英 语 试 题
注意事项：本试卷满分为150分，时量为120分钟
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you fancy seeing some sights that aren’t heaving with other visitors You might have to travel a bit off the beaten path while you’re in Italy. We’ll take you through four of the best hidden gems that you can find in the country.
Chioggia, Venetian Lagoon
Arranged across five islands, Chioggia is enchantingly spliced by beautiful canals. The adjoined town of Sottomarina throws in a six-mile sandy beach. Further south are more beaches plus empty riversides lovely for cycling—which, unlike Venice, one can also do in Chioggia.
San Nicolò dei Mendicoli, Venice
San Nicolò dei Mendicoli church was a key filming location in the 1963 film Don’t Look Now. “Mendicoli” is translated as “beggars” in Venetian language; this area once housed poor fishermen and the church used to shelter the homeless. Beyond set-jetting (电影主题旅游), further incentive to visit is provided by some superb Renaissance ceiling frescos and the celebrated Resurrection of Christ oil painting.
Borromini’s Perspective Rome
There’s a beguiling reason to visit this impressive Centro Storico palace. On its first floor, find a peaceful orange tree courtyard and look down the colonnaded (柱廊式的) gallery whose distant statue of Mars is about 35 metres away. In fact, the passage is actually only eight metres long, and its god of war merely 60 centimetres high. Not that you’ll believe it until stepping forward.
Santa Maria Novella Pharmacy, Florence
In Florence, visiting one particular apothecary (药商) is a must, partly because the Santa Maria Novella is thought to be the world’s oldest pharmacy. Today, while admission to the neighbouring, tremendous Basilica (大教堂) costs ?7.50, pharmacy entry is free. Friendly staff will guide you through handmade soaps, lotions, potpourri (精油) and fragrances made according to centuries-old recipes.
21. Which is Not the reason to visit San Nicolò dei Mendicoli church
A. Shelter the homeless B. Watch a religious oil painting
C. Appreciate ceiling frescos D. Experience set-jetting
22. What can travellers do in Florence
A. Learn centuries-old recipes B. Visit the world’s oldest church
C. Explore an impressive palace D. Buy handmade soaps and lotions
23. What do the four senic spots share in common
A. They all recommend church-visiting. B. Their beauty are under-explored.
C. Travellers can visit some historic buildings. D. They are well-known among people.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍意大利四个小众旅游景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““Mendicoli” is translated as “beggars” in Venetian language; this area once housed poor fishermen and the church used to shelter the homeless. (Mendicoli在威尼斯语中被翻译为“乞丐”；这个地区曾经是贫穷渔民的住所，教堂过去常常为无家可归者提供庇护)”可知，这里曾经是贫穷者的聚居地，这不是来此地旅游的理由。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Friendly staff will guide you through handmade soaps, lotions, potpourri (精油) and fragrances made according to centuries-old recipes. (友好的员工将引导您了解根据几个世纪以来的古老配方手工制作的肥皂、乳液、精油和香水)”可知，游客可以在这里购买手工肥皂、乳液，故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“You might have to travel a bit off the beaten path while you’re in Italy. We’ll take you through four of the best hidden gems that you can find in the country. (在意大利旅行时，你可能需要走一些不那么热门的路线。我们将带您领略该国四个最佳的隐藏宝藏)”得知，这四个景点都是小众旅游景点，仍有待探索。故选B项。
B
British humour has deep roots dating back to medieval times when jesters entertained royal courts with their witty antics. Over the centuries, it evolved from slapstick comedy to the satirical genius of writers like Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wilde. The British love for wordplay and absurdity found its voice in the works of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear.
British humour is as diverse as a pub menu, but certain characteristics underpin its charm. The British have a habit for self-mockery, and the ability to laugh at oneself is a hallmark of British wit. Sarcasm and irony are close friends, and understatement often delivers the funniest punchlines.
Puns, wordplay and the absurd are common tools in the humour arsenal. Whether it's making fun at the weather or revelling in the delights of innuendo, English humour is all about embracing the sudden twists and oddities of life.
English humour boasts a rich tradition of comedic brilliance, and one of its shining stars is PG Wodehouse. Within the literary realm, Wodehouse’s work, particularly the misadventures of Bertie Wooster and his unflappable valet Jeeves, showcases a brand of humour that has delighted readers for generations.
Visiting Britain Prepare to be pleasantly confused. English humour can be disarming, especially if you are not used to the art of sarcasm and the subtlety of understatement. But it is all in good fun. Engage in friendly conversations with locals, try your hand at some humour and don't be afraid to enjoy a healthy dose of irony. You might just find yourself laughing over a pint with newfound friends.
24. Where did British humor originate from
A. Slapstick comedy B. A pub menu
C. Medieval stories D. The works of famous writers
25. What’s the characteristic of British humor
A. Laughing at others B. Criticism against friends
C. Self-mockery D. Praising oneself
26. Which statement may a British most probably make during rainy days
A. No cross, no crown. B. It never rains but pours.
C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. The sun always comes out after the rain and cloud.
27. What can we learn from the text
A. Irony is always welcomed in British humor.
B. British humor excludes the sudden twists and oddities of life.
C. PG Wodehouse has depicted many serious figures in his works.
D. Understanding sarcasm and understatement is key to enjoying British humor.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了英式幽默的历史和特征。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“British humour has deep roots dating back to medieval times when jesters entertained royal courts with their witty antics. Over the centuries, it evolved from slapstick comedy to the satirical genius of writers like Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wilde.(英国幽默有着深厚的渊源，可以追溯到中世纪，当时小丑用他们滑稽的动作娱乐皇家宫廷。几个世纪以来，它从闹剧喜剧演变成像乔纳森·斯威夫特和奥斯卡·王尔德等作家的讽刺天才)”可知，英式幽默源于中世纪宫廷打闹喜剧，故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The British have a habit for self-mockery, and the ability to laugh at oneself is a hallmark of British wit.(英国人有着自嘲的习惯，自嘲的能力是英国人智慧的标志)” 可知，英式幽默的特点就是自嘲，故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Sarcasm and irony are close friends, and understatement often delivers the funniest punchlines.(讽刺和反讽是亲密的朋友，轻描淡写往往会带来有趣的笑点)”可知，英式幽默包含很多讽刺、反讽和低调的陈述，B项“It never rains but pours.(不雨则已，一雨倾盆)”带有讽刺意味，故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“British humour has deep roots dating back to medieval times when jesters entertained royal courts with their witty antics. Over the centuries, it evolved from slapstick comedy to the satirical genius of writers like Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wilde.(英国幽默有着深厚的渊源，可以追溯到中世纪，当时小丑用他们滑稽的动作娱乐皇家宫廷。几个世纪以来，它从闹剧喜剧演变成像乔纳森·斯威夫特和奥斯卡·王尔德等作家的讽刺天才)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍英式幽默的历史、特征，以及如何欣赏英式幽默的乐趣，理解和低调是欣赏英式幽默的关键，故选D。
C
Women interpret emojis differently to men, research suggests. Scientists say this is because these small digital pictographs can be ambiguous and be perceived differently by different people. The researchers surveyed 523 adults (49% men and 51% women) to review 24 different emojis. Each emoji — taken from Apple, Windows and WeChat platforms — represented one of the six emotional states labelled by the team: happy, disgusted, fearful, sad, surprised, and angry.
They found women were able to more accurately interpret happy, fearful, sad and angry emoji labels compared to men. No gender differences were observed for surprised or disgusted emoji, the team said. Dr. Ruth Filik, associate professor in the School of Psychology at The University of Nottingham, said: “What I found most interesting and surprising is that there are so many individual differences in how people interpret these emojis.”
“It is important to note that the results reflect how often participants labelled the emoji in the same way as the researchers. So, we should think of the results in terms of there being differences across people in how they interpret emojis, rather than some people being better at it than others. We should keep these differences in mind when using emojis in our messages.”
The researchers said that stylised images of faces expressing different emotions can add both nuance as well as potential ambiguity to messages sent via texts, emails or even social media. To understand more about how emojis are interpreted, the team recruited 270 people from the UK and 253 from China, who were aged between 18 to 84 years old.
Each emoji was assigned an emotion label by the researchers, which they say may not correspond exactly with the emoji as used in real life. In addition to gender, the team also found age to play a role in how emoji are interpreted, with younger adults faring better than the older ones in matching the emoji with their assigned labels. The researchers say ambiguity of emojis is worth further research, “especially when communicating across gender, age, or cultures”.
28. Why are emojis interpreted differently according to paragraph 1
A. Emojis are taken from different platforms.
B. People’s perception on emojis may vary differently.
C. Varied emotional states are labelled to an emoji by itself.
D. The number of women involved in the study is more than that of men.
29. Which statement would Dr. Ruth Filik most likely agree with
A. Women are better at interpreting emojis than men.
B. The meaning of the emojis should be defined by researchers.
C. We should pay attention to individual differences in interpretation when using emojis.
D. Those interpreted the emojis in the same way as the researchers have done correctly.
30. What does the word “nuance” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Difference. B. Similarity. C. Familiarity. D. Details.
31. What’s the author’s purpose in introducing the study
A. To introduce an interesting phenomenon of online chatting.
B. To show that different emojis have different meanings.
C. To prove that ambiguity of emojis is determined by one’s gender, age and culture.
D. To remind people to pay special attention to the ambiguity of emojis.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究发现，表情符号的理解存在性别差异，年龄差异，而这些发现有助于更深入地理解表情符号的歧义性。研究人员表示，表情符号的歧义性值得进一步研究，尤其是在跨性别、年龄或文化交流时。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists say this is because these small digital pictographs can be ambiguous and be perceived differently by different people.(科学家说，这是因为这些小的数字象形文字可能是模棱两可的，不同的人会有不同的感知。)”可知，表情符号可能是模棱两可的，不同的人会有不同的感知。因此可知，人们对表情符号的看法可能会有所不同，从而导致表情符号有不同的解释。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Dr. Ruth Filik的话“So, we should think of the results in terms of there being differences across people in how they interpret emojis, rather than some people being better at it than others. We should keep these differences in mind when using emojis in our messages.(所以，我们应该从人们对表情符号的理解存在差异的角度来看待研究结果，而不是有些人比其他人更擅长。当我们在信息中使用表情符号时，我们应该记住这些差异。)”可知，在面对表情符号解读偏差时，我们应该考虑到每个人解读的方式不同，同时在使用时记住这些个体差异。因此可推知，他最有可能赞同C项“We should pay attention to individual differences in interpretation when using emojis.(在使用表情符号时，我们应该注意解释上的个体差异。)”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。分析语境可知，该词“nuance”所在句“The researchers said that stylised images of faces expressing different emotions can add both nuance as well as potential ambiguity to messages sent via texts, emails or even social media.(研究人员表示，通过短信、电子邮件甚至社交媒体发送的信息中，表达不同情绪的人脸风格化图像会增加nuance和潜在的歧义。)”实为文章篇章中的过渡句，起到承前启后的作用，结合potential ambiguity (潜在的歧义)，且“nuance”呼应第二段核心内容“What I found most interesting and surprising is that there are so many individual differences in how people interpret these emojis.(我发现最有趣和令人惊讶的是，人们在解释这些表情符号时存在如此多的个体差异。)”，即“differences”。 因此推测“nuance”的含义为“差异，差别”。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的最后一段末尾内容“The researchers say ambiguity of emojis is worth further research, ‘especially when communicating across gender, age, or cultures’.(研究人员表示，表情符号的歧义性值得进一步研究，“尤其是在跨性别、年龄或文化交流时”。)”再次强调了表情符号的个体差异，其歧义性值得研究，即，文章的核心内容为“表情符号的理解存在性别差异，年龄差异，以及歧义性”，由此可推知，作者通过这个研究话题想要提醒人们在交流时特别注意表情符号的歧义性。故选D项。
D
Late last month a team of researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine transplanted a genetically modified pig heart into a person — the second such surgery ever attempted — and it has kept him alive for the past few weeks.
The patient, 58-year-old Lawrence Faucette, underwent the highly experimental procedure under a “compassionate use” pathway, in which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits an unapproved therapy when a person is seriously ill or dying and has no other options available. Faucette was not eligible for a conventional human heart transplant because he had peripheral vascular disease and other complications, which narrowed the outlook for success.
By mid-October, Faucette was continuing to recover. “He’s had a rough time,” however, Bartley Griffith, a surgeon who performed Faucette’s procedure as well as the previous one, said at that time. According to Griffith, Faucette was living at home when the FDA first approved the surgery, but he was subsequently hospitalized with fluid in his lungs. Then he suffered a cardiac arrest the night before the surgery. Still, he had so far responded well to the transplant.
More than 100,000 people are waiting for an organ transplant, so researchers have long been exploring xenotransplantation (异种器官移植): transplanting other species’ organs into humans. To prevent the human immune system from attacking these alien organs, scientists have begun to breed genetically modified donor pigs that lack certain genes or have other genes added.
In the past couple of years, pig xenotransplants have been tested in both nonhuman primates and deceased humans — but the ultimate goal is to conduct human clinical trials on a bigger scale. The results of the recent compassionate use transplant will likely influence the FDA’s consideration of whether and when to allow such trials to take place. Many researchers hope this could happen in the next year or two.
“We took a pretty good swing at the ball the first time, and we got very close to a prolonged success, we think,” Griffith says. Although there were some unforeseen circumstances in that first xenotransplant, his team and others have developed better methods to test for these conditions.
32. Why did Faucette undergo the pig-to-human heart transplant
A. Because he was seriously ill and there was no better options.
B. Because the pig heart fits well in human body.
C. Because FDA has long approved such transplant.
D. Because the surgery has been applied in medical treatment already.
33. What do we know about the transplant according to paragraph 3
A. Faucette highly praises the surgery.
B. Faucette responds well to the alien organ.
C. Faucette has suffered a lot after the transplant.
D. Faucette experienced cardic arrest after the surgery.
34. What method was put forward to prevent human immune system from attacking the alien organs
A. The FDA is taking great care on human clinical trials.
B. The patients will receive the best of care after the transplant.
C. The human immune system is greatly changed before the transplant.
D. Scientists modified the donor pig’s genes or added other genes before breeding it.
35. What’s scientists’ attitudes towards pig xenotrasplants
A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲的是研究人员将转基因猪心脏移植到一个人体内，这是第二次尝试这样的手术。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits an unapproved therapy when a person is seriously ill or dying and has no other options available.(美国食品和药物管理局允许未经批准的治疗，当一个人身患重病或濒临死亡，没有其他选择。)”以及“Faucette was not eligible for a conventional human heart transplant because he had peripheral vascular disease and other complications, which narrowed the outlook for success.(由于Faucette患有外周血管疾病和其他并发症，他不适合进行传统的人类心脏移植手术，这缩小了成功的可能性。)”可知，Faucette是因为病情严重且无更好的选择，才选择异种器官移植手术。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Still, he had so far responded well to the transplant.(不过，到目前为止，他对移植反应良好。)”可知，Faucette对异种器官移植的反应良好。故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“To prevent the human immune system from attacking these alien organs, scientists have begun to breed genetically modified donor pigs that lack certain genes or have other genes added.(为了防止人类的免疫系统攻击这些外来器官，科学家们已经开始培育出缺乏某些基因或添加了其他基因的转基因供体猪。)”可知，为了阻止人体免疫系统对异种器官的排斥反应，科学家们已经在培育前修改了转基因供体猪的基因或添加了其他基因。故选D项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“Many researchers hope this could happen in the next year or two.(许多研究人员希望这能在未来一两年内发生。)”可知，科学家们对转基因供体猪的态度是支持的。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Between balancing professional obligations with personal responsibilities and getting through the everyday tasks that keep you alive, your brain can get more than a little overwhelmed. Thankfully, it has a strategy to stay afloat: relying on heuristics (启发).
Heuristics are those little mental shortcuts that all of us use to solve problems and make quick, efficient judgment calls. They help cut down on your decision-making time and help you move from one task to the other without having to stop too long to plan your next step. ___36___ they can also lead to trouble causing us to miss important facts or develop unfair biases. Here are two of the big ones:
The Availability Heuristic
This heuristic comes into play any time you make a judgment about something based on your memories of related instances or available information that’s specific to that scenario. If you’re pressed for time and have to make a quick decision, it may help you quickly arrive at a conclusion. ___37___. For example, when asked about the probability of plane crashes, homicides and shark attacks, people tend to overestimate the odds of each just because these events are so memorable — that’s this heuristic at play. ___38___. If all you see in your feed is pictures of people partying in Ibiza, you’re likely to assume you’re the only one not having the time of your life. But that may not be true — you’re just jumping to that conclusion based on the evidence that’s available.
___39___
When you categorize objects based on how similar they are to existing prototypes (样机), you’re applying such kind of heuristic. For example, if you assume a potential dating app suitor (求婚者) would make a better accountant than a CEO because he describes himself as “quiet”, you’re using the representative heuristic. If you presume another guy is more likely a massage therapist than a software engineer because he says he’s into essential oils and yoga, ___40___.
A. The Authority Heuristic
B. The Representative Heuristic
C. In other cases, it can lead you away from the facts
D. It may also be responsible for social media’s negative effect on your mood
E. While heuristics are essential for freeing up your limited cognitive resources
F. you’re probably not seeing as many boring photo ops from other people’s couches
G. you’re making that assumption because those qualities sound more representative of the former than the latter
【答案】36. E 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会心理学领域两种不同的启发，以及它们是如何影响人类观念和生活的。
【36题详解】
前文提到“They help cut down on your decision-making time and help you move from one task to the other without having to stop too long to plan your next step.”（它们有助于减少你的决策时间，帮助你从一个任务转移到另一个任务，而不必停下来太长时间来计划下一步。），后文提到“they can also lead to trouble causing us to miss important facts or develop unfair biases.”（但它们也可能导致我们错过重要事实或产生不公平的偏见。）可知，空前提到的是启发式的一些好处，空后则提到了启发式也有可能导致人的决策出错，前后句子为转折关系，空处应使用表示转折关系的句子。E项“While heuristics are essential for freeing up your limited cognitive resources”（虽然启发式对释放有限的认知资源至关重要）该项表达了转折含义，符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。
【37题详解】
前文提到“If you’re pressed for time and have to make a quick decision, it may help you quickly arrive at a conclusion.”（如果你时间紧迫，必须快速做出决定，它可能会帮助你快速得出结论。），后文提到“For example, when asked about the probability of plane crashes, homicides and shark attacks, people tend to overestimate the odds of each just because these events are so memorable — that’s this heuristic at play.”（例如，当被问及飞机失事、谋杀和鲨鱼袭击的概率时，人们往往会高估这些事件的概率，因为这些事件是如此令人难忘——这就是启发式的作用。），由此判断，有的时候，启发式会让人对于事实的判断并不准确，产生先入为主或者高估某一个事实的情况。C项“In other cases, it can lead you away from the facts.”（在其他情况下，它可能会让你偏离事实。）该项提到在某一些情况下，启发式会让人的判断出现偏差，该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。
【38题详解】
该段提到了启发式的作用，后文提到“If all you see in your feed is pictures of people partying in Ibiza, you’re likely to assume you’re the only one not having the time of your life.”（如果你在你的动态中看到的都是人们在伊比沙岛聚会的照片，你可能会认为你是唯一一个没有享受生活的人。）由此判断，如果一个人在社交媒体上看到别人聚会的照片，则很有可能认为自己是唯一一个没有享受生活的人，这个也是启发式带给人判断的偏差，后文中提到的是社交媒体对于人的影响。D项“It may also be responsible for social media’s negative effect on your mood.”（它也可能是社交媒体对你情绪的负面影响的原因。）该项提到了社交媒体有可能是对于人负面情绪影响的原因。该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
【39题详解】
后文提到“When you categorize objects based on how similar they are to existing prototypes (样机), you’re applying such kind of heuristic.”（当你根据对象与现有原型的相似程度对它们进行分类时，你就是在应用这种启发式方法。）以及后文“For example, if you assume a potential dating app suitor (求婚者) would make a better accountant than a CEO because he describes himself as “quiet”, you’re using the representative heuristic.”（例如，如果你假设一个潜在的约会应用追求者比首席执行官更适合做会计师，因为他自称“安静”，那么你就是在使用代表性启发式。）中出现的例子可知，该段提到的是启发式的具体表现。B项“The Representative Heuristic”（代表性启发式）该小标题概括了后文中的内容，起到引出后文内容的作用。故选B。
【40题详解】
前文提到“For example, if you assume a potential dating app suitor (求婚者) would make a better accountant than a CEO because he describes himself as “quiet”, you’re using the representative heuristic. If you presume another guy is more likely a massage therapist than a software engineer because he says he’s into essential oils and yoga”（例如，如果你假设一个潜在的约会应用追求者比首席执行官更适合做会计师，因为他自称“安静”，那么你就是在使用代表性启发式。如果你认为另一个人更像按摩治疗师，而不是软件工程师，因为他说他喜欢精油和瑜伽。）由此判断，这两个例子都提到了对于一个人的分类可能会因为别人呈现出不同的喜好或者品质而先入为主。G项“you’re making that assumption because those qualities sound more representative of the former than the latter”（你这么做是因为这些品质听起来更像是前者的代表，而不是后者。）该项提到会因为人的一些品质而认为某人应该从事某种职业，该项起到总结上文的作用。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my___41___and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___42___to piece the the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work – a car. By the age of nine, I had ___43___my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm.
This early creation sparked my drive for further ___44___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___45___things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___46___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without.
As the years passed, my ___47___evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both___48___in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father___49___asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.”
It would be a ___50___task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___51___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧). Days ___52___into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose.
I rushed to the boy’s home and ___53___the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___54___them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations, born out of mere ___55___, would someday make such a difference.
41. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability
42. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled
43. A. equipped B. fashioned C. decorated D. upgraded
44. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration
45. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up
46. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy
47. A. passions B. creations C. thoughts D. inspirations
48. A. arms B. legs C. hands D. fingers
49. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly
50. A. frustrating B. promising C. challenging D. embarrassing
51. A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. took on
52. A. grew B. followed C. turned D. developed
53. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck
54. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop
55. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者天生患有波兰综合症，这种疾病阻碍了他的右臂和肌肉的形成，家长让他用乐高积木制作帮助自己加强灵活性。作者为有需要的男孩制造假肢，没想到自己出于乐趣的创作，有一天会产生如此大的影响。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。我的父母认为玩乐高可以提高我的灵活性，并在我五岁的时候送给我第一个乐高玩具。A. stability稳定性；B. mobility移动；C. flexibility灵活性；D. reliability依赖性。根据“I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者天生右臂肌肉不灵活，玩乐高可以提高灵活性。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我努力把这些部件拼在一起，但最后我制作了我的第一件乐高作品——一辆汽车。A. learned学习；B. attempted尝试；C. managed设法；D. struggled努力。根据“a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者一开始拼乐高很费力。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：9岁时，我用乐高制作了我的第一个义肢——一个简单的盒子，完美地容纳了我的右臂。A. equipped配备；B. fashioned制作；C. decorated装饰；D. upgraded升级。根据“using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm.”可知，作者用手工制作了一个义肢。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个早期的创作激发了我进一步探索的动力。A. effort努力；B. investment投资；C. application应用；D. exploration探索。根据“I developed another prosthetic arm”可知，作者进一步探索制作义肢。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：几年后，我开发了另一种义肢，叫做MK-1，它有手指、马达、压力传感器和一个能抓取东西的抓取器。A. picking up拿起；B. setting up建立；C. pulling up拔起；D. rolling up卷起。根据“which had fingers”可知，手指可以抓起东西。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在建造它之前，我反对传统的义肢，因为它们太贵了。A. unstable不稳定的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. inconvenient不方便的；D. clumsy笨拙的。根据“only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price.”可知，父母考虑过买房，但由于价格过高而气馁。所以，作者得出结论，不需要一个昂贵的义肢。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着岁月流逝，我的创作从MK-1发展到更先进和舒适的MK-V。A. passions热情；B. creations创作；C. thoughts想法；D. inspirations 灵感。根据“I developed another prosthetic arm ”以及“Never had I imagined that my creations”可知，作者自己创作义肢。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，一对夫妇带着他们在一次事故中失去了双臂的八岁儿子，在得知我的故事后找到了我。A. arms胳膊；B. legs腿；C. hands手；D. fingers手指。根据“we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son..”可知，这对夫妇的儿子在一次事故中失去了双臂。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们买不起功能良好的义肢。“丹尼尔，”父亲恳切地问，“我们想知道你是否能帮我们的儿子做一套义肢。”A. gratefully感激地；B. desperately绝望地； C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. earnestly恳切地。根据“Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics.”可知，这对夫妇支付不起儿子义肢，恳切问作者能不能帮着做一套。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是一项具有挑战性的任务，但我的回答是“是”。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. promising有前途的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据“we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.”可知，用手工制作义肢是有挑战的。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我毫不迟延地着手这项任务。A. embarked on开始；B. set off出发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. took on呈现。根据“The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧).”可知，作者开始做义肢。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天过去了，几周过去了，男孩定制的假肢终于成型了。A. grew成长；B. followed跟着；C. turned转身；D. developed发展。根据“and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape”可知，几天变成几周过去了，turn into变成。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到男孩的家里，把义肢固定在他身上。A. secured安全；B. placed放置；C. guaranteed确定；D. stuck卡住。根据“ It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose.”可知，作者把义肢固定在那个男孩身上。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩表达了他的感激之情，然后冲向父母，给他们一个大大的拥抱。A. encounter遇到；B. engrave雕刻；C. engage参与；D. envelop覆盖。根据“The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to.”可知，男孩开心给父母一个拥抱。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有想到，我的创作，仅仅是出于乐趣，有一天会产生如此大的影响。A. awe敬畏；B. dedication奉献；C. fun乐趣；D. boredom无聊。根据“This early creation sparked my drive for further”可知，作者用手工制作义肢一开始是个乐趣。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题: 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a specially designed theater in Hangzhou, New Dragon Gate Inn is brought to life by a Shaoxing Opera performer, Chen Lijun, an actress who rises to fame recently.
Adapted from the 1992 classic martial arts film of the same name, the presentation successfully ___56___ (capture) the interest of a younger audience by blending traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts since its release.
Upon leaving the theater, these audience members feel a sense of satisfaction that prompts them to willingly share short clips of the performance online. Initially, most of the audience ___57___ (be) regular opera lovers. But gradually, more ___58___ (traditional) theatergoers, many of them young people, began attending with the special love for this traditional show and Chen Lijun.
Born in a modest family in Zhejiang Province, she showed talent and interest in performing arts. At ___59___ tender age of eight, she was crazy about Shaoxing opera, and that marked the beginning of her lifelong passion for this traditional art form. ___60___ (help) achieve her potential, her parents enrolled her in local opera school, ___61___ she received rigorous training under the guidance of skilled teachers.
___62___ her undeniable talent, Chen encountered numerous roadblocks along her journey. Traditional Chinese opera, Shaoxing opera ___63___ (include), has faced a decline in ___64___ (popular) in recent years. As a result, Chen also had to confront the challenge of revitalizing interest in the art form. ____65____ (luck), her hard work eventually paid off, winning her numerous awards. Her success tells us that success is not simply handed to us; it is something we must strive for day after day with unwavering determination.
【答案】56. has captured##has been capturing
57. were 58. nontraditional
59. the 60. To help
61. where 62. Despite
63 included
64. popularity
65. Luckily
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是《新龙门客栈》贾廷的扮演者陈丽君对中国传统戏剧的热爱以及个人成长的故事。
【56题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：该演出改编自1992年的经典同名武侠片，自上映以来，通过将中国传统戏剧与现代戏剧模式和戏剧概念相结合，成功地吸引了年轻观众的兴趣。空处应填谓语动词，由时间状语since its release可知，谓语动词capture应用现在完成时，表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可用现在完成进行时，表示过去动作持续到现在而且还将继续持续下去，主语为the presentation，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，故填has captured/has been capturing。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：最初，大多数观众都是普通戏剧爱好者。空处应填谓语动词，由时间状语Initially可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语为most of the audience，所以应填were，故填were。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但渐渐地，越来越多的非传统戏迷，其中许多是年轻人，开始带着对这个传统节目和陈丽君的特殊热爱来观看。空处应填形容词形式，作定语，修饰名词theatergoers，由空前的regular opera lovers. But gradually可知此处指那些非普通戏剧爱好者，即“非传统的戏迷”，所以应用traditional的反义词nontraditional“非传统的”，故填nontraditional。
【59题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在八岁这样的年幼时期，她就对越剧着迷，这标志着她对这一传统艺术形式的终身热爱的开始。表示“在某人几岁时”应用at the age of，故填the。
【60题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了发挥她的潜力，她的父母为她报名了当地的戏剧学校，在那里她在有经验的老师的指导下接受了严格的训练。由句意空处应填不定式的形式，作目的状语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填To help。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句关系副词。句意：为了发挥她的潜力，她的父母为她报名了当地的戏剧学校，在那里她在有经验的老师的指导下接受了严格的训练。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为local opera school，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【62题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管她的才华无可否认，但她在职业生涯中遇到了许多障碍。由句意及空后的her undeniable talent可知此处应填介词despite，意为“尽管”，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Despite。
【63题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：近年来，包括越剧在内的中国传统戏剧的受欢迎程度有所下降。句子谓语为has faced，所以空处应填非谓语动词，Shaoxing opera与include之间为被动关系，include应用过去分词形式表示被动，故填included。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：近年来，包括越剧在内的中国传统戏剧的受欢迎程度有所下降。由句意及空前的has faced a decline in可知应填名词形式popularity，作宾语，故填popularity。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意：幸运地是，她的努力最终得到了回报，赢得了无数奖项。空处应填副词luckily，作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Luckily。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假如你是李华。你的美国朋友Jordan对大学的专业和未来的职业选择感到迷茫，写信询问你的大学专业选择意向。请你给她回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你决定选择的大学专业以及原因；2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 请按规定格式作答。
Dear Jordan,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jordan,
Hearing that you have trouble choosing your major in college and deciding on your future career, I’m writing with utter sincerity to share with you my personal experience and some advice.
Interest is the best teacher. I clearly remember I have developed a keen interest in biology since junior middle school. Not only am I curious to understand the secret to ecological balance in nature but I also get hooked by exploring the growth of rare wildlife. Therefore, personally I will choose biology as my major in college. So my suggestion is that you should think over with caution and take your interest and talent into serious account when choosing your major in college and deciding on your future career.
I do hope my suggestion can be of some benefit and help you walk out of the dilemma.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就大学专业选择意向给Jordan回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice/ suggestion→tip
记得：remember→keep in mind
有益：be of some benefit→beneficial
因此：therefore→hence
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I clearly remember I have developed a keen interest in biology since junior middle school.
拓展句：I clearly remember I have developed a keen interest in biology since I was in junior middle school.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that you have trouble choosing your major in college and deciding on your future career, I’m writing with utter sincerity to share with you my personal experience and some advice. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] So my suggestion is that you should think over with caution and take your interest and talent into serious account when choosing your major in college and deciding on your future career. (运用了状语从句的省略)
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Beavis was a rescue cat who came to our family from a broken home. At the time, I remember thinking that his attitude just might have been responsible for the break. His first three days in our house were spent under a bed hissing (发出威胁的嘶嘶声) and spitting at anyone brave enough to approach him. Even the non-threatening offer of food or water provoked an aggressive response.
Eventually, after a number of weeks and a lot of patience, Beavis deigned (屈尊) to be in the same room as other family members, as long as he was given his space and wasn't approached directly.
His first visit to the vet was a nightmare. The poor man had to wear a thick leather apron and industrial-grade gloves before giving Beavis a routine examination. After the visit, the vet wrote in his notes that Beavis was a “very difficult” animal to deal with. At least he didn't ask us to change vets.
It was my bright idea to get him some companionship. Drawing on my “vast experience” as a cat person, I thought the cure for his antisocial behaviour would be some cat company. The second mistake I made was in encouraging my daughter and her friend to be the ones to choose a barn kitten from a local farmer. As it turned out, they couldn't decide which one to pick, so they compromised by choosing two kittens.
It turned out that Beavis didn't need cat company, but rather came into his own as a kitten bully. The little guys were threatened at every turn. We had gone from a one-catastrophe family to three. Beavis was unable to share food or even toilet facilities with the kittens. We spent more time keeping them apart than watching them interact. It looked as though we were destined to suffer long-term cat problems.
One day, Beavis was strutting (趾高气扬地走) his stuff through a particularly well-fitting door in our basement.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
He was not quite through when the door closed sharply on his tail.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
From then on, I lost a fierce cat and gained “a soft ball of fur”.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He was not quite through when the door closed sharply on his tail. He let out a bone-chilling cry and took off to the farthest part of the house. We managed to corner him and rushed him off to the vet. The vet performed emergency surgery on him. Every day, I visited, feeding Beavis nutritious food and treats, hoping he would regain strength. Under my meticulous care, Beavis recovered faster than expected and was allowed to go home. When I picked him up, Beavis was no longer aggressive. He walked straight over to me, nuzzling and licking my hand in gratitude.
From then on, I lost a fierce cat and gained “a soft ball of fur”. His nature changed completely. Now he interacted well with all the family. He was a reformed cat. Whenever I watched television, he would sit at my feet and purr loudly. I will never be sure whether it was the shock of the tail incident or my meticulous care that changed his attitude. Happily, with his new outlook, he was with us for many years.
【解析】
【导语】本文以一只被救助的猫 Beavis 为线索展开，讲述了它来到作者家后的一系列表现，包括最初的敌对、看兽医时的困难以及有了同伴后的欺负行为等。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当门猛地夹住他的尾巴时，他还没有完全通过。”可知，可描写 Beavis 受伤后的情况以及作者对它的照顾。
②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，我失去了一只凶猛的猫，得到了“一个柔软的毛球”。”可知，可描写 Beavis 性格的转变以及和作者一家相处的变化。
2.续写线索：尾巴被夹——送医——照顾——康复——性格转变——和谐相处
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲向：rush to/dash to
②照顾：care for/tend to
③转变：change/transform
情绪类
①细致的：meticulous/careful
②高兴地：happily/cheerfully
【点睛】[高分句型1].Every day, I visited, feeding Beavis nutritious food and treats, hoping he would regain strength.（使用现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. I will never be sure whether it was the shock of the tail incident or my meticulous care that changed his attitude.（使用了连接代词whether连接的宾语从句、强调句结构，被强调部分为主语“the shock of the tail incident or my meticulous care”）英 语 试 题
注意事项：本试卷满分为150分，时量为120分钟
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you fancy seeing some sights that aren’t heaving with other visitors You might have to travel a bit off the beaten path while you’re in Italy. We’ll take you through four of the best hidden gems that you can find in the country.
Chioggia, Venetian Lagoon
Arranged across five islands, Chioggia is enchantingly spliced by beautiful canals. The adjoined town of Sottomarina throws in a six-mile sandy beach. Further south are more beaches plus empty riversides lovely for cycling—which, unlike Venice, one can also do in Chioggia.
San Nicolò dei Mendicoli, Venice
San Nicolò dei Mendicoli church was a key filming location in the 1963 film Don’t Look Now. “Mendicoli” is translated as “beggars” in Venetian language; this area once housed poor fishermen and the church used to shelter the homeless. Beyond set-jetting (电影主题旅游), further incentive to visit is provided by some superb Renaissance ceiling frescos and the celebrated Resurrection of Christ oil painting.
Borromini’s Perspective, Rome
There’s a beguiling reason to visit this impressive Centro Storico palace. On its first floor, find a peaceful orange tree courtyard and look down the colonnaded (柱廊式的) gallery whose distant statue of Mars is about 35 metres away. In fact, the passage is actually only eight metres long, and its god of war merely 60 centimetres high. Not that you’ll believe it until stepping forward.
Santa Maria Novella Pharmacy, Florence
In Florence, visiting one particular apothecary (药商) is a must, partly because the Santa Maria Novella is thought to be the world’s oldest pharmacy. Today, while admission to the neighbouring, tremendous Basilica (大教堂) costs ?7.50, pharmacy entry is free. Friendly staff will guide you through handmade soaps, lotions, potpourri (精油) and fragrances made according to centuries-old recipes.
21. Which is Not the reason to visit San Nicolò dei Mendicoli church
A. Shelter the homeless B. Watch a religious oil painting
C. Appreciate ceiling frescos D. Experience set-jetting
22. What can travellers do in Florence
A. Learn centuries-old recipes B. Visit the world’s oldest church
C. Explore an impressive palace D. Buy handmade soaps and lotions
23. What do the four senic spots share in common
A. They all recommend church-visiting. B. Their beauty are under-explored.
C. Travellers can visit some historic buildings. D. They are well-known among people.
B
British humour has deep roots dating back to medieval times when jesters entertained royal courts with their witty antics. Over the centuries, it evolved from slapstick comedy to the satirical genius of writers like Jonathan Swift and Oscar Wilde. The British love for wordplay and absurdity found its voice in the works of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear.
British humour is as diverse as a pub menu, but certain characteristics underpin its charm. The British have a habit for self-mockery, and the ability to laugh at oneself is a hallmark of British wit. Sarcasm and irony are close friends, and understatement often delivers the funniest punchlines.
Puns, wordplay and the absurd are common tools in the humour arsenal. Whether it's making fun at the weather or revelling in the delights of innuendo, English humour is all about embracing the sudden twists and oddities of life.
English humour boasts a rich tradition of comedic brilliance, and one of its shining stars is PG Wodehouse. Within the literary realm, Wodehouse’s work, particularly the misadventures of Bertie Wooster and his unflappable valet Jeeves, showcases a brand of humour that has delighted readers for generations.
Visiting Britain Prepare to be pleasantly confused. English humour can be disarming, especially if you are not used to the art of sarcasm and the subtlety of understatement. But it is all in good fun. Engage in friendly conversations with locals, try your hand at some humour and don't be afraid to enjoy a healthy dose of irony. You might just find yourself laughing over a pint with newfound friends.
24. Where did British humor originate from
A. Slapstick comedy B. A pub menu
C. Medieval stories D. The works of famous writers
25. What’s the characteristic of British humor
A. Laughing at others B. Criticism against friends
C. Self-mockery D. Praising oneself
26. Which statement may a British most probably make during rainy days
A. No cross, no crown. B. It never rains but pours.
C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. The sun always comes out after the rain and cloud.
27. What can we learn from the text
A. Irony is always welcomed in British humor.
B. British humor excludes the sudden twists and oddities of life.
C. PG Wodehouse has depicted many serious figures in his works.
D. Understanding sarcasm and understatement is key to enjoying British humor.
C
Women interpret emojis differently to men, research suggests. Scientists say this is because these small digital pictographs can be ambiguous and be perceived differently by different people. The researchers surveyed 523 adults (49% men and 51% women) to review 24 different emojis. Each emoji — taken from Apple, Windows and WeChat platforms — represented one of the six emotional states labelled by the team: happy, disgusted, fearful, sad, surprised, and angry.
They found women were able to more accurately interpret happy, fearful, sad and angry emoji labels compared to men. No gender differences were observed for surprised or disgusted emoji, the team said. Dr. Ruth Filik, associate professor in the School of Psychology at The University of Nottingham, said: “What I found most interesting and surprising is that there are so many individual differences in how people interpret these emojis.”
“It is important to note that the results reflect how often participants labelled the emoji in the same way as the researchers. So, we should think of the results in terms of there being differences across people in how they interpret emojis, rather than some people being better at it than others. We should keep these differences in mind when using emojis in our messages.”
The researchers said that stylised images of faces expressing different emotions can add both nuance as well as potential ambiguity to messages sent via texts, emails or even social media. To understand more about how emojis are interpreted, the team recruited 270 people from the UK and 253 from China, who were aged between 18 to 84 years old.
Each emoji was assigned an emotion label by the researchers, which they say may not correspond exactly with the emoji as used in real life. In addition to gender, the team also found age to play a role in how emoji are interpreted, with younger adults faring better than the older ones in matching the emoji with their assigned labels. The researchers say ambiguity of emojis is worth further research, “especially when communicating across gender, age, or cultures”.
28. Why are emojis interpreted differently according to paragraph 1
A. Emojis are taken from different platforms.
B. People’s perception on emojis may vary differently.
C. Varied emotional states are labelled to an emoji by itself.
D. The number of women involved in the study is more than that of men.
29. Which statement would Dr. Ruth Filik most likely agree with
A. Women are better at interpreting emojis than men.
B. The meaning of the emojis should be defined by researchers.
C. We should pay attention to individual differences in interpretation when using emojis.
D. Those interpreted the emojis in the same way as the researchers have done correctly.
30. What does the word “nuance” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Difference. B. Similarity. C. Familiarity. D. Details.
31. What’s the author’s purpose in introducing the study
A. To introduce an interesting phenomenon of online chatting.
B. To show that different emojis have different meanings.
C. To prove that ambiguity of emojis is determined by one’s gender, age and culture.
D. To remind people to pay special attention to the ambiguity of emojis.
D
Late last month a team of researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine transplanted a genetically modified pig heart into a person — the second such surgery ever attempted — and it has kept him alive for the past few weeks.
The patient, 58-year-old Lawrence Faucette, underwent the highly experimental procedure under a “compassionate use” pathway, in which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits an unapproved therapy when a person is seriously ill or dying and has no other options available. Faucette was not eligible for a conventional human heart transplant because he had peripheral vascular disease and other complications, which narrowed the outlook for success.
By mid-October, Faucette was continuing to recover. “He’s had a rough time,” however, Bartley Griffith, a surgeon who performed Faucette’s procedure as well as the previous one, said at that time. According to Griffith, Faucette was living at home when the FDA first approved the surgery, but he was subsequently hospitalized with fluid in his lungs. Then he suffered a cardiac arrest the night before the surgery. Still, he had so far responded well to the transplant.
More than 100,000 people are waiting for an organ transplant, so researchers have long been exploring xenotransplantation (异种器官移植): transplanting other species’ organs into humans. To prevent the human immune system from attacking these alien organs, scientists have begun to breed genetically modified donor pigs that lack certain genes or have other genes added.
In the past couple of years, pig xenotransplants have been tested in both nonhuman primates and deceased humans — but the ultimate goal is to conduct human clinical trials on a bigger scale. The results of the recent compassionate use transplant will likely influence the FDA’s consideration of whether and when to allow such trials to take place. Many researchers hope this could happen in the next year or two.
“We took a pretty good swing at the ball the first time, and we got very close to a prolonged success, we think,” Griffith says. Although there were some unforeseen circumstances in that first xenotransplant, his team and others have developed better methods to test for these conditions.
32. Why did Faucette undergo the pig-to-human heart transplant
A. Because he was seriously ill and there was no better options.
B. Because the pig heart fits well in human body.
C. Because FDA has long approved such transplant.
D Because the surgery has been applied in medical treatment already.
33. What do we know about the transplant according to paragraph 3
A. Faucette highly praises the surgery.
B. Faucette responds well to the alien organ.
C. Faucette has suffered a lot after the transplant.
D Faucette experienced cardic arrest after the surgery.
34. What method was put forward to prevent human immune system from attacking the alien organs
A. The FDA is taking great care on human clinical trials.
B. The patients will receive the best of care after the transplant.
C. The human immune system is greatly changed before the transplant.
D. Scientists modified the donor pig’s genes or added other genes before breeding it.
35. What’s scientists’ attitudes towards pig xenotrasplants
A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Between balancing professional obligations with personal responsibilities and getting through the everyday tasks that keep you alive, your brain can get more than a little overwhelmed. Thankfully, it has a strategy to stay afloat: relying on heuristics (启发).
Heuristics are those little mental shortcuts that all of us use to solve problems and make quick, efficient judgment calls. They help cut down on your decision-making time and help you move from one task to the other without having to stop too long to plan your next step. ___36___ they can also lead to trouble causing us to miss important facts or develop unfair biases. Here are two of the big ones:
The Availability Heuristic
This heuristic comes into play any time you make a judgment about something based on your memories of related instances or available information that’s specific to that scenario. If you’re pressed for time and have to make a quick decision, it may help you quickly arrive at a conclusion. ___37___. For example, when asked about the probability of plane crashes, homicides and shark attacks, people tend to overestimate the odds of each just because these events are so memorable — that’s this heuristic at play. ___38___. If all you see in your feed is pictures of people partying in Ibiza, you’re likely to assume you’re the only one not having the time of your life. But that may not be true — you’re just jumping to that conclusion based on the evidence that’s available.
___39___
When you categorize objects based on how similar they are to existing prototypes (样机), you’re applying such kind of heuristic. For example, if you assume a potential dating app suitor (求婚者) would make a better accountant than a CEO because he describes himself as “quiet”, you’re using the representative heuristic. If you presume another guy is more likely a massage therapist than a software engineer because he says he’s into essential oils and yoga, ___40___.
A. The Authority Heuristic
B. The Representative Heuristic
C. In other cases, it can lead you away from the facts
D. It may also be responsible for social media’s negative effect on your mood
E. While heuristics are essential for freeing up your limited cognitive resources
F. you’re probably not seeing as many boring photo ops from other people’s couches
G. you’re making that assumption because those qualities sound more representative of the former than the latter
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my___41___and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___42___to piece the the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work – a car. By the age of nine, I had ___43___my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm.
This early creation sparked my drive for further ___44___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___45___things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___46___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without.
As the years passed, my ___47___evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both___48___in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father___49___asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.”
It would be a ___50___task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___51___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧). Days ___52___into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose.
I rushed to the boy’s home and ___53___the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___54___them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations, born out of mere ___55___, would someday make such a difference.
41. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability
42. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled
43. A. equipped B. fashioned C. decorated D. upgraded
44. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration
45. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up
46. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy
47. A. passions B. creations C. thoughts D. inspirations
48. A. arms B. legs C. hands D. fingers
49. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly
50. A. frustrating B. promising C. challenging D. embarrassing
51. A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. took on
52. A. grew B. followed C. turned D. developed
53. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck
54. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop
55. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom
第二节 (共10小题: 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a specially designed theater in Hangzhou, New Dragon Gate Inn is brought to life by a Shaoxing Opera performer, Chen Lijun, an actress who rises to fame recently.
Adapted from the 1992 classic martial arts film of the same name, the presentation successfully ___56___ (capture) the interest of a younger audience by blending traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts since its release.
Upon leaving the theater, these audience members feel a sense of satisfaction that prompts them to willingly share short clips of the performance online. Initially, most of the audience ___57___ (be) regular opera lovers. But gradually, more ___58___ (traditional) theatergoers, many of them young people, began attending with the special love for this traditional show and Chen Lijun.
Born in a modest family in Zhejiang Province, she showed talent and interest in performing arts. At ___59___ tender age of eight, she was crazy about Shaoxing opera, and that marked the beginning of her lifelong passion for this traditional art form. ___60___ (help) achieve her potential, her parents enrolled her in local opera school, ___61___ she received rigorous training under the guidance of skilled teachers.
___62___ her undeniable talent, Chen encountered numerous roadblocks along her journey. Traditional Chinese opera, Shaoxing opera ___63___ (include), has faced a decline in ___64___ (popular) in recent years. As a result, Chen also had to confront the challenge of revitalizing interest in the art form. ____65____ (luck), her hard work eventually paid off, winning her numerous awards. Her success tells us that success is not simply handed to us; it is something we must strive for day after day with unwavering determination.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假如你是李华。你的美国朋友Jordan对大学的专业和未来的职业选择感到迷茫，写信询问你的大学专业选择意向。请你给她回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你决定选择的大学专业以及原因；2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 请按规定格式作答。
Dear Jordan,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Beavis was a rescue cat who came to our family from a broken home. At the time, I remember thinking that his attitude just might have been responsible for the break. His first three days in our house were spent under a bed hissing (发出威胁嘶嘶声) and spitting at anyone brave enough to approach him. Even the non-threatening offer of food or water provoked an aggressive response.
Eventually, after a number of weeks and a lot of patience, Beavis deigned (屈尊) to be in the same room as other family members, as long as he was given his space and wasn't approached directly.
His first visit to the vet was a nightmare. The poor man had to wear a thick leather apron and industrial-grade gloves before giving Beavis a routine examination. After the visit, the vet wrote in his notes that Beavis was a “very difficult” animal to deal with. At least he didn't ask us to change vets.
It was my bright idea to get him some companionship. Drawing on my “vast experience” as a cat person, I thought the cure for his antisocial behaviour would be some cat company. The second mistake I made was in encouraging my daughter and her friend to be the ones to choose a barn kitten from a local farmer. As it turned out, they couldn't decide which one to pick, so they compromised by choosing two kittens.
It turned out that Beavis didn't need cat company, but rather came into his own as a kitten bully. The little guys were threatened at every turn. We had gone from a one-catastrophe family to three. Beavis was unable to share food or even toilet facilities with the kittens. We spent more time keeping them apart than watching them interact. It looked as though we were destined to suffer long-term cat problems.
One day, Beavis was strutting (趾高气扬地走) his stuff through a particularly well-fitting door in our basement.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
He was not quite through when the door closed sharply on his tail.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
From then on, I lost a fierce cat and gained “a soft ball of fur”.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
