课件35张PPT。Unit 8 It must belong to Carla.Section B 2a-2eGuessing gameWhat do you think these pictures are? B: I agree. But it could also
be a map of islands.A: It might be a man riding a horse.RevisionA: It might be a vase.B: I agree. But it could also be two girls’ faces. A: It might be an old woman
looking down.B: I agree. But it could also be a young woman looking away.A: It might be a frog.B: I agree. But it could also be a head of a horse. A: It might be an old woman.B: I agree. But it could also be a beautiful girl. A: It might be an
angel.B: I agree. But it
could also be a
devil. Match each linking word or phrase
with its purpose.Linking word or phrasePurpose of linking word or phrasesoas, because, sincebut, however, thoughnot only … but alsoorwhen, whileexpressing a differencegiving a choiceexpressing a resultexpressing two things happening at the same timegiving reasonsadding information2aexpress
at the same time
circle
Britain
mystery
receive
historian
leader
midsummer
medical表达
同时
圆圈
大不列颠
奥秘
接待
历史学家
领导
仲夏
医疗的
purpose
prevent
energy
position
burial
honor
ancestor
victory
enemy
period目的
阻止
力量
位置
埋葬
尊重；荣誉
祖先
胜利
敌人
一段时间
SkimmingDo you know the name of this place?
Where is Stonehenge?
Who built Stonehenge?Stonehenge Read the article below and underline the linking words or phrases. Do you think you have made correct matches in 2a? Stonehenge -- Can
Anyone Explain Why It Is There?2b连词是一种连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接作用。not only … but also, but, as,
however, because,
while, but, or,
because, but, but
Read the article again and answer the Qs.How many people visit Stonehenge every year?
Who is Paul Stocker?
Do people think it hard to build Stonehenge? Why?More than 750,000 visitors.He is a historian.Yes, because the stones are so big and heavy.Fast readingTask 1Read Para. 1 and answer the questions.Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most of famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.Q: How many visitors does Stone receive every year?
Why do people go to Stonehenge in June?Careful readingFor many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods. However, historian Paul Stoker thinks this can’t be true because Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago. “ The leaders arrived in England much later, ” he points out.Task 2Read Para. 2 and finish the form.a templethis can’t be trueAnother popular idea is that Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar. The large stones were put together in a certain way. On midsummer’s morning, the sun shines directly into the center of the stones. Other people believe the stones have a medical purpose. They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy. “ As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body, ” said one visitor. No one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, but most might be a burial place or a place to honor ancestors. Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.Task 3Read Para. 3 and finish the sentences.Stonehenge might be ___________________.
Other people believe the stones have ________________________________.
The position of the stones must be for _________________. Some think it might be _______________ or a place to ______________. Others think it was built to ________________________________________ a kind of calendar.the stones have a medical purposea special purposea burial place honor ancestorscelebrate a victory over an enemyStonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it must be almost 5,000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy. In 2001, a group of English volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, but they couldn’t. “ We don’t really know who built Stonehenge, ” says Paul Stoker. “ And perhaps we might never know, but we do know they must have been hard-working – and great planners! ”Task 4Read Para. 4 and answer the questions.Q: How old is Stonehenge believed to be?
What is one of the greatest mysteries of Stonehenge? Why?湘潭市二中Read the article again and complete the chart.How it was built?Historians believed that it might have been used for communicating with the gods.Stonehenge might be used as a kind of calendar.Other people believe it might have a medical purpose.Some think it might be a burial place or a place to honor ancestor.Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.与神灵沟通墓地纪念先祖医疗的 adj.2c1. a temple: communicating with the gods 3. have a medical purpose: can prevent illness and keep people healthy2. a kind of
calendarWhat Stonehenge
might have been used for4. A burial place or a place to honor ancestors5. to celebrate a victory over an enemy Complete the sentences using the words from the chart in 2a on page 62.Midsummer’s morning is in June ________
a lot of people go to Stonehenge during this month.
2. The sun shines straight into the center of Stonehenge ____________ the stones were put in a special position.sobecause2d3. Some people think the rocks can _______ stop people becoming ill _________ can keep them healthy.
4. We don’t know who built Stonehenge __________ how it was built.
5. Historians think Stonehenge was built about 5,000 years ago; _________ are not sure. not onlyorhoweverbut also2eCan you think of any other mysteries, either in China or another part of the world, that are similar to Stonehenge? What do you know about these mysteries? What is mysterious about them? Discuss them with your group.Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角洲 所谓百慕大三角，即指北起百慕大，西到美
国佛罗里达洲的迈阿密，南至波多黎各的一个三
角形海域。在这片面积达400,000平方英里的海面
上，从1945年开始数以百计的飞机和船只，在这
里神秘地失踪。当然，这些失踪事件不包括那些
机械故障、政治绑架和海匪打劫等，因为这些本
不属于那种神秘失踪的范畴。
由于事件叠出，人们赋予这片海域以“魔鬼
三角”,“恶运海”,“魔海”、“海轮的墓地等浑号。这些浑号反过来又烘托了这里特有的神秘而怖恐的气氛。现在，百慕大三角已经成为那些神秘的、不可理解的各种失踪事件的代名词。巴别通天塔
? 巴比伦是一座神秘的古城，它位于幼发拉底河和底格里斯河的交汇处。玛雅文明
在玛雅人的编年史中，曾记载了地球9000万年至4 亿年间的事。斯堪的纳维亚半岛峡湾：
狮身人面守护者南斯拉夫境内：熟睡的猫加拿大与美国阿拉斯加交接处：
磅礴奔腾的巨大象龟中国阿尔泰山荒原通天石人之谜
? 被疑为人类对外星文明的记录。矗立在草原上的石人成为一种神秘主义的象征Skarabrae (斯卡拉布雷)It is a stone-built??
settlement. It is the best preserved groups of prehistoric houses in Western Europe. Older than?Stonehenge?and the?Great Pyramids, it has been called the "Scottish Pompeii" because of its excellent preservation. Buildings with Mysterious Origins 2014/11/1湘潭市二中意大利古城，应火山爆发而湮灭Newport tower
(纽波特塔)It is a round stone tower located in?Touro Park?in?Newport,?Rhode Island?(USA). It is commonly considered to have been?built in the mid-17th century. It is one of this country's longest enduring architectural enigmas (谜). Buildings with Mysterious Origins 2014/11/1湘潭市二中 不朽的Statues of Easter Island
(复活节岛巨石像)Easter Island is in the southern Pacific Ocean, 2,300 miles west of the coast of. Easter Island is only 15 miles long and 10 miles wide. It is covered with hundreds of giant statutes, each weighing several tons and some standing more than 30 feet tall. It has even been suggested that space aliens may have played a role regarding these giant statues. Buildings with Mysterious Origins 2014/11/1湘潭市二中Olmec colossal heads
(奥尔梅克巨型头像)Olmec colossal heads?
(1500 BC to 400 BC) were huge statues of heads made by the Olmecs, the earliest known civilization of Mexico. They are amongst the most mysterious and debated artifacts from the ancient world. Buildings with Mysterious Origins 2014/11/1湘潭市二中制造物巨石阵之谜
著名的巨石阵遗址现在位于英格兰南部沙利斯伯里。石阵的主体是由一根根巨大的石柱排列成几个完整的同心圆。石阵的外围是直径约90米的环形土岗和沟。
沟是在天然的石灰土壤里挖出来的，挖出的土方正好作为土岗的材料。紧靠土岗的内侧由56个等距离的坑构成又一个圆，坑用灰土填满，里面还夹杂着人类的骨灰。巨石阵最壮观的部分是石阵中心的砂岩阵。它是由30根石柱上架着横梁，彼此之间用榫头、榫根相联，形成一个封闭的圆阵。这个排列成马蹄形的巨石位于整个巨石阵的中心线上，马蹄形的开口正对着仲夏日出的方向。巨石阵的东北侧有一条通道，在通道的中轴线上竖立着一块完整的砂岩巨石，高4.9 米，重约35 吨，被称为“脚跟石”。每年冬至和夏至从巨石阵的中心远望“脚跟石”，日出隐没在“脚跟石”的背后，增添了巨石阵的神秘色彩。
巨石阵的平面图
从现在看来，巨石阵的建筑规模和工程难度对于早期人类来说，简直是不可思议的。它的建成比埃及最古老的金字塔还要早700年，然而究竟是谁建造了这雄伟的巨石阵，现在仍然众说纷纭。有人认为是当地早期居民凯尔特人建造的墓穴；也有人认为是古罗马人为天神希拉建造的圣殿；还有人认为是丹麦人建造用来举行祭典的地方。然而这些虚无缥缈的想象都没有确凿的证据。无数学者经年累月地找寻着巨石阵的建造者。学者们感叹巨石阵与埃及金字塔一样的神秘莫测。有人提出巨石阵的建筑石料均是从1 6 0 多千米外的地方运输而来的，开采、运输、吊装如此巨大的石块，除了具备高超技术的巨匠谁也不能。于是，他们认为巨石阵与金字塔可能出于同一位巨匠之手。
学者们甚至使用了当前最先进的仪器设备，考察巨石阵的奥秘。奇怪的是，他们发现巨石阵竟能发出超声波！古人在刀耕火种的时代怎么会知道超声波呢？有学者认为巨石阵是远古时代的天文观测仪器；也有学者认为巨石阵是原始人狩猎的特殊装置；更多的学者却说巨石阵纯粹就是古人举行祭祀的宗教场所；更有学者干脆把巨石阵视为一种文化，一种古人对巨石的崇仰与尊重。古人崇尚巨石般的坚毅威猛，向往巨石般的牢固与结实，巨石阵是古人对心中理想的完美垒砌。众说纷纭，无法有一种权威的推断。几百年来，人们陷入了对巨石阵不断探索的苦苦追求之中。
巨石阵的用途
生产技术低下的古代人，费尽辛苦垒起这么一座“石头城”究竟想干什么？这个令人困惑不解的问题引起考古学家和每年数十万来自世界各地的旅游者们的注意。
几个世纪以来，没有人知道巨石阵的真正用途，也没有人知道是谁建造了巨石阵，而古老的传说和人们的种种推测，让巨石阵更增加了神秘的氛围。
许多年以来，巨石阵吸引了众多的人们对它进行考察，人们对这座巨石阵的用途做出了种种猜测。一些人通过考古发掘，发现土堤内侧有多处墓穴，便据此推测它是古代部落酋长的坟墓。而出土的大量兽骨残骸则被怀凝是祭陵用的牺牲品。于是有人判断，巨石阵是祭祖用的祭祀场所。还有结论认为这是一座古代天文台。牛津大学的霍金斯教授通过仔细观察和严密的计算认为通过巨石阵石环和土环的结构关系，可以精确了解太阳和月亮的12个方位，并观测和推算日月星辰在不同季节的起落，所以，这应当是一座古天文台。
真正大规模的考察发掘是在20世纪后期。1980年——1984年，英国考古学者巨石柱遗址进行了发掘考察，通过现代科学技术手段，证明巨石阵始建于公元前3100年。距今已逾5000年，当时，这里有绵亘的森林，维塞克斯的原始部落就在这里繁衍生息。因此，学者们认为，这里是不列颠岛的人类文明发祥地。而正是这一灿烂的维塞克斯文明，推动了英伦三岛的进步。公元5世纪的盎格鲁撒克逊王国就是在这一带建立的，这个王国在公元9世纪统一了全英格兰。
迄今发现的巨石阵共有人工琢凿过的巨石130多块。这些巨石也引起了许多推测。人们曾经认为这些巨石中的蓝砂岩石采自威尔士南部的普雷斯塞利山脉，这些蓝砂岩块被放在木筏上由水运而来。但也有地质学家认为，巨石阵的石头种类繁多，也许是由冰川活动把它们从更遥远的地方带到附近，然后被建筑者采集来用做材料的。如果这种推测属实，那么也许那个时候的人们把这些不明来历的巨石纯粹作为具有神力的东西来崇拜，把它们树立起来并不是为了建筑(天文台、宇宙）的目的，或者，它们可能是一些原始的祭拜对象。
在漫长的年代里，巨石阵犹如强劲的磁铁，一直吸引着人们的目光。许多人更愿意相信，这是远古祖先有意留给后人的一个巨大谜题。
