Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years. 语法精讲精练课件（新目标八年级下册）

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人教版 八年级下册
Unit 10
I've had this bike for three years.
语法精讲精练
I have been to
Hongya Cave
I have been to Chongqing.
Qiansimen Bridge
Liziba Light Rail Station
Monument of Liberation
Ciqikou Ancient Town
Let's explore.
It has been here for five years.
past
now
during that time
Talk about the Flea Market.
How long have you had that bike over there
I’ve had it for three years.
Role play
How long has his son owned the train and railway set
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
现在完成时
现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构：
疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他
询问拥有时间的疑问词用how long。
Review
——那边那辆自行车你买了多久了？——我买了三年了。
——他儿子拥有火车轨道组多久了？——自从他四岁生日就有了。
--How long _____ you _____ the bike ______ _______
--I _____ _____ it _____ three years.
--_____ ______ _____ his son _______ the train and railway set
--He _____ _______ it _____ his ______ birthday.
have
had
over
there
have
had
for
How long
has
owned
has
owned
since
fourth
Review
——你之前踢过足球吗？
——是的，在我小时候，但是我现在已经有一会儿没踢了。
--Have _____ _____ _______ football
--Yes, I _____ when I _____ little,
but I ________ ______ for a while now
you ever played
did
was
haven’t played
Grammar Focus
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He's owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
1）现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构是什么？用什么疑问词来询问拥有某物品的时间？
3）since 后面接什么
2）for 后面接什么
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：
(1) for后须接“时间段”
e.g. He has studied English for five years.
(2) since后须接“时间点”
e.g. He has studied English since 1999.
(3) 二者可以转换
for +一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
e.g. He has been here for five weeks.
= He has been here since five weeks ago.
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
e.g. He has taught here since he came to China.
We have been friends since we met in school.
(5) 现在完成时常用句型：
①It is/has been +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句
e.g. It is four days since last Friday.
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.
(6) 均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。
e.g. I have bought this computer since four years ago. (×)
I have had this computer since four years ago. (√)
I haven’t bought anything for two months.(√ )
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. (√)
判断下列哪个是时间段还是时间点，用for或since填空：
for + 时间段 since + 过去时间点
_____ 100 years
_____ 1 minute
_____ 2010
_____ three o’clock
_____ half an hour ago
_____ last year
_____ I was 10 years old
_____ more than 2 weeks
for
for
since
since
since
since
= one year ago
since
for
We haven't seen each other _______a long time.
His father has been in the factory _____10 years ago.
The film has been on _____20 minutes.
Mr. Green has worked here ______ he came to China
His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
It's been five years ______ we met last time.
【即学即练】 Fill in the blanks with since or for.
for
since
for
since
for
since
对since 和for 引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用how long
——你在这里住了多久了？
—How long have you lived here
——我在这里住了大约10 年了。
—I have lived here for about ten years.
Grammar
How long have you had that bike over there I’ve had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.
have
own
play
have, own, play 是 动词。
延续性
1.I have been at this school___more than two years.
2.She has worked in the factory______ten years ago.
3.Mr. Green has lived in the city______he was born.
4.His father has been a party member____twenty years.
5.He has been a soldier _____ May, 2000.
6.His grandpa has been dead ____about ten years.
for
since
since
for
since
for
since +
（过去的）月份\年份\时间点
一段时间+ago
一般过去时从句
for +一段时间
延续性动词
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
go, leave, move
arrive, come, reach
join, become
buy, get (得到)
be away (off), be out of
be here , be in +某地
be in, be a (an) + n.
have
[拓展] 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，如become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have, keep等来代替非延续性动词。如：
我买这本书一周了。
I have bought the book for a week. (×)
I have had the book for a week. (√)
Compare the sentences and tell True or False.
1. How long has he left
How long has he been away
2. How long has he borrowed the book
How long has he kept the book
3. Maria has come back since three days ago.
Maria has been back since three days ago.
4. Tony has bought the computer for two years.
Tony has had the computer for two years.
√
×
√
×
√
×
√
×
非延续性动词可表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时；
但由于动作不能延续，所以不能跟表示一段时间点时间状语连用：
Jim has come back. 汤姆已经回来了。
Jim has come back for a month. 汤姆已经回来了一个月。
2. 非延续性动词变成延续性动词，再与表一段时间的时间状语连用。
Jim has been back for a month. 汤姆已经回来了一个月。
Grammar
X
3. 非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
1）直接换成延续性动词　
buy 买 → have 有　
borrow 借 → keep 保留　
put on 穿上 → wear 穿着
come / go / become 来/去/变成 → be 在/是
I have had the bike since I was 7. 我七岁就买了那辆自行车。
Grammar
2）转换成be＋名词
join the army 参军 → be a soldier 当兵
join the Party 入党 → be a Party member 成为一名党员
go to school 去上学 → be a student 成为一名学生
翻译：他已经上9年学了。
He has gone to school for 9 years.
He has been a student for 9 years.
Grammar
3）转换成be＋形容词/副词
die 死亡 → be dead 死了
finish 结束 → be over 结束
begin 开始 → be on 在上映/已开始
leave 离开 → be away 远离的
fall asleep 入睡 → be asleep 睡着的
close 关闭 → be closed 关着的
翻译：电影已经开始半小时了。
The movie has begun for half an hour.
The movie has been on for half an hour.
4）转换成be＋介词短语
come to / go to / arrive in(at) / get to / reach 到…
→ be in / at… 在…
join the army 参军 → be in the army在军队中
翻译：我们已经到武汉10分钟了。
We have arrived in Wuhan for 10 minutes.
We have been in Wuhan for 10 minutes.
Grammar
延续性动词 非延续性动词
buy have had
leave have been away
come back have been back
join have been a member of
borrow have kept
die have been dead
begin/ start have been on
open have been open
延续性动词 非延续性动词
fall ill have been ill
get up have been up
become have been
fall asleep have been asleep
get married have been married
finish have been over
come here/ go there have been here/ there
arrive / reach/ get have been in+地点
Li Lei joined the Party three years ago._(同义句)
Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party ______ three years.
Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party _____ three years ago.
2. My father left Guizhou last week.(同义句)
My father ___ ____ ____ ____Guizhou ______a week.
My father ___ _____ ____ ____Guizhou ____ last week.
3. The factory opened in1996.(同义句)
The factory ____ ____ ____ _____ten years.
The factory ____ _____ _____ since 1996.
【即学即练】
join加入某个组织(短暂)—be in+组织(状态)
has been in
for
has been in
since
leave离开某地(短暂)
—be away from(状态)
has been away from
for
has been away from
since
open开业，营业(短暂)
—be open(状态)
has been open for
has been open
【即学即练】
4. Mr. Huang reached Beijing five days ago.(同义句)
Mr. Huang____ ____ ____Beijing ______ five days ago.
Mr. Huang ____ ____ ____Beijing_____ five days.
5. The film began ten minutes ago.(同义句)
The film ___ _____ _____for _____ _____.
The film ____ ____ ____since _____ ____ _____.
6. She bought the new car three years ago.(同义句)
She ____ ____ the new car _____three years.
She ____ ____ the new car ____ three years ago.
get to\arrive in(at)\reach+地点
—be in +地点
has been in
since
has been in
for
begin开始（短暂）
—be on (状态)
has been on
ten minutes
has been on
ten minutes ago
buy买（短暂）
—have\own拥有(状态)
has had
for
has had
since
1. —I’m sorry for being late.
— Never mind. The meeting ______ for only 5 minutes.
This way, please. (乐山)
A. has begun B. has ended C. has been on
2. —Have you ever been to South Tower Park
—Yes. I ________ there a few months ago. (郴州)
A. went B. have been C. have gone
Exercises
3. —How long has Robert ________
—Since 2004.
A. been to Beijing
B. become a policeman
C. joined the art club
D. studied in this school
Exercises
4. I have been in China ____1997. (雅安)
A. since B. for C. in D. until
5. —Do you know her well
—Sure. We ____ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. became
C. has become D. have been
Exercises
1. I ______________ the book.
我已经借到那本书了。
I ___________ the book for two days.
我已经借那本书两天了。
2. Jim ____________ the band.
吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
Jim __________ a member of the band for a month.
吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
have borrowed
have kept
has joined
has been
Exercises
3. His grandfather ____________.
他的祖父已经死了。
His grandfather _____________ for 2 years.
他祖父已经死了两年。
4. My father ____________________ China.
我父亲已经到达中国了。
My father ________________ for a week.
我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
has died
has been dead
has arrived in /reached
has been in China
Exercises
Practice
4a. Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
__________________________________
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
____________________________________
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
_______________________________
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
___________________________________
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
____________________________________
get to\arrive in(at)\reach+地点—be in +地点
Jim has been in Japan for three days\since three days.
eat— have
They haven’t had anything for ten hours\since ten hours ago .
buy— have
I have had a camera since 2009.
meet— know
I have known Anna for three years\since three years ago.
become ill— be ill
Linda has been ill since Monday.
4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I ______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2.They__________________(never own) any pets, but they ______________________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We_______ (have) a piano since last November. We _______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy _______________(not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ____ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum ________ (be) here for over 20 years. It _____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
提示：根据句意和时间状语提示词，决定句子时态和动词形式
have never been
go
have never owned
have always wanted
have had
bought
haven’t been
miss
has been
is
scarf
bike
1. Do you have a(n)______ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a(n)______ How long have you owned it
4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
Things How long
Tony favorite book for two years
basketball since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
1. — What do you think of the novel, Journey to the West
— It’s so exciting that I ________ it for three times.
A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading
(2023湖北孝感)
2. —Oh, I’m really lost in this city.
—Yeah. The city ___________ a lot since you left.
A. has changed B. changed C. changes
(2023湖南郴州)
C
A
3. The Wandering Earth II _________ with the public since it came out.
A. has been successful B. is successful
C. was successful D. will be successful
(2023新疆)
4. — What do you think of Ezhou, Li Ming
— It _______ a lot since we started to build Huahu Airport.
A. changed B. has changed
C. changes D. is changing
(2023湖北鄂州)
A
B
5. Since 2021, our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students.
A. provides B. is providing C. has provided
(2022福建)
6. Jim _______ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A. learns B. learned C. will learn D. has learned
(2022北京)
C
D
1. —What is the Trip Code (行程码)used for
— It's used to show where you ______ in the last 14 days.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
(2022山东滨州中考)
2. Jim ______a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A. learns B. learned C. will learn D. has learned
(2022北京中考)
C
D
3. Christine ________ the family’s Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old.
A. cooks B. cooked C. will cook D. has cooked
(2022内蒙古包头)
4. —I haven’t seen Li Ming for days. Why
—He ________ Beijing. He will come back next month.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. will go to
(2022·四川凉山州中考)
D
B
5. —Your watch is really old.
—Yes, I ______ it since I was six.
A. have B. will have C. have had D. am having
(2022湖北江汉油田、潜江、天门、仙桃)
6. Since he was a little boy, he ______ in love with music.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
(2021湖北十堰中考)
C
C
7. We _____ each other since we met in the last summer camp.
A. won't see B. haven't seen C. didn't see
(2022海南中考)
8. —Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening
—Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
(2022湖北鄂州中考)
B
B
9. Since 2021, our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students.
A. provides B. is providing C. has provided
(2022·福建中考)
10. —Mike, why are you standing outdoors
—I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.
A. have lost B. will lose C. had lost D. lose
(2022贵州铜仁中考)
C
A
Exercise
Ⅰ. 用since或for填空
1．His aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15 years.
2．Jill has been in Ireland ____ three days.
3．Amy is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
4．Molly has kept the book ______ two years ago.
for
for
since
since
5．—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace
—Yes. I have visited it many times ______ 2009.
6．The bus is late. They've been waiting ____ 20 minutes.
7．Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ____ many years.
8．Mike has been ill ____ a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
since
for
for
for
since
Ⅱ. 句型转换，每空一词。
1. The movie began twenty minutes ago.(改为同义句)
The movie _______ _______ _______ _______ twenty minutes.
2. Amy has been a teacher for three years.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ _______ Amy been a teacher
3. He has worked at the bank for ten years.(改为同义句)
He _______ _______ at the bank _______ ten years ago.
4. I left school two months ago. (改为同义句)
_______ _______ _______ two months _______ I left school.
has been on for
How long has
has worked since
It has been since
I. 根据上句完成下句，使两句意思相同或相近，每空一词。
1. My mother bought the bread maker two years ago.
My mother _______ _______ the bread maker _______ two years.
2. Mrs. Smith left China three weeks ago.
Mrs. Smith _______ _______ _______ _______ China _______ three weeks.
has had for
has been away from
for
3. Alex started to learn Chinese last year.
_______ _______ _______ one year _______ Alex started to learn Chinese.
4. They arrived at the bus station twenty minutes ago.
They _______ _______ _______ the bus station _______ twenty minutes.
5. Bob and Alice have been married for 20 years.
Bob _______ _______ ________ _______ Alice _______ 20 years ago.
It has been since
have been in for
has been married to since
II. 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的提示填空，使短文完整、通顺。
Jane and Mary study at the same school in London. Jane is from London, and she (1)_______(speak) British English (英式英语), while Mary is from New York, and she speaks American English.
One day, Jane (2)_______(ask) Mary what her father did for a living.
“He is a car repairman (修理工) at a garage(汽车修理厂). He (3)__________(work) there for over ten years,” replied Mary.
speaks
asked
has worked
“Do you mean your father (4)________ (repair) cars at a garage ” asked Jane.
“Yes, he (5)_________(be) a car repairman for more than ten years,” Mary said. “You pronounce (发……音) the word garage in a different way from me.”
“Oh, I (6)______________________________________ (already, notice) the difference, too,” Jane said.
One Sunday, Jane and Mary (7)________(decide) to visit the British Museum together. Jane asked Mary how to go there.
repairs
has been
have already noticed / already noticed
decided
“By subway,” said Mary.
“What do you mean by subway Do you mean the underground ” asked Jane.
“That's right. We (8)_______(say) subway or Metro and you say underground,” Mary replied. “My mother (9)_______(teach) English as a second language. She told me there are quite a lot of differences between American English and British English. Since I came to London five months ago, I (10)_____________(learn) a bit about British English, but I still have a lot more to learn.”
say
teaches
have learned