湖北省“腾 云”联盟2023—2024学年度下学期5月联考
高二英语试卷
考试时间: 2024年5月23日上午8:00——10:00 试卷满分: 150分
祝考试顺利
注意事项：
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4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When will the woman most probably go to Greece
A. Next day. B. Next week. C. Next month.
2. What is the woman probably
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A coach.
3. Where will the woman hold a party today
A. In the backyard. B. In the garage. C. In the living room.
4. What is the woman doing
A. Packing bags. B. Waiting for the man. C. Doing some shopping.
5. How will the woman get to Chinatown
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By underground.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is wrong with the woman's car
A. It often breaks down. B. It often gets damp. C. It can't get started very well.
7. How does the woman deal with her car at night
A. She leaves it in her yard.
B. She parks it in the garage.
C. She puts it in a parking lot.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To change seats with him.
B. To make friends with him.
C. To ask him to make way for her.
9. What will the man do next
A. Read a newspaper. B. Listen to music. C. Buy some candies.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How many subjects will the woman have each term
A. Twelve. B. Four. C. Eight.
11. What is the woman's opinion about the registration form
A. It includes much paperwork.
B. It is unnecessary to complete it by hand.
C. There seems to be something wrong with it.
12. What does the man advise the woman to do
A. Join the Student Union.
B. Complete the form before 5:15.
C. Fill out the form in the computer lab.
听第9段材料. 回答第13至16题。
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Driver and passenger.
B. Club owner and customer.
C. Interviewer and interviewee.
14. What can the guests do on the bus
A. Cook food. B. Have cold drinks. C. Dance with others.
15. What are the guests expected to do for parties
A. Get dressed suitably. B. Bring their VIP cards. C. Book clubs in advance.
16. What does the man suggest the guests do before a fancy-dress party
A. Control the number of people.
B. Inform him of the booking time.
C. Avoid wearing jeans and sports shoes.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A friend. C. A program.
18. What made Susan think that money was important
A. Her father couldn't afford a house.
B. Her father risked his life to save his money.
C. Her father was always worried about money.
19. What did Susan do when she grew up
A. A businesswoman. B. An advisor. C. A professional writer.
20. What is the content of the book
A. How to manage a huge company effectively.
B. How to make the best use of money in everyday life.
C. How to achieve financial success and personal happiness.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome
This course explores the concepts and algorithms(算法) at the foundation of modern artificial intelligence, diving into the ideas that give rise to technologies like game-playing engines, handwriting recognition, and machine translation. Through hands-on projects, students gain exposure to the theory behind graph search algorithms, classification, and other topics in artificial intelligence and machine learning as they incorporate them into their own Python programs. By course’s end, students emerge with experience in libraries for machine learning as well as knowledge of artificial intelligence principles that enable them to design intelligent systems of their own.
Requirement
CS50x or at least one year of experience with Python.
How to Take this Course
Even if you are not a student at Harvard, you are welcome to “take” this course for free via this OpenCourseWare by working your way through the course’s seven weeks of material. If you’d like to submit the course’s seven projects for feedback, be sure to create an edX account, if you haven’t already. Ask questions along the way via any of the course’s communities!
If interested in a verified(认证的) certificate from edX enroll at cs50.edx.org/ai instead.
If interested in a professional certificate from edX, enroll at cs50.edx.org programs/ai instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Extension School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/extension/csci/e/80 instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Summer School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/summer/csci/s/80 instead.
You are free to:
Share—copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt—remix, transform, and build upon the material
1. What does the course focus on
A. Diving into the ideas that give rise to handwriting recognition.
B Teaching the concepts and algorithms of artificial intelligence.
C. Offering learning or teaching materials on artificial intelligence.
D. Providing students with experience in library for machine learning,
2. Who will enroll at cs50.edx.org/programs/ai
A. A student interested in an authorized certificate from edX.
B. A student interested in a professional certificate from edX.
C. A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Extension School.
D. A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Summer School.
3. What can we learn from this passage
A. Students can integrate the materials into their own program.
B. Teachers can use the course’s materials without restriction.
C. Any student without related experience can take this course.
D. Students must create a new edX account for taking the course.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一门课程的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This course explores the concepts and algorithms(算法) at the foundation of modern artificial intelligence, diving into the ideas that give rise to technologies like game-playing engines, handwriting recognition, and machine translation.(本课程探讨现代人工智能基础上的概念和算法，深入探讨游戏引擎、手写识别和机器翻译等技术的产生理念。)”可知，课程教授人工智能的概念和算法。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“How to Take this Course”下面的“If interested in a professional certificate from edX, enroll at cs50.edx.org programs/ai instead.(如果对edX的专业证书感兴趣，请改为登录cs50.edX.org programs/ai。)”可知，对edX的专业证书感兴趣的学生，可以登录cs50.edX.org programs/ai。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Through hands-on projects, students gain exposure to the theory behind graph search algorithms, classification, and other topics in artificial intelligence and machine learning as they incorporate them into their own Python programs.(通过实践项目，学生们将图形搜索算法、分类以及人工智能和机器学习中的其他主题融入到自己的Python程序中，从而接触到这些主题背后的理论。)”可知，学生可以在实践中将图形搜索算法、分类以及其他主题融入到自己的程序中。故选A。
B
For Mother’s Day I asked for one thing: a house cleaning service. Bathrooms and floors specifically, windows if the extra expense was reasonable. The gift , for me, was not so much in the cleaning itself but the fact that for once I would not be in charge of the household office work. Iwould not have to make the calls, get multiple quotes, research and ve t each service, arrange payment and schedule the appointment. The real gift I wanted was to be relieved of the emotional labor of a single task that had been ringing at the back of my mind. The clean house would simply be a bonus.
My husband waited for me to change my mind to an “easier” gift than housecleaning, something he could one-click order on Amazon. The day before Mother’s Day, disappointed by my unwavering desire, he called a single service, decided they were too expensive, and vowed to clean the bathrooms himself. He still gave me the choice, of course. He told me the high dollar amount of completing the cleaning services I requested and asked if I still wanted him to book it.
What I wanted was for him to ask friends on Facebook for a recommendation, call four or five more services, do the emotional labor I would have done if the job had fallen to me. I knew exactly how exhausting it was going to be. That’s why I asked my husband to do it as a gift.
“In general, we classify gender emotions in our society by continuing to emphasize the false idea that women are always able to feel, express, and manage our emotions better than men,” says Dr. Lisa Huebner, a sociologist of gender. “This is not to say that some individuals do not manage emotion better than others as part of their own individual personality, but I would argue that we still have no firm evidence that this ability is biologically determined by sex. At the same time, we find all kinds of ways in society to ensure that girls and women are responsible for emotions and, then, men get a pass.”
4. What can we learn about the author’s husband from the first two paragraphs
A. He was in charge of arranging housework. B. He didn’t know what the author really wanted.
C. He would buy a gift to the author from Amazon. D. He thought housecleaning service cost-effective.
5. Why did the author ask her husband to call a house cleaning service
A. To complete her reservation service piled up. B. To get a clean house without doing it herself.
C. To ease the guilt over not doing her housework. D. To get away from the emotional labor involved.
6. What does the underlined word “unwavering” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Natural. B. Secret. C. Firm. D. Humble.
7. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Dr. Lisa Huebner
A. To show it unfair to leave the emotional labor to women.
B. To show that some individuals can manage emotions better.
C. To show that naturally women are responsible for emotions.
D. To show that emotional ability is biologically determined by sex,
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者要求丈夫订购一次家政服务作为母亲节礼物，而丈夫则认为太贵了，作者还是坚持自己的要求。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The real gift I wanted was to be relieved of the emotional labor of a single task that had been ringing at the back of my mind. The clean house would simply be a bonus.(我真正想要的礼物是，从一直萦绕在我脑海中的单一任务的情感劳动中解脱出来。干净的房子只是额外的奖励)”以及第二段“My husband waited for me to change my mind to an “easier” gift than housecleaning, something he could one-click order on Amazon.(我丈夫等着我改变主意，选择比打扫房间更“容易”的礼物，他可以在亚马逊上一键订购)”可知，作者的丈夫不知道作者真正想要什么。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“What I wanted was for him to ask friends on Facebook for a recommendation, call four or five more services, do the emotional labor I would have done if the job had fallen to me. I knew exactly how exhausting it was going to be. That’s why I asked my husband to do it as a gift.(我想让他在Facebook上请朋友推荐，再给四五个服务机构打电话，做一些如果工作落在我身上我就会做的情绪劳动。我很清楚这会有多累。这就是为什么我让我丈夫做这个作为礼物)”可知，作者让她的丈夫打电话给房屋清洁服务是为了摆脱情绪劳动。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“My husband waited for me to change my mind to an “easier” gift than housecleaning, something he could one-click order on Amazon.(我丈夫等着我改变主意，选择比打扫房间更“容易”的礼物，他可以在亚马逊上一键订购)”；划线词上文“The day before Mother’s Day, disappointed by my(母亲节的前一天，被我的……弄得失望)”以及“ he called a single service, decided they were too expensive, and vowed to clean the bathrooms himself(他给一家服务公司打了电话，觉得太贵了，就发誓要自己打扫浴室)”可知，丈夫对作者坚定的要求感到失望了，故划线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This is not to say that some individuals do not manage emotion better than others as part of their own individual personality, but I would argue that we still have no firm evidence that this ability is biologically determined by sex. At the same time, we find all kinds of ways in society to ensure that girls and women are responsible for emotions and, then, men get a pass.(这并不是说有些人没有比其他人更好地管理自己的情绪，但我认为，我们仍然没有确凿的证据表明这种能力是由性别决定的。与此同时，我们在社会上找到了各种各样的方法来确保女孩和女人对情感负责，然后，男人就可以放行了)”可知，作者提到Lisa Huebner博士的目的是为了表明把情感劳动留给女性是不公平的。故选A。
C
The existing coffee market is dominated by Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out. Dr Davis and his colleagues report that they have tracked down a type of wild coffee which is both pleasant to taste and tolerant of higher temperatures.
Dr Davis, however, came across a paper written in 1834 by George Don, a Scottish scientist, which described a species from warmer areas. Don named it stenophylla, and wrote that it had a flavour superior to arabica’s, and it was farmed up until the 1920s, after which canephora, which had higher yields, took over. Stenophylla was then gradually forgotten.
The crucial question was, was Don’s praise to its flavour justified To find out, Dr Davis arranged a competition involving 18 professional coffee tasters who assessed, in a blind comparison, a set of samples that included stenophylla, two types of arabica and one of canephora.
Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica. It had nearly the same body as the others, and lacked an unpleasant, earthy bitterness found in the Brazilian arabica and the Indonesian canephora. When asked if what they were tasting was arabica, the judges said “yes” 81% of the time for samples of stenophylla, compared with 98% for the arabica from Ethiopia. They identified the Brazilian arabica as such only 44% of the time, and misidentified the canephora as arabica on7% of occasions.
Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance.
8. What is the purpose of the research into a type of wild coffee
A. To promote the habit of drinking coffee. B. To deal with global warming problems.
C. To help coffee farmers make more profits. D. To save coffee production from global warming.
9. According to 18 professional coffee tasters, what can we learn about the four types of coffee
A. Ethiopian arabica is more appealing than Brazilian arabica.
B. Indonesian canephora tasted best among four types of coffee.
C. Stenophylla has less taste of bitterness than two types of arabica.
D Stenophylla has a more favourable acidity than Ethiopian arabica.
10. What are presented in the last paragraph
A. Historical factors. B. Theoretical bases.
C. Statistical analyses. D. Practical solutions.
11. Which section of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from
A. Business. B. Agriculture.
C. Finance and economics. D. Science and technology.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过研究一种野生咖啡，来使咖啡生产免受全球变暖的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out.(不幸的是，咖啡树在相当狭窄的温度范围内生长得最好，因此它们的种植受到气候变化的威胁。但英国的亚伦·戴维斯在《自然植物》杂志上发表的一项偶然发现可能会提供一条出路)”可知，研究一种野生咖啡的目的是使咖啡生产免受全球变暖的影响。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica.(Stenophylla表现较好。它被评为比巴西阿拉比卡咖啡和印度尼西亚canephora有更高的水果品质，也有更有利的酸度和更复杂的风味，尽管比埃塞俄比亚阿拉比卡咖啡略逊一筹)”可知，埃塞俄比亚阿拉比卡咖啡比巴西阿拉比卡咖啡更有吸引力。故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance.( Stenophylla确实尝起来像阿拉比卡咖啡，而且比阿拉比卡咖啡或canephora耐更高的温度。这就开启了两种可能的行动方案。一种是直接种植，尽管这可能会遇到产量问题，而产量问题正是导致人们放弃种植的首要原因。二是与现有品种杂交，使其耐热性成为高产品种)”可知，最后一段介绍了实用的解决方案。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain,published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out.(不幸的是，咖啡树在相当狭窄的温度范围内生长得最好，因此它们的种植受到气候变化的威胁。但英国的亚伦·戴维斯在《自然植物》杂志上发表的一项偶然发现可能会提供一条出路)”以及文章主要说明了科学家通过研究一种野生咖啡，来使咖啡生产免受全球变暖的影响。可知，这篇文章最有可能摘自杂志的农业部分。故选B。
D
Of the many memorable things about Stephen Hawking, perhaps the most memorable of all was his conversation. The disease that confined him to a wheelchair also stopped him talking, so instead a computer produced what became a world-famous voice.
It was, though, a laborious process. Hawking had to move a muscle in his cheek to control a computer that helped him build up sentences, word by word, struggling to produce about ten words a minute. A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralyzed (瘫痪的) person directly and then translate those readings into speech. And a study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique. Speaking requires the precise control of almost 100 muscles in the lips, jaw, tongue and throat to produce the characteristic breaths and sounds that make up sentences. By measuring the brain signals that control these throat muscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to produce speech accurately.
The volunteers for Dr Chang’s study were five people with epilepsy (癫痫) who had electrodes (电极) put into their brains as part of their treatment. He and his colleagues used these electrodes to record the volunteers’ brain activity while those volunteers spoke several hundred sentences out loud. Specifically, the researchers tracked activity in parts of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles of the throat.
To transform those signals into speech they did two things. First, they trained a computer program to recognize what the signals meant. They did this by feeding the program with output from the electrodes and with representations of the shapes the throat adopts when speaking the test sentences—data known from decades of study of voices. Then, when the program had learned the relevant associations, they used it to translate electrode signals into throat movements, and thus into sound.
Restoring speech is a more complex task than moving bodies—but sufficiently similar in principle to give hope to those now in a position similar to that once endured by the late Dr Hawking.
12. What is the problem of the traditional method for the speechless to produce sentences
A. It is incredible. B. It is time-consuming.
C. It is impractical. D. It is unrecognizable.
13. How could the brain signals be interpreted into speech
A. By learning representation of the test sentences.
B. By translating electrode signals into sound directly.
C. By feeding the program with output from the electrodes.
D. By integrating brain signals, throat movement, and sound.
14. What is the author’s attitude towards Dr Chang’s studies
A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Dismissive.
15. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. How to produce artificial speech. B. How to interpret brain signals.
C. How to give voice to the speechless. D. How to ease human conversation.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家正在研究一项新技术，这项技术能够通过植入大脑的电极感知人脑活动，再通过电脑程序合成语言，以帮助那些无法说话的人进行交流。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was, though, a laborious process. Hawking had to move a muscle in his cheek to control a computer that helped him build up sentences, word by word, struggling to produce about ten words a minute.(然而，这是一个费力的过程。霍金不得不移动脸颊上的一块肌肉来控制一台电脑，这台电脑帮助他逐字地造句，努力每分钟产生大约十个单词。)”可知，传统的方法非常费力，每分钟大约产生十个单词，由此可推测出，这非常耗时。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By measuring the brain signals that control these throat muscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to produce speech accurately.(通过测量控制这些喉咙肌肉的大脑信号，张博士已经能够使用计算机准确地产生语音。)”可知，通过测量控制喉咙肌肉的大脑信号，计算机可以准确地产生语音，即将大脑信号、喉咙肌肉和声音相结合。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Restoring speech is a more complex task than moving bodies—but sufficiently similar in principle to give hope to those now in a position similar to that once endured by the late Dr Hawking.(恢复语言是一项比移动身体更复杂的任务，但在原理上足够相似，可以给那些现在处于与已故霍金博士相似情况的人带来希望。)”可知，作者认为恢复语言这项研究可以给那些无法说话的人带来希望，由此可推测出，作者对张博士的研究持支持态度。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralyzed(瘫痪的) person directly and then translate those readings into speech. And a study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique. (更好的沟通方式是直接阅读瘫痪者的大脑，然后将这些阅读转化为语音。加州大学旧金山分校神经外科医生张复伦本周在《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究描述了这种技术。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是将大脑信号转换成语音的这项技术，让无法说话的人能够与人交流，由此可推测出，C项“如何让无法说话的人发出声音”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The majority of New Year’s resolutions are abandoned after three months. It is human nature to pursue the path of least resistance, especially when you are tired. If you do not intentionally and consistently develop healthy habits, you will automatically fall for unhealthy ones. Obtaining the benefit of healthy habits requires some willpower, which is the ability to resist short-term temptations for long-term benefits. However, willpower is not enough. ____16____
Say goodbye to perfection. We often have a hard time sticking with new habits because we set unrealistic expectations. As high-achievers, we expect a workout to last an entire hour and include a set of workouts. ___17___ The truth is that some exercise is better than none. Even a 15-minute walk, or some light stretching is better than zero physical activity. Don’t let perfectionism get in the way of making progress.
Increase your support system. Establishing a new behavior is easier when loved ones are supporting you. Having a support system can help you stay the course even when you are lower on willpo wer because others can remind you of the progress you have made. It is also harder to be lazy when someone is watching. ____18____
Keep it light. It is hard to stick with a new habit if it is too painful. As an example, many people struggle to keep up with an exercise program because it requires great effort and energy. The idea of showing up day after day for more muscle soreness can be discouraging. Try to keep your new habit light. ____19____ This makes it more likely you will look forward to it.
Give yourself some grace. ____20____ Be patient and realistic with yourself. Practice self-kindness when you experience shortcomings along the way. Beating yourself up leads to emotional pain that makes it more likely that you fall for old unhealthy habits.
A. Building a new habit can take months.
B. You also need systems to help healthy habits stick.
C. Anything less does not count as exercise in our minds.
D. Healthy habits can serve as an anchor to navigate life’s challenges.
E. Instead of focusing on results, focus on enjoying the new behavior.
F. We deeply care about what others think of us and don’t want to let them down.
G. It is the consistent practice of healthy habits over time that leads to positive results.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些有助于坚持习惯的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The majority of New Year’s resolutions are abandoned after three months. It is human nature to pursue the path of least resistance, especially when you are tired. If you do not intentionally and consistently develop healthy habits, you will automatically fall for unhealthy ones. Obtaining the benefit of healthy habits requires some willpower, which is the ability to resist short-term temptations for long-term benefits. However, willpower is not enough. (大多数新年决心在三个月后就被放弃了。追求阻力最小的道路是人的本性，尤其是当你累了的时候。如果你没有有意识地、持续地养成健康的习惯，你就会自然而然地养成不健康的习惯。获得健康习惯的好处需要一些意志力，这是为了长期利益而抵制短期诱惑的能力。然而，光有意志力是不够的。)”以及后文提供了坚持习惯的方法可知。B选项“你还需要一些系统来帮助你坚持健康的习惯。”符合语境，故选B。
17题详解】
根据上文“As high-achievers, we expect a workout to last an entire hour and include a set of workouts.(作为高成就者，我们期望一次锻炼持续整整一个小时，并包括一系列锻炼。)”可知，空处应承接上文，针对上文的锻炼时间提出观点。C选项“在我们的思想中，任何少于这个的都不能算作锻炼。”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Increase your support system. Establishing a new behavior is easier when loved ones are supporting you. Having a support system can help you stay the course even when you are lower on willpower because others can remind you of the progress you have made. It is also harder to be lazy when someone is watching.(增加你的支持系统。当你爱的人支持你的时候，建立一种新的行为会更容易。拥有一个支持系统可以帮助你坚持下去，即使你的意志力较低，因为其他人可以提醒你所取得的进步。当有人在看的时候，你也很难偷懒。)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，说明支持系统的作用。F选项“我们非常在意别人对我们的看法，不想让他们失望。”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Keep it light. It is hard to stick with a new habit if it is too painful. As an example, many people struggle to keep up with an exercise program because it requires great effort and energy. The idea of showing up day after day for more muscle soreness can be discouraging. Try to keep your new habit light.(保持轻松。如果一个新习惯太痛苦，就很难坚持下去。举个例子，许多人很难坚持锻炼计划，因为它需要很大的努力和精力。日复一日地出现更多肌肉酸痛的想法可能会令人沮丧。试着让你的新习惯变得轻松。)”可知，本句主要说明如何让新习惯变得轻松。E选项“与其关注结果，不如关注享受新的行为。”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Be patient and realistic with yourself. Practice self-kindness when you experience shortcomings along the way. Beating yourself up leads to emotional pain that makes it more likely that you fall for old unhealthy habits.(对自己要有耐心和现实。当你在人生道路上遇到缺点时，练习自我仁慈。自责会导致情感上的痛苦，更有可能让你养成不健康的习惯。)”可知，本句主要说明有耐心的原因。A选项“养成一个新习惯需要几个月的时间。”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2001, Nathan Ogden raced down an Oregon ski slope, launching himself off a jump over 30 feet into the air. While he had done this many times, something was ___21___ on this day. He jumped further than planned, causing his body to fall hard against the ski slope. He tried to stand, but his legs wouldn't move. It was soon ___22___ that his neck was badly injured.
Over the next few months, he remained ___23___ that he would walk again, despite what the doctors said. Gradually, as he ___24___ sense to his legs and a little independence, his doctors called his progress“miraculous.”
But he wanted to progress faster. He worked ___25___ to regain use of his upper body, and while he could hardly move his legs, he was ___26___ that one day he would walk again. He eventually regained 50% of his body movement, but more ___27___ was yet to come. In 2003, Ogden caught pneumonia(肺炎) and fell unconscious in his sleep.
When his wife couldn't wake him, he was ___28___ to the Emergency Room, where technicians___29___ dropped him to the floor while x-raying his lungs. For the second time, Ogden had ___30___ his neck. But this time, the break was higher up,___31___ his permanent loss of bodily movement below the chest.
Sometimes Ogden felt ___32___. He noted being physically disabled was extremely difficult and that he lost his job, friends and almost his marriage. But Ogden tried to be ___33___ throughout the coming years.
He continues to fight a daily battle against ___34___. With his wife and children supporting him,he has been skydiving, snow skiing and water skiing. He is even writing a book to inspire as many as possible to believe in hope and ___35___. While he might never leave the wheelchair in this life, his spirit is rising higher than his legs could ever take him.
21. A. pleasant B. ordinary C. different D. realistic
22. A. confirmed B. anticipated C. suggested D. recognized
23. A. delighted B. frustrated C. confident D. confused
24. A. lost B. caused C. produced D. gained
25. A. tirelessly B. efficiently C. effortlessly D. painfully
26. A. told B. convinced C. informed D. reminded
27. A. advance B. trouble C. fortune D. question
28. A. led B. attached C. accompanied D. rushed
29. A. casually B. deliberately C. accidentally D. occasionally
30. A. healed B. broken C. examined D. shaken
31. A. making up B. bringing in C. resulting in D. building up
32. A. trapped B. deleted C. interrupted D. blamed
33. A. active B. positive C. negative D. passive
34. A. discipline B. competition C. criticism D. adversity
35. A. liberation B. recognition C. reputation D. progress
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nathan Ogden经历了两次摔断脖子，身体无法活动，但还是保持积极的态度，继续与逆境作斗争。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他已经这样做过很多次了，但这一天有些不同。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. ordinary普通的；C. different不同的；D. realistic实际的。根据后文“He jumped further than planned, causing his body to fall hard against the ski slope.”可知，这一天他摔倒了，所以是不同的一天。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快就证实他的脖子受了重伤。A. confirmed确定；B. anticipated预期；C. suggested建议；D. recognized认可。根据后文“that his neck was badly injured”指脖子受了重伤被证实。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，尽管医生说了什么，他仍然对自己能再次行走充满信心。A. delighted高兴的；B. frustrated沮丧的；C. confident自信的；D. confused困惑的。根据后文“that he would walk again, despite what the doctors said.”指他对自己能再次行走充满信心。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，当他的双腿恢复了知觉并有了一点独立时，他的医生称他的进步是“奇迹”。A. lost失去；B. caused造成；C. produced产生；D. gained获得。根据后文“sense to his legs and a little independence, his doctors called his progress“miraculous.””指双腿恢复了知觉并有了一点独立。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不知疲倦地运动以恢复上半身的活动，虽然他的腿几乎不能移动，但他坚信有一天他会再次行走。A. tirelessly不知疲倦地；B. efficiently高效地；C. effortlessly轻松地；D. painfully痛苦地。根据上文“But he wanted to progress faster.”可知，他想进步得更快，所以不知疲倦地运动以恢复上半身的活动。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不知疲倦地工作以恢复上半身的活动，虽然他的腿几乎不能移动，但他坚信有一天他会再次行走。A. told告诉；B. convinced说服，坚信；C. informed通知；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“one day he would walk again”指他坚信有一天他会再次行走。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最终恢复了50%的身体活动能力，但更多的麻烦还没有到来。A. advance进步；B. trouble麻烦；C. fortune运气；D. question问题。根据后文“In 2003, Ogden caught pneumonia and fell unconscious in his sleep.”指他又遇到了麻烦。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的妻子无法叫醒他时，他被紧急送往急诊室，在那里，技术人员在对他的肺部进行X光检查时，不小心把他摔倒在地。A. led导致；B. attached附上；C. accompanied陪伴；D. rushed急忙。根据后文“to the Emergency Room”指被紧急送往急诊室。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他的妻子无法叫醒他时，他被紧急送往急诊室，在那里，技术人员在对他的肺部进行X光检查时，不小心把他摔倒在地。A. casually随意地；B. deliberately故意地；C. accidentally意外地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据后文“dropped him to the floor while x-raying his lungs.”指技术人员在对他的肺部进行X光检查时，不小心把他摔倒在地。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥格登第二次摔断了他的脖子。A. healed治愈；B. broken打破；C. examined检查；D. shaken摇晃。根据前文“his neck was badly injured”以及后文“the break was higher up”可知，第二次摔断了脖子。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这一次，骨折的位置更高，导致他胸部以下的身体永远无法活动。A. making up组成；B. bringing in引入；C. resulting in导致；D. building up建立。根据后文“his permanent loss of bodily movement below the chest”可知，骨折的位置更高，导致他胸部以下的身体永远无法活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时奥格登觉得自己被困住了。A. trapped困住；B. deleted删除；C. interrupted中断；D. blamed责备。根据后文“He noted being physically disabled was extremely difficult and that he lost his job, friends and almost his marriage.”可知，奥格登觉得自己被困住了。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在接下来的几年里，奥格登试图保持积极的态度。A. active活跃的；B. positive积极的；C. negative消极的；D. passive被动的。根据后文“He continues to fight a daily battle against”可知，他试图保持积极的态度。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他继续每天与逆境作斗争。A. discipline纪律；B. competition比赛；C. criticism批评；D. adversity困境。根据上文“He continues to fight a daily battle against”以及上文他摔断了脖子，指他每天与逆境作斗争。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至在写一本书来激励尽可能多人相信希望和进步。A. liberation自由；B. recognition认可；C. reputation名誉；D. progress进步。根据上文“He is even writing a book to inspire as many as possible to believe in hope and”可知，写书是为了让更多的人相信希望和进步。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located at the western part of Hangzhou City, less than 5 kilometers from the West Lake, Xixi National Wetland Park is a unique spot considering its urban neighborhood. The park is the first and only wetland park ___36___ (combine) urban life with farming and culture.
The park ___37___ (consist) of three causeways and ten famous sights covers ___38___ total area of 11.5 square kilometers. River ports, ponds, small lakes and marshes occupy approximately 70%of the park, which explains its wetland environment. With many rivers, the whole wetland ___39___ (divide) into different sections: the east, the west and the central part. The latter is the very place___40___ attracts the majority of tourists while the other parts are fairly quiet. Recently the government set up ecological protection zones. There is also a Wetland Science Exhibition Hall ___41___ (find) at the park's main entrance.
The park has a long history with profound cultural heritage and it has even been regarded ___42___ a pure land for hermits (隐士). With its wonderful landscape and natural environment Xixi is not only a paradise for plants. ___43___ also many birds too. With flocks of birds flying freely in the sky, Xixi is a ___44___ (harmony) window to a natural eco-system.
Xixi National Wetland Park is also the place where the annual “Xixi International Dragon BoatRace” is held. ____45____ (traditional), this festival was to mourn the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (343 BC–278 BC) but now Xixi International Dragon Boat Race, with its strong charm and traditional customs, has become a carnival for all Hangzhou citizens.
【答案】36. to combine
37. consisting
38. a 39. is divided
40. that 41. found
42. as 43. but
44. harmonious
45. Traditionally
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西溪国家湿地公园。公园占地11.5平方公里，由三条堤道组成，以十大著名景点为特色，这里既有生态保护区，观光区，也有科技博物馆，是著名的“杭州三大西”之一，与西湖、西陵等自然风光和文化遗产齐名。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园是第一个也是唯一一个将城市生活与农业和文化相结合的湿地公园。名词前有序数词，后跟不定式作定语。故填to combine。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园是第一个也是唯一一个将城市生活与农业和文化相结合的湿地公园。此处consist与park为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：公园由三条堤道和十个著名景点组成，总面积11.5平方公里。短语a total of表示“总数”。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：由于有许多河流，整个湿地被分为不同的部分:东部，西部和中部。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is divided。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：后者是吸引大多数游客的地方，而其他地方则相当安静。定语从句修饰先行词place，且前面有the very修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在公园正门还有一个湿地科学展览馆。此处find与Wetland Science Exhibition Hall构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填found。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个公园历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚，甚至被认为是隐士的净土。短语be regarded as表示“被认为”。故填as。
【43题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：西溪有着美妙的风景和自然环境，不仅是植物的天堂，也是许多鸟类的天堂。句型not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：鸟群在天空中自由飞翔，西溪是自然生态系统的和谐窗口。修饰名词window应用形容词harmonious。故填harmonious。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：传统上，这个节日是为了哀悼爱国诗人屈原(公元前343年-公元前278年)，但现在西溪国际龙舟比赛，以其强大的魅力和传统习俗，已成为所有杭州市民的狂欢节。修饰后文句子应用副词，首字母大写。故填Traditionally。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举行以信息安全 (information security) 为主题的英语演讲比赛，请给外教 Caroline写一封电子邮件，邀请她担任比赛的评委。内容包括：
1. 比赛的时间和地点；
2. 比赛的内容和目的。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Caroline,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Caroline,
I’m writing on behalf of my fellow students to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school hall on June 15th.
The contest is scheduled to start at 2 p. m. and last for about three hours. Ten contestants will deliver their prepared speeches on the given topic “information security”, which is aimed at spreading the knowledge about information security, increasing our awareness of it and arousing our interest in English study as well.
We hope you will accept the invitation if it is convenient for you. Please contact me if you have any questions. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教 Caroline写一封电子邮件，邀请她担任比赛的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：contest→competition
举行：hold→host
联系：contact→get in touch with
开始：start→begin
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The contest is scheduled to start at 2 p. m. and last for about three hours.
拓展句：The contest is scheduled to start at 2 p. m., which lasts for about three hours.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Ten contestants will deliver their prepared speeches on the given topic “information security”, which is aimed at spreading the knowledge about information security, increasing our awareness of it and arousing our interest in English study as well. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] We hope you will accept the invitation if it is convenient for you. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was an unpleasant, cold Sunday evening. The sun was on its way home and so was Sara. Sara was a health inspector, so she had to check people’s houses to see if they were living a health y life.
Sundays were the only days she got a holiday, so she had been out trying to relax and enjoy the day. She was almost home when a small old house caught her eye. Her curiosity didn’t allow her to pass by without checking it.
Hesitantly, she approached the house and knocked. She did not think anyone would be living in such an old, shabby cabin, but, to her surprise, an old couple answered the door. The house and the couple were quite similar, both old, ragged and very easily broken.
She greeted them and asked if she could come in. Their house was empty, just like their empty stomachs that growled (低吼) aloud. It was a heartbreaking scene to witness the condition they were in.
She gathered her courage and asked the reason behind their condition. The couple were a bit nervous at first, but eventually opened up about their life. The couple, named Razia and Shahid,were going through tough times. Shahid was not educated, so he couldn’t get a decent job and only worked as a laborer, but that also for a short time because he would often fall il l due to old age. Rizia would work as a maid at people’s homes when she was young, but when age caught up with her, she also could not work properly and fell sick.
They had no children, so there was no one to look after them in their old age. Some nights, they slept hungry, while on other nights, they received a meal from some kind people. They explained how hunger was like an unwanted companion, always present, making their stomachs growl.
Sara felt saddened by their tough situation and tried to comfort them. She thought about making some arrangements for their care.
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly her eyes li t up with, an idea.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The couple were delighted, and prayed for Sara’s health and long life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
Suddenly her eyes lit up with an idea. Instead of sticking strictly to her job responsibilities and simply reporting their living conditions to the authorities, she decided to help them by buying the necessary groceries and some readymade food that they could eat at once. She also talked to a welfare center that promised to provide them with meals every day, because the couple was too old and weak to go and get it themselves. Sara bought some household items for them as well, which made it convenient for the old couple to fulfill their basic requirement for life.
The couple were delighted, and prayed for Sara’s health and long life. From time to time Sara paid a visit to them and shared meals, hoping for a positive change in their lives. Their empty house came to life because of her frequent visit s and these necessities. The echoes of empty stomachs were now replaced with the warmth of shared meals. They lived a life in the loving support from a stranger, who showed care like no other. It was because of Sara’s generosity and kindness that the old couple stayed away from the unwanted companion—hunger.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨拉是一名卫生检查员，所以她必须检查人们的房子，看看他们是否过着健康的生活。某天遇到了一对生活贫困的老夫妻，于是萨拉询问了原因，对他们的艰难处境感到难过，帮助了这家人。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，她的眼睛里闪现出一个念头”可知，第一段可描写萨拉帮助这家人的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“这对夫妇很高兴，并为萨拉的健康和长寿祈祷”可知，第二段可描写萨拉经常拜访这家人，正是因为萨拉的慷慨和善良，这对老夫妇才远离了不受欢迎的同伴——饥饿。
2.续写线索：萨拉提供帮助——购买物资——夫妇感谢——萨拉关爱——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①决定：decide/determine
②提供：provide/supply
③满足：fulfill /meet
情绪类
①善良：kindness/ humanity
②高兴：delighted/glad
【点睛】[高分句型1] Sara bought some household items for them as well, which made it convenient for the old couple to fulfill their basic requirement for life. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Instead of sticking strictly to her job responsibilities and simply reporting their living conditions to the authorities, she decided to help them by buying the necessary groceries and some readymade food that they could eat at once. (运用了动名词作宾语)
听力1-5 CABCA 6-10 CBCAB 11-15ACCBA 16-20BABAC湖北省“腾 云”联盟2023—2024学年度下学期5月联考
高二英语试卷
考试时间: 2024年5月23日上午8:00——10:00 试卷满分: 150分
祝考试顺利
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分：听力 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When will the woman most probably go to Greece
A. Next day. B. Next week. C. Next month.
2. What is the woman probably
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A coach.
3. Where will the woman hold a party today
A. In the backyard. B. In the garage. C. In the living room.
4. What is the woman doing
A. Packing bags. B. Waiting for the man. C. Doing some shopping.
5. How will the woman get to Chinatown
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By underground.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is wrong with the woman's car
A. It often breaks down. B. It often gets damp. C. It can't get started very well.
7. How does the woman deal with her car at night
A. She leaves it in her yard.
B. She parks it in the garage.
C. She puts it in a parking lot.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why does the woman talk to the man
A. To change seats with him.
B. To make friends with him.
C. To ask him to make way for her.
9. What will the man do next
A. Read a newspaper. B. Listen to music. C. Buy some candies.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How many subjects will the woman have each term
A. Twelve. B. Four. C. Eight.
11. What is the woman's opinion about the registration form
A. It includes much paperwork.
B. It is unnecessary to complete it by hand.
C. There seems to be something wrong with it.
12. What does the man advise the woman to do
A. Join the Student Union.
B. Complete the form before 5:15.
C. Fill out the form in the computer lab.
听第9段材料. 回答第13至16题。
13. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Driver and passenger.
B. Club owner and customer.
C. Interviewer and interviewee.
14 What can the guests do on the bus
A. Cook food. B. Have cold drinks. C. Dance with others.
15. What are the guests expected to do for parties
A. Get dressed suitably. B. Bring their VIP cards. C. Book clubs in advance.
16. What does the man suggest the guests do before a fancy-dress party
A. Control the number of people.
B. Inform him of the booking time.
C. Avoid wearing jeans and sports shoes.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A friend. C. A program.
18. What made Susan think that money was important
A. Her father couldn't afford a house.
B. Her father risked his life to save his money.
C. Her father was always worried about money.
19. What did Susan do when she grew up
A. A businesswoman. B. An advisor. C. A professional writer.
20. What is the content of the book
A. How to manage a huge company effectively.
B. How to make the best use of money in everyday life.
C. How to achieve financial success and personal happiness.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome
This course explores the concepts and algorithms(算法) at the foundation of modern artificial intelligence, diving into the ideas that give rise to technologies like game-playing engines, handwriting recognition, and machine translation. Through hands-on projects, students gain exposure to the theory behind graph search algorithms, classification, and other topics in artificial intelligence and machine learning as they incorporate them into their own Python programs. By course’s end, students emerge with experience in libraries for machine learning as well as knowledge of artificial intelligence principles that enable them to design intelligent systems of their own.
Requirement
CS50x or at least one year of experience with Python.
How to Take this Course
Even if you are not a student at Harvard, you are welcome to “take” this course for free via this OpenCourseWare by working your way through the course’s seven weeks of material. If you’d like to submit the course’s seven projects for feedback, be sure to create an edX account, if you haven’t already. Ask questions along the way via any of the course’s communities!
If interested in a verified(认证的) certificate from edX enroll at cs50.edx.org/ai instead.
If interested in a professional certificate from edX, enroll at cs50.edx.org programs/ai instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Extension School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/extension/csci/e/80 instead.
If interested in transfer credit and accreditation from Harvard Summer School, register at web.dce.harvard.edu/summer/csci/s/80 instead.
You are free to:
Share—copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt—remix, transform, and build upon the material
1. What does the course focus on
A. Diving into the ideas that give rise to handwriting recognition.
B. Teaching the concepts and algorithms of artificial intelligence.
C. Offering learning or teaching materials on artificial intelligence.
D. Providing students with experience in library for machine learning,
2. Who will enroll at cs50.edx.org/programs/ai
A. A student interested in an authorized certificate from edX.
B. A student interested in a professional certificate from edX.
C. A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Extension School.
D. A student interested in transfer credit from Harvard Summer School.
3. What can we learn from this passage
A. Students can integrate the materials into their own program.
B. Teachers can use the course’s materials without restriction.
C. Any student without related experience can take this course.
D. Students must create a new edX account for taking the course.
B
For Mother’s Day I asked for one thing: a house cleaning service. Bathrooms and floors specifically, windows if the extra expense was reasonable. The gift , for me, was not so much in the cleaning itself but the fact that for once I would not be in charge of the household office work. Iwould not have to make the calls, get multiple quotes, research and ve t each service, arrange payment and schedule the appointment. The real gift I wanted was to be relieved of the emotional labor of a single task that had been ringing at the back of my mind. The clean house would simply be a bonus.
My husband waited for me to change my mind to an “easier” gift than housecleaning, something he could one-click order on Amazon. The day before Mother’s Day, disappointed by my unwavering desire, he called a single service, decided they were too expensive, and vowed to clean the bathrooms himself. He still gave me the choice, of course. He told me the high dollar amount of completing the cleaning services I requested and asked if I still wanted him to book it.
What I wanted was for him to ask friends on Facebook for a recommendation, call four or five more services, do the emotional labor I would have done if the job had fallen to me. I knew exactly how exhausting it was going to be. That’s why I asked my husband to do it as a gift.
“In general, we classify gender emotions in our society by continuing to emphasize the false idea that women are always able to feel, express, and manage our emotions better than men,” says Dr. Lisa Huebner, a sociologist of gender. “This is not to say that some individuals do not manage emotion better than others as part of their own individual personality, but I would argue that we still have no firm evidence that this ability is biologically determined by sex. At the same time, we find all kinds of ways in society to ensure that girls and women are responsible for emotions and, then, men get a pass.”
4. What can we learn about the author’s husband from the first two paragraphs
A. He was in charge of arranging housework. B. He didn’t know what the author really wanted.
C. He would buy a gift to the author from Amazon. D. He thought housecleaning service cost-effective.
5. Why did the author ask her husband to call a house cleaning service
A. To complete her reservation service piled up. B. To get a clean house without doing it herself.
C. To ease the guilt over not doing her housework. D. To get away from the emotional labor involved.
6. What does the underlined word “unwavering” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Natural. B. Secret. C. Firm. D. Humble.
7. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Dr. Lisa Huebner
A. To show it unfair to leave the emotional labor to women.
B. To show that some individuals can manage emotions better.
C. To show that naturally women are responsible for emotions.
D. To show that emotional ability is biologically determined by sex,
C
The existing coffee market is dominated by Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out. Dr Davis and his colleagues report that they have tracked down a type of wild coffee which is both pleasant to taste and tolerant of higher temperatures.
Dr Davis, however, came across a paper written in 1834 by George Don, a Scottish scientist, which described a species from warmer areas. Don named it stenophylla, and wrote that it had a flavour superior to arabica’s, and it was farmed up until the 1920s, after which canephora, which had higher yields, took over. Stenophylla was then gradually forgotten.
The crucial question was, was Don’s praise to its flavour justified To find out, Dr Davis arranged a competition involving 18 professional coffee tasters who assessed, in a blind comparison, a set of samples that included stenophylla, two types of arabica and one of canephora.
Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica. It had nearly the same body as the others, and lacked an unpleasant, earthy bitterness found in the Brazilian arabica and the Indonesian canephora. When asked if what they were tasting was arabica, the judges said “yes” 81% of the time for samples of stenophylla, compared with 98% for the arabica from Ethiopia. They identified the Brazilian arabica as such only 44% of the time, and misidentified the canephora as arabica on7% of occasions.
Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance.
8. What is the purpose of the research into a type of wild coffee
A. To promote the habit of drinking coffee. B. To deal with global warming problems.
C. To help coffee farmers make more profits. D. To save coffee production from global warming.
9. According to 18 professional coffee tasters, what can we learn about the four types of coffee
A. Ethiopian arabica is more appealing than Brazilian arabica.
B. Indonesian canephora tasted best among four types of coffee.
C. Stenophylla has less taste of bitterness than two types of arabica.
D. Stenophylla has a more favourable acidity than Ethiopian arabica.
10. What are presented in the last paragraph
A. Historical factors. B. Theoretical bases.
C. Statistical analyses. D. Practical solutions.
11. Which section of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from
A. Business. B. Agriculture.
C. Finance and economics. D. Science and technology.
D
Of the many memorable things about Stephen Hawking, perhaps the most memorable of all was his conversation. The disease that confined him to a wheelchair also stopped him talking, so instead a computer produced what became a world-famous voice.
It was, though, a laborious process. Hawking had to move a muscle in his cheek to control a computer that helped him build up sentences, word by word, struggling to produce about ten words a minute. A better way to communicate would be to read the brain of a paralyzed (瘫痪的) person directly and then translate those readings into speech. And a study published in Nature this week, by Edward Chang, a neurosurgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, describes just such a technique. Speaking requires the precise control of almost 100 muscles in the lips, jaw, tongue and throat to produce the characteristic breaths and sounds that make up sentences. By measuring the brain signals that control these throat muscles, Dr Chang has been able to use a computer to produce speech accurately.
The volunteers for Dr Chang’s study were five people with epilepsy (癫痫) who had electrodes (电极) put into their brains as part of their treatment. He and his colleagues used these electrodes to record the volunteers’ brain activity while those volunteers spoke several hundred sentences out loud. Specifically, the researchers tracked activity in parts of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles of the throat.
To transform those signals into speech they did two things. First, they trained a computer program to recognize what the signals meant. They did this by feeding the program with output from the electrodes and with representations of the shapes the throat adopts when speaking the test sentences—data known from decades of study of voices. Then, when the program had learned the relevant associations, they used it to translate electrode signals into throat movements, and thus into sound.
Restoring speech is a more complex task than moving bodies—but sufficiently similar in principle to give hope to those now in a position similar to that once endured by the late Dr Hawking.
12. What is the problem of the traditional method for the speechless to produce sentences
A. It is incredible. B. It is time-consuming.
C. It is impractical. D. It is unrecognizable.
13 How could the brain signals be interpreted into speech
A. By learning representation of the test sentences.
B. By translating electrode signals into sound directly.
C. By feeding the program with output from the electrodes.
D. By integrating brain signals, throat movement, and sound.
14. What is the author’s attitude towards Dr Chang’s studies
A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Dismissive.
15. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. How to produce artificial speech. B. How to interpret brain signals.
C. How to give voice to the speechless. D. How to ease human conversation.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The majority of New Year’s resolutions are abandoned after three months. It is human nature to pursue the path of least resistance, especially when you are tired. If you do not intentionally and consistently develop healthy habits, you will automatically fall for unhealthy ones. Obtaining the benefit of healthy habits requires some willpower, which is the ability to resist short-term temptations for long-term benefits. However, willpower is not enough. ____16____
Say goodbye to perfection. We often have a hard time sticking with new habits because we set unrealistic expectations. As high-achievers, we expect a workout to last an entire hour and include a set of workouts. ___17___ The truth is that some exercise is better than none. Even a 15-minute walk, or some light stretching is better than zero physical activity. Don’t let perfectionism get in the way of making progress.
Increase your support system. Establishing a new behavior is easier when loved ones are supporting you. Having a support system can help you stay the course even when you are lower on willpo wer because others can remind you of the progress you have made. It is also harder to be lazy when someone is watching. ____18____
Keep it light. It is hard to stick with a new habit if it is too painful. As an example, many people struggle to keep up with an exercise program because it requires great effort and energy. The idea of showing up day after day for more muscle soreness can be discouraging. Try to keep your new habit light. ____19____ This makes it more likely you will look forward to it.
Give yourself some grace. ____20____ Be patient and realistic with yourself. Practice self-kindness when you experience shortcomings along the way. Beating yourself up leads to emotional pain that makes it more likely that you fall for old unhealthy habits.
A. Building a new habit can take months.
B You also need systems to help healthy habits stick.
C. Anything less does not count as exercise in our minds.
D. Healthy habits can serve as an anchor to navigate life’s challenges.
E. Instead of focusing on results, focus on enjoying the new behavior.
F. We deeply care about what others think of us and don’t want to let them down.
G. It is the consistent practice of healthy habits over time that leads to positive results.
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2001, Nathan Ogden raced down an Oregon ski slope, launching himself off a jump over 30 feet into the air. While he had done this many times, something was ___21___ on this day. He jumped further than planned, causing his body to fall hard against the ski slope. He tried to stand, but his legs wouldn't move. It was soon ___22___ that his neck was badly injured.
Over the next few months, he remained ___23___ that he would walk again, despite what the doctors said. Gradually, as he ___24___ sense to his legs and a little independence, his doctors called his progress“miraculous.”
But he wanted to progress faster. He worked ___25___ to regain use of his upper body, and while he could hardly move his legs, he was ___26___ that one day he would walk again. He eventually regained 50% of his body movement, but more ___27___ was yet to come. In 2003, Ogden caught pneumonia(肺炎) and fell unconscious in his sleep.
When his wife couldn't wake him, he was ___28___ to the Emergency Room, where technicians___29___ dropped him to the floor while x-raying his lungs. For the second time, Ogden had ___30___ his neck. But this time, the break was higher up,___31___ his permanent loss of bodily movement below the chest.
Sometimes Ogden felt ___32___. He noted being physically disabled was extremely difficult and that he lost his job, friends and almost his marriage. But Ogden tried to be ___33___ throughout the coming years.
He continues to fight a daily battle against ___34___. With his wife and children supporting him,he has been skydiving, snow skiing and water skiing. He is even writing a book to inspire as many as possible to believe in hope and ___35___. While he might never leave the wheelchair in this life, his spirit is rising higher than his legs could ever take him.
21. A. pleasant B. ordinary C. different D. realistic
22. A. confirmed B. anticipated C. suggested D. recognized
23. A. delighted B. frustrated C. confident D. confused
24. A. lost B. caused C. produced D. gained
25. A. tirelessly B. efficiently C. effortlessly D. painfully
26 A. told B. convinced C. informed D. reminded
27. A. advance B. trouble C. fortune D. question
28. A. led B. attached C. accompanied D. rushed
29. A. casually B. deliberately C. accidentally D. occasionally
30. A. healed B. broken C. examined D. shaken
31. A. making up B. bringing in C. resulting in D. building up
32. A. trapped B. deleted C. interrupted D. blamed
33. A. active B. positive C. negative D. passive
34. A. discipline B. competition C. criticism D. adversity
35. A. liberation B. recognition C. reputation D. progress
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located at the western part of Hangzhou City, less than 5 kilometers from the West Lake, Xixi National Wetland Park is a unique spot considering its urban neighborhood. The park is the first and only wetland park ___36___ (combine) urban life with farming and culture.
The park ___37___ (consist) of three causeways and ten famous sights covers ___38___ total area of 11.5 square kilometers. River ports, ponds, small lakes and marshes occupy approximately 70%of the park, which explains its wetland environment. With many rivers, the whole wetland ___39___ (divide) into different sections: the east, the west and the central part. The latter is the very place___40___ attracts the majority of tourists while the other parts are fairly quiet. Recently the government set up ecological protection zones. There is also a Wetland Science Exhibition Hall ___41___ (find) at the park's main entrance.
The park has a long history with profound cultural heritage and it has even been regarded ___42___ a pure land for hermits (隐士). With its wonderful landscape and natural environment Xixi is not only a paradise for plants. ___43___ also many birds too. With flocks of birds flying freely in the sky Xixi is a ___44___ (harmony) window to a natural eco-system.
Xixi National Wetland Park is also the place where the annual “Xixi International Dragon BoatRace” is held. ____45____ (traditional), this festival was to mourn the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (343 BC–278 BC) but now Xixi International Dragon Boat Race, with its strong charm and traditional customs, has become a carnival for all Hangzhou citizens.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将举行以信息安全 (information security) 为主题的英语演讲比赛，请给外教 Caroline写一封电子邮件，邀请她担任比赛的评委。内容包括：
1. 比赛的时间和地点；
2. 比赛的内容和目的。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Caroline,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was an unpleasant, cold Sunday evening. The sun was on its way home and so was Sara. Sara was a health inspector, so she had to check people’s houses to see if they were living a health y life.
Sundays were the only days she got a holiday, so she had been out trying to relax and enjoy the day. She was almost home when a small old house caught her eye. Her curiosity didn’t allow her to pass by without checking it.
Hesitantly, she approached the house and knocked. She did not think anyone would be living in such an old, shabby cabin, but, to her surprise, an old couple answered the door. The house and the couple were quite similar, both old, ragged and very easily broken.
She greeted them and asked if she could come in. Their house was empty, just like their empty stomachs that growled (低吼) aloud. It was a heartbreaking scene to witness the condition they were in.
She gathered her courage and asked the reason behind their condition. The couple were a bit nervous at first, but eventually opened up about their life. The couple, named Razia and Shahid,were going through tough times. Shahid was not educated, so he couldn’t get a decent job and only worked as a laborer, but that also for a short time because he would often fall il l due to old age. Rizia would work as a maid at people’s homes when she was young, but when age caught up with her, she also could not work properly and fell sick.
They had no children, so there was no one to look after them in their old age. Some nights, they slept hungry, while on other nights, they received a meal from some kind people. They explained how hunger was like an unwanted companion, always present, making their stomachs growl.
Sara felt saddened by their tough situation and tried to comfort them. She thought about making some arrangements for their care.
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly her eyes li t up with, an idea.
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The couple were delighted, and prayed for Sara’s health and long life.
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听力1-5 CABCA 6-10 CBCAB 11-15ACCBA 16-20BABAC
