2023—2024学年高一下学期期中测试卷
英语
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In today’s classroom, homework is completed not only with the pen and paper, but also with computers and cell phones. How to make the best use of such digital products is an important question for teachers and students. The following top digital portfolio platforms（作品集平台）offer a broad range of functions. Most importantly, they provide a way to share students’ work with pride.
Google Sites
Creating a digital portfolio could not be any easier than Google Sites makes it. It lets students quickly put in contents, such as text, images, videos, maps, and much more. Use one of the provided six themes or create a custom one, and then publish it as a public or restricted-view (限制浏览的）site.
Seesaw for Schools
Designed for education, Seesaw for Schools provides a platform through which students complete and share school projects. By recording the process of gradually improving their schoolwork, kids gain a sense of mastery（熟练）and pride, so it is popular among them. Plus, parents can be involved too — just download the Seesaw Family app.
Artsonia
Artsonia is like a dream come true for art-minded students: a free, safe, educational space through which students show their digital creativity. Friends and family can view, comment on and buy objects. Just celebrate the artistic skills with Artsonia!
Edublogs
One of the oldest and best-known web platforms for education, Edublogs makes it easy for teachers and students to start building a free WordPress platform. The free plan offers some storage space, class management tools, and no advertising. A set of educator guides and community participation is another big plus for Edublogs.
1. Which is true about Google Sites
A. It offers students online publishing rights for free.
B. It provides students seven themes.
C. It allows students to create contents in different forms.
D. It lets students learn from others’ work.
2. Which platform can help students trace their progress
A. Google. B. Seesaw for Schools. C. Artsonia. D. Edublogs.
3. Which of the following makes Edublogs different from other platforms
A. It is completely free of charge.
B. It is a platform for art-minded students.
C. It can store large amounts of information.
D. It provides the guidance from specialists.
B
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico. I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.
While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.
I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod (三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they were all over me-my arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak (高峰时期的) firefly presence lasts for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photos in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight—and I’d grown accustomed to insects on my face.
I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30- second exposure. You can track the insects’ paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
4. How did the author feel about the editor’s request
A. Nervous B. Delighted C. Confused D. Regretful
5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in paragraph 2
A. Relief B. Return C. Trend D. Victory
6 What did the author intend to do during the first two nights
A. Learn about the local travel rules.
B Research the habit of the fireflies.
C Communicate constantly with the guides.
D. Find the suitable spot and time to take photos.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To tell findings about fireflies. B. To share the story behind a photo.
C. To record a travelling experience. D. To show the author’s working conditions.
C
Many people, especially the elderly, suffer from abnormal sleep. In particular, the deep sleep phases become shorter and shallower with age.
Researchers have shown that the brain waves characterizing deep sleep, so-called slow waves, can be improved by playing precisely timed sounds through earphones while sleeping. While this works well in the laboratory under controlled conditions, there has been no at-home solution that can be used for a time longer than just one night.
As part of the SleepLoop project, researchers have developed a mobile system that can be used at home and aims to promote deep sleep through auditory(听觉的) brain stimulation.
The SleepLoop system consists of a headband that is put on at bedtime and worn throughout the night. This headband contains electrodes(电极) and a microchip that can constantly measure the brain activity of the sleeping person. As soon as the sleeping person shows slow waves in the brain activity, the system will set off a short auditory signal. This helps synchronize(使……同步) the neuronal cells and enhance the slow waves. What makes the solution unique is that the sleeping person is not consciously aware of this sound during deep sleep.
It’s the first time that the researchers, led by Caroline Lustenberger, have conducted a clinical study with this device. The study involved equipping participants, between 60 and 80 years old, with the SleepLoop system, which they were required to operate in their own homes. The system is designed to function independently even for users with little technical experience. “This worked very well. We had surprisingly little data loss and the participants rated the device as user-friendly,” says Lustenberger.
The participants wore the device every night for a total of four weeks. The results showed it was indeed possible to enhance the slow waves through auditory signals during deep sleep in most participants. However, individual differences were considerable, which can be used to better predict how a given individual will respond to the auditory stimulus. The company ToSoo AG is currently working on that so that it can be competitive once it comes onto the clinical market. It’s already clear that it’ll not be freely available, but only via a doctor’s prescription. “Use of the device must be medically indicated,” a researcher says.
8. What did researchers of the SleepLoop project try to work out
A. How to avoid deep sleep phases decreasing with age.
B. How to distinguish slow waves from other brain waves.
C. How to accurately create home sleep conditions in the laboratory.
D. How to continuously improve deep sleep by playing sounds at home.
9 What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The working principle of the SleepLoop system.
B. The advantages of the Sleep Loop system.
C. The brain activity during deep sleep.
D. The features of brain waves.
10. What can we learn about the clinical study
A. It lasted longer than previous clinical studies.
B. It proves the new device is easy to operate.
C. It collected little data due to the participants’ advanced ages.
D. It required the participants to master basic technical knowledge.
11. What task will Tosoo AG tackle before making the device enter the clinical market
A. Attracting more investments.
B. Reducing the cost of the device.
C. Perfecting the device’s performance.
D. Getting medical officials’ permission.
D
Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water supplies.
Jennifer Brophy, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, is working on methods she hopes will be used to change commercial plant species so they can survive severe conditions. She is developing new genetic engineering techniques that can help plants grow in a variety of different conditions. By changing the genome (基因组) of both commercial crops and soil bacteria, she thinks it may be possible to help plants survive droughts.
To make plants respond to extreme climate, Brophy is building what she calls “genetic circuits (基因回路).” In addition to changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are activated (激活). If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein; if it senses another signal, it’ll express a different protein, kicking off an entirely separate chain of events. If both signals are there, the plant may be able to express something else entirely. “Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these different inputs,” she says.
Humans can learn from the weather forecast whether it’s going to be really hot or really dry in the next couple of weeks so that we can plan accordingly. “A plant doesn’t necessarily know what’s coming. It just knows if it’s hot or mild right now,” says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes unstable. A plant that usually flowers in spring may flower in winter if there are a few unseasonably warm days. When temperatures fall again, the flowers die and ruin a year of crops. “It’d be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, ‘hey, you should wait on that flowering,’” she adds.
Controlling plants’ growth at this level is an exciting prospect, but actually putting it into practice is along way off. At the moment, Brophy is testing the concept in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis, trying to figure out how to activate certain genes on command.
12. What problem are farmers faced with according to the text
A. The shortage of strong labour force.
B. The water pollution caused by factories.
C. The pressure of feeding a growing population.
D. The harmful effect of climate change on farming.
13. What is the expected advantage of “genetic circuits”
A. Increasing farmland. B. Controlling plants’ growth.
C. Telling the weather in advance. D. Protecting plants from extreme weather.
14. What do we know about Brophy’s research
A. It is still in its early stages. B. It has been put into practice.
C. It has led to serious problems. D. It is funded by the government.
15. What’s the text mainly about
A. A scientific breakthrough in bioengineering.
B. A victorious battle against global warming.
C. A new type of plant resistant to heat waves.
D. A way to help crops survive severe conditions.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studies have shown that walking among trees makes us relaxed. ___16___There’s plenty of research showing the link between being in nature and being happy, but most of the research has focused on adults.
___17___ Explaining the motivation behind the study, researchers note that with environmental issues such as global warming, more studies are focusing on the relationships between humans and nature to find solutions to these problems, and the future of the planet lies in the hands of children and their actions. However, few studies focus on this aspect.
For the study, researchers worked with 296 children between the ages of 9 and 12. To measure how connected they were to nature, the kids were asked how much they enjoy activities like seeing wildflowers and wild animals, hearing sounds of nature and touching animals and plants. ___18___They also found that the more concerned children were about the environment and nature, the more likely they were to be happy.
So exposure to nature is related to active behaviors and happiness of children. What does that mean to adults As we all know, children usually tend to follow adults’, especially their parents’ behaviors. That’s to say, when adults are outside and appreciate nature, kids learn by example. ___19___
Researchers say that children need role models who can gently guide them to nature with excitement and an attitude of a lifelong learner. ___20___ What’s more important is that they spend time together with children by exploring a fun and safe environment.
A. It’s so good going for a walk around trees.
B. Even just smelling the trees helps reduce anxiety.
C. And if parents enjoy being close to nature, so will their children.
D. Parents don’t have to be experts in environmental science or nature studies.
E. They found that the kids connected to nature were more likely to behave actively.
F. In a new study researchers wanted to see if kids get the same benefits from being outdoors.
G. Researchers will study more about the connection between children’s happiness and nature.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With the start of new school, most freshmen were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. ____21____, 15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Sergio was particularly concerned about ____22____ his classmates would think of him.
Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio’s engineering class, ____23____ out Sergio’s situation and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school. So he hoped to ____24____ this hands-on chance to help his students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand ____25____.
For the next four ____26____, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the ____27____. With access to online models and a 3D printer, they ____28____ created a robotic hand, which looked ____29____ and worked well.
Then came the final testing day. The whole class ____30____ in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Sergio carefully ____31____ the self -made robotic hand and caught hold of a ball with his arm ____32____ slightly. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his ____33____ hand!
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant ____34____ and various media competed to ____35____ the news. His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abs tract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly.
21. A. However B. Then C. Instead D. Therefore
22. A. how B. what C. who D. whether
23. A. carried B. watched C. figured D. looked
24. A. think highly of B. let go of C. keep track of D. take advantage of
25. A. failed B. worked C. continued D. appeared
26. A. decades B. hours C. weeks D. years
27. A. meeting B. exam C. project D. course
28. A. gradually B. slowly C. immediately D. eventually
29. A. different B. common C. energetic D. good
30. A. clapped B. gathered C. studied D. discussed
31. A. wore B. controlled C. touched D. connected
32. A. pulling B. waving C. holding D. trembling
33. A. left B. right C. only D. single
34. A. story B. joke C. hit D. spot
35. A. cover B. send C. fight D. interview
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Human memory is unreliable. Even people with the ____36____ (sharp) facial recognition skills can only remember so much. However, machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it ____37____ (tell) to find-with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is ____38____ supports the facial-recognition software in the 21st century.
The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes ____39____ facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. ____40____ (figure) out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces and ____41____ (test) a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up (增长) in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people — and not just a large database ____42____ (feature) a relatively small number of different faces.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped (下降) across the board. Algorithms ____43____ were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database were accurate about 70% of the time when facing 1 million images. Machines also had difficulty ____44____ (adjust) for people who look a lot alike — either doppelgangers (相貌一样的人) ____45____ the same person who appeared at different ages.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是高中生李华，你校即将举办体育运动会。请写封邮件邀请你校的英国交换生Tom参加，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 欢迎他参加项目。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Melissa was a single parent of three small children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always tight and she had to work hard to make ends meet. But they still felt blessed with a roof over their heads, food on the plate, clothes on their backs, and even if not a lot, always enough. Not knowing they were poor, the kids just thought their mother was strict in money management. Melissa was really glad about that.
Christmas was just around the corner. Although there wasn't budget for a lot of gifts, Melissa planned to please the kids with a family party. She prepared weeks ahead of time, asking one by one what the kids wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, Melissa managed to spare $ 80 dollars for the whole family to enjoy the fun of Christmas shopping.
The big day arrived. Mellissa drove the kids to a nearby Walmart and gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill. “Now, my children,” she announced, “you have two hours to pick a gift in the supermarket. Then we will meet back at the gate.” Excited, the children scattered (四散) and rushed into the supermarket.
Melissa smiled. She looked at her own note and put it back into her pocket. Well, the Melissa smiled. She looked at her own note and put it back into her pocket. Well, the children's shining faces were the most precious Christmas gift for her, weren't they Sitting in the car, she waiting patiently, imagining what gifts the kids would choose. She couldn't wait to share their joy.
Two hours later, the kids came back one by one. Tom and Tick rushed to their mother, eyes twinkling with excitement. They showed their gifts to Melissa and jumped with joy. The third child, Ginger, was obviously left behind, who dragged her feet to the car. To everyone's surprise, Ginger was empty-handed. Melissa said nothing, asked the kids to get into the car and headed home:
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Driving home, everyone was talking about their gifts in high spirits except the youngest daughter, Ginger.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“We have so much, but the homeless man doesn't have anything,” Ginger explained.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023—2024学年高一下学期期中测试卷
英语
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In today’s classroom, homework is completed not only with the pen and paper, but also with computers and cell phones. How to make the best use of such digital products is an important question for teachers and students. The following top digital portfolio platforms（作品集平台）offer a broad range of functions. Most importantly, they provide a way to share students’ work with pride.
Google Sites
Creating a digital portfolio could not be any easier than Google Sites makes it. It lets students quickly put in contents, such as text, images, videos, maps, and much more. Use one of the provided six themes or create a custom one, and then publish it as a public or restricted-view (限制浏览的）site.
Seesaw for Schools
Designed for education, Seesaw for Schools provides a platform through which students complete and share school projects. By recording the process of gradually improving their schoolwork, kids gain a sense of mastery（熟练）and pride, so it is popular among them. Plus, parents can be involved too — just download the Seesaw Family app.
Artsonia
Artsonia is like a dream come true for art-minded students: a free, safe, educational space through which students show their digital creativity. Friends and family can view, comment on and buy objects. Just celebrate the artistic skills with Artsonia!
Edublogs
One of the oldest and best-known web platforms for education, Edublogs makes it easy for teachers and students to start building a free WordPress platform. The free plan offers some storage space, class management tools, and no advertising. A set of educator guides and community participation is another big plus for Edublogs.
1. Which is true about Google Sites
A. It offers students online publishing rights for free.
B. It provides students seven themes.
C. It allows students to create contents in different forms.
D. It lets students learn from others’ work.
2. Which platform can help students trace their progress
A. Google. B. Seesaw for Schools. C. Artsonia. D. Edublogs.
3. Which of the following makes Edublogs different from other platforms
A. It is completely free of charge.
B. It is a platform for art-minded students.
C. It can store large amounts of information.
D. It provides the guidance from specialists.
【答案】1 C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为应用文。文章主要介绍了可以分享学生作业的几个数字投资组合平台。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Google Sites部分中的“It lets students quickly put in contents, such as text, images, videos, maps, and much more. (它允许学生快速输入内容，比如文本、图像、视频、地图等等。)”可知，Google Sites允许学生创建不同形式的内容。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Seesaw for Schools部分中的“By recording the process of gradually improving their schoolwork, kids gain a sense of mastery（熟练）and pride, so it is popular among them.(通过记录孩子们逐渐提高学习成绩的过程，他们获得了一种主人翁的感觉和自豪感，所以这很受他们欢迎。)”可知，Seesaw for Schools可以帮助学生追踪他们的进步，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Edublogs部分中的“One of the oldest and best-known web platforms for education, Edublogs makes it easy for teachers and students to start building a free WordPress platform...A set of educator guides and community participation is another big plus for Edublogs. (Edublog 是最古老、最著名的教育网络平台之一，它使教师和学生很容易开始构建一个免费的 WordPress 平台……一套教育者指南和社区参与是Edublog的另一大优势。)”可知，Edublogs提供专家的指导，这使得它不同于其他平台，故选D。
B
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico. I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.
While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.
I had three nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod (三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they were all over me-my arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak (高峰时期的) firefly presence lasts for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photos in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight—and I’d grown accustomed to insects on my face.
I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30- second exposure. You can track the insects’ paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
4. How did the author feel about the editor’s request
A. Nervous B. Delighted C. Confused D. Regretful
5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in paragraph 2
A. Relief B. Return C. Trend D. Victory
6. What did the author intend to do during the first two nights
A. Learn about the local travel rules.
B. Research the habit of the fireflies.
C. Communicate constantly with the guides.
D. Find the suitable spot and time to take photos.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To tell findings about fireflies. B. To share the story behind a photo.
C. To record a travelling experience. D. To show the author’s working conditions.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个专业摄影师，受一位编辑之托，前去拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道，介绍了他拍摄的一张关于萤火虫照片背后的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico. I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes.”“ I jumped at the chance to go back.”(一位编辑打电话来问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道。在我答应之前我没有查看我的日程安排。我迫不及待地抓住了这个机会。)可知，作者没有确认自己的行程就一口答应编辑的请求，由此推知，他很乐意、高兴、激动或者迫不及待地接受了这个请求。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans.Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. ”(现在，我在墨西哥边境做摄影记者，记录墨西哥人每天面临的绝望处境。)可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的危险状况，而这样的新闻反映不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机全，对作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod (三脚架) on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasts for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.”（为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一条陡峭、多岩石的小路上，在长时间曝光时必须使它保持稳定。据我观察，峰值萤火虫每晚只持续20分钟，所以我只有时间尝试几次。）根据第三段内容可知，前两个晚上作者主要做的是挑选合适的地点和时间拍摄照片。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段第一句“I was rewarded with the image you see here”（我得到了你们在这里看到的图像。）结合短文叙述了作者是一个专业摄影师，受一位编辑之托，前去拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道，介绍了他拍摄的一张关于萤火虫照片背的故事。可知，本篇文章的目的是向读者介绍作者拍摄的照片背后的故事，故选B项。
C
Many people, especially the elderly, suffer from abnormal sleep. In particular, the deep sleep phases become shorter and shallower with age.
Researchers have shown that the brain waves characterizing deep sleep, so-called slow waves, can be improved by playing precisely timed sounds through earphones while sleeping. While this works well in the laboratory under controlled conditions, there has been no at-home solution that can be used for a time longer than just one night.
As part of the SleepLoop project, researchers have developed a mobile system that can be used at home and aims to promote deep sleep through auditory(听觉的) brain stimulation.
The SleepLoop system consists of a headband that is put on at bedtime and worn throughout the night. This headband contains electrodes(电极) and a microchip that can constantly measure the brain activity of the sleeping person. As soon as the sleeping person shows slow waves in the brain activity, the system will set off a short auditory signal. This helps synchronize(使……同步) the neuronal cells and enhance the slow waves. What makes the solution unique is that the sleeping person is not consciously aware of this sound during deep sleep.
It’s the first time that the researchers, led by Caroline Lustenberger, have conducted a clinical study with this device. The study involved equipping participants, between 60 and 80 years old, with the SleepLoop system, which they were required to operate in their own homes. The system is designed to function independently even for users with little technical experience. “This worked very well. We had surprisingly little data loss and the participants rated the device as user-friendly,” says Lustenberger.
The participants wore the device every night for a total of four weeks. The results showed it was indeed possible to enhance the slow waves through auditory signals during deep sleep in most participants. However, individual differences were considerable, which can be used to better predict how a given individual will respond to the auditory stimulus. The company ToSoo AG is currently working on that so that it can be competitive once it comes onto the clinical market. It’s already clear that it’ll not be freely available, but only via a doctor’s prescription. “Use of the device must be medically indicated,” a researcher says.
8. What did researchers of the SleepLoop project try to work out
A. How to avoid deep sleep phases decreasing with age.
B. How to distinguish slow waves from other brain waves.
C. How to accurately create home sleep conditions in the laboratory.
D. How to continuously improve deep sleep by playing sounds at home.
9. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The working principle of the SleepLoop system.
B. The advantages of the Sleep Loop system.
C. The brain activity during deep sleep.
D. The features of brain waves.
10. What can we learn about the clinical study
A. It lasted longer than previous clinical studies.
B. It proves the new device is easy to operate.
C. It collected little data due to the participants’ advanced ages.
D. It required the participants to master basic technical knowledge.
11. What task will Tosoo AG tackle before making the device enter the clinical market
A. Attracting more investments.
B. Reducing the cost of the device.
C. Perfecting the device’s performance.
D. Getting medical officials’ permission.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员研发出了一个在家使用的移动系统，这能够通过听觉大脑刺激促进深度睡眠。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“While this works well in the laboratory under controlled conditions, there has been no at-home solution that can be used for a time longer than just one night.(虽然这在实验室的受控条件下效果良好，但还没有一种在家的解决方案可以使用超过一晚的时间。)”和第三段“As part of the SleepLoop project, researchers have developed a mobile system that can be used at home and aims to promote deep sleep through auditory(听觉的) brain stimulation.(作为SleepLoop项目的一部分，研究人员开发了一种可以在家使用的移动系统，旨在通过听觉大脑刺激促进深度睡眠。)”可推知，SleepLoop项目的研究人员试图解决如何通过在家播放声音来持续促进深度睡眠的问题。故选D。
【9题详解】
段落大意题。根据第四段中的“The SleepLoop system consists of a headband that is put on at bedtime and worn throughout the night. This headband contains electrodes(电极) and a microchip that can constantly measure the brain activity of the sleeping person. As soon as the sleeping person shows slow waves in the brain activity, the system will set off a short auditory signal. (SleepLoop系统包括一个头带，在睡觉时戴上并整夜佩戴。这个头带包含电极和微芯片，可以不断测量睡眠者的大脑活动。一旦睡着的人在大脑活动中表现出慢波，系统就会发出短暂的听觉信号。)”可知，本段介绍了SleepLoop系统里包含的电极和微芯片可以持续监测睡眠者的大脑活动，系统会在人睡着后大脑出现慢波时发出短暂的听觉信号，由此可推测出，本段主要讲述了SleepLoop系统的工作原理。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The study involved equipping participants, between 60 and 80 years old, with the SleepLoop system, which they were required to operate in their own homes. The system is designed to function independently even for users with little technical experience.(这项研究涉及为60岁至80岁的参与者配备SleepLoop系统，要求他们在自己家中操作该系统。该系统被设计为即使对于技术经验很少的用户也能独立操作。)”和“the participants rated the device as user-friendly”可知，在临床研究中，该系统可以让用户在没什么技术经验的情况下在家独立操作，参与者认为它对用户友好。由此可推测出，这款新系统容易操作。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, individual differences were considerable, which can be used to better predict how a given individual will respond to the auditory stimulus. The company ToSoo AG is currently working on that so that it can be competitive once it comes onto the clinical market.(然而，个体差异是相当大的，这可以用来更好地预测给定个体对听觉刺激的反应。ToSoo AG公司目前正在进行这项工作，以便在进入临床市场后具有竞争力。)”可知，ToSoo AG公司目前正在研究个体差异，以便提高该产品的市场竞争力，由此可推测出，在这款产品进入市场之前，该公司将完善该产品的性能。故选C。
D
Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water supplies.
Jennifer Brophy, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, is working on methods she hopes will be used to change commercial plant species so they can survive severe conditions. She is developing new genetic engineering techniques that can help plants grow in a variety of different conditions. By changing the genome (基因组) of both commercial crops and soil bacteria, she thinks it may be possible to help plants survive droughts.
To make plants respond to extreme climate, Brophy is building what she calls “genetic circuits (基因回路).” In addition to changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are activated (激活). If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein; if it senses another signal, it’ll express a different protein, kicking off an entirely separate chain of events. If both signals are there, the plant may be able to express something else entirely. “Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these different inputs,” she says.
Humans can learn from the weather forecast whether it’s going to be really hot or really dry in the next couple of weeks so that we can plan accordingly. “A plant doesn’t necessarily know what’s coming. It just knows if it’s hot or mild right now,” says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes unstable. A plant that usually flowers in spring may flower in winter if there are a few unseasonably warm days. When temperatures fall again, the flowers die and ruin a year of crops. “It’d be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, ‘hey, you should wait on that flowering,’” she adds.
Controlling plants’ growth at this level is an exciting prospect, but actually putting it into practice is along way off. At the moment, Brophy is testing the concept in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis, trying to figure out how to activate certain genes on command.
12. What problem are farmers faced with according to the text
A. The shortage of strong labour force.
B. The water pollution caused by factories.
C. The pressure of feeding a growing population.
D. The harmful effect of climate change on farming.
13. What is the expected advantage of “genetic circuits”
A Increasing farmland. B. Controlling plants’ growth.
C. Telling the weather in advance. D. Protecting plants from extreme weather.
14. What do we know about Brophy’s research
A. It is still in its early stages. B. It has been put into practice.
C. It has led to serious problems. D. It is funded by the government.
15. What’s the text mainly about
A. A scientific breakthrough in bioengineering.
B. A victorious battle against global warming.
C. A new type of plant resistant to heat waves.
D. A way to help crops survive severe conditions.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学助理教授Jennifer Brophy正在研究一种方法，她希望能够用这种方法改变植物的基因，以便能够帮助它们在恶劣的环境下生存。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water supplies.(大规模的热浪和干旱已经对农民构成了威胁。在接下来的30年里，由于水资源短缺，仅加州的圣华金山谷就可能失去多达53.5万英亩的农田。)”可知，农民们面临的问题是气候变化对农业的有害影响。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据Brophy说的话，第三段中的“Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these different inputs(使用基因回路，可以让植物以新的方式对所有不同的输入作出反应)”和第四段“It’d be great to be able to communicate with plants to tell them, ‘hey, you should wait on that flowering,’(如果能与植物交流，告诉它们，‘嘿，你应该等待开花)”可知，Brophy提出的“基因回路”力求能和植物交流，告诉它们应该等待开花时节。因此可推断，“基因回路”的预期作用是能够控制植物的生长。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Controlling plants’ growth at this level is an exciting prospect, but actually putting it into practice is a long way off. At the moment, Brophy is testing the concept in the lab using a small weedy plant called Arabidopsis,(将植物的生长控制在这个水平是一个令人兴奋的前景，但实际上要付诸实践还有很长的路要走。目前，Brophy正在实验室里用一种叫做拟南芥的小型杂草植物来测试这一概念。)可推断，Brophy的研究还处于早期阶段。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water supplies.(大规模的热浪和干旱已经对农民构成了威胁。在接下来的30年里，由于水资源短缺，仅加州的圣华金山谷就可能失去多达53.5万英亩的农田。)”和第二段中“Jennifer Brophy, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, is working on methods she hopes will be used to change commercial plant species so they can survive severe conditions. (斯坦福大学生物工程助理教授Jennifer Brophy正在开发新的基因工程技术，以帮助植物在恶劣环境中生存)”以及下文介绍的细节信息，可推断本文讲述了斯坦福大学助理教授Jennifer Brophy进行的一项研究，希望能够用这种方法改变植物的基因，以便能够帮助它们在恶劣的环境下生存。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studies have shown that walking among trees makes us relaxed. ___16___There’s plenty of research showing the link between being in nature and being happy, but most of the research has focused on adults.
___17___ Explaining the motivation behind the study, researchers note that with environmental issues such as global warming, more studies are focusing on the relationships between humans and nature to find solutions to these problems, and the future of the planet lies in the hands of children and their actions. However, few studies focus on this aspect.
For the study, researchers worked with 296 children between the ages of 9 and 12. To measure how connected they were to nature, the kids were asked how much they enjoy activities like seeing wildflowers and wild animals, hearing sounds of nature and touching animals and plants. ___18___They also found that the more concerned children were about the environment and nature, the more likely they were to be happy.
So exposure to nature is related to active behaviors and happiness of children. What does that mean to adults As we all know, children usually tend to follow adults’, especially their parents’ behaviors. That’s to say, when adults are outside and appreciate nature, kids learn by example. ___19___
Researchers say that children need role models who can gently guide them to nature with excitement and an attitude of a lifelong learner. ___20___ What’s more important is that they spend time together with children by exploring a fun and safe environment.
A. It’s so good going for a walk around trees.
B. Even just smelling the trees helps reduce anxiety.
C. And if parents enjoy being close to nature, so will their children.
D. Parents don’t have to be experts in environmental science or nature studies.
E. They found that the kids connected to nature were more likely to behave actively.
F. In a new study researchers wanted to see if kids get the same benefits from being outdoors.
G. Researchers will study more about the connection between children’s happiness and nature.
【答案】16. B 17. F 18. E 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者在文章中援引研究表明接近自然对孩子成长重要性。
【16题详解】
根据前句提到“研究表明，在树林中散步能使我们放松”可知，B项“即使只是闻一下树木的气味也有助于减轻焦虑”和前句构成递进关系。所以B项切题。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据后句提到“在解释这项研究背后的动机时，研究人员指出，随着全球变暖等环境问题的出现，越来越多的研究关注人类与自然之间的关系，以找到解决这些问题的办法，而地球的未来掌握在孩子和他们的行动手中。然而，这方面的研究很少。”可知，F项“在一项新的研究中，研究人员想看看孩子们是否能从户外活动中获得同样的好处”中提到的“In a new study”和后句的“Explaining the motivation behind the study”是同一个研究。同时后句提到的内容是前句提到研究的原因。所以F项切题。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据后句提到“他们还发现，孩子们越关心环境和自然，他们就越有可能快乐”可知，E项“他们发现，亲近自然的孩子更可能表现得积极”和前句都是研究的发现，两者之间表示并列关系。所以E项切题。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据划线前提到“也就是说，当成年人在户外欣赏大自然时，孩子们会学他们”可知，C选项“如果父母喜欢亲近大自然，他们的孩子也会喜欢”前后两句都在讲父母对孩子的影响，前后两句表示并列。所以C项切题。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据划线前提到“研究人员说，孩子们需要榜样，他们可以带着快乐和终身学习者的态度温和地引导他们进入大自然”和后句的“更重要的是，他们花时间和孩子们一起探索一个有趣和安全的环境”可知，D选项“父母不必是环境科学或自然研究方面的专家”此处起承上启下的作用。所以D项切题。故选D项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With the start of new school, most freshmen were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. ____21____, 15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Sergio was particularly concerned about ____22____ his classmates would think of him.
Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio’s engineering class, ____23____ out Sergio’s situation and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school. So he hoped to ____24____ this hands-on chance to help his students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand ____25____.
For the next four ____26____, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the ____27____. With access to online models and a 3D printer, they ____28____ created a robotic hand, which looked ____29____ and worked well.
Then came the final testing day. The whole class ____30____ in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Sergio carefully ____31____ the self -made robotic hand and caught hold of a ball with his arm ____32____ slightly. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his ____33____ hand!
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant ____34____ and various media competed to ____35____ the news. His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abs tract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly.
21. A. However B. Then C. Instead D. Therefore
22. A. how B. what C. who D. whether
23. A. carried B. watched C. figured D. looked
24. A. think highly of B. let go of C. keep track of D. take advantage of
25. A. failed B. worked C. continued D. appeared
26. A. decades B. hours C. weeks D. years
27. A. meeting B. exam C. project D. course
28. A. gradually B. slowly C. immediately D. eventually
29. A. different B. common C. energetic D. good
30. A. clapped B. gathered C. studied D. discussed
31. A. wore B. controlled C. touched D. connected
32. A. pulling B. waving C. holding D. trembling
33. A. left B. right C. only D. single
34. A. story B. joke C. hit D. spot
35. A. cover B. send C. fight D. interview
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一位名叫Jeff Wilkins的工程课老师帮助自己班上的学生Sergio，和学生们一起制作机械手的故事。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，15岁的Sergio Peralta却感到非常紧张，因为他的右手从出生以来就一直没有完全成形。A. However然而；B. Then然后；C. Instead代替；D. Therefore因此。根据前文“With the start of new school, most freshmen were excited to meet new classmates and teachers”与后文“15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born”可知，此处上下文构成转折关系，Sergio Peralta的紧张与大多数学生的兴奋形成对比，因此空格处是However。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：Sergio特别关心同学们对他的看法。A. how怎样；B. what什么；C. who谁；D. whether是否。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，根据后文“his classmates would think of him”可知，此处应用表示“什么”的疑问词what。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Sergio的工程课老师Jeff Wilkins了解了Sergio的情况，并决定为这位新生做点什么。A. carried (out)实施；B. watched (out)留心，注意；C. figured (out)理解，弄清；D. looked (out)当心。根据语境和后文“decided to do something for the new student”可知，此处表示Jeff Wilkins了解了Sergio的情况，应用短语figured (out)。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以他希望利用这个动手的机会，帮助他的学生更多地了解工程以及制造机械手的工作原理。A. think highly of高度评价；B. let go of放手；C. keep track of跟踪，记录；D. take advantage of利用。根据语境和后文“this hands-on chance”可知，此处表示利用这个动手的机会。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他希望利用这个动手的机会，帮助他的学生更多地了解工程以及制造机械手的工作原理。A. failed失败；B. worked工作；C. continued继续；D. appeared出现。根据语境和前文“how building a robotic hand”可知，此处表示制造机械手是如何工作的。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的四周里，Jeff和他的学生，包括Sergio，一起完成了这个项目。A. decades十年；B. hours小时；C. weeks星期；D. years年。根据常识和后文“With access to online models and a 3D printer, they ____8____ created a robotic hand, which looked ____9____ and worked well”可知，此处指他们制作机械手花费了四周时间。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的四周里，Jeff和他的学生，包括Sergio，一起完成了这个项目。A. meeting会议；B. exam考试；C. project项目；D. course课程。根据语境和后文“they ____8____ created a robotic hand”可知，此处指制作机械手这个项目。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过使用在线模型和3D打印机，他们最终制作了一只机械手，它看起来很好看，也能很好地工作。A. gradually逐渐地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. immediately立即地；D. eventually最终。根据后文“Then came the final testing day.”可知，此处指他们最终制作好了一只机械手。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过使用在线模型和3D打印机，他们最终创造了一只机械手，它看起来很好看，也能很好地工作。A. different不同的；B. common共同的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. good好的。根据语境和后文“and worked well”可知，此处指机械手既外观好看又能很好地工作。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班同学都聚集在科学教室里，屏息凝神地看着Sergio小心翼翼地戴上自制的机械手，用他微微颤抖的手臂抓住一个球。A. clapped拍；B. gathered聚集；C. studied学习；D. discussed讨论。根据语境和后文“in the science classroom, watching breathlessly”可知，此处指全班同学都聚集在科学教室里。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班同学都聚集在科学教室里，屏息凝神地看着Sergio小心翼翼地戴上自制的机械手，用他微微颤抖的手臂抓住一个球。A. wore穿，戴；B. controlled控制；C. touched触摸；D. connected连接。根据语境和后文“the self -made robotic hand and caught hold of a ball with his arm____12____ slightly”可知，此处指Sergio小心翼翼地戴上自制的机械手。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班同学都聚集在科学教室里，屏息凝神地看着Sergio小心翼翼地戴上自制的机械手，用他微微颤抖的手臂抓住一个球。A. pulling拉；B. waving挥手；C. holding抓住；D. trembling颤抖。根据常识和前文“the self-made robotic hand”可知，Sergio戴上自制的机械手，拿东西不稳，手会微微颤抖。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一生中从未想过用右手抓东西！A. left左边的；B. right右边的；C. only唯一的；D. single单个的。根据第一段“15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born”可知，他的右手从出生起就没有完全发育，此处指Sergio从未想过自己会用自己的右手抓住东西。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jeff和他的学生们迅速走红，各种媒体争相报道这一新闻。A. story故事；B. joke玩笑；C. hit很受欢迎的人（或事物）；D. spot地点。根据后文“and various media competed to ____15____ the news.”可知，此处指Jeff和他的学生们迅速走红。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeff和他的学生们迅速走红，各种媒体争相报道这一新闻。A. cover采访，报道；B. send发送；C. fight斗争，打架；D. interview采访。根据上文“various media”和后文“the news”可知，此处指报道这一新闻。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Human memory is unreliable. Even people with the ____36____ (sharp) facial recognition skills can only remember so much. However, machines aren’t limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it ____37____ (tell) to find-with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is ____38____ supports the facial-recognition software in the 21st century.
The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes ____39____ facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. ____40____ (figure) out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces and ____41____ (test) a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up (增长) in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people — and not just a large database ____42____ (feature) a relatively small number of different faces.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped (下降) across the board. Algorithms ____43____ were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database were accurate about 70% of the time when facing 1 million images. Machines also had difficulty ____44____ (adjust) for people who look a lot alike — either doppelgangers (相貌一样的人) ____45____ the same person who appeared at different ages.
【答案】36. sharpest
37. is told
38. what 39. to
40. To figure
41. tested 42. featuring
43. that##which
44. adjusting
45. or
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是机器在人脸识别中的优点和局限性。
【36题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意：即使拥有最敏锐的面部识别技能的人也只能记住这么多。空格处有the，结合句意“最敏锐的”可知空格处用形容词的最高级sharpest，故填sharpest。
【37题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：给一台合适的计算机一个庞大的人脸数据库，它就能处理它所看到的——然后识别出它被告知要找到的一张脸——速度和精度都非常惊人。it和tell之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语it是单数，因此空格处是is told，故填is told。
【38题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这种技能是21世纪面部识别软件的基础。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“这种技能是21世纪面部识别软件的基础”，空格处用what引导表语从句，故填what。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：问题是，在面部识别方面，机器仍然有局限性。when it comes to是固定短语，意为“就……而言，当说到，当提到”，因此空格处是to，故填to。
【40题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了弄清楚计算机是如何挣扎的，华盛顿大学的研究人员创建了一个庞大的面部数据库，并测试了各种面部识别算法，随着它们的复杂性不断增加。空格处用不定式作目的状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To figure。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：为了弄清楚计算机是如何挣扎的，华盛顿大学的研究人员创建了一个庞大的面部数据库，并测试了各种面部识别算法，随着它们的复杂性不断增加。and连接并列成分，由前面的created可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填tested。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的想法是在一个数据库上测试这些机器，这个数据库包含了近70万人的100万张不同的照片，而不仅仅是一个只有相对少量不同面孔的大数据库。that引导的限制性定语从句中谓语是included，空格处用非谓语动词，database和feature之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作后置定语，故填featuring。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在处理1.3万张图像的数据库时，准确率为95%的算法在处理100万张图像时准确率约为70%。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Algorithms是“算法”，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
【44题详解】
考查动名词。句意：机器也很难适应那些看起来很像的人——无论是相貌一样的人还是出现在不同的年龄的同一个人。have difficulty doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填adjusting。
【45题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：机器也很难适应那些看起来很像的人——无论是相貌一样的人还是出现在不同的年龄的同一个人。either...or...是固定搭配，意为“无论……还是……”，因此空格处是or，故填or。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是高中生李华，你校即将举办体育运动会。请写封邮件邀请你校的英国交换生Tom参加，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 欢迎他参加项目。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing that you are good at sports, I am writing to invite you to participate in the sports meeting to be held in our school on January 15th, next Friday. As scheduled, we will hold it in the newly-built gymnasium.
Two hundred students will take part in a variety of sports events, including not only the traditional events like running races, but also some interesting group events. You can sign up for any sport event if you like. I’m sure you’ll find it exciting and educational. When necessary, contact me at any time for further information.
Best wishes.
Yours sinlerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件邀请本校的英国交换生Tom参加即将举行的校运动会。
【详解】1.词汇积累
擅长：be good at→ do well in
参加：participate in →join in
各种： a variety of→ various
相信：be sure→ have the confidence/belief
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：You can sign up for any sport event if you like.
拓展句：You can sign up for any sport event you’re interested in.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are good at sports, I am writing to invite you to participate in the sports meeting to be held in our school on January 15th, next Friday.（运用了现在分词作状语，不定式作状语和后置定语）
【高分句型2】When necessary, contact me at any time for further information.（使用了状语从句的省略）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Melissa was a single parent of three small children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always tight and she had to work hard to make ends meet. But they still felt blessed with a roof over their heads, food on the plate, clothes on their backs, and even if not a lot, always enough. Not knowing they were poor, the kids just thought their mother was strict in money management. Melissa was really glad about that.
Christmas was just around the corner. Although there wasn't budget for a lot of gifts, Melissa planned to please the kids with a family party. She prepared weeks ahead of time, asking one by one what the kids wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, Melissa managed to spare $ 80 dollars for the whole family to enjoy the fun of Christmas shopping.
The big day arrived. Mellissa drove the kids to a nearby Walmart and gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill. “Now, my children,” she announced, “you have two hours to pick a gift in the supermarket. Then we will meet back at the gate.” Excited, the children scattered (四散) and rushed into the supermarket.
Melissa smiled. She looked at her own note and put it back into her pocket. Well, the Melissa smiled. She looked at her own note and put it back into her pocket. Well, the children's shining faces were the most precious Christmas gift for her, weren't they Sitting in the car, she waiting patiently, imagining what gifts the kids would choose. She couldn't wait to share their joy.
Two hours later, the kids came back one by one. Tom and Tick rushed to their mother, eyes twinkling with excitement. They showed their gifts to Melissa and jumped with joy. The third child, Ginger, was obviously left behind, who dragged her feet to the car. To everyone's surprise, Ginger was empty-handed. Melissa said nothing, asked the kids to get into the car and headed home:
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Driving home, everyone was talking about their gifts in high spirits except the youngest daughter, Ginger.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“We have so much, but the homeless man doesn't have anything,” Ginger explained.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
Driving home, everyone was talking about their gifts in high spirits except the youngest daughter, Ginger. Feeling puzzled, Melissa asked what she had bought for Christmas. “Nothing.” Ginger whispered, lowering her head. Other kids stopped talking and turned to Ginger. “Are you kidding Did you lose your money ” They stared at the little girl, their faces lighting up with surprise. Ginger shook her head and said that she gave the bill to a man who was begging outside the supermarket. The man in rags was standing in cold weather. There was no doubt that he was homeless and had a hard time.
“We have so much, but the homeless man doesn't have anything,” Ginger explained. “I am willing to share my happiness with him. I hope he can buy warm clothes or treat himself to a good dinner.” She added, with eyes shining with excitement. Hearing her daughters' words, Melissa felt a sense of pride swept through her. “What you did is right, Ginger. You are such a kind child that we are proud of you,” she said. Arriving home, they had a small party and the other kids offered to share their gifts with Ginger. It was the special experience that made the kids realize sharing is important.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位单亲妈妈梅丽莎在圣诞节带三个孩子去购物，小女儿金吉尔没有给自己准备礼物，而是选择把钱给了超市门前的一位乞丐的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在开车回家的路上，除了最小的女儿金吉尔，每个人都兴高采烈地谈论着他们的礼物。”可知，第一段可描写家人们询问金吉尔买了什么礼物。
②由第二段首句内容““我们有这么多，但无家可归人什么都没有，”金吉尔解释说。”可知，第二段可描写金吉尔解释为什么自己把钱给了超市门外乞讨的人。
2.续写线索：询问金吉尔买了什么礼物——告知没有买，把钱送给了乞讨的人——解释原因——为她感到骄傲
3.词汇激活
行为类
①主动做某事：offer to do /make an offer to do /be willing to do
②注视：stare at /gaze at /look at
③到家：arrive home / reach home / get home
情绪类
①困惑的：puzzled / confused
②为……感到自豪：be proud of/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Ginger shook her head and said that she gave the bill to a man who was begging outside the supermarket.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及who引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. There was no doubt that he was homeless and had a hard time.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）
