2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习之完形填空 分词用法（原卷板+教师版）

2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习之完形填空+分词用法
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。
不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。
利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
[示例] When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways. Simply put: 32 power increases brain power.
...........
To understand why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did: What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t
........
Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry mental benefits.
32．A．Memory B．Fluency C．Literature D．Word
【答案】32．D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：词汇力量增加脑力。A. Memory记忆；B. Fluency流利程度；C. Literature文献，文学；D. Word单词。根据下文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry ___11____benefits.”可知此处强调的是词汇素养的力量。故选D项。
利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[示例]　For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and make 34 from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make associations, so does your brain, literally building new pathways between regions in all four lobes (脑叶) and both hemispheres. Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater 35 against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退) .
34．A．explorations B．connections C．equivalents D．judgments
35．A．appeal B．struggle C．defense D．warning
【答案】34．B 35．C
【解析】34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与浏览一页标题不同，阅读一本书会迫使你的大脑批判性地思考，并从一个章节到另一个章节，以及与外部世界建立联系。A. explorations探索；B. connections连接；C. equivalents等量；D. judgments判决。根据下文的“from one chapter to another, and to the outside world”可知大脑进行批判性思维让文章的章节和外界建立联系。故选B项。
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这些神经网络可以促进更快的思考，并可能对认知衰退的最坏影响提供更大的防护。A. appeal上诉，吸引；B. struggle斗争；C. defense防御；D. warning警告。根据下文的“against the worst effects of cognitive decay”可知思维敏捷有助于抵御认知衰退。故选C项。
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] ........What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike
skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and.......
36 , reading books, especially fiction, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. One 2013 study found that participants who read just the first part or chapter of a story showed a noticeable increase in empathy one week later, while 37 readers showed a decrease.
36．A．Consequently B．However C．Besides D．Instead
37．A．news B．regular C．mind D．occasional
【答案】36. C; 37. A
【解析】
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，阅读书籍，尤其是小说，已被证明能增加共鸣和情商。A. Consequently因此；B. However然而；C. Besides除了；D. Instead相反。根据前文的“For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage ‘deep reading’”以及上一段最后一句“Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater ________ against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退)”可知本段紧接着上一段，通过阅读在情感上的作用来说明阅读的好处，因此两段之间需要用表示递进的“besides”来连接。故选C项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2013年的一项研究发现，仅阅读故事第一部分或章节的参与者在一周后表现出明显的同理心增强，而7名新闻读者则表现出下降。A. news新闻；B. regular定时的，常客；C. mind头脑；D. occasional偶尔的。根据第二段的“What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t ”可知和上一段一样，本段依然还是在回答第二段第一句所提出的问题，因此本句还是关于读小说和读报纸杂志之间的区别。故选A项。
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
【解析】：B
【解析】副词Moreover类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意。
课堂练习 （2023·上海控江中学·高一校考期末）
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. For one class
period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones. Chavis told students not to 1 these notifications.
Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually 2 dozens of markings on the whiteboard. Chavis, who teaches honours-level classes, was 3 by the results of her experiment.
Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student 4 . The use of electronic devices is so 5 that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a “mental health tsunami (海啸)”.
Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase 6 for students. But research now 7 that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness.
Last year, an editorial in the journal Paediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might 8 the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of 9 , depression and anxiety.
Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. 10 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a Pew Research report. Nearly 60 percent of parents said they were 11 about the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health.
Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of 12 . Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help 13 students. Some schools have organized unplugged events — days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, 14 the control that technology has over their daily lives.
Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Deirdre Birmingham of New Jersey 15 a campaign called “Wait Until Eighteenth” because she didn’t think her video game-loving 10-year-old son was ready for a smartphone. The campaign involves groups of parents who have children in the same class. These parents agree not to let their children get phones until they are teenagers.
1．A．switch on B．respond to C．open up D．call at
2．A．interpreting B．comparing C．recording D．teaching
3．A．moved B．shocked C．delighted D．saddened
4．A．approval B．enrolment C．commitment D．anxiety
5．A．convenient B．unique C．attractive D．widespread
6．A．disorder B．stress C．confusion D．pain
7．A．suggests B．analyses C．recommends D．expresses
8．A．result from B．contribute to C．cut down D．push for
9．A．pride B．isolation C．guilt D．love
10．A．Yet B．Even C．Otherwise D．Thus
11．A．excited B．doubtful C．concerned D．warned
12．A．distress B．participation C．dropout D．crime
13．A．handle B．encourage C．calm D．inspire
14．A．restoring B．worsening C．causing D．showing
15．A．joined in B．stepped up C．went against D．appealed to
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查研究，研究表明社交媒体、电子设备对学生的心理健康的不良影响，引起家长的担忧。
1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Chavis告诉学生不要回复这些通知。A. switch on打开；B. respond to回应；C. open up拆开，开通；D. call at到……进行短暂访问。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”及后文“similar experiments”可知，老师是在做实验，统计数目，不让学生回复这些通知。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全国各地的教师都做过类似的实验，通常会在白板上记录几十个标记。A. interpreting诠释；B. comparing比较；C. recording记录；D. teaching教学。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”可知，实验结果是在白板上记录了许多标记。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授荣誉等级课程的Chavis对她的实验结果感到震惊。A. moved使感动；B. shocked使震惊；C. delighted使高兴；D. saddened使悲伤。根据语境和前文“usually 　　2　　 dozens of markings on the whiteboard”可知，老师对实验结果感到震惊。故选B项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chavis是越来越多的教师、家长和健康专家中的一员，他们认为智能手机现在是增加学生焦虑程度的部分原因。A. approval批准；B. enrolment注册；C. commitment承诺；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下一段中“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of
uneasiness”可知，智能手机增加学生的焦虑程度。故选D项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电子设备的使用如此广泛，以至于美国国家教育协会通讯称这是一场“心理健康海啸”。A. convenient方便的；B. unique独特的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. widespread广泛的。根据后文“it was a ‘mental health tsunami (海啸)’”及第五段中“too much social media use”可知，电子设备被广泛使用。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考试、课后活动和家庭问题会增加学生的压力。A. disorder紊乱；B. stress压力，紧张；C. confusion混淆；D. pain痛苦。根据后文“the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，此处指学生的“压力”。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在的研究表明，智能手机和社交媒体是不安情绪上升的一些主要原因。A. suggests建议，表明，暗示；B. analyses分析；C. recommends推荐；D. expresses表达。根据后文“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，这是研究所表明的结果。故选A项。
8．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. result from起因于；B. contribute to贡献于，促成，是……的部分原因；C. cut down削减；D. push for推动。根据前文“too much social media use”和后文“the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers”可知，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致青少年的心理健康障碍。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. pride骄傲；B. isolation孤独；C. guilt内疚；D. love爱。根据前文“mental health disturbance”及后文“depression and anxiety”可知，孤独感属于心理健康障碍。故选B项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据Pew研究中心的一份报告，70%的青少年认为焦虑和抑郁是同龄人的主要问题。A. Yet然而；B. Even甚至；C. Otherwise否则；D. Thus因此，从而。后文“70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”和前文“Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use.”之间存在转折关系。故选A项。
11．考查形容词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：近60%的家长表示，他们担心社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。A. excited激动的；B. doubtful可疑的；C. concerned担心的，关注的；D. warned被警告的。根据语境和后文“the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health”可知，对孩子身心健康的影响引起家长的担心。故选C项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多公立学校付钱给外部公司，让他们观察学生的社交媒体活动，寻找焦虑的迹象。A. distress忧虑，悲伤；B. participation参与；C. dropout退出；D. crime罪行。根据前文“　　 70
percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”可知，他们在调查焦虑（忧虑）的迹象。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人则邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。A. handle处理；B. encourage鼓励；C. calm使镇静；D. inspire激励。根据前文“invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs”可知，他们邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。故选C项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不到20%的学生和学校员工参加了此次活动，显示出科技对他们日常生活的控制。A. restoring恢复；B. worsening恶化；C. causing引起；D. showing显示，表明。根据前文“unplugged events”和后文“the control that technology has over their daily lives”可知，实验结果显示出科技对日常生活的控制。故选D项。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新泽西州的Deirdre Birmingham参加了一项名为“等到十八岁”的活动，因为她认为自己热爱电子游戏的10岁儿子还没有准备好智能手机。A. joined in参加；B. stepped up增强，提高；C. went against反对，违背；D. appealed to吸引，呼吁。根据后文“a campaign called ‘Wait Until Eighteenth’”可知，此处指参加了一项活动。故选A项。
一、现在分词和过去分词的区别
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
二、分词的句法功能
1、作表语
分 词 例 句
现在分词 多表示主语所具有的特征 The day was so charming. The film is very moving.
过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态 He was moved.
We are determined to overcome the difficulty.
大多数作表语的过去分词都来自及物动词，只有一小部分来自不及物动词。例如：gone, come, fallen, risen, arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等，这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词，它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩，而且使用范围很窄。例如：
Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。
The leaves are fallen. 树叶落了。
2、作宾补
分词可以在感官动词和使役动词等后与一个名词/代词构成复合宾语。若表动作进行，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词；若表动作完成，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。常用于以下结构：
1) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel + sb/sth + doing/done
I saw a book lying there.
A book was seen lying there.
He found his hometown greatly changed after many years.
2) 表发现、致使：find/ discover/ catch/ get/ have/ leave/ keep /send + sb/sth + doing
A flood hit the area the other day, leaving few houses standing.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
The girl who was caught cheating has admitted her mistake.
A sudden rain sent the players and the audience running in all directions for cover.
3) 表心理、致使：consider/ have/ get/ keep/ leave/ make + sb/sth + done
It is time that you had your washing machine repaired.
I will try my best to get my English improved.
I considered this problem settled.
4) 表要求、希望、命令：declare/ like/ need/ order/ want/ wish + sb/sth + done
He declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.
I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.
Do you wish your breakfast (to be) brought to your room
动词 have keep get leave make catch send
现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × ×
5) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
with/without + sb/sth + doing/done
With the fellow leading the way, we had no trouble finding the temple.
With her skirt caught on a nail, she couldn’t move.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
They had passed without a singled word spoken.
区别have sb do | have sb/sth doing | have sth done: have sb do表示让某人做某事，此时have可与make, let, cause, get替换（cause, get后要加to） The teacher had the students clean the classroom. have sb doing ①表示让某人/某物一直做某事或使某物一直处于某种状态; ②表示客观上有某情况在进行或持续; ③表示容忍或允许某人做某事，主要用于否定式，常与 won’t, can’t 连用 He had the light burning all night. I looked up and found we had water dripping through the ceiling. I won’t have you telling me what to do. have sth done ①表示让别人做某事 ②表示完成某事 ③遭遇某种不幸情况 She is having her eyes tested. A week ago I had 100 dollars saved. She had her leg broken.
3、作定语
1) 单个分词作定语，分词前置。
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的变化
a newly-built house 一所新建筑的房子
2) 分词短语作定语，分词后置。分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别单个分词如found, built, invited, made, mentioned, lost, given, left, discussed, gained/obtained, shown, told等作定语也后置。
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
The experience gained is a big fortune.
3) 分词完成式不能作定语。表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构，直接用过去分词。故分词作定语只有doing、done、being done三种结构。
The teacher criticized the students who had broken the window.
The meeting being held is extremely crucial.
The meeting held by Principal Wang is extremely crucial.
The man holding the crucial meeting is Principal Wang.
4) 分词与定语从句的转换。
The man who is looking at the map has got lost.
= The man looking at the map has got lost.
The man who lives next door is a professor.
= The man living next door is a professor.
The building which was completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention.
= The building completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention.
The building which is being built has caught many people’s attention.
= The building being built has caught many people’s attention.
4、作状语
分词(短语)作状语修饰谓语动词，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。分词可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。分词(短语)作状语还可表示方式或伴随，不可用状语从句替代，此时其作用相当于一个句子的并列谓语。
功能 常在位置 例句
时间（常可加when, while, until, once等） 句首 Seeing from the hill, he found the town magnificent. When seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.
原因（表原因的连接词常省略） 句首 Having no ticket, I couldn’t go to see the film. Not knowing how to get there, he asked a policeman.
条件（可在分词前加if，unless等） 句首 If polluted, water will be unfit to drink. Having a map, I will find a way to get there.
结果（可在分词前加thus, only, so that修饰） 句末 He died, leaving his old parents alone with sorrow. He applied more water to the flowers, only making the things worse.
让步（常可在前加although, even if等） 句首 Although wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.
方式或伴随 句末 The teacher stood there surrounded by many students. He sat at he office table, going over the documents.
一、填空题 (分词用法)
1．The girls traditional costumes look so attractive. (wear) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wearing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：穿着传统服装的女孩看起来很有吸引力。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词The girls与wear之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填wearing。
2．She insisted that she should be kept (inform). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】informed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她坚持要求自己被告知情况。 这个句子考查的是keep sb. informed这个句型的变式，意思是“保持某人被告知某事”，主语she与所给词inform之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式informed作主语补足语，故答案是informed。
3． (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has a history of over 200 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧始于18世纪，至今已有200多年的历史。句中谓语是has，空格处用非谓语动词，Peking Opera和date之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Dating。
4．I want to buy some English story books for children. (design) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】designed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想买一些为孩子们设计的英语故事书。本句谓语为want，此处为非谓语动词，且books与design“设计”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语，修饰名词books。故填designed。
5．With several ideas (bounce) around in his mind, he couldn’t wait to share them with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bouncing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他脑子里有好几个想法在跳动，迫不及待地想和我们分享。这里是“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语several ideas和bounce之间是主谓关系，且这里表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词，作宾补。故填bouncing。
6． (suspect) of being involved in the recent string of burglaries, he was summoned by the police for questioning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Suspected/Having been suspected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被怀疑牵涉进了最近一系列的入室盗窃案，他被警方传唤接受询问。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处需要非谓语动词，作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语之间被动关系，所以用过去分词。也可以理解为该动词和其逻辑主语为被动关系，且该动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式“having been done”的结构。故填Suspected或Having been suspected。
7． (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看过不少哈姆雷特的作品后，我充满了信心——直到京剧来到城里。本
句的谓语是was，所以空处应用非谓语动词。see和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，且表示的动作发生在was之前，所以应用现在分词的完成式，作状语。故填Having seen。
8．Sensing my inner anxiety, father forced a smile, (comfort) me that everything would be ok. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】comforting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲觉察到我内心的焦虑，强颜欢笑，安慰我说一切都会好起来的。句中谓语是forced，空格处用非谓语动词，father和comfort之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填comforting。
9．Every spring, tourists from all over the world come (flood) in to enjoy the sight of The Slender West Lake, the He Garden and the Ge Garden, which fully reveal the charm of Yangzhou. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】flooding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每年春天，来自世界各地的游客涌入扬州，欣赏瘦西湖、何园和个园的美景，这些景点充分展现了扬州的魅力。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作伴随状语。flood in“涌入”，该动词短语和其逻辑主语tourists之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填flooding。
10．There are many reports (feature) heroes who are devoted to common people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有许多关于英雄献身于平民的报道。句中谓语是are，空格处用非谓语动词，reports和feature之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填featuring。
11． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Absorbed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：诗人专心写诗，没有意识到黑夜已经来临。didn’t realize为谓语，逗号后面没有连词，空处为非谓语动词，the poet与absorb构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
12． (resign) to her fate, she accepted the challenges that lay ahead, knowing that her decisions would shape her future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Resigned/Having been resigned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她接受了命运的安排，勇敢面对未来的挑战，深知自己的决定将塑造她的未来。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以空处需要非谓语动词做状语。该动词和其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词做状语。也可以理解为该动词和其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，且该动作
发生在主句动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式“have been done”的结构。故填Resigned/Having been resigned。
13．With the gift brightly (wrap), she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wrapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：礼物包装得光彩夺目，她在生日派对上将它递给了她最好的朋友。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语the gift之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填wrapped。
14． (devote) to the cause of education for ages, he has been working heart and soul. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Devoted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，他一直全心全意地从事教育事业。固定搭配be devoted to (doing) sth.意为“致力于……、投身于……”，此处的过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Devoted。
15．This item is the perfect example of (combine) art and science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】combined
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这件物品是艺术与科学结合的完美例子。动词combine意为“结合”，和系动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语art and science构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。故填combined。
16．Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house . (repair) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】repaired
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在飓风来临之前，这家人把房子的门窗都修好了。分析句子可知，此处为“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语the doors and windows与动词repair是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repaired。
17． by the movie, she quickly recovered from sadness and got to work hard again. (inspire) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Inspired/nspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到这部电影的启发，她很快从悲伤中恢复过来，重新开始努力工作。本句谓语为recovered，此处为非谓语动词，且she与inspire“激励，启发思考”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Inspired。
18．Surprised to see such a poorly (dress) boy selling flowers, people would buy one or two. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】dressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这样一个穿着不得体的男孩卖花，人们会惊讶地买一两朵。本句谓语为would buy，此处为非谓语动词，且boy与dress“给（某人）穿衣服”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填dressed。
19． (equip) with some food and drinks, the boys set sail early. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Equipped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩子们带着一些食物和饮料，早早地启航了。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词；动词equip与the boys之间为动宾关系，所以需要使用过去分词表示被动。故填Equipped。
20．People experiencing scarcity make reasonable decisions (base) on their conditions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经历稀缺的人会根据自己的情况做出合理的决定。句子已有谓语make，空处为非谓语动词，base“以……为基础”和People逻辑上是被动关系，应用base的过去分词形式，作方式状语。故填based。
21．Besides performing and modeling, Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks, getting more people (involve)in the conservation of ocean life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】involved
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：除了表演和模特，汉娜周游世界做报告和演讲，让更多的人参与到海洋生物的保护中来。be involved in“参与”，去掉be动词， people与involve之间是被动关系，本句为过去分词作宾语补足语。故填involved。
22．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival, (feature) a parade, was celebrated during the spring time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在古埃及，以游行为特色的丰收节是在春季庆祝的。分析可知，句中已有谓语was celebrated，逻辑主语the harvest festival与feature之间为主动关系，空处应为现在分词形式作后置定语，故填featuring。
23．Bencheley saw sharks (kill) and this caused a deep change in him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being killed
【详解】考查现在分词被动式。句意：Bencheley看到鲨鱼被杀，这让他发生了深刻的变化。宾语sharks和非谓语动词kill是被动关系，且kill表示正在进行的动作，kill用现在分词被动式作宾补。故填being killed。
24．Teenagers (glue) to their smartphones tend to have bad academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】glued
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：沉迷于智能手机的青少年往往学习成绩不佳。分析句子结构可知，此空为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词teenagers，glue与名词teenagers之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，be glued to意为“沉迷于”。故填glued。
25．The climbers (trap) in the mountain are waiting to be rescued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在山上的登山者正在等待救援。此处trap与climbers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填trapped。
二、翻译 (分词用法)
26．曾有一段时间，Jim 完全专心于画画，对其他任何东西都失去了兴趣。(absorb；分词作状语)
【答案】There was a time when Jim was absorbed in drawing completely, losing interest in anything else.
【详解】考查定语从句、分词作状语。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时。表示“曾有一段时间”为there was a time when...；用when引导限制性定语从句表示“Jim 完全专心于画画”为when Jim was absorbed in drawing completely，when在从句中作时间状语，be absorbed in是固定搭配，动名词drawing作宾语，副词completely作状语。用现在分词作状语表示“对其他任何东西都失去了兴趣”为losing interest in anything else，动词lose和主语之间是主动关系。句首字母大写，故翻译为There was a time when Jim was absorbed in drawing completely, losing interest in anything else.
27．看到他迷人的表演，他的父母感动得热泪盈眶。(现在分词作状语翻译句子)
【答案】Seeing his amazing performance, his parents were moved to tears.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态、语态。句子描述的事情发生在过去，使用一般过去时。“看到”为“see”，“他的”为“his”，“迷人的”为“amazing”，“表演”为“performance”，句子主语“他的父母”为“his parents”，与see之
间为主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，则“看到他迷人的表演”翻译为“seeing his amazing performance”；“将某人感动得热泪盈眶”为动词短语“move sb to tears”，“his parents”与move为被动关系，则“他的父母感动得热泪盈眶”应使用一般过去时的被动语态，翻译为“his parents were moved to tears”，故“看到他迷人的表演，他的父母感动得热泪盈眶”翻译为Seeing his amazing performance, his parents were moved to tears.
28．网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until)
【答案】The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it.
【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词、并列句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据汉语中的“因为……”可知，这里可用for引出表示原因的句子，for表示“因为”；根据汉语中的“只有……才……”可知，这里应用not/never until(直到……才)表示。“网络红包”可表示为online red packet；“……的乐趣”可表示为the joy of；“在于”可表示为lie in，为固定搭配；“未知性”可表示为unpredictability；“收到”可表示为receive，“红包”在前面已经提及，这里可用it代指，根据句中的“收到红包的人”可知，这里特指收到红包的那个人，应用the one表示，且“收到红包”作定语修饰the one，receive和the one之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，即the one receiving it；“打开”可表示为open；“知道”可表示为know；“抢到了多少钱”作“知道”的宾语，可用how much引导的宾语从句how much he has grabbed表示。故本句可翻译为：The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it.
29．深受这个故事的激励，他决心更加努力地学习。（非谓语动词作状语）
【答案】Inspired by the story, he made up his mind/was determined to study harder.
【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“受……激励”用短语be inspired by，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式；“决心做某事”用短语make up one’s mind/be determined to do sth.；“更加努力地学习”翻译为study harder。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Inspired by the story, he made up his mind/was determined to study harder.
30．尽管养成新习惯耗时费力，但只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈，终会达成所愿。(Despite)
【答案】Despite the time and effort required to develop new habits, as long as you stay determined and persistent, you will eventually achieve your goals.
【详解】考查介词、名词、形容词、时态和状语从句。“尽管养成新习惯耗时费力”作状语，用指定介词despite构成介词短语despite the time and effort required to develop new habits作让步状语，其中过去分词短语required
to develop new habits作后置定语；“只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈”作条件状语，用复合连词as long as引导，主语“你”用人称代词you，“心怀斗志，坚持不懈”用形容词determined and persistent表示，作表语，表明主语的特质，系动词用stay；主句“终会达成所愿”，添加主语you，谓语“达成”用动词achieve，表示将来会发生的事情，用一般将来时态will achieve，“终会”作状语，用副词eventually，宾语“所愿”用your goals。综上，全句译为：Despite the time and effort required to develop new habits, as long as you stay determined and persistent, you will eventually achieve your goals.
（一）、语法填空
（2023上·上海·高一上海市宜川中学校考期末）
Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 31 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found.
Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize(去碳), but the question of whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 32 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 33 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters
To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita(人均地)dropped from 0.69 tonnes(公吨)on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 34 these latter figures included a further six countries.
During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of Co2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 35 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 36 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool.
The reason 37 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation—but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 38 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 39 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to
learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 40 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool.
【答案】
31．those 32．hasn’t been addressed 33．to back 34．that 35．what 36．pursue 37．of 38．limiting 39．because/as 40．could/may
【导语】这是一篇说明文。使用可再生能源似乎比使用核能更能减少碳排放。研究人员发现，采用可再生能源的国家已经显著减少了碳排放，但那些追求核能的国家却没有做到这一点。
31．考查代词。句意：研究人员发现，采用可再生能源的国家已经显著减少了碳排放，但那些追求核能的国家却没有做到这一点。此处指“那些国家”应用代词those。故填those。
32．考查时态语态。句意：核能和可再生能源被视为政府实现脱碳的两大关键途径，但其中一种方式是否对应对气候变化更有效的问题尚未得到充分解决。分析句子结构可知，“whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change”为宾语从句，空格在主句中作谓语，主语与谓语构成被动关系，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响应用现在完成时的被动语态，为否定陈述句，助动词用has。故填hasn’t been addressed。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着几个国家即将决定是否支持新的核电站以达到他们的碳排放目标，这个问题的答案很重要。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，故填to back。
34．考查宾语从句。句意：他们发现，在117个使用可再生能源的国家中，人均二氧化碳排放量从1990年至2004年的平均0.69吨下降到2000年至2014年的0.61吨，而后者还包括另外6个国家。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。
35．考查宾语从句。句意：Sovacool说：“如果你关注我们在未来15年能做些什么来减少排放，那就追求可再生能源，而不是核能。”空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what。故填what。
36．考查祈使句。句意：Sovacool说：“如果你关注我们在未来15年能做些什么来减少排放，那就追求可再生能源，而不是核能。”肯定祈使句填动词原形。故填pursue。
37．考查介词。句意：产生这些结果的原因尚不清楚——分析发现了一种联系，而不是因果关系——但Sovacool有自己的想法。reason与results为所属关系，应用介词of。故填of。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可以用来制造炸弹。分析句子结构可知limit与逻辑主语agreements构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填limiting。
39．考查状语从句。句意：由于限制核武器扩散的协议，核能受到限制，因为反应堆的材料可以用来制造炸弹。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because或as。故填because/as。
40．考查情态动词。句意：Sovacool说，其他原因可能是可再生能源更便宜、建造更快、更容易被社会接
受。后跟动词原形，结合句意表示“可能是”可用could、may。故填could/may。
（二）、十一选十
（2023·上海七宝中学·高一校考期末）
A．dislike B．satisfy C． place D．familiar E. understanding F. role G. honouring H. average I. improved J. strict K. collection
Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different 41 .
Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even 42 things like refrigerators and washing machines in the centre of the hall.
People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales – it is the 43 of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase on a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.
One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel 44 with the exhibits. Unlike the 45 art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products work, and how design has 46 the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their 47 .
In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to 48 the public’s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London’s Design Museum, for example, shows a 49 of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less 50 than those to art museums.
【答案】
41．F 42．C 43．G 44．D 45．H 46．I 47．E 48．B 49．K 50．J
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章讲的是设计博物馆的本质和特色，以及它们和普通的艺术博物馆的区别。
41．考查名词。句意：然而，今天开放的越来越受欢迎的“设计博物馆”却扮演着完全不同的角色。分析句子
可知，空格处为名词作宾语，此处表示“扮演不同的角色”，应用名词role“角色”，符合句意。故选F。
42．考查动词。句意：这些博物馆有时甚至把冰箱和洗衣机之类的东西陈列在大厅的中央。分析句子可知，空格处为简单句的谓语动词，句子描述一般性事实，为一般现在时，主语These museums为复数形式，动词原形place“陈列；放置”，符合句意。故选C项。
43．考查名词。句意：但它们的角色不仅仅是销售，而是对优秀发明产品的致敬。根据前面冠词the可知，空格处应填名词，honouring“致敬；敬意”为名词，the honouring of sth意为“对……的致敬”，符合句意。故选G项。
44．考查形容词。句意：设计博物馆的一个优点是，在那里人们会对展品感到熟悉。根据空格前的感官动词feel可知，空格处应填形容词，作表语，familiar “熟悉的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。
45．考查形容词。句意：与一般艺术博物馆的参观者不同，设计博物馆的参观者很少感到害怕或困惑。根据后文“art museum visitors”可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，average “普通的；一般的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。
46．考查动词。句意：这在一定程度上是因为设计博物馆清楚地展示了大规模生产的产品如何以及为什么会这样工作和外观，以及设计是如何提高我们的生活质量的。根据空格前的助动词has可知，空格处为宾语从句中的谓语动词，应使用动词的过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时，improved“改善；提高”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。
47．考查名词。句意：艺术博物馆的展品很可能会让参观者感受到他们无法理解的东西。根据前面形容词性物主代词their可知，空格处应填名词，understanding“理解”为名词，beyond one’s understanding意为“超出某人的理解范围”，符合句意。故选E项。
48．考查动词。句意：这些博物馆都试图用新理念来满足公众对这一领域日益增长的兴趣。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语动词has tried的宾语，try to do sth意为“努力做某事”， satisfy“满足”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
49．考查名词。句意：例如，伦敦设计博物馆展示了一系列大规模生产的物品，从Zippo打火机到电动打字机，再到一组意大利鱼罐头。根据前面冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，collection“空间”为可数名词，a collection of意为“一批；一些”，常修饰比较珍贵的文物，符合句意。故选K项。
50．考查形容词。句意：设计博物馆的选择似乎远没有艺术博物馆那么严格。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，可填形容词，strict“严格的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。
（三）阅读理解
Section A 完形填空
（2023上·上海杨浦·高一上海市杨浦高级中学校考期末）People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are 61 their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green 62 in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.
If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a 63 community along the harbour front of British Columbia’s capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will 64 residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials,, such as paints and wood, are 65 and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require 66 to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the 67 concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures (照明设备) reduce the environmental 68 of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres 69 studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. 70 , water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing (冲洗) toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the 71 into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce 72 .
Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use 73 energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).
Dockside residents will 74 excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces. The Eco-Community will favour the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be 75 places to live, promoting a tangible (看得见的)sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.
61．A．frightened of B．concerned about C．linked with D．fed up with
62．A．symbol B．talent C．focus D．trust
63．A．intelligent B．strange C．dizzy D．self-sufficient
64．A．take in B．depend on C．consist of D．make up for
65．A．natural B．mixed C．sealed D．mysterious
66．A．livestock B．pesticides C．paperwork D．vehicle
67．A．top B．stressful C．minimum D．limited
68．A．convenience B．achievement C．charity D．impact
69．A．for fear that B．so that C．as D．though
70．A．In all B．In particular C．Therefore D．In addition
71．A．profit B．future C．traffic D．media
72．A．emissions B．disagreements C．unemployment D．disease
73．A．less B．man-made C．renewable D．various
74．A．result from B．apply for C．contribute to D．benefit from
75．A．desirable B．reliable C．recyclable D．imaginary
【答案】
61．B 62．C 63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B 67．A 68．D 69．C 70．D 71．B 72．A 73．C 74．D 75．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人们正在寻找减少碳足迹的方法。对于那些关心自己健康和地球福祉的人来说，购买对环境负责的财产是一项良好的投资。基于这一趋势，被称为生态社区的整个地区的设计都考虑到了绿色。不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚的Dockside Green就是其中之一。Dockside Green强调绿色能源和能源效率的重要性。
61．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：对于那些关心自己的健康和地球福祉的人来说，购买对环境负责的房产是一项很好的投资。A. frightened of害怕……；B. concerned about担心，关心；C. linked with与……有关；D. fed up with及厌恶的，受够了的。根据“Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible”可知，购买对环境负责的房产是那些关心自己健康和地球福祉的人做的事。故选B。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基于这一趋势，整个被称为生态社区的地区都在设计中以环保为重点。A. symbol象征；B. talent才能，天赋；C. focus焦点，重点；D. trust信任。根据“Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are 　　1　　 their own health and the well-being of the earth.”可知，基于这一趋势，社区的涉及通常以环保为重点。故选C。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一切按计划进行，Dockside Green将成为不列颠哥伦比亚省首府海港附近的一个自给自足的社区。A. intelligent智慧的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. dizzy眩晕的；D. self-sufficient
自给自足的。根据下文“T residential, office, and retail space.”可知，该社区各种设施配备齐全，将会是一个自给自足的社区。故选D。
64．考查动词短语辨析。句意：该社区将容纳2500人，包括住宅、办公和零售空间。A. take in吸收，欺骗；B. depend on依靠，依赖；C. consist of由……组成；D. make up for弥补。根据“residential, office, and retail space.”可知，该社区是由住宅、办公和零售空间组成。故选C。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：建筑材料，如油漆和木材，都是天然无毒的。A. natural自然的，天然的；B. mixed混合的；C. sealed密封的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据“and non-poisonous”推知，建筑材料是天然的。故选A。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：具有环保意识的建筑商尽可能使用竹子，因为竹子生长迅速，不需要杀虫剂。A. livestock牲口；B. pesticides杀虫剂；C. paperwork文书工作；D. vehicle车辆。根据“Eco-conscious builders”和常识可知，竹子生长快速且不需要杀虫剂。故选B。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能源效率是生态社区最关注的问题之一，比如Dockside Green。A. top最高的，首要的；B. stressful有压力的；C. minimum最小的；D. limited有限的。根据下文“Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada.”推知，能源效率是生态社区关注的首要问题之一。故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：节能电器和灯具不仅减少了供暖和热水对环境的影响，还为居民和企业主节省了金钱。A. convenience便利；B. achievement成就；C. charity慈善；D. impact影响。根据“energy efficient appliances and light fixtures”可知，节能电器和灯具减少了对环境 影响。故选D。
69．考查连词词义辨析。句意：居民将有个人水表，因为研究表明，如果按用水量计费，人们的用电量将减少20%左右。A. for fear that唯恐；B. so that以便，因此；C. as因为，随着，当，尽管；D. though尽管，即使。根据句意可知，上下文是因果关系，应用as引导。故选C。
70．考查短语和副词词义辨析。句意：此外，水在Dockside Green进行处理，并在现场重新用于冲厕所。A. In all总共；B. In particular尤其；C. Therefore因此；D. In addition此外。上文提到了通过安装个人水表，来减少水和电的使用，此处也陈述节约用水的问题，因此是对上文的补充说明，用in addition符合语境。故选D。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dockside Green等生态社区的规划者必须考虑到未来。A. profit利润；B. future未来；C. traffic交通；D. media媒体。根据下文“Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs.”的plans to可知，此处是指规划者必须考虑到社区的将来。故选B。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个减少排放的好方法。A. emissions排放；B. disagreements分歧；C.
unemployment失业；D. disease疾病。根据上文“They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs.”可知，使用当地供应商来满足他们所有的运输和维护需求这种办法能够减少排放。故选A。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，使用可再生能源代替化石燃料的高科技供暖系统正在计划中。A. less较少的；B. man-made人造的；C. renewable可再生的；D. various各种各样的。呼应后文“instead of fossil fuels”此处是指使用可再生的能源。故选C。
74．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Dockside Green居民将受益于优质的当地服务，包括社区中心的高质量医疗保健、购物和教育，以及优秀的娱乐设施和丰富的绿色开放空间。A. result from起因于；B. apply for申请；C. contribute to导致；D. benefit from受益于。根据“excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces.”推知，居民将从这些服务中受益。故选D。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：The Eco-Community将提倡使用本地生产的商品和服务;它们将成为理想的居住地，促进切实的公民自豪感、责任感，以及顾名思义的社区意识。A. desirable令人象往的；B. reliable可靠的；C. recyclable可循环的；D. imaginary想象的。基于14小题的分析可知这个生态社区有优质的服务，并提倡使用本地生产的商品和服务，由此可知，它会是一个令人向往的居住地。故选A。
Section B 六选四
（2023上·上海奉贤·高一统考期末）Life in 2060
An international group of 40 scientists have made some very surprising predictions about the future. They say that in the next 50 years the way we live will change beyond our wildest dreams.
25 With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.
Professor Ellen Heber-Katz says: “ 26 ” Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine. But doctors will need huge supplies of organs for transplant. Where will they come from Scientists say these could be grown inside animals from human cells.
Professor Susan Greenfield of Oxford University says, “in 50 years’ time we may have a clearer idea of how the brain generates consciousness.” Studies of the brain and the nature of consciousness will bring much greater understanding of disorders such as depression. Other scientists go further than Professor Greenfield. They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions. 27
Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals.
The story of Dr. Dolittle will be fact, not fiction. “ 28 ” says Professor Daniel Pauly from Canada. “so we might all become vegetarian.”
A．People will take for granted that injured or diseased organs can be repaired in much the same way as we fix a car. B．This device could first work with primates(灵长类), then mammals, then other vertebrates, including fish. C．Within 50 years, living to 100 years old while will enjoying active, healthy lives will be a common thing. D．A number of scientists predict that the biggest breakthrough in the next 50 years will be the discovery of extra-planet beings. E．Human beings may eventually be replaced by computers in some areas of life. F．We don’t yet know how the brain gives us our awareness of being alive.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．E 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对未来生活的一些预测，并详细介绍了一些具体的变化。
25．下文“With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.(通过定期注射，百岁老人将像今天的60岁老人一样充满活力。妇女在年老时仍能生育；他们的生物钟可以延长10年。)”提到了百岁老人的生活状态，选项C中100years old是关键词，与下文呼应，所以C选项“在50年内，活到100岁，同时享受积极、健康的生活将是一件很普遍的事情。”是对下文内容的一个概括，符合题意。故选C项。
26．下文“Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine.(损坏的部件将予以更换。50年内全身置换将成为常规。)”提到了全身置换，选项A中repaired是关键词，与下文的replaced呼应，所以A选项“人们想当然地认为，受伤或患病的器官可以修复，就像我们修理汽车一样。”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A项。
27．上文“They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions.(他们相信，到2060年，计算机将发展出自己的意识和情感。)”提到了计算机的发展，选项E中replaced是关键词，说明了发展可能产生的结果，所以E选项“人类最终可能会在生活的某些领域被计算机取代。”符合题意。故选E项。
28．上文“Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals.(多亏了一种可以“读取”情感、感觉和思想的设备，我们将能够与动物“交谈”。)”提到了一种设备，选项B中device是关键词，与上文呼应，构成顺承关系，所以B选项“这种设备可以首先用于灵长类动物，然后是哺乳动物，然后是其他脊椎动物，包括鱼类。”符合题意。故选B项。2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习之完形填空+分词用法
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。
不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。
利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
[示例] When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways. Simply put: 32 power increases brain power.
...........
To understand why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words, start by asking the same question the Yale team did: What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t
........
Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry mental benefits.
32．A．Memory B．Fluency C．Literature D．Word
利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常
利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[示例]　For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and make 34 from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make associations, so does your brain, literally building new pathways between regions in all four lobes (脑叶) and both hemispheres. Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater 35 against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退) .
34．A．explorations B．connections C．equivalents D．judgments
35．A．appeal B．struggle C．defense D．warning
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] ........What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and.......
36 , reading books, especially fiction, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. One 2013 study found that participants who read just the first part or chapter of a story showed a noticeable increase in empathy one week later, while 37 readers showed a decrease.
36．A．Consequently B．However C．Besides D．Instead
37．A．news B．regular C．mind D．occasional
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
课堂练习 （2023·上海控江中学·高一校考期末）
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill
in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones. Chavis told students not to 1 these notifications.
Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually 2 dozens of markings on the whiteboard. Chavis, who teaches honours-level classes, was 3 by the results of her experiment.
Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student 4 . The use of electronic devices is so 5 that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a “mental health tsunami (海啸)”.
Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase 6 for students. But research now 7 that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness.
Last year, an editorial in the journal Paediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might 8 the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of 9 , depression and anxiety.
Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. 10 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a Pew Research report. Nearly 60 percent of parents said they were 11 about the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health.
Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of 12 . Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help 13 students. Some schools have organized unplugged events — days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, 14 the control that technology has over their daily lives.
Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Deirdre Birmingham of New Jersey 15 a campaign called “Wait Until Eighteenth” because she didn’t think her video game-loving 10-year-old son was ready for a smartphone. The campaign involves groups of parents who have children in the same class. These parents agree not to let their children get phones until they are teenagers.
1．A．switch on B．respond to C．open up D．call at
2．A．interpreting B．comparing C．recording D．teaching
3．A．moved B．shocked C．delighted D．saddened
4．A．approval B．enrolment C．commitment D．anxiety
5．A．convenient B．unique C．attractive D．widespread
6．A．disorder B．stress C．confusion D．pain
7．A．suggests B．analyses C．recommends D．expresses
8．A．result from B．contribute to C．cut down D．push for
9．A．pride B．isolation C．guilt D．love
10．A．Yet B．Even C．Otherwise D．Thus
11．A．excited B．doubtful C．concerned D．warned
12．A．distress B．participation C．dropout D．crime
13．A．handle B．encourage C．calm D．inspire
14．A．restoring B．worsening C．causing D．showing
15．A．joined in B．stepped up C．went against D．appealed to
一、现在分词和过去分词的区别
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
二、分词的句法功能
1、作表语
分 词 例 句
现在分词 多表示主语所具有的特征 The day was so charming. The film is very moving.
过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态 He was moved.
We are determined to overcome the difficulty.
大多数作表语的过去分词都来自及物动词，只有一小部分来自不及物动词。例如：gone, come, fallen, risen, arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等，这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词，它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩，而且使用范围很窄。例如：
Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。
The leaves are fallen. 树叶落了。
2、作宾补
分词可以在感官动词和使役动词等后与一个名词/代词构成复合宾语。若表动作进行，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词；若表动作完成，分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。常用于以下结构：
1) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel + sb/sth + doing/done
I saw a book lying there.
A book was seen lying there.
He found his hometown greatly changed after many years.
2) 表发现、致使：find/ discover/ catch/ get/ have/ leave/ keep /send + sb/sth + doing
A flood hit the area the other day, leaving few houses standing.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
The girl who was caught cheating has admitted her mistake.
A sudden rain sent the players and the audience running in all directions for cover.
3) 表心理、致使：consider/ have/ get/ keep/ leave/ make + sb/sth + done
It is time that you had your washing machine repaired.
I will try my best to get my English improved.
I considered this problem settled.
4) 表要求、希望、命令：declare/ like/ need/ order/ want/ wish + sb/sth + done
He declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.
I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.
Do you wish your breakfast (to be) brought to your room
动词 have keep get leave make catch send
现在分词 √ √ √ √ × √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ × ×
5) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
with/without + sb/sth + doing/done
With the fellow leading the way, we had no trouble finding the temple.
With her skirt caught on a nail, she couldn’t move.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
They had passed without a singled word spoken.
区别have sb do | have sb/sth doing | have sth done: have sb do表示让某人做某事，此时have可与make, let, cause, get替换（cause, get后要加to） The teacher had the students clean the classroom. have sb doing ①表示让某人/某物一直做某事或使某物一直处于某种状态; ②表示客观上有某情况在进行或持续; ③表示容忍或允许某人做某事，主要用于否定式，常与 won’t, can’t 连用 He had the light burning all night. I looked up and found we had water dripping through the ceiling. I won’t have you telling me what to do. have sth done ①表示让别人做某事 ②表示完成某事 ③遭遇某种不幸情况 She is having her eyes tested. A week ago I had 100 dollars saved. She had her leg broken.
3、作定语
1) 单个分词作定语，分词前置。
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的变化
a newly-built house 一所新建筑的房子
2) 分词短语作定语，分词后置。分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别单个分词如found, built, invited, made, mentioned, lost, given, left, discussed, gained/obtained, shown, told等作定语也后置。
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
The experience gained is a big fortune.
3) 分词完成式不能作定语。表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，用定语从句。如果是被动结构，直接用过去分词。故分词作定语只有doing、done、being done三种结构。
The teacher criticized the students who had broken the window.
The meeting being held is extremely crucial.
The meeting held by Principal Wang is extremely crucial.
The man holding the crucial meeting is Principal Wang.
4) 分词与定语从句的转换。
The man who is looking at the map has got lost.
= The man looking at the map has got lost.
The man who lives next door is a professor.
= The man living next door is a professor.
The building which was completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention.
= The building completed ahead of time has caught many people’s attention.
The building which is being built has caught many people’s attention.
= The building being built has caught many people’s attention.
4、作状语
分词(短语)作状语修饰谓语动词，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。分词可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。分词(短语)作状语还可表示方式或伴随，不可用状语从句替代，此时其作用相当于一个句子的并列谓语。
功能 常在位置 例句
时间（常可加when, while, until, once等） 句首 Seeing from the hill, he found the town magnificent. When seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.
原因（表原因的连接词常省略） 句首 Having no ticket, I couldn’t go to see the film. Not knowing how to get there, he asked a policeman.
条件（可在分词前加if，unless等） 句首 If polluted, water will be unfit to drink. Having a map, I will find a way to get there.
结果（可在分词前加thus, only, so that修饰） 句末 He died, leaving his old parents alone with sorrow. He applied more water to the flowers, only making the things worse.
让步（常可在前加although, even if等） 句首 Although wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.
方式或伴随 句末 The teacher stood there surrounded by many students. He sat at he office table, going over the documents.
填空题 (分词用法)
1．The girls traditional costumes look so attractive. (wear) (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．She insisted that she should be kept (inform). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3． (date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has a history of over 200 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．I want to buy some English story books for children. (design) (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．With several ideas (bounce) around in his mind, he couldn’t wait to share them with us. (所给词的
适当形式填空)
6． (suspect) of being involved in the recent string of burglaries, he was summoned by the police for questioning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7． (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．Sensing my inner anxiety, father forced a smile, (comfort) me that everything would be ok. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．Every spring, tourists from all over the world come (flood) in to enjoy the sight of The Slender West Lake, the He Garden and the Ge Garden, which fully reveal the charm of Yangzhou. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．There are many reports (feature) heroes who are devoted to common people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11． (absorb) in writing a poem, the poet didn’t realize night was approaching. (所给词适当形式填空)
12． (resign) to her fate, she accepted the challenges that lay ahead, knowing that her decisions would shape her future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．With the gift brightly (wrap), she handed it to her best friend at the birthday party. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14． (devote) to the cause of education for ages, he has been working heart and soul. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．This item is the perfect example of (combine) art and science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Before the hurricane came, the family had the doors and windows of their house . (repair) (所给词的适当形式填空)
17． by the movie, she quickly recovered from sadness and got to work hard again. (inspire) (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．Surprised to see such a poorly (dress) boy selling flowers, people would buy one or two. （所给词的适当形式填空）
19． (equip) with some food and drinks, the boys set sail early. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．People experiencing scarcity make reasonable decisions (base) on their conditions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．Besides performing and modeling, Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks, getting more people (involve)in the conservation of ocean life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival, (feature) a parade, was celebrated during the spring time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．Bencheley saw sharks (kill) and this caused a deep change in him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．Teenagers (glue) to their smartphones tend to have bad academic performance. (所给词适当形式填空
25．The climbers (trap) in the mountain are waiting to be rescued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、翻译 (分词用法)
26．曾有一段时间，Jim 完全专心于画画，对其他任何东西都失去了兴趣。(absorb；分词作状语)
27．看到他迷人的表演，他的父母感动得热泪盈眶。(现在分词作状语翻译句子)
28．网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until)
29．深受这个故事的激励，他决心更加努力地学习。（非谓语动词作状语）
30．尽管养成新习惯耗时费力，但只要你心怀斗志，坚持不懈，终会达成所愿。(Despite)
（一）、语法填空
（2023上·上海·高一上海市宜川中学校考期末）
Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but 31 pursuing nuclear power have failed to do so, researchers have found.
Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize(去碳), but the question of whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change 32 (not address) fully. With several countries on the brink of deciding whether 33 (back) new nuclear power plants to meet their carbon targets, the answer to this question matters
To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita(人均地)dropped from 0.69 tonnes(公吨)on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and 34 these latter figures included a further six countries.
During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of Co2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on 35 we can do to reduce emissions in the next 15 years, 36 (pursue) renewables instead of nuclear,” says Sovacool.
The reason 37 the results is not clear — the analysis found a connection, not a causation—but Sovacool has ideas. Nuclear power is restricted due to agreements 38 (limit) the spread of nuclear weapons 39 material from reactors (核反应堆) can be used to make bombs. Renewables are not, enabling more countries to learn from one another, such as Germany benefiting from Chinese economies of scale on solar. Other reasons for this 40 be that renewables are cheaper and quicker to build and more socially acceptable, says Sovacool.
（二）、十一选十
（2023·上海七宝中学·高一校考期末）
A．dislike B．satisfy C． place D．familiar E. understanding F. role G. honouring H. average I. improved J. strict K. collection
Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different 41 .
Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even 42 things like refrigerators and washing machines in the centre of the hall.
People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales – it is the 43 of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase on a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.
One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel 44 with the exhibits. Unlike the 45 art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products work, and how design has
46 the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their 47 .
In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to 48 the public’s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London’s Design Museum, for example, shows a 49 of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less 50 than those to art museums.
（三）阅读理解
Section A 完形填空
（2023上·上海杨浦·高一上海市杨浦高级中学校考期末）People are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing property that is environmentally responsible is a good investment for those who are 61 their own health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are being designed with a green 62 in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British Columbia is one of them.
If everything goes according to plan, Dockside Green will be a 63 community along the harbour front of British Columbia’s capital city. The community will be home to 2500 people and will 64 residential, office, and retail space. Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They ensure proper ventilation (通风), and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Building materials,, such as paints and wood, are 65 and non-poisonous. Eco-conscious builders use bamboo wherever possible because it grows fast and does not require 66 to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the 67 concerns in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do energy efficient appliances and light fixtures (照明设备) reduce the environmental 68 of heating and hot water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that home owners will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Residents will have individual water metres 69 studies show that people use around 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. 70 , water is treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing (冲洗) toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the 71 into account. Dockside Green plans on reusing 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce 72 .
Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transportation system and buy into the
community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will use 73 energy instead of fossil fuels (化石燃料).
Dockside residents will 74 excellent local services with high quality healthcare, shopping and education at the heart of the community, along with excellent recreation facilities and plentiful green open spaces. The Eco-Community will favour the use of locally-sourced goods and services; they will be 75 places to live, promoting a tangible (看得见的)sense of civic pride, responsibility and, as the name suggests, community.
61．A．frightened of B．concerned about C．linked with D．fed up with
62．A．symbol B．talent C．focus D．trust
63．A．intelligent B．strange C．dizzy D．self-sufficient
64．A．take in B．depend on C．consist of D．make up for
65．A．natural B．mixed C．sealed D．mysterious
66．A．livestock B．pesticides C．paperwork D．vehicle
67．A．top B．stressful C．minimum D．limited
68．A．convenience B．achievement C．charity D．impact
69．A．for fear that B．so that C．as D．though
70．A．In all B．In particular C．Therefore D．In addition
71．A．profit B．future C．traffic D．media
72．A．emissions B．disagreements C．unemployment D．disease
73．A．less B．man-made C．renewable D．various
74．A．result from B．apply for C．contribute to D．benefit from
75．A．desirable B．reliable C．recyclable D．imaginary
Section B 六选四
（2023上·上海奉贤·高一统考期末）Life in 2060
An international group of 40 scientists have made some very surprising predictions about the future. They say that in the next 50 years the way we live will change beyond our wildest dreams.
25 With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.
Professor Ellen Heber-Katz says: “ 26 ” Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine. But doctors will need huge supplies of organs for transplant. Where will they come
from Scientists say these could be grown inside animals from human cells.
Professor Susan Greenfield of Oxford University says, “in 50 years’ time we may have a clearer idea of how the brain generates consciousness.” Studies of the brain and the nature of consciousness will bring much greater understanding of disorders such as depression. Other scientists go further than Professor Greenfield. They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions. 27
Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able to ‘talk’ to animals. The story of Dr. Dolittle will be fact, not fiction. “ 28 ” says Professor Daniel Pauly from Canada. “so we might all become vegetarian.”
A．People will take for granted that injured or diseased organs can be repaired in much the same way as we fix a car. B．This device could first work with primates(灵长类), then mammals, then other vertebrates, including fish. C．Within 50 years, living to 100 years old while will enjoying active, healthy lives will be a common thing. D．A number of scientists predict that the biggest breakthrough in the next 50 years will be the discovery of extra-planet beings. E．Human beings may eventually be replaced by computers in some areas of life. F．We don’t yet know how the brain gives us our awareness of being alive.