乌鲁木齐市第101中学 高三年级5月月考
英 语 试 卷
总分120分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
(一)阅读理解(15小题每题2.5分共37.5分)
Part 1：
NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons — bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) —claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi mura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
mura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by mura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, mura and Tu helped to discover.
1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.
A. river blindness
B. malaria
C. lymphatic filariasis
D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and mura, comes from ______.
A. bacteria B. plants C. farm animals D. ocean animals
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin
A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery.
D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
Part 2：
You may have already seen robot waiters in restaurants: waist-high machines that can greet guests, lead them to their tables, deliver food and drinks and carry dirty dishes to the kitchen. But are they the future
Many think they are the solution to the industry’s labor shortages. Sales of them have been growing rapidly in recent years, with tens of thousands now working in dining rooms. But others say they have a long way to go before they can replace humans. They can’t take orders, and many restaurants have steps and other physical challenges they can’t adapt to.
Still, the robots are increasing. Redwood City, Califomia-based Bear Robotics, introduced its service robot in 2021 and expects to have 10,000 used by the end of this year worldwide. The lack of labor sped up the adoption of robots globally. In the US, the restaurant industry employed 15 million people in 2022, but that was still 400,000 fewer than before the pandemic. In a recent survey, 62% of restaurant operators told the National Restaurant Association they don’t have enough employees to meet customer demand.
Public recognition of robot servers is already high in Asia. The US was slower to adopt robots, but some chains are now testing them. But not all chains have had success with robots. Chili’s introduced a robot server named Rita in 2020 and expanded the test to 61 US restaurants before abruptly stopping it last August. The chain found that Rita moved too slowly and got in the way of human servers. And 58% of guests surveyed said Rita didn’t improve their overall experience.
It’s expected that about 30% of restaurants will continue to have human servers and be considered more luxurious (豪华的), while the rest will rely on robots in the kitchen and in dining rooms. Economics are on the side of robots; the cost of human labor will continue to rise, but technology costs will fall. But that’s not a future everyone wants to see. “Humans don’t go to a full-service restaurant to be served by technology,” said Saru Jayaraman, president of One Fair Wage. “They go for the experience of themselves and the people they care about being served by a human.”
4. What can we learn about the numbers in paragraph 3
A. Robot waiters are a solution to labor shortages.
B. Robots play a more important role in restaurants.
C. Human beings are more likely to be out of work.
D. Restaurant owners prefer robot waiters to human waiters.
5. Why was Rita abandoned by restaurants
A. It could not finish the task correctly. B. It disturbed the dinners in the restaurant.
C. It added to the expense of the restaurant. D. It caused trouble for its human colleagues.
6. What might Saru Jayaraman probably agree with
A. Robot waiters have become a scenic spot in the restaurants.
B. Human waiters can’t be actually replaced by robot waiters.
C. The duties of robot and human waiters should be made clear.
D. Restaurants should balance the cost of robot and human labor.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Are robot waiters the future B. What can a robot do for you
C. Where can you find robot waiters D. Do robots bring convenience to us
Part 3：
Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice(牺牲)flavor. Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink producer Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, the chopsticks improve tastes using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer attached to a wrist.“The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions (钠离子) from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness,” said Miyashita.“As a result, the salty taste increases by 1.5 times.”
The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan, which tends to be high in salt. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt each day. That is almost two times the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood pressure, strokes and other conditions. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato added that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways, they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise, they would have to eat flavorless food.
“I want to overturn the idea that low salt means no flavor,” Miyashita declared.“The chopsticks make it possible to keep enjoying the foods we love, and in a healthier way.”He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year.
Miyashita and his research team have explored different ways that technology can interact with human senses. He has also developed a television screen that a person can lick (舔) to taste different food flavors. Meanwhile, research is also underway to develop other eating tools with special functions like electric spoons and forks using technology.
8 Who would probably be interested in the electric chopsticks
A. Those sticking to a balanced diet.
B. Those having eating disorders.
C. Those preferring homemade food.
D. Those wanting to take in less salt.
9. Why is traditional Japanese diet mentioned
A. To introduce what Japanese diet is like.
B. To stress how important chopsticks are for it.
C. To show what influence it has on the Japanese.
D. To explain why electric chopsticks are invented.
10 What does Miyashita expect of the electric chopsticks
A. They’ll reach consumers in the near future.
B. They’ll help change people’s eating habits.
C. They’ll be developed into various versions.
D They’ll inspire a whole new line of research.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Benefits of low-sodium diets.
B. Improvements to the Japanese diet.
C. Electric chopsticks increasing salty taste.
D An invention making food more delicious.
Part 4：
About15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a business owner and passionate cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel recumbent (侧卧的) bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon learned from his friend’s reaction. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon says. “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”
That smile launched the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (小儿康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning bike and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder band, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking system in the back. The bikes are expensive — $3, 000 to $4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s large discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old who had a back problem,” says McLindon. She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for special-needs triathlons (铁人三项). In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew there was an athlete me.”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies.” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes most important thing that I do.”
12. What inspired Andrew McLindon to search for a special bike online
A. His enthusiasm for cycling.
B. His ambition to start a new business.
C. His goal to invent a new type of bike.
D. His desire to help a boy with balance issues.
13. Why was McLindon Family Foundation established
A. To sponsor special-needs triathlons.
B. To raise money for pediatric rehab clinics.
C. To provide adaptive bikes for disabled children.
D. To offer a social network to children with special needs.
14. What benefit can adaptive bikes bring
A. They can offer medical treatment.
B. They can provide exercise and fun.
C. They can relieve physical suffering.
D. They can improve academic performance.
15. What does McLindon think of his work with the McLindon Family Foundation
A. It is a worthwhile effort.
B. It is a temporary solution.
C. It is financially rewarding.
D. It is technically challenging.
(二)七选五(5小题每题2.5分共12.5分)
Summer high school programs are courses some high school students take during the summer vacation. They take these courses either for remediation (补习) or for advancement. ____16____ They are to improve their test scores and prepare for the next school year.
Students may have different remediation needs to be dealt with in summer high school. Students who got very low test scores and failed a grade may have to retake certain courses. If they don’t take the courses, they may repeat a grade in the next school year. ____17____ There can be various reasons why students missed school days. For example, some students suffered from certain illness. Some students had family trips. Some of the others might meet with natural disasters (灾害).
Many other students go to summer high school for advancement instead of remediation. ____18____ However, they still want to do better in the future, so they choose to use summer classes as a way to prepare for more advanced subjects they’ll take in the future.
____19____ One is to take the programs offered online. The other is to take programs offered offline. Each type of programs has its own strengths. For example, the online programs allow students to take courses without leaving home. ____20____ Students can choose a type based on their own likes.
A. The programs are very popular.
B. They want to improve their test scores.
C. In both cases, the students have the same wishes.
D. These students possibly already did well in school.
E. The offline ones help students better communicate with teachers.
F. When taking summer school programs, students have two choices.
G. Students that missed many classes may also have to take summer classes.
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
(一)完形填空(共15分)
The United States you may not know
The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can’t simply owe its ____21____ and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should ____22____ is the American spirit and its social system.
The most obvious features of the American spirit are ____23____ and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world.
Americans are always ____24____ with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of ____25____. European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of “high tax and high welfare” since the 1960s, while only the US ____26____ the policy of “high risk and high return”. ____27____ , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).
High salary is not the only ____28____ that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be ____29____. Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to _____30_____ development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.
However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) _____31_____ people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China’s reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly _____32_____ their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans _____33_____ freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries’ internal affairs. What’s most puzzling is that the Americans _____34_____ authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high _____35_____ . Is it odd No one can provide a satisfactory answer.
21. A. powerfulness B. ability C. energy D. resource
22. A. reflect on B. deal with C. agree to D. carry out
23. A. preservation B. perseverance C. curiosity D. creativity
24. A. dissatisfied B. concerned C. engaged D. pleased
25. A. nature B. competition C. ease D. innovation
26. A. goes against B. sticks to C. exposes to D. gives up
27. A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. Above all
28. A. potential B. passion C. attraction D. recommendation
29. A. considered B. mentioned C. ignored D. defined
30. A. staff B. assemble C. private D. individual
31. A. pleasure-seeking B. outgoing C. self-disciplined D. well-educated
32. A. maintained B. changed C. adopted D. compared
33. A. oppose B. rebel C. care D. value
34. A. show B. admire C. challenge D. establish
35. A. efficiency B. spirits C. honour D. status
(二)用单词的适当形式完成短文(10小题每题1.5分共15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Around the world, people love to keep dogs as ___36___ (pet). However, there is something you might not know about these ___37___(love) animals. If your dogs become uneasy or sad around you, it might mean you are sick! This is ___38___ they may be able ___39___ (smell) that something is wrong with you.
At ___40___ research center in England, dogs ___41___(teach) to smell cancer in people’s urine samples(尿样). To see if the dogs could ___42___(real) smell the cancer, the researchers gave them a special test. They were brought into a room, and in front of them were different urine samples. Only one of them ___43___(come) from a person with cancer. Neither the dogs nor the people there knew ___44___ urine sample had cancer in it. When they smelled cancer in a urine sample, the dogs had to sit down in front of that sample. One dog, ____45____ (name) Bee, was best at the test. It found the right sample 60% of the given time! So, if your dog smells you too much and looks a bit uneasy, maybe you should visit the doctor just to be on the safe side!
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
(一)作文(共15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校举办了慈善义卖活动，请你为学校英文报写一篇报道介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，使以行文连贯；
3.短文题目已为你写好。
A Charity Sale
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(二)读后续写(共25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We sometimes think we can take care of things on our own. However, sometimes we need to use the strength of our groups to get things done.
Ray Drake knew this better than anyone, because he was moved to tears when he understood how good it was to have good neighbors when he needed them.
In 1989, Drake lost the use of his legs. The Iowan man did have family, though. His two older sisters were there to help him get his life back on track and deal with his new situation. The plan worked for years, and their love helped him through hard times.
In August 2020, a strong windstorm stopped everything in Iowa. There was terrible damage, and 40% of the crops in the state were lost. People lost their electricity. Businesses were a mess and homes were all broken. So many people had a hard time.
The storm caused Drake to have a specific trouble. There were broken trees all over his yard, and he couldn’t move them. His sisters were also too small to clean up the trees. The three people really needed help.
After about a week, Drake’s sisters decided to ask for help because the power lines were still down and people were still trying to get their lives back together. They called some of their brother’s old high school friends to see if anyone had a chainsaw (链锯) they could bring over to start cutting up the fallen trees.
Doug Applegate, a friend, looked at the damage and realized that just a chainsaw wouldn’t be enough to clear the fallen trees from Drake’s yard and that the family would need more. He made a call for help in the area to see if anyone there could give a helping hand.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Soon, the call for help was answered.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The collective effort turned a seemingly impossible task into a manageable one.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________乌鲁木齐市第101中学 高三年级5月月考
英 语 试 卷
总分120分 考试时间120分钟
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
(一)阅读理解(15小题每题2.5分共37.5分)
Part 1：
NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons — bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) —claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi mura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
mura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by mura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, mura and Tu helped to discover.
1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.
A. river blindness
B. malaria
C. lymphatic filariasis
D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria
2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and mura, comes from ______.
A. bacteria B. plants C. farm animals D. ocean animals
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin
A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery.
D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者爱尔兰的William Campbell，日本的木村和中国的屠呦呦的事迹和成就。爱尔兰的威廉·坎贝尔和日本的木村因发现了阿维菌素(阿维菌素)，一种杀死导致河盲和淋巴丝虫病的寄生虫的药物(象皮病)。中国科学家屠呦呦研发了一种帮助杀死导致疟疾的寄生虫的药物——青蒿素。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.”可知，青蒿素是一种帮助杀死导致疟疾的寄生虫的药物。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants.”可知，阿维菌素来自细菌。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句内容“Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.”可知，数以百万计的人仍然被寄生虫引起的感染所困扰，但世界卫生组织表示，到2013年，疟疾死亡人数比2000年下降了47%。由此可知，青蒿素的发现，已经挽救了数百万人的生命。故选C项。
【点睛】细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。在解答该类题目时，常采用关键词寻读法，根据题干关键词，利用略读法迅速定位文章原文内容，将选项与原文分析对比，答案很容易判断。比如文章第2小题：
2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and mura, comes from ______.
A. bacteria B. plants C. farm animals D. ocean animals
根据题干关键词“Avermectin”定位文章原文内容“Avermectin comes from bacteria”，答案就是原文。故选A项。
Part 2：
You may have already seen robot waiters in restaurants: waist-high machines that can greet guests, lead them to their tables, deliver food and drinks and carry dirty dishes to the kitchen. But are they the future
Many think they are the solution to the industry’s labor shortages. Sales of them have been growing rapidly in recent years, with tens of thousands now working in dining rooms. But others say they have a long way to go before they can replace humans. They can’t take orders, and many restaurants have steps and other physical challenges they can’t adapt to.
Still, the robots are increasing. Redwood City, Califomia-based Bear Robotics, introduced its service robot in 2021 and expects to have 10,000 used by the end of this year worldwide. The lack of labor sped up the adoption of robots globally. In the US, the restaurant industry employed 15 million people in 2022, but that was still 400,000 fewer than before the pandemic. In a recent survey, 62% of restaurant operators told the National Restaurant Association they don’t have enough employees to meet customer demand.
Public recognition of robot servers is already high in Asia. The US was slower to adopt robots, but some chains are now testing them. But not all chains have had success with robots. Chili’s introduced a robot server named Rita in 2020 and expanded the test to 61 US restaurants before abruptly stopping it last August. The chain found that Rita moved too slowly and got in the way of human servers. And 58% of guests surveyed said Rita didn’t improve their overall experience.
It’s expected that about 30% of restaurants will continue to have human servers and be considered more luxurious (豪华的), while the rest will rely on robots in the kitchen and in dining rooms. Economics are on the side of robots; the cost of human labor will continue to rise, but technology costs will fall. But that’s not a future everyone wants to see. “Humans don’t go to a full-service restaurant to be served by technology,” said Saru Jayaraman, president of One Fair Wage. “They go for the experience of themselves and the people they care about being served by a human.”
4. What can we learn about the numbers in paragraph 3
A. Robot waiters are a solution to labor shortages.
B. Robots play a more important role in restaurants.
C. Human beings are more likely to be out of work.
D. Restaurant owners prefer robot waiters to human waiters.
5 Why was Rita abandoned by restaurants
A. It could not finish the task correctly. B. It disturbed the dinners in the restaurant.
C It added to the expense of the restaurant. D. It caused trouble for its human colleagues.
6. What might Saru Jayaraman probably agree with
A. Robot waiters have become a scenic spot in the restaurants.
B. Human waiters can’t be actually replaced by robot waiters.
C. The duties of robot and human waiters should be made clear.
D. Restaurants should balance the cost of robot and human labor.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Are robot waiters the future B. What can a robot do for you
C. Where can you find robot waiters D. Do robots bring convenience to us
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各地的餐馆流行使用机器人的现象，并根据实际案例说明了其好处和缺点。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Still, the robots are increasing. Redwood City, Califomia-based Bear Robotics, introduced its service robot in 2021 and expects to have 10,000 used by the end of this year worldwide. The lack of labor sped up the adoption of robots globally. In the US, the restaurant industry employed 15 million people in 2022, but that was still 400,000 fewer than before the pandemic. In a recent survey, 62% of restaurant operators told the National Restaurant Association they don’t have enough employees to meet customer demand.(尽管如此，机器人数量仍在增加。总部位于加州红木城的Bear Robotics公司于2021年推出了自己的服务机器人，预计到今年年底，全球使用的服务机器人将达到1万台。劳动力短缺加速了机器人在全球的普及。在美国，餐饮业在2022年雇佣了1500万人，但仍比疫情前减少了40万人。在最近的一项调查中，62%的餐馆经营者告诉全国餐馆协会，他们没有足够的员工来满足顾客的需求)”可知，机器人服务员是解决劳动力短缺的一个办法。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The chain found that Rita moved too slowly and got in the way of human servers.(连锁店发现丽塔行动太慢，妨碍了人类服务员的工作)”可知，丽塔被餐馆抛弃了因为给它的人类同事带来麻烦。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Humans don’t go to a full-service restaurant to be served by technology,” said Saru Jayaraman, president of One Fair Wage. “They go for the experience of themselves and the people they care about being served by a human.”(“人类不会去一家提供全方位服务的餐厅接受技术服务，”公平工资组织总裁萨鲁·贾亚拉曼说。“他们追求的是自己和他们关心的人被人服务的体验。”)”可知，萨鲁·贾亚拉曼认为人类服务员实际上不能被机器人服务员取代。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“You may have already seen robot waiters in restaurants: waist-high machines that can greet guests, lead them to their tables, deliver food and drinks and carry dirty dishes to the kitchen. But are they the future (你可能已经在餐馆里见过机器人服务员：齐腰高的机器可以招呼客人，把他们带到桌子前，送食物和饮料，把脏盘子送到厨房。但他们是未来吗？)”结合文章介绍了世界各地的餐馆流行使用机器人的现象，并根据实际案例说明了其好处和缺点。故A项“机器人服务员就是未来吗？”符合文章探讨的内容，适合作为标题。故选A项。
Part 3：
Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice(牺牲)flavor. Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink producer Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, the chopsticks improve tastes using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer attached to a wrist.“The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions (钠离子) from food, through the chopsticks, to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness,” said Miyashita.“As a result, the salty taste increases by 1.5 times.”
The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan, which tends to be high in salt. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt each day. That is almost two times the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood pressure, strokes and other conditions. “To prevent these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato added that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways, they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise, they would have to eat flavorless food.
“I want to overturn the idea that low salt means no flavor,” Miyashita declared.“The chopsticks make it possible to keep enjoying the foods we love, and in a healthier way.”He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year.
Miyashita and his research team have explored different ways that technology can interact with human senses. He has also developed a television screen that a person can lick (舔) to taste different food flavors. Meanwhile, research is also underway to develop other eating tools with special functions like electric spoons and forks using technology.
8. Who would probably be interested in the electric chopsticks
A. Those sticking to a balanced diet.
B. Those having eating disorders.
C. Those preferring homemade food.
D. Those wanting to take in less salt.
9. Why is traditional Japanese diet mentioned
A. To introduce what Japanese diet is like.
B. To stress how important chopsticks are for it.
C. To show what influence it has on the Japanese.
D. To explain why electric chopsticks are invented.
10. What does Miyashita expect of the electric chopsticks
A. They’ll reach consumers in the near future.
B. They’ll help change people’s eating habits.
C They’ll be developed into various versions.
D. They’ll inspire a whole new line of research.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Benefits of low-sodium diets.
B. Improvements to the Japanese diet.
C. Electric chopsticks increasing salty taste.
D. An invention making food more delicious.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice(牺牲)flavor.(日本的食客可能很快就可以在不牺牲味道的情况下减少盐的摄入量了)”以及“Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods.(研究人员最近宣布，他们开发出了能增加食物咸味的电动筷子)”推知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“traditional Japanese diet”可将解题信息定位至第三段。根据本段中“The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan, which tends to be high in salt. (改善口味的筷子可能与日本的传统饮食特别相关，日本的传统饮食往往是高盐的)”可知，日本传统饮食是高盐的，而该电动筷子的发明可以改善日本的口味，即降低盐的摄入量。由此推知，提到日本的饮食传统是为了解释发明电动筷子的原因。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year.(他相信这种筷子可以帮助人们更好地决定饮食，并希望最早在明年就能上市销售)”可知，Miyashita希望明年就能出售这种电动筷子。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。综观全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods(研究人员最近宣布，他们开发出了能增加食物咸味的电动筷子)”可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子。故选C。
Part 4：
About15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a business owner and passionate cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel recumbent (侧卧的) bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon learned from his friend’s reaction. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon says. “I’ll never forget the smile on his face.”
That smile launched the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (小儿康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning bike and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder band, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking system in the back. The bikes are expensive — $3, 000 to $4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s large discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old who had a back problem,” says McLindon. She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for special-needs triathlons (铁人三项). In a magazine interview, she said, “I always knew there was an athlete me.”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies.” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes most important thing that I do.”
12. What inspired Andrew McLindon to search for a special bike online
A. His enthusiasm for cycling.
B. His ambition to start a new business.
C His goal to invent a new type of bike.
D. His desire to help a boy with balance issues.
13. Why was McLindon Family Foundation established
A. To sponsor special-needs triathlons.
B. To raise money for pediatric rehab clinics.
C. To provide adaptive bikes for disabled children.
D. To offer a social network to children with special needs.
14. What benefit can adaptive bikes bring
A. They can offer medical treatment.
B. They can provide exercise and fun.
C. They can relieve physical suffering.
D. They can improve academic performance.
15. What does McLindon think of his work with the McLindon Family Foundation
A. It is a worthwhile effort.
B. It is a temporary solution.
C. It is financially rewarding.
D. It is technically challenging.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本篇为记叙文。文章讲述了安德鲁·麦克林登建立了一个基金会，和小儿康复医院合作，给身体有残疾的小孩提供适应性自行车来帮助他们获得锻炼和快乐的故事。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“About15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a business owner and passionate eyelist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a brain condition that often caused balance disturbances.(安德鲁·麦克林登是一位企业主，也是一位充满激情的眼科医生。大约15年前，他在德克萨斯州奥斯汀市骑自行车时，突然想起了一位朋友12岁的儿子。这个男孩从来都不知道骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有经常导致平衡障碍的脑部疾病)”和第二段“When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel recumbent (侧卧的) bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. (回到家后，现年60岁的麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮卧式自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子)”可知，安德鲁·麦克林登想帮助朋友的儿子，他因脑部疾病在平衡感上有问题，因此他上网去搜索适合有平衡问题的孩子的特殊自行车，故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“That smile launched the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (小儿康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning bike and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. (这个微笑创立了麦克林顿家庭基金会。在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿童康复诊所合作，寻找可以从拥有自行车中受益的儿童，并帮助制作每辆自行车，以满足孩子的特殊需求)”可知，麦克林登家族基金会创立是为了满足孩子的特殊需求，给残疾儿童提供适合他们的适应自行车。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel recumbent (侧卧的) bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was cycling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise.(回到家后，现年60岁的麦克林登在网上找到了一辆带安全带的三轮卧式自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子。很快，这个男孩就和他的同龄人一起在街上骑自行车，玩得开心，同时锻炼了身体)”可知，适应性自行车能提供锻炼和乐趣。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. ‘I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,’ McLindon says. ‘But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.’ (到目前为止，该基金会已经赠送了450辆自行车，而这仅仅是个开始。“我做很多事情。麦克林登说，我经营着很多公司。但让这些孩子拥有自行车是我做的最重要的事情。”)”可知，麦克林登认为给孩子们自行车是他做的最重要的事情，说明他认为自己付出的努力是值得的。故选A。
(二)七选五(5小题每题2.5分共12.5分)
Summer high school programs are courses some high school students take during the summer vacation. They take these courses either for remediation (补习) or for advancement. ____16____ They are to improve their test scores and prepare for the next school year.
Students may have different remediation needs to be dealt with in summer high school. Students who got very low test scores and failed a grade may have to retake certain courses. If they don’t take the courses, they may repeat a grade in the next school year. ____17____ There can be various reasons why students missed school days. For example, some students suffered from certain illness. Some students had family trips. Some of the others might meet with natural disasters (灾害).
Many other students go to summer high school for advancement, instead of remediation. ____18____ However, they still want to do better in the future, so they choose to use summer classes as a way to prepare for more advanced subjects they’ll take in the future.
____19____ One is to take the programs offered online. The other is to take programs offered offline. Each type of programs has its own strengths. For example, the online programs allow students to take courses without leaving home. ____20____ Students can choose a type based on their own likes.
A. The programs are very popular.
B. They want to improve their test scores.
C. In both cases, the students have the same wishes.
D. These students possibly already did well in school.
E. The offline ones help students better communicate with teachers.
F. When taking summer school programs, students have two choices.
G. Students that missed many classes may also have to take summer classes.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一些高中生在暑假期间参加暑期高中课程的情况。
【16题详解】
由上文“Summer high school programs are courses some high school students take during the summer vacation. They take these courses either for remediation or for advancement. (暑期高中课程是一些高中生在暑假期间参加的课程。他们参加这些课程要么是为了补习，要么是为了提升)”可知，高中生暑假课程是为了补习或提升。由下文“They are to improve their test scores and prepare for the next school year.(他们要提高考试成绩，为下一学年做准备)”可知，他们的目的就是为了提分。而C项In both cases, the students have the same wishes.(在这两种情况下，学生们都有相同的愿望)符合语境，其中both与上文“ remediation or for advancement”对应，the students 与下文they对应，wishes与下文“to improve their test scores and prepare for the next school year”对应。故选C项。
【17题详解】
由下文“There can be various reasons why students missed school days. For example, some students suffered from certain illness. Some students had family trips. Some of the others might meet with natural disasters (灾害).(学生缺课的原因可能有很多。例如，一些学生患有某种疾病。一些学生有家庭旅行。其他一些可能会遭遇自然灾害)”可知，此处在讲缺课的原因，而G项Students that missed many classes may also have to take summer classes.(错过许多课程的学生可能也必须参加暑期班)符合语境，其中“Students that missed many classes”与下文“reasons why students missed school days”对应。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由上文“Many other students go to summer high school for advancement, instead of remediation.(许多其他学生上暑期高中是为了提升，而不是补习)”可知，有些学生上暑期高中是为了提升，由下文“However, they still want to do better in the future, so they choose to use summer classes as a way to prepare for more advanced subjects they’ll take in the future.(然而，他们仍然希望在未来做得更好，所以他们选择使用暑期班作为一种方式，为将来学习更高级的课程做准备)”可知，他们去上暑假课是为了更优秀。而D项These students possibly already did well in school.(这些学生可能已经在学校表现不错了)符合语境。其中“did well in school”与下文“want to do better in the future”对应。故选D项。
【19题详解】
由后文“One is to take the programs offered online. The other is to take programs offered offline. Each type of programs has its own strengths.(一种是在线学习提供的课程。另一种是将提供的程序离线。每种类型的项目都有自己的优势)”可知，这里主要讲课程类型。而When taking summer school programs, students have two choices.(参加暑期学校课程时，学生有两种选择)符合语境，其中“two choices”与下文的“one...the other”对应。故选F项。
【20题详解】
由上文“One is to take the programs offered online. The other is to take programs offered offline. Each type of programs has its own strengths. For example, the online programs allow students to take courses without leaving home. (一种是在线学习提供的课程。另一种是将提供的程序离线。每种类型的项目都有自己的优势。例如，在线课程允许学生在不离开家的情况下学习课程)”可知，暑假课程由两种类型——线上和线下。后面作者又举例说明了线上课程，所以后面应讲线下课程。而E项The offline ones help students better communicate with teachers.(线下的帮助学生更好地与老师沟通)符合语境。故选E项。
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
(一)完形填空(共15分)
The United States you may not know
The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can’t simply owe its ____21____ and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should ____22____ is the American spirit and its social system.
The most obvious features of the American spirit are ____23____ and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world.
Americans are always ____24____ with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of ____25____. European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of “high tax and high welfare” since the 1960s, while only the US ____26____ the policy of “high risk and high return”. ____27____ , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).
High salary is not the only ____28____ that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be ____29____. Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to _____30_____ development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.
However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) _____31_____ people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China’s reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly _____32_____ their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans _____33_____ freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries’ internal affairs. What’s most puzzling is that the Americans _____34_____ authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high _____35_____ . Is it odd No one can provide a satisfactory answer.
21. A. powerfulness B. ability C. energy D. resource
22. A. reflect on B. deal with C. agree to D. carry out
23. A. preservation B. perseverance C. curiosity D. creativity
24. A. dissatisfied B. concerned C. engaged D. pleased
25. A. nature B. competition C. ease D. innovation
26. A. goes against B. sticks to C. exposes to D. gives up
27. A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. Above all
28. A. potential B. passion C. attraction D. recommendation
29 A. considered B. mentioned C. ignored D. defined
30. A. staff B. assemble C. private D. individual
31. A. pleasure-seeking B. outgoing C. self-disciplined D. well-educated
32. A. maintained B. changed C. adopted D. compared
33. A. oppose B. rebel C. care D. value
34. A. show B. admire C. challenge D. establish
35. A. efficiency B. spirits C. honour D. status
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一个你可能不知道的美国。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们不能简单地把它的强大和繁荣归功于它幸运地躲过了两次世界大战的毁灭。A. powerfulness强大，有力；B. ability能力；C. energy精力；D. resource资源。根据空后的“and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars.”可知，此处与prosperity并列，所以此处应为“强大”符合语境。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其他国家应该反思的是美国的精神和它的社会制度。A. reflect on反思；B. deal with处理；C. agree to同意；D. carry out执行。根据上文中的“we can’t simply owe its ____1____ and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars.”可知，美国的强大与繁荣不能简单的归因于逃离的两次世界大战的毁灭，所以，其他国家还需要“反思”美国强大与繁荣的原因还有美国的精神与社会制度。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国精神最明显的特征是创造力和务实思想。A. preservation保护；B. perseverance毅力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. creativity创造力。根据下文中的“Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution.”可知，重要发明的70%都是在美国创造的，所以，此处指的是美国的“创造力”符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国人总是不满足于他们所取得的成就，他们渴望冒险而不是安逸。A. dissatisfied不满的；B. concerned担忧的；C. engaged忙于；D. pleased高兴的。根据下文中的“and they have an appetite for adventure…”可知，他们渴望冒险，由此可知，此处指的是他们对所取得成就“不满足”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国人总是不满足于他们所取得的成就，他们渴望冒险而不是安逸。A. nature自然；B. competition比赛；C. ease轻松；D. innovation改革。根据上文中的“they have an appetite for adventure over”可知，他们渴望冒险而不是喜欢“安逸”，其中“冒险”与“安逸”相对应。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：欧洲国家自上世纪60年代以来一直奉行“高税收、高福利”的改革主义政策，只有美国坚持“高风险、高回报”的政策。A. goes against违反；B. sticks to坚持；C. exposes to接触；D. gives up放弃。根据上文中的“European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of “high tax and high welfare” since the 1960s,”可知，欧洲国家奉行“高税收、高福利”的改革主义政策，while表示对比，所以此处与“改革”相对，所以此处指的是“坚持”符合语境。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：因此，美国成为第三次工业革命(信息、材料和生物技术)的领导者。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result因此；C. In other words换句话说；D. Above all更重要的是。根据句意可知，空后“the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).”与空前的内容之间为因果关系，所以此处表示“因此”。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：高薪并不是其他国家的人才在美国发现的唯一吸引力。A. potential潜力；B. passion激情；C. attraction吸引力；D. recommendation推荐。根据上文中的“High salary”以及下文中的“that the talents from other countries find in the United States.”可知，其他国家的人才来美国，高薪不是唯一的“吸引力”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国社会的一些特点不应被忽视。A. considered考虑；B. mentioned提到；C. ignored忽略；D. defined定义。根据上文中的“High salary is not the only ____8____ that the talents from other countries find in the United States.”可知，高薪不是唯一其他国家的人才在美国发现的吸引力，由此可知，在美国还有很多不容“忽视”的特点吸引其他国家的人才来美国。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在其他国家非常重视的家庭背景，以及在建立关系和讨好老板方面的大智慧，在美国对个人发展并不那么重要。A. staff全体人员；B. assemble聚集；C. private私人的；D. individual个人的。根据下文中的“whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.”可知，一个人成功与否取决于自己的能力和努力，由此可知，此处指的是对“个人的”发展并不那么重要。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国人是一个追求快乐的人，但每个领域都有工作狂。A. pleasure-seeking享乐主义的；B. outgoing外向的；C. self-disciplined自律的；D. well-educated受到良好教育的。根据下文中的but可知，此空处与下文中的“in every field there are workaholics”为转折关系，“工作狂”对应的事“寻找快乐”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从中国改革开放以来，西方国家的许多媒体对中国的态度发生了很大的变化。A. maintained维持；B. changed改变；C. adopted采纳；D. compared比较。根据下文中的“However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China”可知，此处与空处所在的内容为转折关系，美国的媒体唱着同样的老调子反对中国，由此可知，此空处指的是许多欧洲国家的媒体对中国的态度发生了很大的“改变”。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国人崇尚自由，但他们的政府却很喜欢干涉别国的内政。A. oppose反对；B. rebel造反；C. care关心；D. value重视，崇尚。根据下文中的“but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries’ internal affairs.”可知，此空处与此处的内容为转折关系，此处指的是他们喜欢干涉别国内政，由此可知，空处指的是“崇尚”自由，其中的“干预别国内政”与“崇尚自由”相对应。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最让人困惑的是，美国人挑战权威，却高度尊重社会的法律法规。A. show展示；B. admire羡慕；C. challenge挑战；D. establish成立。根据下文中的“but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society”可知，此处内容与but前的内容为转折关系，他们“尊重社会法律法规”，对应的是他们“挑战权威”。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在这样一个重视个人自由的国家，社会仍然可以保持良好的秩序和高效的运行。A. efficiency效率；B. spirits精神；C. honour荣耀；D. status地位。根据上文中的“the society can still be kept in good order”可知，社会可以保持良好的秩序，社会也就可以“高效地”运行。故选A项。
(二)用单词的适当形式完成短文(10小题每题1.5分共15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Around the world, people love to keep dogs as ___36___ (pet). However, there is something you might not know about these ___37___(love) animals. If your dogs become uneasy or sad around you, it might mean you are sick! This is ___38___ they may be able ___39___ (smell) that something is wrong with you.
At ___40___ research center in England, dogs ___41___(teach) to smell cancer in people’s urine samples(尿样). To see if the dogs could ___42___(real) smell the cancer, the researchers gave them a special test. They were brought into a room, and in front of them were different urine samples. Only one of them ___43___(come) from a person with cancer. Neither the dogs nor the people there knew ___44___ urine sample had cancer in it. When they smelled cancer in a urine sample, the dogs had to sit down in front of that sample. One dog, ____45____ (name) Bee, was best at the test. It found the right sample 60% of the given time! So, if your dog smells you too much and looks a bit uneasy, maybe you should visit the doctor just to be on the safe side!
【答案】36. pets
37. lovely 38. because
39. to smell
40. a 41. were taught
42. really 43. came
44. which 45. named
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全世界的人都喜欢养狗作为宠物，并且有的宠物能够识别主人是否身患疾病。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：在世界各地，人们都喜欢养狗作为宠物。结合句意，狗被用来当作宠物，并且前文dogs用的是复数，故“宠物”也需要对应为复数。故填pets。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，关于这些可爱的动物，有些事情你可能不知道。根据空后名词animals可知，空处需要填love的形容词形式作定语修饰“动物”。故填lovely。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：这是因为他们可能能够嗅出你有什么问题。根据前文“If your dogs become uneasy or sad around you, it might mean you are sick!(如果你的狗狗在你身边变得不安或悲伤，这可能意味着你生病了！)”可知，后文是在进一步解释上文，表原因；且this is because为固定句型表示“这是因为……”，符合题干和句意。故填because。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这是因为他们可能能嗅出你有什么问题。固定短语be able to do意为“能够做……”符合句意，故空处需要填不定式接动词原形。故填to smell。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在英国的一个研究中心，研究人员教狗嗅出人类尿液样本中的癌症。结合句意和上下文，该空为第一次提到这个研究中心，表泛指“一个”，故填不定冠词a/an，research不属于元音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在英国的一个研究中心，研究人员教狗嗅出人类尿液样本中的癌症。结合上下文可知，很多狗已经学会了，所以空处需要使用一般过去时态；主语为dogs，复数，且与动词teach为动宾关系。故填were taught。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：为了观察狗狗是否真的能闻到癌症，研究人员对它们进行了特殊测试。空前有情态动词could，空后为动词smell，故空处需要填副词修饰动词。故填really。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：其中只有一个来自癌症患者。结合前文谓语动词为were可知，时态为一般过去时。故填came。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：无论是狗还是那里的人都不知道哪个尿样中含有癌症。分析句子结构可知，从句位于谓语动词knew后，故为宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“哪一个的”，修饰主语urine。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一只名叫Bee的狗在测试中表现最好。分析句子成分，谓语动词为was，故空处需要填非谓语动词；主语为One dog，和动词name“取名”之间为动宾关系，故需要用过去分词形式。故填named。
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
(一)作文(共15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校举办了慈善义卖活动，请你为学校英文报写一篇报道介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动内容；
3.活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，使以行文连贯；
3.短文题目已为你写好。
A Charity Sale
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
A Charity Sale
Last Sunday, in order to help those kids who can’t receive good education in poor mountainous areas, our school held a charity sale in our playground. Students brought their handmade things as well as things they no longer needed, such as kites, model planes, books, clothes and so on, which looked very beautiful and attracted a lot of attention. Many students and teachers came to take part in it.
The activity was a great success. A total of 3,000 yuan was raised at the end of the activity. The money will be donated to the Hope Project.
In a word, the activity is very meaningful, both teaching students to care about others and giving those poor kids a chance to study.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇报道，介绍学校举办的慈善义卖活动的目的、内容和意义。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
举办：hold→ host
手工制作的：handmade→ handcrafted
吸引注意力：attract attention→ draw attention
参加：take part in→ participate in
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The activity was a great success. A total of 3,000 yuan was raised at the end of the activity.
拓展句：The activity was a great success, at the end of which a total of 3,000 yuan was raised.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Sunday, in order to help those kids who can’t receive good education in poor mountainous areas, our school held a charity sale in our playground.(使用了不定式短语in order to作目的状语和who引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】In a word, the activity is very meaningful, both teaching students to care about others and giving those poor kids a chance to study.(使用了现在分词短语作伴随状语)
(二)读后续写(共25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We sometimes think we can take care of things on our own. However, sometimes we need to use the strength of our groups to get things done.
Ray Drake knew this better than anyone, because he was moved to tears when he understood how good it was to have good neighbors when he needed them.
In 1989, Drake lost the use of his legs. The Iowan man did have family, though. His two older sisters were there to help him get his life back on track and deal with his new situation. The plan worked for years, and their love helped him through hard times.
In August 2020, a strong windstorm stopped everything in Iowa. There was terrible damage, and 40% of the crops in the state were lost. People lost their electricity. Businesses were a mess and homes were all broken. So many people had a hard time.
The storm caused Drake to have a specific trouble. There were broken trees all over his yard, and he couldn’t move them. His sisters were also too small to clean up the trees. The three people really needed help.
After about a week, Drake’s sisters decided to ask for help because the power lines were still down and people were still trying to get their lives back together. They called some of their brother’s old high school friends to see if anyone had a chainsaw (链锯) they could bring over to start cutting up the fallen trees.
Doug Applegate, a friend, looked at the damage and realized that just a chainsaw wouldn’t be enough to clear the fallen trees from Drake’s yard and that the family would need more. He made a call for help in the area to see if anyone there could give a helping hand.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Soon, the call for help was answered.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The collective effort turned a seemingly impossible task into a manageable one.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Soon, the call for help was answered. A group of high school students, along with neighbors from the surrounding area, volunteered to lend their strength and equipment. Upon arrival, they began to take things into their own hands. Some cut the fallen trees and removed them, and others repaired the damaged parts of the house. It was a touching sight to see these young individuals and neighbors working side by side with Doug Applegate and Drake’s sisters.
The collective effort turned a seemingly impossible task into a manageable one. In only two days, the community’s efforts began to pay off. The mess was cleared, home repaired, and the power restored. Drake could not believe it. He thanked all those helpful people as his eyes filled with tears. Drake’s heart was touched not only by the help he received but also by the realization that, even in the face of natural disasters, people came together to support one another.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ray Drake失去了双腿，在两个姐姐的帮助下度过了困难时期。但是一场强烈的风暴使爱荷华州的一切都停止了。风暴给德雷克带来了特殊的麻烦。他的院子里到处都是折断的树，他无法移动它们。他的姐妹们也无法清理树木。在寻求帮助以后，德雷克的朋友道格·阿普尔盖特（Doug Applegate）看着损坏的情况，意识到只有一把电锯不足以清除德雷克院子里倒下的树木，这家人需要更多的电锯。他打电话向该地区求助，看看那里是否有人能伸出援助之手。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“很快，呼救声得到了回应。”可知，第一段可描写Drake得到帮助的过程，一群高中生和周围的邻居自愿提供援助，Drake和姐姐们感动。
②由第二段首句内容“集体的努力把一项看似不可能完成的任务变成了一项可控的任务。”可知，第二段可描写众人团结努力的结果以及Drake的感受。
2.续写线索：一群高中生和邻居自愿提供帮助——砍树并移走树木——修复房屋——令人感动——集体努力使不可能完成的任务变得可控——努力得到回报——感谢所有人的帮助——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①自愿做某事：volunteer to do sth./be willing to do sth.
②移除：remove/get rid of
③修理：repair/mend
情绪类
①令人感动的：touching/moving
②感谢：thank/show gratitude to
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It was a touching sight to see these young individuals and neighbors working side by side with Doug Applegate and Drake’s sisters. (运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语)
[高分句型2]
Drake’s heart was touched not only by the help he received but also by the realization that, even in the face of natural disasters, people came together to support one another. (运用了省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句，that引导同位语从句)
