2024届高考英语阅读、七选五、完形填空、语法填空技巧及语篇分析课件(共65张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读、七选五、完形填空、语法填空技巧及语篇分析课件(共65张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-30 19:49:22 | ||
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(共65张PPT)
高考英语全国卷区阅读理解语篇体裁分布特点
由图可知，以历史、社会与文化为主题的说明文在英语高考中出现次数最多，占比18.2%，也就是说每一张高考英语卷都会出现一道该类型的阅读题；而以科技与技术为主题的说明文排第二，占比14.5%，也就是说每三年高考都会出现两次该类型题目;而排在第三位的则是以文学、艺术与体育为主题的应用文，紧接着又是以历史、社会与文化为主题的应用文。
Characteristics of practical writing
01
02
03
篇幅较短，有小标题
专有名词较多
数字较多
做题技巧：
1.先看题目
2.定位原则
3.题序原则
专有名词
动词，形容词
4.同义替换
题序原则
语篇1
Books That Celebrate Diverse Holidays and Traditions
It’s important to remember there are a diverse set of holidays available to explore. Below are a few books that help introduce children to different holiday cultures and traditions.
Too Many Tamales by Gary Soto, illustrated by Ed Martinez
While helping her mother with Christmas celebration, Maria is tempted to try on her mother’s diamond ring. After getting caught up in the joy of the holiday and playing with her cousins, Maria realizes the ring is missing! That’s when she and her cousins come up with a plan to eat all of the tamales, in hopes of finding the ring.
Together for Kwanzaa by Juwanda G. Ford, illustrated by Shelly Hehenberger
This is a story about a little girl named Kayla who wants to see her older brother Khari come home so they can celebrate Kwanzaa together as a family. Khari is stuck at college when a snowstorm hits and his car breaks down. Will he make it home in time for Kwanzaa
A Child’s Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman
This book is a funny, nostalgic tale of Christmas Eve afternoon through Christmas night in Wales, and is full of unique imagery and poetic prose. It will arouse a sense of familiarity for some young readers while introducing them to different aspects of Christmas traditions.
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga by Traci Sorell, illustrated by Frane Lessac
The word otsaliheliga is used by members of the Cherokee Nation to express gratitude. This is an amazing story that describes a journey through the seasons with a modern-day Cherokee family. Cherokee history and traditions are also woven into the story in a very kid-friendly way.
common point
共同点
paraphrasing
同义替换
21. What makes it difficult for Khari to return home in time for Kwanzaa
A. A car crash. B. Delayed flights. C. Extreme weather. D. Academic pressure.
22. Who provides pictures for A Child’s Christmas in Wales
A. Traci Sorell. B. Ed Martinez. C. Dylan Thomas. D. Trina Schart Hyman.
23. The four books all inform readers of ______.
A. how to find hidden treasures at home B. how to strengthen bonds with friends
C. the lifestyles of different ethnic groups D. different holiday celebrations and customs
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
1. 记事类
bring out the topic点题
Ending
结局
conclusion升华主题
2. 写人
引出人物
人物生平、成就等
人物影响
Development
发展
beginning开端
Climax
高潮
重难点
强调对细节理解的考察
Characteristics of narrative writing
记叙文中细节理解题命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的______和__________________层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
故事发展的顺序
脉络
根据题干和选项信息大胆预测文章内容
预测文章内容
抓题干定位词锁定命题据
根据篇章结构特点快速抓住主旨大意
做题技巧：
语篇2
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table, a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. Ten years ago, she and her family moved to a new home in Austin, Texas.
One day, Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party. She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake. “After the party, I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard, just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out. They played games, did crafts and ate snacks. “We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says. “We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat. Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea. Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too. A movement was born. “It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says. The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes. They think their house is too messy, it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time. “Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says. Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community. “People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,” she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings, thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world. Not all of them are actually turquoise. “No matter what color it is, it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
creative
sociable
24. Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A. To host more parties in her front yard. B. To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C. To engage with people in the neighbourhood. D. To create harmonious communities worldwide.
25. Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable. B. Friendly and humorous.
C. Generous and ambitious. D. Cautious and responsible.
26. What can be inferred from the text
A. People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B. The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C. Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D. People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
27. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Love Your Neighbors B. An Amazing Woman
C. Happy Front Yard Time D. Tables Where All Are Welcome
细节理解题
主旨大意题
推理判断题
细节理解题
Paraphrasing: connect with
Paraphrasing: states and in 13 countries around the world
gist of the passage(概括主旨)
creative; novel (创新，新颖)
simple；clarified(简洁明了)
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
语篇3
If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface The second question is easier to answer: a lot.
Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
Paraphrasing：disturb
损耗
赫拉克勒斯的任务：困难的
Paraphrasing： guarantee
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
推理判断题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
28. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2
A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence.
C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception.
29. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing
A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself.
C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure.
30 What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts.
31. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about
A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology.
B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
an idea that is not correct
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇4
About ten years ago logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms (算法) to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics.
Kyle Chayka, a writer for The New Yorker, discusses this topic in his book, Filterworld. He explains that algorithms analyze user data to predict and influence what they will likely engage with. This means that instead of a simple, chronological feed, users encounter a dynamic stream, constantly adapting to their preferences. Chayka examines how these algorithmic recommendations control what we consume, from music and movies to food and travel destinations. He argues that this machine-driven selection process has turned us into passive consumers, making our preferences and tastes more similar.
Chayka points out that algorithms make us passive by always showing us content that we’re unlikely to click away from but won’t find too unexpected or challenging. This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors.
Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms. For instance, musicians on Spotify or TikTok might focus on creating catchy hooks at the beginning of their songs to grab the listener’s attention.
Despite the strong presence of these algorithms, Chayka believes that regulation could reduce their influence. He suggests that if Meta, the parent company of Facebook, were required to separate its various services, like Instagram or WhatsApp, and make them compete with each other, it could give users more control and choice over their digital consumption.
In summary, the change from simple, time-ordered social. media posts to algorithm-driven content has a big impact on both the viewers and the creators, influencing what we see, hear, and even think. Chayka’s insights highlight the need for greater awareness and potentially more regulation in our increasingly digital world.
Paraphrasing: make adjustments to
satisfy
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
32. According to the text how have social media platforms changed in the past ten years
A. They show posts in a time-based order.
B. They prioritize posts from friends and family.
C. They make adjustments to satisfy users’ needs.
D. They provide more content to meet different needs.
33. What does Kyle Chayka think of algorithmic recommendations
A. They make users more active consumers.
B. They shape users’ preferences and behaviors.
C. They reduce the influence of content creators.
D. They expose users to diverse and challenging content.
34. How do algorithms influence musicians’ work on digital platforms
A. By encouraging musicians to create longer songs.
B. By discouraging musicians from using catchy hooks.
C. By giving musicians more control and choice over their music.
D. By requiring musicians to create their work to fit the platforms.
35. What can be concluded from the text
A. Tech companies should have more departments.
B. Social media algorithms give content creators less opportunities.
C. Social media algorithms flatten our culture by making decisions for us.
D. Network platforms have increased the common recommendations for 10 years.
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
阻止某人做某事
Characteristics of seven-option items
七选五阅读
材料特征
主题语境
人与自我
人与社会（常考）
人与自然
语篇结构
文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有
总——分(——总)结构常见
短文长度 约300词(230~320)
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。（考试说明）
通常五六段，有时三四段
语篇类型
说明文(常考)
记叙文/议论文(偶尔考)
解题步骤1： 分析文章结构
（较为常见）
2. 总-分-总
1. 总-分
语篇结构：
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
正确选项的结构特点：
1. 小标题：句式结构与各段一致，与段落主题内容贴合度高；
2. 主题句（段首题优先做） ：①与本段段落内容贴合度高；② 段落与段落之间的过渡句 （难题）
3. 段尾 （段尾题优先做）① 与空格前一句有句间逻辑关系 （此类较多） ②对本段进行小结 （较少）③段落之间衔接 （较少）
所选选项要与本段内容贴合度高
选项
词汇
特点
1. 同词/近义词/同根词/ 同畴词（上下义词）复现
2. 逻辑词（选项中的逻辑词或空格后的句子有逻辑词）或考生利用上中下三个句子的关系，推断句间逻辑关系 （该类题难度较大）
3. 代词
① 选项中出现代词 （主语或宾语或介宾）
原文空格后出现代词
注意1：正确选项可能为： ①逻辑词+词汇复现 ②逻辑词+代词
注意2： 正确选项代入原文后，上下句的协同性可以通过词汇复现来体现，使上下句出现某一意义的重叠。
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
冗余
选项
特点
有两个相似的句式 （祈使句有出现多个的情况）
（可能产生冗余选项）
2. 有两个选项出现相同的名词，形容词或动词等
（可能产生冗余选项）
3. 选项没有特别鲜明的特征，该句子仍然会出现的核心词汇，但有可能核心词汇与空格所在段落无关或者语义与原文相悖或截然相反。（要准确理解选项句意）
解题步骤3:冗余选项如何排除
语篇5
How to Protect Against Undue Influence Online
The potential for undue influence has become increasingly significant in this era of digital interconnectivity. Undue influence can affect our perceptions and influence our decisions. It may even endanger our autonomy (自主) and mental health. ____36____
Understand what undue influence is
The first step to protecting yourself is understanding what undue influence is. Undue influence refers to a situation in which an individual or group employs unreasonable control over another person’s behavior information, thoughts, and emotions. ____37____ Disinformation campaigns, persuasive advertising, and even content designed to cause fear, uncertainty, or dependency may often appear online.
Develop media literacy skills
In an age of fake news, it is crucial to develop media literacy skills. ____38____ Become a consumer who can tell the quality of information, identify the source, check for credibility, and look for your unconscious assumptions and preferences.
____39____
Delete as much data as you can about yourself. Be mindful of what information you share online, and always ensure that your online activities are secured through reliable sources. Review all policies on platforms, especially “free” ones. If you aren’t paying, then you are the product, as in many cases, they are selling your data.
By including these steps into your digital life, you can protect yourself from undue influence in the online world, ensuring that you can think and act independently, free from ill control.
____40____ It is your mind. Only you should control it!
G
D
F
A
E
unreasonable
文章结构：总分总
G. Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence.
D. In the digital world, undue influence can take many forms.
F. They involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in various forms.
A. Prioritize privacy
E. Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence.
A. Prioritize privacy
B. Be mindful of free ones
C. It’s vital to have a healthy Internet and real-life balance.
D. In the digital world, undue influence can take many forms.
E. Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence.
F. They involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in various forms.
G. Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence.
注意
Characteristics of Cloze
1.体裁上：
主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2.内容上：
讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事， 首段交代故事重要信息，末尾进行升华，揭示人生的道理, 富有思想性教育性;
3. 考点上：
考察重点多为实词:名/ 代/动词/形容/副词/连词等；关注语境背景知识,侧重上下文段衔接；考察篇章整体理解，还原完善文章信息的语言能力以及逻辑思维与判断能力。
做题步骤：
1. 通览—速读全文， 把握大意
2. 试填—紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
3. 复核—全面检查，连贯准确
行文逻辑
词义复现
生活常识
揣摩语境
做题技巧：
语篇6
Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day. He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating, and just doing his ____41____ thing.
But then he noticed a ____42____ staring at him. He was ____43____. “What is going on ” “They kept ____44____ at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it ____45____, the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son, and they felt inspired while watching the ____46____. Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal. He was given by the waiter a ____47____ from the couple, saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some ____48____ for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read. “____49____ that baby as long as possible. The Masons.”
For Smith, it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling _____50_____. He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn’t have a father figure growing up, so spending this time with his son is super _____51_____ to him.
He wrote that he’ll share this _____52_____ with his son when he’s older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the _____53_____ of giving back.
“I make sure I’m _____54_____,” Smith wrapped. “I get blessed — I want to _____55_____ someone else.”
D. regular
C. couple
B. confused
C. smiling
A. turns out
A. relationship
B. note
B. cash
A. Enjoy
D. seen
A. significant
D. story
C. power
B. paying it forward
C. bless
41. A. unusual B. rare C. big D. regular
42. A. stranger B. woman C. couple D. waiter
43. A. embarrassed B. confused C. worried D. scared
44. A. shouting B. aiming C. smiling D. getting
45. A. turns out B. turns on C. strikes out D. goes on
46. A. relationship B. appreciation C. friendship D. instruction
47. A. bill B. note C. excuse D. notice
48. A. credit B. cash C. change D. fortune
49. A. Enjoy B. Share C. Protect D. Cheer
50. A. lost B. exposed C. wronged D. seen
51. A. significant B. occasional C. grateful D. influential
52. A. idea B. breakfast C. joy D. story
53. A. feeling B. comfort C. power D. consequence
54. A. carrying it through B. paying it forward C. making it up D. putting it down
55. A. approach B. address C. bless D. watch
Characteristics of Rational Cloze
做题步骤：
1
理解大意
通读全文
2
确定词性
分析句子
3
确定词形
根据语义
4
前后连贯
检查搭配
语篇7
The Chinese zodiac, also known as Sheng Xiao or Shu Xiang, is a ____56____ (repeat) circle of 12 years. Each year ____57____ (represent) by an animal. Chinese New Year 2024 is a year of the Loong.
Chinese Zodiac Loong is the ____58____ (five) of the 12 zodiac animals, following the Rot, Ox, Tiger and Rabbit. People born in the year of the Loong — an animal no one knows if it existed in real world—are enveloped in mystery, and very charming.
Back in the pre-Qin period over 2,200 years ago, there was already the Chinese zodiac signs theory. So it is ____59____ (reason) that Chinese Zodiac years are in agreement with the beginning of Chinese Lunar New Year. If you have an idea of Lunar Calendar, you will know ____60____ Chinese zodiac year often starts from late January and ends in middle February of the next year.
Therefore, to see what your Chinese zodiac animal is, ____61____ to confirm whether you are a Loong, you need to change your Gregorian calendar birthday to Lunar Calendar of the year you were born. For example, if you were born ____62____ February 16, 1988 (a year of the Loong), the Lunar New Year’s Eve, which was very close to Loong year, but you are a Rabbit.
____63____ is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the different Loong years, they may have very different ____64____ (personality), and horoscope, due to the Five Elements, which are Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. Each element _____65_____ (come) in a 60-year cycle.
repeating
is represented
fifth
reasonable
a
or
on
What
personalities
comes
Characteristics of practical writing
01
02
03
篇幅较短，有小标题
专有名词较多
数字较多
做题技巧：
1.先看题目
2.定位原则
3.题序原则
专有名词
动词，形容词
4.同义替换
语篇8
Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.
Albert Einstein—The Atomic Bomb
It’s Albert Einstein’s work that made the creation of the atomic bomb possible.
However, years later Einstein regretted having signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging him to support the research into nuclear chain reactions, because he believed the Germans were already working on it. “Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”
Ethan Zuckerman—The Pop-up Advertisement
If you’ve ever found yourself yelling at your computer screen in frustration as yet another pop-up ad leaps into view, Zuckerman is the person to blame. “The business model that got us funded was advertising. The model was analyzing users’ personal homepages so we could better target ads to them. Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad,” Zuckerman explained.
Bob Propst—The Office Cubicle
In the 1960s, Bob Propst introduced the office cubicle to Americans. It was designed to “give knowledge workers a more flexible environment than the rat-maze boxes of panies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles. However, Propst came to complain his invention. “The cubiclizing of people in modem corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.
1．What are the initial purpose of the inventions of the Pop-up Advertisement and the Office Cubicle
A．To save money. B．To entertain the users.
C．To benefit the companies. D．To impress the companies.
2．What do the three inventions have in common
A．Their inventors regretted their creations.
B．They are disliked by all those who use them.
C．They have been widely used in our daily life.
D．The inventions could save a lot of money.
3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A．Story. B．Business. C．Education. D．Technology.
推理判断题
细节理解题
细节理解题
1. 记事类
bring out the topic点题
Ending
结局
conclusion升华主题
2. 写人
引出人物
人物生平、成就等
人物影响
Development
发展
beginning开端
Climax
高潮
重难点
强调对细节理解的考察
Characteristics of narrative writing
记叙文中细节理解题命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的______和__________________层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
故事发展的顺序
脉络
根据题干和选项信息大胆预测文章内容
预测文章内容
抓题干定位词锁定命题据
根据篇章结构特点快速抓住主旨大意
做题技巧：
语篇9
As I wash dishes at the kitchen sink, my husband, Scott, paces behind me, annoyed. “Have you seen my keys ” he asks. In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband. But that only made him angrier. Now, I focus on the wet dish in my hands. I don’t turn around. I don’t say a word. I’m using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.
For a book I was writing about animal trainers’ school, I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard. Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband. The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I don’t. After all, you don’t get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by talking. The same goes for the American husband.
I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket. If he threw in two, I’d kiss him. I was using what trainers call “approximations”, rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour. With Scott the husband, I began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, or was on time for anything.
I followed the students to Sea World San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (L. R. S.). When a dolphin does something wrong, the trainer doesn’t respond in any way. The idea is that any response, positive or negative, fuels a behaviour. If a behaviour causes no response, it typically dies away. It was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing. It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm, but results were immediate. I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.
4．What can we infer about the writer
A．She treats her husband like animals. B．She often quarrels with her husband.
C．She behaves differently to her husband. D．She’s determined to learn from the dolphin.
5．How did the writer get the idea of treating her husband
A．By rewarding her husband. B．By writing a book on animals.
C．By focusing on washing the dishes. D．By watching professional training.
6．What will happen if the trainer doesn’t respond to the dolphin’s mistake
A．It will forget the mistake. B．It will feel embarrassed.
C．It will remember its mistake. D．It will repeat the wrong action.
7．What is the tone of the text
A．Serious. B．Humorous. C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
推理判断题
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇10
If you have trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime.
To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body has an average temperature of 37℃. But your core body temperature drops as much as 1.2℃ over one night's sleep. This gradual decrease is a key part of how we sleep. Put simply, the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep.
One way that your body controls its temperature is through blood vessels (血管) in the skin. If your body is too hot, your blood vessels widen, pushing the warmer blood nearer the skin's surface, helping it to cool. If your body is too cold, the opposite happens. Your blood vessels narrow, restricting the flow of blood to the surface.
The palms of your feet are one of your body's most efficient heat exchangers, since they are hairless and less protected than other skin surfaces. Researchers have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel widening, which in turn lowers the body's core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet.
Scientists suspect that socked feet have a sleep-benefiting effect on the brain as well. The warm-sensitive neurons (神经元) in the brain become more active when there's a temperature difference between the body's core and the feet. Researchers have found that these neurons become more active as we get sleepy and slow down as we wake up, so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give them an extra drive, making you feel sleepier.
In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special “sleeping socks” not only sped up the coming of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half. If you're worried about becoming too warm, look for socks made of natural fibers.
8．In which section of a newspaper can we find this text
A．Lifestyle. B．Trend. C．Opinion. D．Advertisement.
9．What change does warm feet bring to the body
A．Slowed brain reaction. B．Narrowed blood vessels.
C．Decreased blood pressure. D．Reduced core body temperature.
10．How might the brain's warm-sensitive neurons help sleep
A．To help to warm up the feet. B．To speed up temperature growth.
C．To bring on sleepiness when activated. D．To slow down the brain's blood flow.
11．What is the finding of the small study mentioned in the last paragraph
A．The warmth of socks depends on their material.
B．People wearing socks fall asleep 50 percent faster.
C．Special socks increase temperature more effectively.
D．Sock wearing helps people sleep longer and wake less.
推理判断题
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇11
In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing, which is not drought-stricken. In fact, it is greener and cleaner than ever before. That is because the lawns (草坪) are actually artificial substitutes.
Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates (庄园) have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. “What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’,” says Fiona Davison of the RHS (皇家园林协会). With the coming of grass-cutting machines in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.
But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2015. Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too — people now see gardens as “outside rooms” — pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.
Not everyone is a fan. Artificial grass contains microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding. A study finds earthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under rubber, a form of artificial grass, which might not be a problem for its fans, as wormholes are regular disgusting things, but it disappoints green types. Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming, many having caught the bug during COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, a landscape designer says they like things less neat and try “to capture that wild element”. These eco-gardeners are influenced by rewilding projects and are more likely to be environmentalists.
While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.
12．What can be inferred from Davison’s remark in Paragraph 2
A．She is very rich.
B．High-quality grassland is valued.
C．Operating a cutting machine is fun.
D．The gardening competition is fierce.
13．What possibly contributes to the popularity of artificial grass
A．Messy grasslands. B．Gardens’ new function.
C．Advertising campaigns. D．Ill-mannered children and dogs.
14．What can replace the underlined phrase “caught the bug” in Paragraph 4
A．got infected. B．lost their temper.
C．became depressed. D．develop the passion.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A．The Barrier of British Grassland
B．The Appeal of Grassland for Britons
C．The Fight to Define the Great British Garden
D．The Competition to Become the Best Grassland
gist of the passage(概括主旨)
creative; novel (创新，新颖)
simple；clarified(简洁明了)
推理判断题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
Characteristics of seven-option items
七选五阅读
材料特征
主题语境
人与自我
人与社会（常考）
人与自然
语篇结构
文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有
总——分(——总)结构常见
短文长度 约300词(230~320)
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。（考试说明）
通常五六段，有时三四段
语篇类型
说明文(常考)
记叙文/议论文(偶尔考)
解题步骤1： 分析文章结构
（较为常见）
2. 总-分-总
1. 总-分
语篇结构：
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
正确选项的结构特点：
1. 小标题：句式结构与各段一致，与段落主题内容贴合度高；
2. 主题句（段首题优先做） ：①与本段段落内容贴合度高；② 段落与段落之间的过渡句 （难题）
3. 段尾 （段尾题优先做）① 与空格前一句有句间逻辑关系 （此类较多） ②对本段进行小结 （较少）③段落之间衔接 （较少）
所选选项要与本段内容贴合度高
选项
词汇
特点
1. 同词/近义词/同根词/ 同畴词（上下义词）复现
2. 逻辑词（选项中的逻辑词或空格后的句子有逻辑词）或考生利用上中下三个句子的关系，推断句间逻辑关系 （该类题难度较大）
3. 代词
① 选项中出现代词 （主语或宾语或介宾）
原文空格后出现代词
注意1：正确选项可能为： ①逻辑词+词汇复现 ②逻辑词+代词
注意2： 正确选项代入原文后，上下句的协同性可以通过词汇复现来体现，使上下句出现某一意义的重叠。
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
冗余
选项
特点
有两个相似的句式 （祈使句有出现多个的情况）
（可能产生冗余选项）
2. 有两个选项出现相同的名词，形容词或动词等
（可能产生冗余选项）
3. 选项没有特别鲜明的特征，该句子仍然会出现的核心词汇，但有可能核心词汇与空格所在段落无关或者语义与原文相悖或截然相反。（要准确理解选项句意）
解题步骤3:冗余选项如何排除
语篇12
We’re faced with so many decisions that it’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there are many ways to improve our chances and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking. There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.____16____.
●Develop your question. ____17____. For example, if you’ re deciding whether to try out the newest diet, your reasons for doing so may be defeated by other factors. But what is important is to find what you’ re looking for and decide whether the try really suits your needs.
●Gather your information. There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options.____18____ .
●____19____. This is something you do by asking critical questions. Facing a decision, ask yourself, “What concepts are at work ” “What assumptions exist ” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound ”
●Explore other points of view. ____20____. However, exploring others’ viewpoints is good for you to understand the decision from different angles. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately make better choices.
A．Consider the decision
B．Apply the information
C．In other words, know what you desire for
D．You may disagree with everything that others say
E．It moves you closer to a decision that meets your goal
F．Every day, a sea of decisions are possible to lie before us
G．Below, Samantha explains four tips to improve your critical thinking
G．Below, Samantha explains four tips to improve your critical thinking
C．In other words, know what you desire for
E．It moves you closer to a decision that meets your goal
B．Apply the information
D．You may disagree with everything that others say
语篇结构：总分
Characteristics of Cloze
1.体裁上：
主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2.内容上：
讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事， 首段交代故事重要信息，末尾进行升华，揭示人生的道理, 富有思想性教育性;
3. 考点上：
考察重点多为实词:名/ 代/动词/形容/副词/连词等；关注语境背景知识,侧重上下文段衔接；考察篇章整体理解，还原完善文章信息的语言能力以及逻辑思维与判断能力。
做题步骤：
1. 通览—速读全文， 把握大意
2. 试填—紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
3. 复核—全面检查，连贯准确
行文逻辑
词义复现
生活常识
揣摩语境
做题技巧：
语篇13
As an athlete, I’ve always worked hard to push myself to my limits. And with that usually come some ____21____ and pains. So last year when I started to feel some muscle soreness (酸痛) after a____22____ physical exercise, at first I didn’t think it was a big deal. I was ____23____ for a marathon at the time, so over the weekend I’d done a 20-kilormete ____24____. The following Tuesday I hit my favourite gym to do a workout that ____25____ a lot of upper body weight lifting. My ____26____ told me to take it easy on my body, but I ____27____I’d be fine and powered through it. Afterward, my coach noticed a ____28____ swelling in my arm and said he was worried. I tried to brush him off but he ____29____ I drink a lot of water and check in with him in a few hours. Sure enough, by that afternoon the swelling had ____30____ and I headed to the doctor. I still thought he was making a mountain out of a molehill, but I ____31____ my coach so I did it.
The doctor took a close look at the swelling and diagnosed me with rhabdomyolysis (横纹肌溶解症), a ____32____ condition where muscle overuse causes kidney failure. As they gave me some medicine to help ____33____ the toxins (毒素), my doctor told me that we would have been having this discussion in the emergency room if I’d ____34____ even another 30 minutes. Things were touch-and-go over the weekend but I made a full ____35____. Thankfully I had a great coach I could trust-he saved my life!
B．aches
A．tough
D．training
C．run
D．involved
B．coach
D．figured
C．slight
A．insisted
C．increased
trusted
D．life-threatening
B．clear out
C．waited
A．recovery
小题大做
惊险的
不理睬
21．A．sorrows B．aches C．coughs D．faults
22．A．tough B．normal C．harmful D．limited
23．A．working B．applying C．searching D．training
24．A．walk B．swim C．run D．drive
25．A．recorded B．matched C．arranged D．involved
26．A．doctor B．coach C．teachers D．colleagues
27．A．doubted B．wondered C．realized D．figured
28．A．deadly B．frightening C．slight D．different
29．A．insisted B．begged C．resolved D．ordered
30．A．flattened B．emerged C．increased D．broken
31．A．trusted B．refused C．tricked D．supported
32．A．distinguishing B．mind-destroying C．embarrassing D．life-threatening
33．A．put away B．clear out C．give away D．bring out
34．A．slept B．wandered C．waited D．saved
35．A．recovery B．preparation C．contribution D．assessment
Characteristics of Rational Cloze
做题步骤：
1
理解大意
通读全文
2
确定词性
分析句子
3
确定词形
根据语义
4
前后连贯
检查搭配
语篇14
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not ____36____(previous) selected, and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work, and the committee ____37____ (adjust) requirements for volunteers in ____38____(consider) of virus control and prevention.
"____39____ you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is an excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism," the committee says in the letter.
Many applicants said they ____40____ (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online. A netizen (网民) ____41____ (name) Joleen-kun said their application had been seen, which was something to be proud ____42____ as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details, thus ____43____ (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, most of ____44____ are from colleges and _____45_____(university) in Beijing and Hebei Province.
previously
．has adjusted/adjusted
consideration
Although/Though/While
were moved
named
of
sending
whom
universities
高考英语全国卷区阅读理解语篇体裁分布特点
由图可知，以历史、社会与文化为主题的说明文在英语高考中出现次数最多，占比18.2%，也就是说每一张高考英语卷都会出现一道该类型的阅读题；而以科技与技术为主题的说明文排第二，占比14.5%，也就是说每三年高考都会出现两次该类型题目;而排在第三位的则是以文学、艺术与体育为主题的应用文，紧接着又是以历史、社会与文化为主题的应用文。
Characteristics of practical writing
01
02
03
篇幅较短，有小标题
专有名词较多
数字较多
做题技巧：
1.先看题目
2.定位原则
3.题序原则
专有名词
动词，形容词
4.同义替换
题序原则
语篇1
Books That Celebrate Diverse Holidays and Traditions
It’s important to remember there are a diverse set of holidays available to explore. Below are a few books that help introduce children to different holiday cultures and traditions.
Too Many Tamales by Gary Soto, illustrated by Ed Martinez
While helping her mother with Christmas celebration, Maria is tempted to try on her mother’s diamond ring. After getting caught up in the joy of the holiday and playing with her cousins, Maria realizes the ring is missing! That’s when she and her cousins come up with a plan to eat all of the tamales, in hopes of finding the ring.
Together for Kwanzaa by Juwanda G. Ford, illustrated by Shelly Hehenberger
This is a story about a little girl named Kayla who wants to see her older brother Khari come home so they can celebrate Kwanzaa together as a family. Khari is stuck at college when a snowstorm hits and his car breaks down. Will he make it home in time for Kwanzaa
A Child’s Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman
This book is a funny, nostalgic tale of Christmas Eve afternoon through Christmas night in Wales, and is full of unique imagery and poetic prose. It will arouse a sense of familiarity for some young readers while introducing them to different aspects of Christmas traditions.
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga by Traci Sorell, illustrated by Frane Lessac
The word otsaliheliga is used by members of the Cherokee Nation to express gratitude. This is an amazing story that describes a journey through the seasons with a modern-day Cherokee family. Cherokee history and traditions are also woven into the story in a very kid-friendly way.
common point
共同点
paraphrasing
同义替换
21. What makes it difficult for Khari to return home in time for Kwanzaa
A. A car crash. B. Delayed flights. C. Extreme weather. D. Academic pressure.
22. Who provides pictures for A Child’s Christmas in Wales
A. Traci Sorell. B. Ed Martinez. C. Dylan Thomas. D. Trina Schart Hyman.
23. The four books all inform readers of ______.
A. how to find hidden treasures at home B. how to strengthen bonds with friends
C. the lifestyles of different ethnic groups D. different holiday celebrations and customs
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
1. 记事类
bring out the topic点题
Ending
结局
conclusion升华主题
2. 写人
引出人物
人物生平、成就等
人物影响
Development
发展
beginning开端
Climax
高潮
重难点
强调对细节理解的考察
Characteristics of narrative writing
记叙文中细节理解题命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的______和__________________层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
故事发展的顺序
脉络
根据题干和选项信息大胆预测文章内容
预测文章内容
抓题干定位词锁定命题据
根据篇章结构特点快速抓住主旨大意
做题技巧：
语篇2
Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table, a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. Ten years ago, she and her family moved to a new home in Austin, Texas.
One day, Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party. She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake. “After the party, I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard, just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out. They played games, did crafts and ate snacks. “We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says. “We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat. Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea. Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too. A movement was born. “It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says. The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes. They think their house is too messy, it’s not big enough or they don’t have enough time. “Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says. Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community. “People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,” she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings, thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world. Not all of them are actually turquoise. “No matter what color it is, it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
creative
sociable
24. Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
A. To host more parties in her front yard. B. To entertain her friends and neighbors.
C. To engage with people in the neighbourhood. D. To create harmonious communities worldwide.
25. Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
A.Creative and sociable. B. Friendly and humorous.
C. Generous and ambitious. D. Cautious and responsible.
26. What can be inferred from the text
A. People don’t like others to step into their houses.
B. The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
C. Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
D. People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
27. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Love Your Neighbors B. An Amazing Woman
C. Happy Front Yard Time D. Tables Where All Are Welcome
细节理解题
主旨大意题
推理判断题
细节理解题
Paraphrasing: connect with
Paraphrasing: states and in 13 countries around the world
gist of the passage(概括主旨)
creative; novel (创新，新颖)
simple；clarified(简洁明了)
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
语篇3
If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface The second question is easier to answer: a lot.
Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
Paraphrasing：disturb
损耗
赫拉克勒斯的任务：困难的
Paraphrasing： guarantee
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
推理判断题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
28. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2
A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence.
C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception.
29. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing
A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself.
C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure.
30 What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts.
31. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about
A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology.
B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
an idea that is not correct
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇4
About ten years ago logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms (算法) to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics.
Kyle Chayka, a writer for The New Yorker, discusses this topic in his book, Filterworld. He explains that algorithms analyze user data to predict and influence what they will likely engage with. This means that instead of a simple, chronological feed, users encounter a dynamic stream, constantly adapting to their preferences. Chayka examines how these algorithmic recommendations control what we consume, from music and movies to food and travel destinations. He argues that this machine-driven selection process has turned us into passive consumers, making our preferences and tastes more similar.
Chayka points out that algorithms make us passive by always showing us content that we’re unlikely to click away from but won’t find too unexpected or challenging. This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors.
Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms. For instance, musicians on Spotify or TikTok might focus on creating catchy hooks at the beginning of their songs to grab the listener’s attention.
Despite the strong presence of these algorithms, Chayka believes that regulation could reduce their influence. He suggests that if Meta, the parent company of Facebook, were required to separate its various services, like Instagram or WhatsApp, and make them compete with each other, it could give users more control and choice over their digital consumption.
In summary, the change from simple, time-ordered social. media posts to algorithm-driven content has a big impact on both the viewers and the creators, influencing what we see, hear, and even think. Chayka’s insights highlight the need for greater awareness and potentially more regulation in our increasingly digital world.
Paraphrasing: make adjustments to
satisfy
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
32. According to the text how have social media platforms changed in the past ten years
A. They show posts in a time-based order.
B. They prioritize posts from friends and family.
C. They make adjustments to satisfy users’ needs.
D. They provide more content to meet different needs.
33. What does Kyle Chayka think of algorithmic recommendations
A. They make users more active consumers.
B. They shape users’ preferences and behaviors.
C. They reduce the influence of content creators.
D. They expose users to diverse and challenging content.
34. How do algorithms influence musicians’ work on digital platforms
A. By encouraging musicians to create longer songs.
B. By discouraging musicians from using catchy hooks.
C. By giving musicians more control and choice over their music.
D. By requiring musicians to create their work to fit the platforms.
35. What can be concluded from the text
A. Tech companies should have more departments.
B. Social media algorithms give content creators less opportunities.
C. Social media algorithms flatten our culture by making decisions for us.
D. Network platforms have increased the common recommendations for 10 years.
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
阻止某人做某事
Characteristics of seven-option items
七选五阅读
材料特征
主题语境
人与自我
人与社会（常考）
人与自然
语篇结构
文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有
总——分(——总)结构常见
短文长度 约300词(230~320)
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。（考试说明）
通常五六段，有时三四段
语篇类型
说明文(常考)
记叙文/议论文(偶尔考)
解题步骤1： 分析文章结构
（较为常见）
2. 总-分-总
1. 总-分
语篇结构：
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
正确选项的结构特点：
1. 小标题：句式结构与各段一致，与段落主题内容贴合度高；
2. 主题句（段首题优先做） ：①与本段段落内容贴合度高；② 段落与段落之间的过渡句 （难题）
3. 段尾 （段尾题优先做）① 与空格前一句有句间逻辑关系 （此类较多） ②对本段进行小结 （较少）③段落之间衔接 （较少）
所选选项要与本段内容贴合度高
选项
词汇
特点
1. 同词/近义词/同根词/ 同畴词（上下义词）复现
2. 逻辑词（选项中的逻辑词或空格后的句子有逻辑词）或考生利用上中下三个句子的关系，推断句间逻辑关系 （该类题难度较大）
3. 代词
① 选项中出现代词 （主语或宾语或介宾）
原文空格后出现代词
注意1：正确选项可能为： ①逻辑词+词汇复现 ②逻辑词+代词
注意2： 正确选项代入原文后，上下句的协同性可以通过词汇复现来体现，使上下句出现某一意义的重叠。
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
冗余
选项
特点
有两个相似的句式 （祈使句有出现多个的情况）
（可能产生冗余选项）
2. 有两个选项出现相同的名词，形容词或动词等
（可能产生冗余选项）
3. 选项没有特别鲜明的特征，该句子仍然会出现的核心词汇，但有可能核心词汇与空格所在段落无关或者语义与原文相悖或截然相反。（要准确理解选项句意）
解题步骤3:冗余选项如何排除
语篇5
How to Protect Against Undue Influence Online
The potential for undue influence has become increasingly significant in this era of digital interconnectivity. Undue influence can affect our perceptions and influence our decisions. It may even endanger our autonomy (自主) and mental health. ____36____
Understand what undue influence is
The first step to protecting yourself is understanding what undue influence is. Undue influence refers to a situation in which an individual or group employs unreasonable control over another person’s behavior information, thoughts, and emotions. ____37____ Disinformation campaigns, persuasive advertising, and even content designed to cause fear, uncertainty, or dependency may often appear online.
Develop media literacy skills
In an age of fake news, it is crucial to develop media literacy skills. ____38____ Become a consumer who can tell the quality of information, identify the source, check for credibility, and look for your unconscious assumptions and preferences.
____39____
Delete as much data as you can about yourself. Be mindful of what information you share online, and always ensure that your online activities are secured through reliable sources. Review all policies on platforms, especially “free” ones. If you aren’t paying, then you are the product, as in many cases, they are selling your data.
By including these steps into your digital life, you can protect yourself from undue influence in the online world, ensuring that you can think and act independently, free from ill control.
____40____ It is your mind. Only you should control it!
G
D
F
A
E
unreasonable
文章结构：总分总
G. Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence.
D. In the digital world, undue influence can take many forms.
F. They involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in various forms.
A. Prioritize privacy
E. Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence.
A. Prioritize privacy
B. Be mindful of free ones
C. It’s vital to have a healthy Internet and real-life balance.
D. In the digital world, undue influence can take many forms.
E. Everyone deserves the right to live free from undue influence.
F. They involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in various forms.
G. Here are some essential strategies for you to protect yourself online from undue influence.
注意
Characteristics of Cloze
1.体裁上：
主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2.内容上：
讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事， 首段交代故事重要信息，末尾进行升华，揭示人生的道理, 富有思想性教育性;
3. 考点上：
考察重点多为实词:名/ 代/动词/形容/副词/连词等；关注语境背景知识,侧重上下文段衔接；考察篇章整体理解，还原完善文章信息的语言能力以及逻辑思维与判断能力。
做题步骤：
1. 通览—速读全文， 把握大意
2. 试填—紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
3. 复核—全面检查，连贯准确
行文逻辑
词义复现
生活常识
揣摩语境
做题技巧：
语篇6
Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day. He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating, and just doing his ____41____ thing.
But then he noticed a ____42____ staring at him. He was ____43____. “What is going on ” “They kept ____44____ at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it ____45____, the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son, and they felt inspired while watching the ____46____. Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal. He was given by the waiter a ____47____ from the couple, saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some ____48____ for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read. “____49____ that baby as long as possible. The Masons.”
For Smith, it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling _____50_____. He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn’t have a father figure growing up, so spending this time with his son is super _____51_____ to him.
He wrote that he’ll share this _____52_____ with his son when he’s older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the _____53_____ of giving back.
“I make sure I’m _____54_____,” Smith wrapped. “I get blessed — I want to _____55_____ someone else.”
D. regular
C. couple
B. confused
C. smiling
A. turns out
A. relationship
B. note
B. cash
A. Enjoy
D. seen
A. significant
D. story
C. power
B. paying it forward
C. bless
41. A. unusual B. rare C. big D. regular
42. A. stranger B. woman C. couple D. waiter
43. A. embarrassed B. confused C. worried D. scared
44. A. shouting B. aiming C. smiling D. getting
45. A. turns out B. turns on C. strikes out D. goes on
46. A. relationship B. appreciation C. friendship D. instruction
47. A. bill B. note C. excuse D. notice
48. A. credit B. cash C. change D. fortune
49. A. Enjoy B. Share C. Protect D. Cheer
50. A. lost B. exposed C. wronged D. seen
51. A. significant B. occasional C. grateful D. influential
52. A. idea B. breakfast C. joy D. story
53. A. feeling B. comfort C. power D. consequence
54. A. carrying it through B. paying it forward C. making it up D. putting it down
55. A. approach B. address C. bless D. watch
Characteristics of Rational Cloze
做题步骤：
1
理解大意
通读全文
2
确定词性
分析句子
3
确定词形
根据语义
4
前后连贯
检查搭配
语篇7
The Chinese zodiac, also known as Sheng Xiao or Shu Xiang, is a ____56____ (repeat) circle of 12 years. Each year ____57____ (represent) by an animal. Chinese New Year 2024 is a year of the Loong.
Chinese Zodiac Loong is the ____58____ (five) of the 12 zodiac animals, following the Rot, Ox, Tiger and Rabbit. People born in the year of the Loong — an animal no one knows if it existed in real world—are enveloped in mystery, and very charming.
Back in the pre-Qin period over 2,200 years ago, there was already the Chinese zodiac signs theory. So it is ____59____ (reason) that Chinese Zodiac years are in agreement with the beginning of Chinese Lunar New Year. If you have an idea of Lunar Calendar, you will know ____60____ Chinese zodiac year often starts from late January and ends in middle February of the next year.
Therefore, to see what your Chinese zodiac animal is, ____61____ to confirm whether you are a Loong, you need to change your Gregorian calendar birthday to Lunar Calendar of the year you were born. For example, if you were born ____62____ February 16, 1988 (a year of the Loong), the Lunar New Year’s Eve, which was very close to Loong year, but you are a Rabbit.
____63____ is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the different Loong years, they may have very different ____64____ (personality), and horoscope, due to the Five Elements, which are Gold, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. Each element _____65_____ (come) in a 60-year cycle.
repeating
is represented
fifth
reasonable
a
or
on
What
personalities
comes
Characteristics of practical writing
01
02
03
篇幅较短，有小标题
专有名词较多
数字较多
做题技巧：
1.先看题目
2.定位原则
3.题序原则
专有名词
动词，形容词
4.同义替换
语篇8
Most of us have dreamed of being a great inventor to create something great. However, just because someone’s invented something, it doesn’t mean that they’re happy with the end result.
Albert Einstein—The Atomic Bomb
It’s Albert Einstein’s work that made the creation of the atomic bomb possible.
However, years later Einstein regretted having signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging him to support the research into nuclear chain reactions, because he believed the Germans were already working on it. “Had I known that the Germans would not succeed in producing an atomic bomb,” he said, “I would have never lifted a finger.”
Ethan Zuckerman—The Pop-up Advertisement
If you’ve ever found yourself yelling at your computer screen in frustration as yet another pop-up ad leaps into view, Zuckerman is the person to blame. “The business model that got us funded was advertising. The model was analyzing users’ personal homepages so we could better target ads to them. Along the way, we ended up creating one of the most hated tools in the advertiser’s toolkit: the pop-up ad,” Zuckerman explained.
Bob Propst—The Office Cubicle
In the 1960s, Bob Propst introduced the office cubicle to Americans. It was designed to “give knowledge workers a more flexible environment than the rat-maze boxes of panies saw his invention as a way to save money, doing away with individual offices and replacing them with open plans and cubicles. However, Propst came to complain his invention. “The cubiclizing of people in modem corporations is extremely mad and stupid,” he said.
1．What are the initial purpose of the inventions of the Pop-up Advertisement and the Office Cubicle
A．To save money. B．To entertain the users.
C．To benefit the companies. D．To impress the companies.
2．What do the three inventions have in common
A．Their inventors regretted their creations.
B．They are disliked by all those who use them.
C．They have been widely used in our daily life.
D．The inventions could save a lot of money.
3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A．Story. B．Business. C．Education. D．Technology.
推理判断题
细节理解题
细节理解题
1. 记事类
bring out the topic点题
Ending
结局
conclusion升华主题
2. 写人
引出人物
人物生平、成就等
人物影响
Development
发展
beginning开端
Climax
高潮
重难点
强调对细节理解的考察
Characteristics of narrative writing
记叙文中细节理解题命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的______和__________________层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
故事发展的顺序
脉络
根据题干和选项信息大胆预测文章内容
预测文章内容
抓题干定位词锁定命题据
根据篇章结构特点快速抓住主旨大意
做题技巧：
语篇9
As I wash dishes at the kitchen sink, my husband, Scott, paces behind me, annoyed. “Have you seen my keys ” he asks. In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to comfort my husband. But that only made him angrier. Now, I focus on the wet dish in my hands. I don’t turn around. I don’t say a word. I’m using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.
For a book I was writing about animal trainers’ school, I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the seemingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on command and chimps to skateboard. Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband. The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I don’t. After all, you don’t get a sea lion to balance a ball on the end of its nose by talking. The same goes for the American husband.
I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket. If he threw in two, I’d kiss him. I was using what trainers call “approximations”, rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour. With Scott the husband, I began to praise every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, or was on time for anything.
I followed the students to Sea World San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (L. R. S.). When a dolphin does something wrong, the trainer doesn’t respond in any way. The idea is that any response, positive or negative, fuels a behaviour. If a behaviour causes no response, it typically dies away. It was only a matter of time before he was again searching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing. It took a lot of discipline to maintain my calm, but results were immediate. I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.
4．What can we infer about the writer
A．She treats her husband like animals. B．She often quarrels with her husband.
C．She behaves differently to her husband. D．She’s determined to learn from the dolphin.
5．How did the writer get the idea of treating her husband
A．By rewarding her husband. B．By writing a book on animals.
C．By focusing on washing the dishes. D．By watching professional training.
6．What will happen if the trainer doesn’t respond to the dolphin’s mistake
A．It will forget the mistake. B．It will feel embarrassed.
C．It will remember its mistake. D．It will repeat the wrong action.
7．What is the tone of the text
A．Serious. B．Humorous. C．Aggressive. D．Doubtful.
细节理解题
细节理解题
推理判断题
推理判断题
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇10
If you have trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime.
To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body has an average temperature of 37℃. But your core body temperature drops as much as 1.2℃ over one night's sleep. This gradual decrease is a key part of how we sleep. Put simply, the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep.
One way that your body controls its temperature is through blood vessels (血管) in the skin. If your body is too hot, your blood vessels widen, pushing the warmer blood nearer the skin's surface, helping it to cool. If your body is too cold, the opposite happens. Your blood vessels narrow, restricting the flow of blood to the surface.
The palms of your feet are one of your body's most efficient heat exchangers, since they are hairless and less protected than other skin surfaces. Researchers have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel widening, which in turn lowers the body's core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet.
Scientists suspect that socked feet have a sleep-benefiting effect on the brain as well. The warm-sensitive neurons (神经元) in the brain become more active when there's a temperature difference between the body's core and the feet. Researchers have found that these neurons become more active as we get sleepy and slow down as we wake up, so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give them an extra drive, making you feel sleepier.
In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special “sleeping socks” not only sped up the coming of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half. If you're worried about becoming too warm, look for socks made of natural fibers.
8．In which section of a newspaper can we find this text
A．Lifestyle. B．Trend. C．Opinion. D．Advertisement.
9．What change does warm feet bring to the body
A．Slowed brain reaction. B．Narrowed blood vessels.
C．Decreased blood pressure. D．Reduced core body temperature.
10．How might the brain's warm-sensitive neurons help sleep
A．To help to warm up the feet. B．To speed up temperature growth.
C．To bring on sleepiness when activated. D．To slow down the brain's blood flow.
11．What is the finding of the small study mentioned in the last paragraph
A．The warmth of socks depends on their material.
B．People wearing socks fall asleep 50 percent faster.
C．Special socks increase temperature more effectively.
D．Sock wearing helps people sleep longer and wake less.
推理判断题
细节理解题
细节理解题
细节理解题
Characteristics of expository writing
语篇结构：
1）介绍描述类
被介绍对象+特征1+特征2+特征3+总结
2）研究报告类：
研究报告的主题（第一二段：问题/现象/旧研究-新研究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议
3)新鲜科技类
新鲜科技的独特性+过程+原理+用途+前景
技巧点拨1：同义替换表达
技巧点拨2：关注代词和冒号的用法
技巧点拨3：分析词汇的上下义词
技巧点拨4：长难句分析，化繁为简
技巧点拨5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系
技巧点拨6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度
技巧点拨7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段
做题技巧：
赞成
positive 积极的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的
favorable 赞许的
反对
negative 消极的
disapproving 不赞成的
dissatisfied 不满意的
critical 批判的
worried 担忧的
doubtful 怀疑的
中立
objective客观的
neutral中立的
indifferent 漠不关心的
作者的态度：What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...
不清楚的
unclear 消极的
vague 模糊分
ambiguous
模棱两可的
语篇11
In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing, which is not drought-stricken. In fact, it is greener and cleaner than ever before. That is because the lawns (草坪) are actually artificial substitutes.
Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates (庄园) have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. “What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’,” says Fiona Davison of the RHS (皇家园林协会). With the coming of grass-cutting machines in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.
But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2015. Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too — people now see gardens as “outside rooms” — pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.
Not everyone is a fan. Artificial grass contains microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding. A study finds earthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under rubber, a form of artificial grass, which might not be a problem for its fans, as wormholes are regular disgusting things, but it disappoints green types. Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming, many having caught the bug during COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, a landscape designer says they like things less neat and try “to capture that wild element”. These eco-gardeners are influenced by rewilding projects and are more likely to be environmentalists.
While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.
12．What can be inferred from Davison’s remark in Paragraph 2
A．She is very rich.
B．High-quality grassland is valued.
C．Operating a cutting machine is fun.
D．The gardening competition is fierce.
13．What possibly contributes to the popularity of artificial grass
A．Messy grasslands. B．Gardens’ new function.
C．Advertising campaigns. D．Ill-mannered children and dogs.
14．What can replace the underlined phrase “caught the bug” in Paragraph 4
A．got infected. B．lost their temper.
C．became depressed. D．develop the passion.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text
A．The Barrier of British Grassland
B．The Appeal of Grassland for Britons
C．The Fight to Define the Great British Garden
D．The Competition to Become the Best Grassland
gist of the passage(概括主旨)
creative; novel (创新，新颖)
simple；clarified(简洁明了)
推理判断题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
Characteristics of seven-option items
七选五阅读
材料特征
主题语境
人与自我
人与社会（常考）
人与自然
语篇结构
文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有
总——分(——总)结构常见
短文长度 约300词(230~320)
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。（考试说明）
通常五六段，有时三四段
语篇类型
说明文(常考)
记叙文/议论文(偶尔考)
解题步骤1： 分析文章结构
（较为常见）
2. 总-分-总
1. 总-分
语篇结构：
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
正确选项的结构特点：
1. 小标题：句式结构与各段一致，与段落主题内容贴合度高；
2. 主题句（段首题优先做） ：①与本段段落内容贴合度高；② 段落与段落之间的过渡句 （难题）
3. 段尾 （段尾题优先做）① 与空格前一句有句间逻辑关系 （此类较多） ②对本段进行小结 （较少）③段落之间衔接 （较少）
所选选项要与本段内容贴合度高
选项
词汇
特点
1. 同词/近义词/同根词/ 同畴词（上下义词）复现
2. 逻辑词（选项中的逻辑词或空格后的句子有逻辑词）或考生利用上中下三个句子的关系，推断句间逻辑关系 （该类题难度较大）
3. 代词
① 选项中出现代词 （主语或宾语或介宾）
原文空格后出现代词
注意1：正确选项可能为： ①逻辑词+词汇复现 ②逻辑词+代词
注意2： 正确选项代入原文后，上下句的协同性可以通过词汇复现来体现，使上下句出现某一意义的重叠。
解题步骤2:关注选项特点，重点关注核心词
名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词
冗余
选项
特点
有两个相似的句式 （祈使句有出现多个的情况）
（可能产生冗余选项）
2. 有两个选项出现相同的名词，形容词或动词等
（可能产生冗余选项）
3. 选项没有特别鲜明的特征，该句子仍然会出现的核心词汇，但有可能核心词汇与空格所在段落无关或者语义与原文相悖或截然相反。（要准确理解选项句意）
解题步骤3:冗余选项如何排除
语篇12
We’re faced with so many decisions that it’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there are many ways to improve our chances and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking. There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.____16____.
●Develop your question. ____17____. For example, if you’ re deciding whether to try out the newest diet, your reasons for doing so may be defeated by other factors. But what is important is to find what you’ re looking for and decide whether the try really suits your needs.
●Gather your information. There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options.____18____ .
●____19____. This is something you do by asking critical questions. Facing a decision, ask yourself, “What concepts are at work ” “What assumptions exist ” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound ”
●Explore other points of view. ____20____. However, exploring others’ viewpoints is good for you to understand the decision from different angles. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately make better choices.
A．Consider the decision
B．Apply the information
C．In other words, know what you desire for
D．You may disagree with everything that others say
E．It moves you closer to a decision that meets your goal
F．Every day, a sea of decisions are possible to lie before us
G．Below, Samantha explains four tips to improve your critical thinking
G．Below, Samantha explains four tips to improve your critical thinking
C．In other words, know what you desire for
E．It moves you closer to a decision that meets your goal
B．Apply the information
D．You may disagree with everything that others say
语篇结构：总分
Characteristics of Cloze
1.体裁上：
主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2.内容上：
讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事， 首段交代故事重要信息，末尾进行升华，揭示人生的道理, 富有思想性教育性;
3. 考点上：
考察重点多为实词:名/ 代/动词/形容/副词/连词等；关注语境背景知识,侧重上下文段衔接；考察篇章整体理解，还原完善文章信息的语言能力以及逻辑思维与判断能力。
做题步骤：
1. 通览—速读全文， 把握大意
2. 试填—紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
3. 复核—全面检查，连贯准确
行文逻辑
词义复现
生活常识
揣摩语境
做题技巧：
语篇13
As an athlete, I’ve always worked hard to push myself to my limits. And with that usually come some ____21____ and pains. So last year when I started to feel some muscle soreness (酸痛) after a____22____ physical exercise, at first I didn’t think it was a big deal. I was ____23____ for a marathon at the time, so over the weekend I’d done a 20-kilormete ____24____. The following Tuesday I hit my favourite gym to do a workout that ____25____ a lot of upper body weight lifting. My ____26____ told me to take it easy on my body, but I ____27____I’d be fine and powered through it. Afterward, my coach noticed a ____28____ swelling in my arm and said he was worried. I tried to brush him off but he ____29____ I drink a lot of water and check in with him in a few hours. Sure enough, by that afternoon the swelling had ____30____ and I headed to the doctor. I still thought he was making a mountain out of a molehill, but I ____31____ my coach so I did it.
The doctor took a close look at the swelling and diagnosed me with rhabdomyolysis (横纹肌溶解症), a ____32____ condition where muscle overuse causes kidney failure. As they gave me some medicine to help ____33____ the toxins (毒素), my doctor told me that we would have been having this discussion in the emergency room if I’d ____34____ even another 30 minutes. Things were touch-and-go over the weekend but I made a full ____35____. Thankfully I had a great coach I could trust-he saved my life!
B．aches
A．tough
D．training
C．run
D．involved
B．coach
D．figured
C．slight
A．insisted
C．increased
trusted
D．life-threatening
B．clear out
C．waited
A．recovery
小题大做
惊险的
不理睬
21．A．sorrows B．aches C．coughs D．faults
22．A．tough B．normal C．harmful D．limited
23．A．working B．applying C．searching D．training
24．A．walk B．swim C．run D．drive
25．A．recorded B．matched C．arranged D．involved
26．A．doctor B．coach C．teachers D．colleagues
27．A．doubted B．wondered C．realized D．figured
28．A．deadly B．frightening C．slight D．different
29．A．insisted B．begged C．resolved D．ordered
30．A．flattened B．emerged C．increased D．broken
31．A．trusted B．refused C．tricked D．supported
32．A．distinguishing B．mind-destroying C．embarrassing D．life-threatening
33．A．put away B．clear out C．give away D．bring out
34．A．slept B．wandered C．waited D．saved
35．A．recovery B．preparation C．contribution D．assessment
Characteristics of Rational Cloze
做题步骤：
1
理解大意
通读全文
2
确定词性
分析句子
3
确定词形
根据语义
4
前后连贯
检查搭配
语篇14
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not ____36____(previous) selected, and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work, and the committee ____37____ (adjust) requirements for volunteers in ____38____(consider) of virus control and prevention.
"____39____ you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is an excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism," the committee says in the letter.
Many applicants said they ____40____ (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online. A netizen (网民) ____41____ (name) Joleen-kun said their application had been seen, which was something to be proud ____42____ as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details, thus ____43____ (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee, more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, most of ____44____ are from colleges and _____45_____(university) in Beijing and Hebei Province.
previously
．has adjusted/adjusted
consideration
Although/Though/While
were moved
named
of
sending
whom
universities