杭州学军中学2023学年第一学期期末考试高二英语试卷
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力(略)
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best Alternatives of Top Travel Booking Sites
After losing two precious years to COVID everybody is desperate to travel and explore the world. However, planning a dream trip is not easy as it demands carefully spending your money on flights and accommodation. Let’s see what best travel booking sites in the UK has to offer and what alternatives we have:
Travelhouseuk
It has been dedicated to serving its important clients for more than two decades now by using the expertise of travel agents. It is an element of human interaction with your travel agent that allows you to discuss your requirements in depth for personalization and look for customer support even after the booking is made.
Skyscanner
It is a user-friendly interface that compares flight prices from all over the globe and brings out the best deals on flights. Not only flights but you can use this metasearch engine for hotels and car rentals too. It is a great tool for everyone, but some alternatives may help you even better in finding the cheapest trip to your destination.
Cheap Flights
When Skyscanner considers known carriers to maintain the quality, Cheapflights takes the lead with the cheapest flight options worldwide. The online site serves up the cheapest time to fly, reasonable hotel rates, low-cost car rentals and vacation packages. The aim is to promote and simplify your travel experience by offering it all in one place.
Google Flights
It is a renowned name that facilitates online sales of air ticket through third-party suppliers. The best feature of using Google Flights is based on no predetermined time limits. You can look for the cheapest flying dates within the next two months of search dates.
1. What makes Travelhouseuk special
A. Its price. B. Its convenience.
C. Its booking time. D. Its personalized service.
2. Which travel agency can you choose if you want to drive
A. Travelhouseuk and Google Flights. B. Google Flights and Cheap Flights.
C. Skyscanner and Cheap Flights. D. Cheap Flights and Travelhouseuk.
3. In which part of the web can you read this article
A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Lifestyle. D. Business.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了英国四个最好的旅游预订网站。
1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Travelhouseuk中“It is an element of human interaction with your travel agent that allows you to discuss your requirements in depth for personalization and look for customer support even after the booking is made. (这是一种与旅行社互动的方式，可以让你深入讨论个性化需求，甚至在预订完成后寻求客户支持)”可知，该机构的特别之处在于提供个性化的服务。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Skyscanner中“Not only flights but you can use this metasearch engine for hotels and car rentals too. (不仅是航班，你也可以用这个元搜索引擎搜索酒店和汽车租赁)”和Cheap Flights中“The online site serves up the cheapest time to fly, reasonable hotel rates, low-cost car rentals and vacation packages. (该网站提供最便宜的飞行时间、合理的酒店价格、廉价的汽车租赁和度假套餐)”可知，这两个旅游机构提供汽车租赁的搜索，因此适合想要驾车的游客。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Let’s see what best travel booking sites in the UK has to offer and what alternatives we have (让我们来看看英国最好的旅游预订网站有哪些，以及我们有哪些选择)”可知，文章是为读者介绍英国最好的旅游预订网站。文章内容主要属于旅游休闲，因此可能出自网页的旅游部分。故选A项。
B
Several security guards of residential compounds in Beijing and workers were seen shoveling snow and some parked vehicles were covered by thick overnight snow. The first snowfall of winter arrived in Beijing early Monday, covering the Chinese capital with a mantle (披风) of white overnight and plunging (使……下降) the city into freezing temperatures, with even colder weather coming this week in northern China.
Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃.
The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week, compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes.
On Monday, the government warned of road icing in large parts of the city of nearly 22 million, with authorities shutting some expressways or partially closing sections. By 10 a. m. local time, 62 out of a few hundred flights had been cancelled at the Beijing Capital Airport. Railway authorities enforced speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains. By 7 a. m. Monday, more than 180 bus routes in Beijing had been suspended.
The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time. Huang, a Beijing resident working in the internet sector, said the snow in Beijing came early. “Normally, it doesn’t snow until the Spring Festival,” Huang said, referring to the start of the Lunar New Year, which typically falls in January or February.
4. Which of the following is not used to show the seriousness of the snowfall in paragraph
A. By listing out numbers. B. By illustrating a viewpoint.
C. By citing data from the authority. D. By making comparisons.
5. What contrast in weather conditions did Beijing experience as mentioned in the article
A. From hot summers to mild winters.
B. From dry conditions to heavy rainfall.
C. From autumn-like conditions to a sudden coldness.
D. From constant snow to unexpectedly warm temperatures.
6. Which of the following word is close to the meaning of “enforced” in paragraph 4
A. introduced B. obeyed C. happened D. improved
7. What positive measure did merchants in Beijing take in anticipation of the snowfall
A. Organized community support groups. B. Increased storage of essential supplies.
C. Created emergency shelters for the homeless. D. Offered discounts and sales to boost business.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了周一凌晨，中国首都北京迎来了冬季第一场降雪，一夜之间，北京被大雪覆盖，气温降至冰点。本周，中国北方的天气将更加寒冷。文章解释了此次降温的特别之处、影响以及人们的应对方法。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃.(据北京气象局数据显示，周一凌晨，平均降雪量达到5.8毫米，房山区降雪量最大，达到10.2毫米。北京通常在11月下旬至次年2月之间迎来冬季的第一场雪，甚至根本不下雪。预计本周将有更多降雪，气温将进一步下降至零下20摄氏度。中国首都北京上一次出现如此极端寒冷的天气是在2021年1月7日，当时气温降至零下19.6摄氏度)”可知，文章运用了列数字、引用权威的数据和比较，“说明观点”没有被用来表示降雪的严重性。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week, compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes.(本周北京的寒流，与一周前类似秋天的天气相比，反映了最近气温的急剧波动。今年10月，北京经历了几十年来最温暖的10月之一)”可知，北京的天气条件不同之处在于从秋天般的天气到突然的寒冷。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains”可知，客运列车延误是因为铁路部门对连接北京和广州的铁路实施了限速，故划线词意思是“实施”。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time.(官方的《北京日报》报道称，由于商家提前囤货，蔬菜库存充足，达到今年最高的每日市场成交量23800吨)”可知，面对降雪，北京的商家增加了必需品的储存。故选B。
C
Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.
Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.
Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian.
This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale.
The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says.
Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake.
“We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale.
To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”
8. What can we know about GANs
A GANs can cheat trained observers.
B. GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks.
C. GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones.
D. GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones.
9. Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research
A. To warn people the risk of online fraud.
B. To train people to discover fake photos online.
C To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones.
D. To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people.
10. What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph
A. Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed.
B. Effective ways are needed but not found yet.
C. Watermarks are an effective way against fake images.
D. Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images.
11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. Development of Internet scams. B. Development of AI technology
C. Will fake faces look more trustworthy D. Legal frameworks for GANs
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究主要探讨了生成对抗网络（GANs）如何创建出逼真的假人脸图像，这些图像能够欺骗观察者，甚至训练过的观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Al programs called generative adversarial networks(生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.(被称为生成对抗网络或GANs的人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。)”可知，GANs是一种人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people.( Nightingale和她在加州大学伯克利分校的同事Hany Farid在一个众包网站上招募了315名参与者，让他们回答是否能分辨出400张假照片和400张真人照片。)”可知，Nightingale和Farid进行这项研究的目的是看看人们是否能分辨出假脸和真脸。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. (Nightingale说：“我们需要更严格的道德准则和更多的法律框架，因为不可避免地会有人想要使用这些图像来造成伤害，这令人担忧。”)”以及最后一段“To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”(为了降低这些风险，开发人员可以在图像上添加水印来标记它们是假的。她说。“在我看来，这已经够糟糕的了。如果我们不采取措施阻止它，情况只会变得更糟。”)”可知，Nightingale认为开发人员应该采取措施来标记假脸照片，以防止这些照片被用来对别人造成伤害。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.(计算机生成的虚构人脸非常逼真，甚至可以骗过训练有素的观察者。它们可以很容易地在网上下载并用于网络诈骗和伪造社交媒体资料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要聚焦于生成对抗网络（GANs）创建的假人脸图像如何逼真到足以欺骗观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。文章还探讨了假人脸图像在信任度评价方面的影响，以及由此引发的对伦理和法律问题的关注。选项C“Will fake faces look more trustworthy (假脸会看起来更可信吗？)” 最能概括文章的核心内容，即探讨假人脸图像的逼真性和其对人们信任度评价的影响。这个标题既体现了文章的核心讨论点，也具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣。故选C。
D
Obese people experience discrimination (歧视) in many parts of their lives, and the workplace is no exception. Studies have long shown that obese workers, defined as those with a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, earn significantly less than their slimmer co-workers.
Yet the costs of weight discrimination may be even greater than previously thought. “The overwhelming evidence,” wrote the Institute for employment Studies, “is that it is only women living with obesity who experience the obesity wage penalty (薪资损失).” They were expressing a view that is widely aired in academic papers. To test it, The Economist has analyzed data concerning 23,000 workers from the American Time Use Survey, conducted by the Bureau of Labour Statistics. Our number-processing suggests that, in fact, being obese hurts the earnings of both women and men.
The data we analyzed cover men and women aged between 25 and 54 and in full-time employment. At a general level, it is true that men’s BMIs are unrelated to their wages. But that changes for men with university degrees. For them, obesity is associated with a wage penalty of nearly 8%, even after accounting for the separate effects of age, race, graduate education and marital status.
The conclusion — that well-educated workers in particular are penalized for their weight — holds for both sexes. Moreover, the higher your level of education, the greater the penalty. We found that obese men with a Bachelor’s degree (学士学位) earn 5% less than their thinner colleagues, while those with a Master’s degree earn 14% less. Obese women, it is true, still have it worse: for them, the equivalent figures are 12% and 19%, respectively (分别地).
Your line of work makes a difference, too. When we dealt with the numbers for individual occupations and industries, we found the greatest differences in high-skilled jobs. Obese workers in health care, for example, make 11% less than their slimmer colleagues; those in management roles make roughly 9% less, on average. In sectors such as construction and agriculture, meanwhile, obesity is actually associated with higher wages.
These results suggest that the total costs of wage discrimination borne by overweight workers in America are greater than expected. Now, it’s time for our governments to take it seriously.
12. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 2
A. Obese men earn less salary.
B. Only obese women earn less salary.
C. Both obese men and women earn less salary.
D. Weight discrimination may be greater than previously thought.
13. Who may experience more discrimination compared to their colleagues according to the data
A. A fat woman office director.
B. An obese construction worker.
C. An obese man with a bachelor’s degree.
D. A heavier female doctor with a Doctor’s degree.
14. What is the writer’s attitude of overweight discrimination
A. Supportive B. Objective C. Subjective D. indifferent
15. What might the author continue talking about
A. Overweight discrimination in other countries.
B. The reason of discriminating obese people in their lives.
C. American people’s attitude towards overweight discrimination.
D. Actions taken against overweight discrimination in workplaces.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了肥胖人士在职场中所面临的薪资歧视问题。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段““The overwhelming evidence,” wrote the Institute for employment Studies, “is that it is only women living with obesity who experience the obesity wage penalty (薪资损失).” They were expressing a view that is widely aired in academic papers. To test it , The Economist has analyzed data...(就业研究所写道：“压倒性的证据表明，只有肥胖女性才会遭受薪资损失。”他们所表达的观点在学术论文中广为传播。为了测试它，《经济学人》分析了……)”可知就业研究提出只有肥胖女性才会遭受薪资损失，《经济学人》对其进行了分析和研究。结合指代关系可知，it指代的就是就业研究提出的“只有肥胖女性的工资更低”这一观点。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The conclusion — that well-educated workers in particular are penalized for their weight — holds for both sexes. Moreover, the higher your level of education, the greater the penalty.(结论是，受过良好教育的员工尤其会因为体重而受到不利影响，这对男女都适用。此外，你的教育水平越高，受到的损失就越大)”和第五段中“Obese workers in health care, for example, make 11% less than their slimmer colleagues; those in management roles make roughly 9% less, on average.(例如，在医疗保健行业，肥胖的员工比苗条的同事少赚11%；而那些担任管理职位的人的平均薪酬要低9%左右)”可推知，一个有博士学位的胖女医生比她的同事更容易受到歧视。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Obese people experience discrimination (歧视) in many parts of their lives, and the workplace is no exception. Studies have long shown that obese workers, defined as those with a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, earn significantly less than their slimmer co-workers.(肥胖人群在生活的许多方面都受到歧视，工作场所也不例外。长期以来的研究表明，肥胖员工，即身体质量指数(BMI)为30或以上的员工，收入明显低于较苗条的同事)”和最后一段中“These results suggest that the total costs of wage discrimination borne by overweight workers in America are greater than expected. Now, it’s time for our governments to take it seriously.(这些结果表明，美国超重工人承担的工资歧视的总成本比预期的要高。现在，是我们的政府认真对待这个问题的时候了)”可推知，作者以客观的方式提出了对肥胖人群的歧视问题，提供了数据和研究来支持肥胖员工(无论男女)比苗条同事挣得少的论点。作者没有表达个人对这个问题的支持或反对，而是提出事实，让读者得出自己的结论。因此，这种态度是客观的。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now, it’s time for our governments to take it seriously.(现在，是我们的政府认真对待这个问题的时候了)”可知，作者在段尾呼吁政府认真对待对肥胖人群的歧视问题。由此推知，接下来可能会谈论针对工作场所肥胖歧视问题应该采取的行动。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Emotional energy is a relatively new term to describe our vitality (活力). ____16____ If we feel that some situations drain (耗尽) us, then it’s because they take away all our vitality in matters that are insignificant, but ones that do require effort. They’re situations that only distract us from what’s truly important, and from the things that enrich us. Let’s learn to identify them and avoid them.
Arguments about insignificant issues
A debate is a great opportunity to present your own points of view and learn from other’s opinions. However, something very different happens when two people get into a pointless argument. ____17____
Gossip
____18____. This sort of curiosity is no more than a sign of a lack of identity. Whoever gossips about others looks for themselves in other people. The thing is, they just can’t find themselves.
Worrying over and over again
One of the situations that drain our emotional energy is unstoppable doubt. This is when we think and think but only come up with “ifs” and “buts”. We try to find the right answer or make the right decision just by reflection. ____19____
Need for approval
We’re constantly trying to get other people’s approval. ____20____ Instead of investing time to explore who we are, whether others like us or not, we just spend our time doing things that other people want us to do. Generally, people either accept you or they don’t, and sometimes for reasons that are completely beyond your control.
A. We spend so much time worrying about things that it blurs our vision of life.
B. The only purpose of it is to “beat the other person”, and express their own points of view.
C. By doing this we’re just cheating ourselves.
D. Vitality is the strength that we have before tiredness sets in.
E. We go on and on about the same problem, without actually doing anything to solve it.
F. Sticking our noses into other’s private lives, instead of our own, drains our emotional energy.
G. However, we forget that many answers come only when we combine thought and action.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何识别并避免消耗我们情感能量的情况，包括无意义的争论、说闲话、反复忧虑和渴望得到认可等。
【16题详解】
空前“Emotional energy is a relatively new term to describe our vitality(活力).(情感能量是一个相对较新的术语，用来描述我们的活力)”提到情感能量和活力的关系，D选项“活力是我们在疲劳到来之前所拥有的力量”承接上文，进一步补充什么是“活力”，且与下文中的vitality呼应。故选D。
【17题详解】
上文“A debate is a great opportunity to present your own points of view and learn from other’s opinions. However, something very different happens when two people get into a pointless argument.(辩论是一个很好的机会来展示自己的观点，并从别人的观点中学习。然而，当两个人陷入一场毫无意义的争论时，事情就完全不同了)”表示当辩论变成争论，情况就不一样了，B选项“它的唯一目的是“击败对方”，并表达自己的观点”承接上文，说明争论只是为了获胜，不像辩论，还可以从别人的观点中学习，句中代词it指代上文a pointless argument。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据“Gossip(说闲话)”可知，本段说明闲话的影响，F选项“干涉别人的私人生活，而不是自己的，会耗尽我们的情感能量”表明说闲话会耗尽我们的情感能量，与本段主题一致，句中Sticking our noses into other’s private lives与标题Gossip照应。故选F。
【19题详解】
空前“We try to find the right answer or make the right decision just by reflection.(我们试图通过反思来找到正确的答案或做出正确的决定)”指出我们试图通过思考来找到答案，G选项“然而，我们忘记了许多答案只有当我们把思想和行动结合起来时才会出现”与上文构成转折关系，说明思考要与行动相结合才能找到答案，句中answers与上一句the right answer相照应。故选G。
【20题详解】
空前“We’re constantly trying to get other people’s approval.(我们总是试图得到别人的认可)”表示试图得到别人的认可是我们一直在做的事情，C选项“这样做，我们只是在欺骗自己”指出这样做的问题，句中的this指代上文中to get other people’s approval，且下文“Generally, people either accept you or they don’t, and sometimes for reasons that are completely beyond your control.(一般来说，人们要么接受你，要么不接受你，有时是因为你完全无法控制的原因)”对C项做出解释，说明别人的认可是无法掌控的，因此，这种做法是自欺欺人。故选C。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were ___21___, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was ___22___ our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look ___23___.
We finally did and it was ___24___ at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and ___25___ of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.
Days later, we made a(n) ___26___ far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t ___27___ us. They renewed their offer instead. It was also much more than we could afford, but far ___28___ than the original asking price.
The next day, we got a ___29___ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the ____30____ directly. We made our final offer, which ____31____ was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, ____32____ we had to try.
“Sold!” said the owner. Then he explained: He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d ____33____ the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the ____34____ in the price “an early wedding present”.
That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are ____35____, they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met.
21. A. needed B. limited C. enough D. large
22. A. below B. within C. beyond D. between
23. A. at least B. at most C. at times D. at hand
24. A. relief B. concern C. love D. curiosity
25. A. pride B. happiness C. challenge D. desire
26. A. effort B. offer C. promise D. profit
27. A. come across B. look after C. depend on D. laugh at
28. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher
29. A. relaxing B. disappointing C. pleasant D. regular
30. A. agents B. buyers C. managers D. owners
31. A. already B. still C. generally D. ever
32. A. so B. or C. for D. but
33. A. check B. analyze C. appreciate D. ignore
34. A. increase B. difference C. interest D. average
35. A. kind B. polite C. smart D. energetic
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和未婚夫打算购买第一套房子，因为资金有限，他们一直找不到满意的房子。一位代理人推荐了一套房子，虽然价格高出承受范围，但他们被房子和主人的温暖吸引，决定提出低于要价的报价。通过和主人交谈，他们最终以低于其他买家报价的价格成功购得房子。主人深知他们对这个家的热爱，让他们将差价视为提前的结婚礼物，让他们成为新的居住者。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们的资金有限，在我们的价格范围内的房子没有一套令人满意。A. needed需要的；B. limited有限的；C. enough足够的；D. large大的。根据下文“and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory”可知，在他们价格范围内的房子没有一套令人满意，由此推知，他们买房的资金比较有限，选择比较少。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：虽然她的描述听起来很好，但价格超出了我们的承受范围，所以我们拒绝了。A. below在……下方；B. within在……之内；C. beyond超出；D. between在……之间。根据下文“so we declined”可知，他们拒绝了，由此推知，这套房子的价格超出了他们的承受范围。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但她一直劝我们至少去看一看。A. at least至少；B. at most至多；C. at times有时候；D. at hand在手边。根据上文“so we declined”和“But she kept urging us to have a look”可推知，代理人会在他们拒绝之后，劝他们至少去看一下房子，希望改变他们的想法。故选A。
24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们最终去看了，而且是一见钟情。A. relief安慰；B. concern关注；C. love爱；D. curiosity好奇心。根据下文“It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake.”可知，作者觉得这就是他们的家，对这套房子非常满意，因此是一见钟情，固定短语love at first sight意为“一见钟情”。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在房间里走来走去，和主人——一对和蔼的老夫妇——交谈，我们在那所房子里感受到婚姻的温暖和幸福。A. pride自豪；B. happiness幸福；C. challenge挑战；D. desire渴望。根据上文“a nice elderly couple”和“we felt the warmth”可推知，happiness“幸福”符合语境，可以和warmth并列，用于形容这对和蔼的老夫妇的房子洋溢着他们婚姻的温暖和幸福。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，我们给出了远低于要价的报价。A. effort努力；B. offer报价；C. promise承诺；D. profit利润。根据作者他们是想购买房子的情境，以及下文“far below the asking price”可推知，作者他们是给出了报价，远低于房子主人的要价。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有嘲笑我们。A. come across遭遇；B. look after照顾；C. depend on依赖；D. laugh at嘲笑。根据上文“Days later, we made a(n) ___6___ far below the asking price.”和下文“They renewed their offer instead.”可知，作者他们给出的购房价格远低于要价，不过房子的主人考虑到作者他们的情况，更新了要价，因此此处指房子的主人没有嘲笑给出低价的作者他们。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也远远超出了我们的承受能力，但远低于最初的要价。A. worse更糟的；B. better更好的；C. less更少的；D. higher更高的。根据上文“It was also much more than we could afford”和表示转折的“but”可推知，虽然房子的主人重新给出的价格仍让超出作者他们的承受能力，但已经低于最初的要价了。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我们得到了一个令人失望的消息，另一个买主出了更高的价格。A. relaxing放松的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. pleasant愉快的；D. regular规则的。根据下文“another buyer had offered a much higher price”可知，另一个买主出了更高的价格，因此房子很可能会被卖给这位买主，这对于给出很低价格的作者他们来说是令人失望的消息。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我们还是决定直接和主人谈谈。A. agents代理人；B. buyers买家；C. managers经理；D. owners主人。根据下文““Sold!” said the owner.”可知，房子的主人决定把房子卖给作者他们了，由此推知，作者他们是决定直接和主人谈谈，争取买下这套房子。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们提出了最后的报价，但仍比另一位买家的出价低了数千美元。A. already已经；B. still仍然；C. generally一般地；D. ever曾经。根据上文“another buyer had offered a much higher price”可知，另一个买主出了更高的价格，作者他们最初的报价低于他的价格，再结合下文“was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid”可推知，虽然作者他们上调了自己的报价，但仍然比那位买家的出价低。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，但我们必须尝试。A. so因此；B. or或者；C. for因为；D. but但是。根据上文“We knew it”和下文“we had to try”可知，作者他们知道自己的报价低于另一个买主，在购房中处于不利地位，但还是想尝试争取一下，上下文之间是转折关系。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他知道我们有多爱这个地方，也知道我们会感激他们多年来为这个房子所倾注的努力。A. check检查；B. analyze分析；C. appreciate感激；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place”可知，房子的主人看到作者他们坐在湖边，知道他们很爱这个地方，因此也明白他们会感激自己过去这些年为这个房子倾注的努力。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他让我们把差价当作“提前的结婚礼物”。A. increase增加；B. difference差价；C. interest兴趣；D. average平均值。根据上文“We made our final offer, which ___11___ was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid.”可知，作者他们的最终报价仍然低于另一个买主，因此此处指两个报价之间的差价。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们就是这样找到了家，我也由此明白，当人们给予善意的时候，他们不是陌生人，只是我们还没见过的朋友。A. kind友善的；B. polite有礼貌的；C. smart聪明的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文叙述的房子的主人在作者他们第一次给出很低的报价时，没有嘲笑，而是调低了房子的售价，以及在另一位买家报价更高的情况下，依然因为作者他们对这个房子的热爱，把房子卖给了作者他们可推知，此处指房子的主人给予善意，友善对待作者他们。故选A。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On 22nd December 2023, the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly (联合国大会) witnessed a ___36___ (history) milestone. Unanimously (一致地), the assembly agreed to declare the Spring Festival a United Nation’s holiday. This decision has been welcomed as a significant recognition of the festival ___37___ (celebrate) by millions worldwide, particularly within Chinese communities.
The resolution ___38___ (honor) Chinese New Year as a UN holiday is a mirror ___39___ (reflect) the cultural diversity and the spirit of the global organization. The UN, through this agreement, has made a strong statement of its commitment to cultures and the acknowledgment of important cultural celebrations ___40___ (globe). The move is ___41___ proof of the UN General Assembly’s ability in emphasizing their role in strengthening global unity and respect for all cultures.
Chinese New Year is not only a celebration marked ___42___ feasts, fireworks, and family reunions but also a rich cultural tradition ___43___ includes various elements of Chinese philosophy, folklore, and symbolism. By declaring it a UN holiday, the United Nations ___44___ (promote) its status so far, giving it a global platform and encouraging a deeper appreciation of Chinese culture.
In conclusion, the decision provides an opportunity for the world to learn and understand more about Chinese culture. Moreover, it ____45____ (far) promotes the principles of peace, respect, and mutual understanding that highlight the mission and vision of the United Nations.
【答案】36. historic
37. celebrated
38. to honor
39. reflecting
40. globally
41. a 42. by
43. that##which
44. has promoted
45. further
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了联合国大会将中国春节定为联合国假日这一事件，并着重说明了人们对此的反响和这一决议的意义。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2023年12月22日，第78届联合国大会见证了一个历史性的里程碑。分析句子可知，空处是修饰milestone的定语，history的形容词形式historic符合题意，意为“历史上重要的，历史性的”，侧重事物或人在历史上的重要性或对历史的影响，historic milestone意为“历史性的里程碑”。故填historic。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一决定受到欢迎，因为这是对全球数亿人，特别是华人社区庆祝春节的重要认可。分析句子可知，空处作festival的后置定语，是非谓语动词，celebrate“庆祝”和festival逻辑上是被动关系，且此处侧重描述该节日的性质，应用celebrate的过去分词形式。故填celebrated。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：将中国新年定为联合国节日的决议反映了这个全球性组织的文化多样性和精神。名词resolution后常跟动词不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的决议，决心做某事”。故填to honor。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：将中国新年定为联合国节日的决议反映了这个全球性组织的文化多样性和精神。分析句子可知，空处作mirror的后置定语，是非谓语动词，reflect“反映”和mirror逻辑上是主动关系，且此处侧重描述这面镜子的性质，应用reflect的现在分词形式。故填reflecting。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：联合国通过这一决议，对其对文化的承诺和对全球重要文化庆祝活动的认可做出了强有力的声明。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词短语important cultural celebrations，globe的副词形式globally符合题意，意为“全球地”，为地点副词，作后置定语，表示全球重要文化庆祝活动。故填globally。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此举证明了联合国大会在强调其在加强全球团结和尊重所有文化方面的作用方面的能力。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且proof的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国新年不仅是一个以盛宴、烟花和家庭团聚为标志的庆祝活动，而且是一个丰富的文化传统，包括中国哲学、民间传说和象征主义的各种元素。空前的marked是过去分词，作修饰celebration的后置定语，结合“feasts, fireworks, and family reunions”可推知，此处用固定短语be marked by表示“以……为特征，以……为标志”。故填by。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国新年不仅是一个以盛宴、烟花和家庭团聚为标志的庆祝活动，而且是一个丰富的文化传统，包括中国哲学、民间传说和象征主义的各种元素。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tradition，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
【44题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：通过将其定为联合国节日，联合国提升了其地位，为其提供了一个全球平台，并鼓励人们更深入地欣赏中国文化。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为so far，句子应用现在完成时，主语the United Nations应视作一个完整的个体，助动词用has。故填has promoted。
【45题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：此外，它还进一步促进和平、尊重和相互理解的原则，这些原则突出了联合国的使命和愿景。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词promotes，结合“Moreover”可知，此处指“进一步”促进，应用far的比较级形式further，侧重抽象意义上的距离。故填further。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是校戏剧社成员李华，戏剧社本周面向全校师生举办了一次英语戏剧节活动。请你写一封邮件给校戏剧社外教 Jack，内容包括：
1. 你对该活动的评价；
2. 提出新建议以改进活动；
3. 表达你的期望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已写出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：英语戏剧节(the Thespian Festival)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
I’m writing to share my feedback on the Thespian Festival organized by our drama club this week.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efforts of the club in organizing this event.
However, I also have some suggestions for improvement. For example, it would be great if we could have more interactive activities during the festival, such as workshops or Q&A sessions with the actors and directors. This would help to engage the audience more deeply and enhance their understanding and appreciation of English drama.
I hope that our drama club will continue to organize more events like this in the future, and I look forward to participating in them.
Your,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的信件。要求考生给校戏剧社外教 Jack写信，就学校戏剧社面向全校师生举办的一次英语戏剧节活动给出自己的评价，提出新的建议并表达期望。
【详解】1.词汇积累
真诚的：sincere→ genuine
建议：suggestion → advice
提高：enhance → improve
参加：participate in→ take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to share my feedback on the Thespian Festival organized by our drama club this week.
拓展句：I’m writing to share my feedback on the Thespian Festival which was organized by our drama club this week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, it would be great if we could have more interactive activities during the festival, such as workshops or Q&A sessions with the actors and directors.（运用了if引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope that our drama club will continue to organize more events like this in the future, and I look forward to participating in them.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
ALICE IN WONDERLAND is my favorite story of all time. And acting is my number one passion. So when my sixth-grade teacher announced during my first week at Newland Elementary that we’d be performing it for the school play, I practically screamed out loud with excitement. I’d always wanted to play the role of Alice!
Luckily, I stopped the scream before it really escaped. In Poulsbo, I’d starred in every play from third grade on. I played my first role as Tinkerbell in Peter Pan. And after that, backflips (后空翻) just couldn’t compare. All my friends were in the plays, too, and we’d had so much fun together! And I just knew that if I could star as Alice, life at Newland Elementary would be a lot more fun.
Mrs. Peason, our teacher, announced, “The role of Alice goes to Taylor! ” My head buzzed. My stomach erupted like a volcano. But I clapped along with everyone else and put a fake smile on my face. It took Mrs. Pearson forever to get to my name. When she finally did, she read, “Hazel, Tyler, and Ella-hedgehogs (刺猬)!” She announced this as if we’d just won a million dollars. But the hedgehogs had no lines. Mrs. Pearson looked at us expectantly. I cast an eye on the other two. Ella looked as if she were about to cry. Tyler looked as if he’d just eaten a piece of bad cheese.
The next day we had our first rehearsal. “I really wanted to be Alice,” I said, knowing that they were both wonderful dancers and wanted to do something different instead of being a hedgehog. “Since you just moved here, you probably didn’t know that Taylor has gotten all the starring roles since kindergarten. The rest of us just have to take what’s left.” Ella said. “Oh,” I said, startled. In Poulsbo, I’d been the one who’d gotten every starring role. I’d never even wondered if maybe the other kids had felt bad about that.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para. 1: Suddenly I had an idea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2: Everyone erupted into applause.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly I had an idea. Maybe I could make the role of a hedgehog special. After all, I’d been a star in Poulsbo, but this was a new school, a new opportunity. I could turn this minor role into something memorable. I started brainstorming ideas for how to make the hedgehogs stand out, even without any lines. I would use my acting skills and creativity to make the audience laugh and remember us, even if we weren’t the lead characters.
Everyone erupted into applause. At the next rehearsal, I presented my ideas to Mrs. Pearson and the other hedgehogs. Ella and Tyler’s faces lit up as they saw the potential in my plan. We rehearsed with newfound enthusiasm, and when the big day came, our performance stole the show. The audience roared with laughter as we spun and tumbled, our spines quivering like real hedgehogs. It was a hit, and I realized that even without the starring role, every could still shine.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候在新学校期待扮演爱丽丝的角色，却意外被选为演刺猬。作者曾在家乡的学校里一直是主演，但新学校的同学告诉她，班上的泰勒从幼儿园起就一直是主演，其他人只能演剩下的角色。作者突然意识到，自己曾经就是那个“主演”，但作者从未想过其他孩子会不会为此感到难过。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然我有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写作者想到了演好刺猬的方法，要把这个小角色变成令人难忘的角色。
②由第二段首句内容“每个人都爆发出掌声。”可知，第二段可描写作者和同学们扮演的刺猬非常成功，抢尽了风头，证明了即便不是主角，每个人也可以熠熠生辉。
2.续写线索：想要把小角色演成令人难忘的角色——集思广益设计演出——表演出尽风头得到赞许——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行为类
①使变成：turn...into.../change...into...
②突然爆发出：erupt into/burst into
③颤抖：quiver/tremble
情绪类
①难忘的：memorable/unforgettable
②放声大笑：roar with laughter/scream with laughter
【点睛】[高分句型1] I would use my acting skills and creativity to make the audience laugh and remember us, even if we weren’t the lead characters.(运用了even if引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] We rehearsed with newfound enthusiasm, and when the big day came, our performance stole the show.(运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] It was a hit, and I realized that even without the starring role, every could still shine.(运用了连词that引导宾语从句)杭州学军中学2023学年第一学期期末考试高二英语试卷
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力(略)
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best Alternatives of Top Travel Booking Sites
After losing two precious years to COVID, everybody is desperate to travel and explore the world. However, planning a dream trip is not easy as it demands carefully spending your money on flights and accommodation. Let’s see what best travel booking sites in the UK has to offer and what alternatives we have:
Travelhouseuk
It has been dedicated to serving its important clients for more than two decades now by using the expertise of travel agents. It is an element of human interaction with your travel agent that allows you to discuss your requirements in depth for personalization and look for customer support even after the booking is made.
Skyscanner
It is a user-friendly interface that compares flight prices from all over the globe and brings out the best deals on flights. Not only flights but you can use this metasearch engine for hotels and car rentals too. It is a great tool for everyone, but some alternatives may help you even better in finding the cheapest trip to your destination.
Cheap Flights
When Skyscanner considers known carriers to maintain the quality, Cheapflights takes the lead with the cheapest flight options worldwide. The online site serves up the cheapest time to fly, reasonable hotel rates, low-cost car rentals and vacation packages. The aim is to promote and simplify your travel experience by offering it all in one place.
Google Flights
It is a renowned name that facilitates online sales of air ticket through third-party suppliers. The best feature of using Google Flights is based on no predetermined time limits. You can look for the cheapest flying dates within the next two months of search dates.
1 What makes Travelhouseuk special
A. Its price. B. Its convenience.
C. Its booking time. D. Its personalized service.
2. Which travel agency can you choose if you want to drive
A Travelhouseuk and Google Flights. B. Google Flights and Cheap Flights.
C. Skyscanner and Cheap Flights. D. Cheap Flights and Travelhouseuk.
3. In which part of the web can you read this article
A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Lifestyle. D. Business.
B
Several security guards of residential compounds in Beijing and workers were seen shoveling snow and some parked vehicles were covered by thick overnight snow. The first snowfall of winter arrived in Beijing early Monday, covering the Chinese capital with a mantle (披风) of white overnight and plunging (使……下降) the city into freezing temperatures, with even colder weather coming this week in northern China.
Snowfall reached 5.8 mm on average by early Monday, with the highest snowfall of 10.2 mm recorded in Fangshan district, Beijing Meteorological (气象的) Service data showed. Beijing typically sees its first snow of the season between late November and February, or even none at all. More snowfall is expected this week, with temperatures seen further sliding to as low as -20°Celsius. The Chinese capital last saw such similarly extremely cold weather on Jan. 7, 2021, when the temperature dropped to -19.6℃.
The cold snap (寒潮) in Beijing this week compared with the autumn-like conditions a week ago, mirrored the sharp swings in temperatures recently. In October, Beijing experienced one of its warmest Octobers in decades in a year of weather extremes.
On Monday, the government warned of road icing in large parts of the city of nearly 22 million, with authorities shutting some expressways or partially closing sections. By 10 a. m. local time, 62 out of a few hundred flights had been cancelled at the Beijing Capital Airport. Railway authorities enforced speed limits on lines connecting Beijing and Guangzhou in southern China, causing delays in some passenger trains. By 7 a. m. Monday, more than 180 bus routes in Beijing had been suspended.
The official Beijing Daily reported that vegetable stocks were enough, hitting this year’s highest daily market volume of 23,800 tons, as merchants stocked up (备货) ahead of time. Huang, a Beijing resident working in the internet sector, said the snow in Beijing came early. “Normally, it doesn’t snow until the Spring Festival,” Huang said, referring to the start of the Lunar New Year, which typically falls in January or February.
4. Which of the following is not used to show the seriousness of the snowfall in paragraph
A. By listing out numbers. B. By illustrating a viewpoint.
C. By citing data from the authority. D. By making comparisons.
5. What contrast in weather conditions did Beijing experience as mentioned in the article
A. From hot summers to mild winters.
B. From dry conditions to heavy rainfall.
C. From autumn-like conditions to a sudden coldness.
D. From constant snow to unexpectedly warm temperatures.
6. Which of the following word is close to the meaning of “enforced” in paragraph 4
A. introduced B. obeyed C. happened D. improved
7. What positive measure did merchants in Beijing take in anticipation of the snowfall
A. Organized community support groups. B. Increased storage of essential supplies.
C. Created emergency shelters for the homeless. D. Offered discounts and sales to boost business.
C
Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.
Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.
Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian.
This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale.
The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says.
Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake.
“We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale.
To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”
8. What can we know about GANs
A. GANs can cheat trained observers.
B. GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks.
C. GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones.
D. GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones.
9. Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research
A. To warn people the risk of online fraud.
B To train people to discover fake photos online.
C. To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones.
D. To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people.
10. What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph
A. Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed.
B. Effective ways are needed but not found yet.
C. Watermarks are an effective way against fake images.
D. Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images.
11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. Development of Internet scams. B. Development of AI technology
C. Will fake faces look more trustworthy D. Legal frameworks for GANs
D
Obese people experience discrimination (歧视) in many parts of their lives, and the workplace is no exception. Studies have long shown that obese workers, defined as those with a body-mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, earn significantly less than their slimmer co-workers.
Yet the costs of weight discrimination may be even greater than previously thought. “The overwhelming evidence,” wrote the Institute for employment Studies, “is that it is only women living with obesity who experience the obesity wage penalty (薪资损失).” They were expressing a view that is widely aired in academic papers. To test it, The Economist has analyzed data concerning 23,000 workers from the American Time Use Survey, conducted by the Bureau of Labour Statistics. Our number-processing suggests that, in fact, being obese hurts the earnings of both women and men.
The data we analyzed cover men and women aged between 25 and 54 and in full-time employment. At a general level, it is true that men’s BMIs are unrelated to their wages. But that changes for men with university degrees. For them, obesity is associated with a wage penalty of nearly 8%, even after accounting for the separate effects of age, race, graduate education and marital status.
The conclusion — that well-educated workers in particular are penalized for their weight — holds for both sexes. Moreover, the higher your level of education, the greater the penalty. We found that obese men with a Bachelor’s degree (学士学位) earn 5% less than their thinner colleagues, while those with a Master’s degree earn 14% less. Obese women, it is true, still have it worse: for them, the equivalent figures are 12% and 19%, respectively (分别地).
Your line of work makes a difference, too. When we dealt with the numbers for individual occupations and industries, we found the greatest differences in high-skilled jobs. Obese workers in health care, for example, make 11% less than their slimmer colleagues; those in management roles make roughly 9% less, on average. In sectors such as construction and agriculture, meanwhile, obesity is actually associated with higher wages.
These results suggest that the total costs of wage discrimination borne by overweight workers in America are greater than expected. Now, it’s time for our governments to take it seriously.
12. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 2
A. Obese men earn less salary.
B. Only obese women earn less salary.
C. Both obese men and women earn less salary.
D. Weight discrimination may be greater than previously thought.
13. Who may experience more discrimination compared to their colleagues according to the data
A. A fat woman office director.
B. An obese construction worker.
C. An obese man with a bachelor’s degree.
D. A heavier female doctor with a Doctor’s degree.
14. What is the writer’s attitude of overweight discrimination
A. Supportive B. Objective C. Subjective D. indifferent
15. What might the author continue talking about
A. Overweight discrimination in other countries.
B. The reason of discriminating obese people in their lives.
C. American people’s attitude towards overweight discrimination.
D. Actions taken against overweight discrimination in workplaces.
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Emotional energy is a relatively new term to describe our vitality (活力). ____16____ If we feel that some situations drain (耗尽) us, then it’s because they take away all our vitality in matters that are insignificant, but ones that do require effort. They’re situations that only distract us from what’s truly important, and from the things that enrich us. Let’s learn to identify them and avoid them.
Arguments about insignificant issues
A debate is a great opportunity to present your own points of view and learn from other’s opinions. However, something very different happens when two people get into a pointless argument. ____17____
Gossip
____18____. This sort of curiosity is no more than a sign of a lack of identity. Whoever gossips about others looks for themselves in other people. The thing is, they just can’t find themselves.
Worrying over and over again
One of the situations that drain our emotional energy is unstoppable doubt. This is when we think and think but only come up with “ifs” and “buts”. We try to find the right answer or make the right decision just by reflection. ____19____
Need for approval
We’re constantly trying to get other people’s approval. ____20____ Instead of investing time to explore who we are, whether others like us or not, we just spend our time doing things that other people want us to do. Generally, people either accept you or they don’t, and sometimes for reasons that are completely beyond your control.
A. We spend so much time worrying about things that it blurs our vision of life.
B. The only purpose of it is to “beat the other person”, and express their own points of view.
C. By doing this we’re just cheating ourselves.
D. Vitality is the strength that we have before tiredness sets in.
E. We go on and on about the same problem, without actually doing anything to solve it.
F. Sticking our noses into other’s private lives, instead of our own, drains our emotional energy.
G. However, we forget that many answers come only when we combine thought and action.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My fiancé (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were ___21___, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was ___22___ our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look ___23___.
We finally did and it was ___24___ at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and ___25___ of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.
Days later, we made a(n) ___26___ far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t ___27___ us. They renewed their offer instead. It was also much more than we could afford, but far ___28___ than the original asking price.
The next day, we got a ___29___ message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the ____30____ directly. We made our final offer, which ____31____ was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, ____32____ we had to try.
“Sold!” said the owner. Then he explained: He’d seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we’d ____33____ the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the ____34____ in the price “an early wedding present”.
That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are ____35____, they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t yet met.
21. A. needed B. limited C. enough D. large
22. A. below B. within C. beyond D. between
23. A. at least B. at most C. at times D. at hand
24. A. relief B. concern C. love D. curiosity
25. A. pride B. happiness C. challenge D. desire
26. A. effort B. offer C. promise D. profit
27. A. come across B. look after C. depend on D. laugh at
28. A. worse B. better C. less D. higher
29. A. relaxing B. disappointing C. pleasant D. regular
30. A. agents B. buyers C. managers D. owners
31. A. already B. still C. generally D. ever
32. A. so B. or C. for D. but
33. A. check B. analyze C. appreciate D. ignore
34. A. increase B. difference C. interest D. average
35. A. kind B. polite C. smart D. energetic
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On 22nd December 2023, the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly (联合国大会) witnessed a ___36___ (history) milestone. Unanimously (一致地), the assembly agreed to declare the Spring Festival a United Nation’s holiday. This decision has been welcomed as a significant recognition of the festival ___37___ (celebrate) by millions worldwide, particularly within Chinese communities.
The resolution ___38___ (honor) Chinese New Year as a UN holiday is a mirror ___39___ (reflect) the cultural diversity and the spirit of the global organization. The UN, through this agreement, has made a strong statement of its commitment to cultures and the acknowledgment of important cultural celebrations ___40___ (globe). The move is ___41___ proof of the UN General Assembly’s ability in emphasizing their role in strengthening global unity and respect for all cultures.
Chinese New Year is not only a celebration marked ___42___ feasts, fireworks, and family reunions but also a rich cultural tradition ___43___ includes various elements of Chinese philosophy, folklore, and symbolism. By declaring it a UN holiday, the United Nations ___44___ (promote) its status so far, giving it a global platform and encouraging a deeper appreciation of Chinese culture.
In conclusion, the decision provides an opportunity for the world to learn and understand more about Chinese culture. Moreover, it ____45____ (far) promotes the principles of peace, respect, and mutual understanding that highlight the mission and vision of the United Nations.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是校戏剧社成员李华，戏剧社本周面向全校师生举办了一次英语戏剧节活动。请你写一封邮件给校戏剧社外教 Jack，内容包括：
1. 你对该活动的评价；
2. 提出新建议以改进活动；
3. 表达你的期望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已写出，不计入总词数；参考词汇：英语戏剧节(the Thespian Festival)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
ALICE IN WONDERLAND is my favorite story of all time. And acting is my number one passion. So when my sixth-grade teacher announced during my first week at Newland Elementary that we’d be performing it for the school play, I practically screamed out loud with excitement. I’d always wanted to play the role of Alice!
Luckily I stopped the scream before it really escaped. In Poulsbo, I’d starred in every play from third grade on. I played my first role as Tinkerbell in Peter Pan. And after that, backflips (后空翻) just couldn’t compare. All my friends were in the plays, too, and we’d had so much fun together! And I just knew that if I could star as Alice, life at Newland Elementary would be a lot more fun.
Mrs. Peason, our teacher, announced, “The role of Alice goes to Taylor! ” My head buzzed. My stomach erupted like a volcano. But I clapped along with everyone else and put a fake smile on my face. It took Mrs. Pearson forever to get to my name. When she finally did, she read, “Hazel, Tyler, and Ella-hedgehogs (刺猬)!” She announced this as if we’d just won a million dollars. But the hedgehogs had no lines. Mrs. Pearson looked at us expectantly. I cast an eye on the other two. Ella looked as if she were about to cry. Tyler looked as if he’d just eaten a piece of bad cheese.
The next day we had our first rehearsal. “I really wanted to be Alice,” I said, knowing that they were both wonderful dancers and wanted to do something different instead of being a hedgehog. “Since you just moved here, you probably didn’t know that Taylor has gotten all the starring roles since kindergarten. The rest of us just have to take what’s left.” Ella said. “Oh,” I said, startled. In Poulsbo, I’d been the one who’d gotten every starring role. I’d never even wondered if maybe the other kids had felt bad about that.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para. 1: Suddenly I had an idea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2: Everyone erupted into applause.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
