餐饮和保安是除租金外的其它费用，用短语on top“另外，加之”，表补充。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在AD(居家之后)时代，家庭生活和工作生活之间的隔阂——一种缓解压力的有效方式——将更加难以维持。A. balance平衡；B. barrier隔阂；C. connection联系；D. conflict冲突。根据下文“a useful way of relieving stress”可推知，家庭生活和工作生活的隔离可以让人们得到适当的休息，是一缓解压力的有效方式。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：未来，员工可以在自己喜欢的时候工作和休息，公司的视频通话将是唯一的固定设备。A. fixture固定设备；B. engagement订婚，约会；C. priority优先事项；D. interaction互动。根据“In future”可推知，文中谈论的是未来的居家办公，所以“公司的视频通话”是公司和员工联系的唯一方式，比喻为唯一的“固定设备”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，不利的一面是，生活节奏被打乱了，需要新的常规。A. perspectives观点；B. routines常规；C. regulations规定；D. equivalents等价物。根据上文“the rhythm of life has been disrupted”可知，固有生活节奏被打乱，所以要建立新的常规。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果男人不去办公室，他们就没有理由不去打扫卫生或照顾孩子了。A. better更好的；B. harder更难的；C. more更多的；D. fewer更少的。根据下文“if they are not disappearing to the office”可知，男人如果不去办公室，不去打扫卫生或照顾孩子的理由更少了。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这是一种回归正常：直到19世纪，大多数人都在家里或离家很近的地方工作。A. access访问，进入；B. progress进步；C. return回来，回归；D. contrast对比。根据下文“until the 19th century most people worked at or close to their homes.”可知，19世纪前人们都是在家里或离家很近的地方工作，所以现在的居家办公是一种回归。故选C项。
Section B (22’)
Direction: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C’ and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that： A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.
In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （银金矿），objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.
Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.
"How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."
Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.
Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.
36. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.
B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.
C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.
D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.
37. The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to .
A. a kind of money that can exchange
B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied
C. a place to produce and polish shells
D. a factory that produces currency
38. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money
A. Reasonable. B. Imaginary.
C. Convenient. D. Inventive.
39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The History of Bitcoin
B. Shells Still Money
C. The Currency Is of Great Use
D. Some Shells
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了在太平洋的一些小岛上，贝壳至今被当作货币使用的情况。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“ some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum ”可知，世界上最早的一些硬币成分是一种天然的金银混合物。故选C。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。第五段中mint所在句的下一句提到“there's only one place where the shells… are made.” 岛上只有一个制作贝壳的地方；根据“just like（就像）”可知，“a mint”应该是指一个地方；定语从句“that creates coins”修饰a mint，由此可以猜测，a mint是制造货币的地方。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“but what is a pile of dollars Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.（但一堆美元又是什么呢 只是一张特殊印制的纸和麻，我们赋予其价值——但随着时间的推移，可能比这些贝壳更不耐用）”。由此可以推断， 作者认为将贝壳当作货币是合理的。故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到“money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common.”，说明不久以前，货币几乎都是在当地创造和使用的，物物交换很普遍；第三段提到“a specific type of shell still serves as currency”，在太平洋的小岛上，人们仍然在用特定类型的贝壳当作货币；第四、五段说明这些贝壳货币如何使用和制作的。由此可知，文章是介绍在太平洋的一些小岛上，至今仍然使用贝壳货币。因此文章标题应该为“Shells Still Money”。 故选B。
(B)
DON’T FORGET
POSTCODE YOUR PROPERTY
In only 9% of cases where something has been stolen is property returned.
Marked property can stop burglars because it’s harder for a thief to sell and can help the police to return it if found.
Mark items with some understandable information-showing your postcode and the number of your house or flat or the first two letters of its name-using a permanent etching tool or an ultraviolent marker pen. Only use UV marking when other methods would reduce the value of the object — because the mark can fade.
1. The first half of the postcode indicates your town and district, such as: NT 42 9.
2. The last 2 letters pinpoint one strect or part of a street, such as: NT 42 9WA
3. Mark your valuables using the postcode followed by your house number such as NT 42 9WA7
Take pictures of all valuable items like jewellery and silverware and write down the serial numbers of your TV, video, hi-fi, home computer and camera equipment, to help the police identify them should they be recovered. If you have many valuable items, fit a safe.
Ask your local police station for postcode property stickers to display in the front and back windows of your house.
BE A GOOD NEIGHBOUR
If you see anyone acting strangely in your neighborhood, call the police. There are now over 130,000 Neighborhood Watch Schemes in this country — why not join one Anyone can start up a Watch — call your police for details.
IF YOU ARE BURGLED
A secure home will reduce the chance of you getting burgled. But, if you get home and notice is of a break-in:
●Don’t go in or call out — the intruder could still be inside Go to a neighbors’ house to call the police CRIME PREVENTION ADVICE
All police forces have offices trained in crime prevention-contact your local station for advice. Some forces can arrange surveys of your home or workplace and recommend security improvements. This is a popular service — if there’s a waiting list, you may be sent an information pack so that you can do your own survey.
40. The passage talks mainly about .
A. how to beat the burglar
B. how to keep your valuables safe
C. how to live happily in a neighborhood
D. how to deal with police forces properly
41. Mary has marked her camera with “NJ 25 7PS 9” according to the suggestion given by the passage. What does the last number “9”refer to
A. Part of a street name. B. Her house number.
C. Postcode of acity. D. Her car plate number.
42. Which of the following is a suggestion given in the passage
A. Attach “postcode property” stickers to your valuables.
B. Keep silent if you sense your house has been broken into.
C. Tell your neighbor about anyone who behave strangely.
D. Design a survey to find out if your home needs improving.
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了如何保护个人财产安全，以及在遇到入室盗窃时应如何应对。文章还介绍了邻里守望计划，呼吁人们关注社区安全，共同预防犯罪。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章标题“Don’T FORGET POSTCODE YOUR PROPERTY(别忘了你房产的邮政编码)”和第一段“In only 9% of cases where something has been stolen is property returned.(只有9%的被盗物品被归还)”以及第二段“Marked property can stop burglars because it’s harder for a thief to sell and can help the police to return it if found.(有标记的财产可以阻止窃贼，因为小偷很难卖掉，如果被发现，可以帮助警察归还)”及下文具体介绍可知，文章主要讲述了如何保护个人财产安全。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“1. The first half of the postcode indicates your town and district, such as: NT 42 9. 2. The last 2 letters pinpoint one strect or part of a street, such as: NT 42 9WA. 3. Mark your valuables using the postcode followed by your house number such as NT 42 9WA7(邮政编码的前半部分表示你的城镇和地区，例如：NT 42 9；最后两个字母指明某条街道或街道的某一部分，例如：NT 42 9WA；使用邮政编码和门牌号标记你的贵重物品，如 NT 42 9WA7)”可知，在物品上标记的内容应该是邮政编码后面跟着房屋号码。由此推知，Mary在相机上标记的“NJ 25 7PS 9”中，“9”指的是她的房屋号码。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“BE A GOOD NEIGHBOUR(做一个好邻居)”部分的“If you see anyone acting strangely in your neighborhood, call the police.(如果你看到附近有人行为异常，应该报警)”可知，如果你看到附近有人行为异常，应该报警。由此可知，C 选项“Tell your neighbor about anyone who behave strangely.(告诉你的邻居任何行为异常的人)”符合题意。故选C。
(C)
Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person’s carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.
How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, jails and prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person. In fact, according to a study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the lowest carbon footprint that can be calculated for a person living in the US is 8.5 tons. And shockingly, this carbon footprint corresponds to a homeless person who sleeps in public shelters and eats in soup kitchens.
While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a “rebound effect” occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his or her carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he or she saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO2 emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person’s carbon footprint by making it bigger!
Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long-distance travel and buying fewer smartphones, tablets, and MP3 players that have large energy costs to produce and deliver. Another way to lower the average Americans US carbon footprint is to add a CO2 tax on food, housing, and transportation, and most Americans don’t want their taxes raised. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.
43. The first two paragraphs are intended to____.
A. show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles
B. argue against the world’s misinterpretation of US lifestyles
C. reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are
D. stress the impact of carbon footprints on American peoples life
44. Which of the following is an example of the “rebound effect” (paragraph 3)
A. Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week
B. Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money
C. Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.
D. David had a good knowledge of what harm CO2 emissions would do.
45. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Investment in basic government services should be reduced.
B. A homeless person’s carbon footprint is not easy to calculate.
C. The less a person spends, the more environmentally friendly he is.
D. A CO2 tax has already been added on food, housing and transportation.
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. How Can We Change Our Lifestyles
B. Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller
C. Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important
D. What Makes Contributions to Green house Gas Emissions
【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人的碳足迹远远超出全球平均值，严重影响环境，作者希望美国人能减少碳足迹，并给出了自己的建议。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. (虽然全球平均每人每年的碳足迹约为4吨，但美国人每年每人排放的温室气体约为20吨。与其他国家相比，在美国，即使是那些使用最少能源的人，其碳排放量仍是全球人均排放量的两倍)”和第二段中“In fact, according to a study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the lowest carbon footprint that can be calculated for a person living in the US is 8.5 tons. And shockingly, this carbon footprint corresponds to a homeless person who sleeps in public shelters and eats in soup kitchens.(根据麻省理工学院的一项研究，一个美国人可以计算出的最低碳足迹是8.5吨。令人震惊的是，这个碳足迹对应的是一个无家可归的人，他睡在公共避难所，在施粥处吃饭)”可知，前两段旨在揭示了美国人的碳足迹有多大。故选C项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The MIT study revealed that a ‘rebound effect’ occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his or her carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he or she saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. (麻省理工学院的研究表明，当一个人努力减少他或她的碳足迹时，就会出现‘反弹效应’。以一个人为例，他故意选择购买混合动力汽车而不是大型SUV，以节省汽油成本。通常那个人会用他或她存下来的钱去做别的事情，例如，坐长途飞机旅行。在这种情况下，一次长途飞机旅行产生的二氧化碳排放量比驾驶一辆大型SUV还要多)”可知，“反弹效应”是指在一个方面节约能源，却在另一方面大量消耗。由此推知，“玛丽节食一周后吃了一顿大餐”为“反弹效应”。故选A项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“And, not surprisingly, a person’s carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases. (而且，毫不奇怪，一个人的碳足迹随着他或她收入的增加而增加)”和最后一段中“According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long-distance travel and buying fewer smartphones, tablets, and MP3 players that have large energy costs to produce and deliver.(根据这项研究，这是可能的，但这需要改变生活方式，比如放弃长途旅行，少买智能手机、平板电脑和MP3播放器，因为这些产品的生产和运输都需要大量的能源成本)”可推知，一个人花钱越少，他就越环保。故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each pared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. (虽然全球平均每人每年的碳足迹约为4吨，但美国人每年每人排放的温室气体约为20吨。与其他国家相比，在美国，即使是那些使用最少能源的人，其碳排放量仍是全球人均排放量的两倍)”和最后一段中“Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints (美国人能减少他们的碳足迹吗？)”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了美国人的碳足迹远远超出全球平均值，严重影响环境，作者希望美国人能减少碳足迹，并给出了自己的建议。由此可知，B“我们能让我们的碳足迹减小吗？”符合文章主题，故选B项。
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We all have friends that need a little advice, but one of the problems with those types of conversations is that it’s really easy to come off as a know-it-all when you’re offering help. When you do that, nobody’s going to listen.
____47____ But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation. I talked with relationship and family therapist Roger S. Gil to get some advice for dealing with these situations.
Obviously not everyone is looking for your advice. Before you go offering up your point of view, make sure they’re interested in hearing it. As Roger Gil points out, often friends aren’t looking for you to solve a problem. They just want you to listen and maybe ask some questions. So, ask if they’d like to hear your input or insights on a problem, but also ask questions about why thee feel a certain way. If they say “no”, let them finish their story and listen politely.____48____Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want). Sometimes the best way to figure something out is to do it on their own.
Speaking of listening. It’s also a good idea to figure out right away what your friends want from you. Gil describes this as differentiating between opinions, expert advice, and being a “sounding board”. Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t. ____49____
Now that you know whether or not your friends or family actually want your advice, it’s time to learn how to advise without sounding like a know-it-all. This is a lot harder than you might think. As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious (自以为是的) is to avoid “You should” statements.____50____ By offering up your opinion clearly defined as your opinion, you remove the implication that “you know best”.
A. Definitely don’t act like you’ve been in a situation you haven’t been in.
B. Different situations require different approaches so we need to know what we should contribute.
C. Gil also adds that even when you know the answer to something, you might want to keep your mouth shut.
D. Gil’s advice, seems obvious, but it’s incredibly easy to get on your high-horse and use “You should” if you’re not careful.
E. When you have a friend who’s stuck in trouble, it’s normal to want to provide some type of insight to get them out of it.
F. However, the key is to make sure you stay in “listening mode” for as long as possible, and you don’t push your advice when it isn’t wanted.
【答案】47. E 48. C 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了当朋友向我们寻求建议时，我们应该如何做。
【47题详解】
根据下文“But it’s not an easy conversation to have someone, especially when you know all the extenuating circumstances of the situation.(但是，与人交谈并不容易，尤其是当你了解所有情有可原的情况时)”中“But”可知，前后句是转折关系，且此段应是对第一段内容的展开，E项“当你有一个陷入困境的朋友时，想要提供某种类型的见解来帮助他们摆脱困境是很正常的。”符合题意。故选E项。
【48题详解】
下文“Just wait for them to finish complaining before offering advice (or asking if they want).(只要等他们抱怨结束，再提出建议（或者问他们是否想要）)”中“wait for them to finish complaining”和C选项中“keep your mouth shut”相呼应。由此可知，C项“吉尔还补充说，即使你知道某件事的答案，你也可能想要保持沉默。”符合题意。故选C项。
【49题详解】
上文“Essentially, don’t pretend like you know something you don’t.(从本质上讲，不要假装你知道一些你不知道的事情)”中的“don’t pretend like”和A选项中“don’t act like”是并列的两个建议。由此可知，A项“绝对不要表现得好像你遇到了从未遇到过的情况。”符合题意。故选A项。
【50题详解】
上文“ As Gil points out, one way to offer advice without sounding pretentious is to avoid ‘You should’ statements.(正如 Gil 所指出的，在不听起来自命不凡的情况下提供建议的一种方法是避免“你应该”的陈述)”中的“‘You should’ statements”和D选项中的“use ‘You should’”是相对应的。由此可知，D项“吉尔的建议似乎是显而易见的，但如果你不小心的话，你很容易趾高气扬地说“你应该”。”符合题意。故选D项。
IV. Summary Writing(10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Light the Cities of the Future
A previously unlit cycle path in the Netherlands has recently drawn our attention. It has been resurfaced with a material that consists of thousands of shining stones in order to create a well-lit route. The Van Gogh Path, so called after the artist who lived in the town of Nuenen in 1883, combines the traditional with the contemporary in a gesture that acknowledge ledges Van Gingh’ masterpiece The Starry Night, but also shows the way ahead for city lighting. The Van Gogh Path is not a single case; it is not difficult to foresee a time when natural materials could help light the cities of the future.
Why should we care about city lighting What’s wrong with current electrical city lighting anyway Well, the problem that it causes is two-fold. First, of course, electrical lighting in most cities comes from non-renewable resources. According to the International Energy Agency, almost 20% of global electricity is consumed for lighting, which is responsible for high levels of carbon emissions. But there’s also the belief that electrical light itself is a form of pollution by destroying our view of the night sky.
From the above reasons, then, it seems wise to investigate other approaches. The city of Glasgow is attempting to use intelligent street lighting to monitor how citizens interact with the urban landscape and minimize electrical consumption and thus emissions. This “Smart City approach” is seen by many as the way of the future, but some designers aren’t convinced. They are pioneering the altogether more original approach of using materials from the natural world in order to replace electrical light entirely. They believe that this new “technology” can one day completely replace microchips and digital systems as we find better ways of making use of the light-producing mechanisms (制) that already exist in the natural world.
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【答案】The passage discusses the innovation in city lighting by introducing the Van Gogh Path in the Netherlands, which uses luminous stones for illumination. It highlights the environmental and aesthetic issues with current electrical lighting and explores alternatives such as intelligent street lighting and natural materials to create a more sustainable and visually appealing urban environment.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先介绍了荷兰一条新铺设的发光自行车道——梵高之路，它使用了数千颗发光石来照明，以此引出城市照明的未来趋势。接着，文章讨论了当前城市照明存在的问题，包括能源消耗和光污染，并提出了智能街道照明和利用自然材料作为替代方案。最后，文章展望了这些新技术可能完全取代现有微芯片和数字系统的未来。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The Van Gogh Path in the Netherlands has been resurfaced with luminous stones to create a well-lit route.
②Electrical lighting in most cities comes from non-renewable resources and contributes to high levels of carbon emissions.
③Electrical light is considered a form of pollution that destroys our view of the night sky.
④Alternatives such as intelligent street lighting and natural materials are being explored to create a more sustainable urban environment.
2. 缜密构思
将第①要点作为引入，第②和第③要点整合讨论现有城市照明的问题，第④要点作为解决方案和未来展望。
3. 遣词造句
The Van Gogh Path, a luminous cycle path in the Netherlands, represents an innovative approach to city lighting.
Current electrical city lighting is problematic due to its reliance on non-renewable resources and the pollution it causes.
Alternatives like intelligent street lighting and the use of natural materials are being considered for a more sustainable and visually pleasing urban environment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage discusses the innovation in city lighting by introducing the Van Gogh Path in the Netherlands, which uses luminous stones for illumination. 运用了which引导的定语从句对第一段进行了总结。其中prep+doing的表达非常实用。
[高分句型2] It highlights the environmental and aesthetic issues with current electrical lighting and explores alternatives such as intelligent street lighting and natural materials to create a more sustainable and visually appealing urban environment. 运用了such as作状语对第二段和第三段进行了总结。其中遣词造句非常高级。
V. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在场的股东们都反对实施这项新出台的政策。(object) (汉译英)
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【答案】The shareholders present object to the implementation of the new policy.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词和短语。分析句意可知，本句时态可用一般现在时来陈述一般情况。表示“在场的股东们”可用The shareholders present；表示“反对某事”可用短语object to sth；表示“新出台的政策”可用短语the implementation of the new policy。故答案为The shareholders present object to the implementation of the new policy.
53. 早秋时节，可以在超市或者水果摊买到诸如桃子等甜蜜水果。(when, available) (汉译英)
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【答案】Such sweet fruits as peaches are available in supermarkets or fruit stalls when it is early autumn.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、形容词和固定短语。表示“诸如桃子等甜蜜水果”应用短语such sweet fruits as peaches；表示“可以买到”用单词available，作系动词be的表语，句子陈述事实用一般现在时，系动词用are；表示“在超市或水果摊”用 in supermarkets or fruit stalls；表示“早秋时节”用when引导的时间状语从句when it is early autumn。故翻译为Such sweet fruits as peaches are available in supermarkets or fruit stalls when it is early autumn。
54. 约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了，还扭伤了脚裸，他似乎正对自己失去信心。(seem) (汉译英)
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【答案】John seems to be losing confidence in himself after failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、不定式和介词短语。分析句子可知，“约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了，还扭伤了脚裸”是时间状语，用介词after构成介词短语作时间状语，“两次跑步测试没有通过”用fail the running tests twice表示，“扭伤了脚裸”用twisting his ankle表示，用并列连词and连接，在介词after后用动名词形式failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle作宾语；“他似乎正对自己失去信心”是句子主干，主语“他”即“约翰”，用专有名词John，“似乎”作谓语，用系动词seem，描述主语现在的状态用一般现在时，单数形式，“正对自己失去信心”作表语，用不定式短语to be losing confidence in himself，其中使用了不定式的进行式，表示动作正在发生。综上， 全句译为：John seems to be losing confidence in himself after failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle.
55. 只有在经历了人生中的起起伏伏之后，他才意识到他本应该树立切合实际的目标，而不是好高骛远。（Only）（汉译英）
【答案】Only after experiencing the ups and downs of life, did he realize that he should have set practical goals instead of being over ambitious.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句及虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。表示“只有”用Only；表示“在……之后”用介词after；表示“经历”用动名词experiencing；表示“生活中的起起伏伏”用the ups and downs of life；Only放句首，句子要用部分倒装，故表示“他才意识到”用半倒装did he realize that；表示“他本应该树立切合实际的目标”用虚拟语气he should have set practical goals，表示对过去的虚拟。表示“而不是”用instead of，其后用动名词。表示“好高骛远”用being over ambitious。故答案为Only after experiencing the ups and downs of life, did he realize that he should have set practical goals instead of being over ambitious.
