2023-2024学年八年级英语下学期期末复习之阅读与写作技巧方法（牛津上海版）

阅读与写作技巧方法
Ⅰ.概念
一、寻找主题句
1. 主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 1
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
主题句在段尾
作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left
to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
主题句在段中
当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
二、寻找结论句及作者的写作意图
Sample
A boy and his father were walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt him and cried "AAAhhhhhh!" To his surprise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain, "AAAhhhhhh!"
Then the boy shouted. "Who are you " He received the answer. "Who are you ” He got angry at the answer, so he shouted, "Foolish!" He received the answer.”
Foolish!" He looked at his father and asked, "What is going on " The father smiled and said.” My son, listen. “And then he shouted to the mountain. “I love you!” The voice answered, "I love you!”
Again the man cried, "You are the best!" The voice answered, "You are the best!"
The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained, "People call this ’Echo’, but really this is life. It gives you back everything you say or do our life is just a reflection of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it."
（文章先写回声这一自然现象，然后类比到生活现象，从而提出自己的写作意图，have more love in your heart/work hard, 我们要给予，才能有所回报，这样的文章很多时候会考到作者的
写作意图，我们就要选有高度和深度的选项。）
阅读技巧之二——猜生词
根据《课程标准》要求：初中生能正确流畅地朗读句子和课文，语音语调准确；能不借助词典阅读含有1%-3%生词的多种文体的语言材料：能根据上下文的意思，推测生词的意义。
Zoos protect the animals they look after. They offer them safe places to live in. In the wild, some kinds of animals are in danger of becoming extinct. But zoos give these animals a chance to live. Without zoos, there would be fewer kinds of animals in the world.
Question: 根据上下文意思，解释划线词含义。
【分析】这段文字的意思是：动物园为动物提供了安全的栖身之地：而在野外，有些种类的动物身处extinct的险境。如果没有动物园，世界上动物种类将变得更少。根据上下文的意思，可以推断出在野外的动物面临着灭绝的险境，因此extinct的意思就是“灭绝”。
猜词的技巧：
1. 通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等等)表示前因后果。
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.
通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。
通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while, however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.
根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3. 通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了，例如：independence 从词根
depend→dependent→dependence→independence。
4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5. 通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.
假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6. 通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。
例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类——企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
限时速测
Many people dream of going on a travel adventure (冒险) to the Americas (美洲). Most of us keep dreaming, but others ▲ .
Gregg Bleakney’s dream was to travel the Americas from north to south. He got the idea after he finished a
1,600-kilometer bike ride. Gregg’s friend, Brooks Allen, was also a cyclist. The two boys talked and decided their goal: They would travel from Alaska to Argentina by bike.
To pay for the trip, Gregg and Brooks worked hard and saved money for years. Once they were on the road, they often camped outdoors or stayed in rest houses. In many places along their trip, the people there opened their doors to the two boys and gave them food.
During the trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through deserts (沙漠), rainforests and mountains. Brooks had to return to the USA in the middle of the trip and Gregg went on traveling without him. Two years, twelve countries, and over 30, 500 km later, Gregg finally arrived in Ushuaia, Argentina, in the south of South America (near Guatemala). Gregg and Brooks kept a record of their adventures on a website. The trip taught both boys a lot about traveling.
Here is some of Gregg’s advice:
★Travel light. The fewer things you have, the less you’ll worry about.
★Don’t plan everything. Then you’ll be more relaxed and happy.
★Be friendly. As one traveler told Gregg, “Always remember that no one wants to fight, cheat, or rob (抢劫) a nice man.”
1．Which of the following can be put in ▲
A．give up easily B．make it happen
C．find it quite difficult D．think it a great idea
2．Gregg and Brooks started their trip from ________.
A．Argentina B．Ushuaia C．Guatemala D．Alaska
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Gregg and Brooks both cycled from Alaska to Argentina.
B．Gregg and Brooks saved money for the trip for quite a long time.
C．Gregg and Brooks traveled more than 30, 500 kilometers by bike.
D．Brooks went back to the USA from Guatemala.
4．Which is the best word to describe (描绘) Gregg and Brooks
A．Friendly. B．Easy-going. C．Brave. D．Honest.
5．In which part of the newspaper can we read the passage
A．Travelling. B．History. C．School Life. D．Music.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了Gregg和Brooks骑行跨越美洲的故事。
1．推理判断题。根据“Most of us keep dreaming, but others”可知，后文语境发生了转折，应该说“但也有人让梦想成真”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The two boys talked and decided their goal: They would travel from Alaska to Argentina by bike.”可知，他们从阿拉斯加开始的旅程。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“To pay for the trip, Gregg and Brooks worked hard and saved money for years.”可知，为了支付这次旅行的费用，Gregg和Brooks努力工作，攒了好几年的钱。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“During the trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through deserts (沙漠), rainforests and mountains.”以及“Gregg and Brooks kept a record of their adventures on a website.”可知，这两名男孩是勇敢的。故选C。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据“Gregg Bleakney’s dream was to travel the Americas from north to south.”以及“Two years, twelve countries, and over 30, 500 km later…Gregg and Brooks kept a record of their adventures on a website.”可知，本文主要讲述了Gregg和Brooks骑行跨越美洲的故事，因此我们可以在报纸的旅行部分看到这篇文章。故选A。
We usually have a runny nose when catching a cold. Yet our parents tell us not to blow our nose so hard. Why is that
When we blow our nose very hard, the air can move from our nose to our ears and cause problems. When we have a cold, the tube that connects our nose to our ears gets smaller. So the air can’t go back to the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the eardrum (鼓膜) and might make our ears ring or even cause hearing loss. If the things from our nose go into our ears with viruses (病毒) and bacteria (细菌), it can cause ear infections (感染).
If the air from the nose goes into the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes go up. This might cause different eye problems and even affect how well we can see in the long run. This is why, sometimes, when you blow your nose too hard, both your eyes and ears may feel uncomfortable.
Here are some right ways to clear your nose, place a tissue over the nose, and just close one nostril (鼻孔) at
a time and softly blow. If your nose is blocked up, putting a warm towel (毛巾) on your nose and forehead (前额) can also help you feel better.
There is another way to clear your nose. Since your nose and throat (喉咙) are connected, you can also try to get the mucus (粘液) out from your mouth. It’s a good idea to take a deep breath with the nose, then cough quickly to get out the mucus in your mouth.
6．What will happen if you blow your nose too hard
A．You may become blind. B．Your eyes may get an infection.
C．You may get a hearing problem. D．The pressure in your ear will go down.
7．What is paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Ways to protect your nose. B．Problems with your ears.
C．Problems with your eyes. D．Dangers of blowing noses too hard.
8．Which may be the right order to blow your nose according this text
A．①→②→③→④→⑤→⑥ B．①→⑤→③→②→⑥→④
C．①→③→②→⑤→④→⑥ D．①→⑤→②→③→⑥→④
9．What is the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
10．What is the best title of this passage
A．Ways to deal with colds.
B．Other illnesses caused by colds.
C．Common eye, ear and nose problems.
D．Things to know about blowing your nose.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了擤鼻子的危害和正确方法。
6．细节理解题。根据“So the air can’t go back to the nose and stays in the ear. This can hurt the eardrum (鼓膜) and might make our ears ring or even cause hearing loss.”可知，如果太用力擤鼻子，会让我们的耳朵嗡嗡作响，甚至失去听力。故选C。
7．段落大意题。根据“When we blow our nose very hard, the air can move from our nose to our ears and cause problems”和“If the air from the nose goes into the eyes, it can make the pressure in the eyes go up. This might cause different eye problems”可知，二三两段介绍了擤鼻涕太用力的危险。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据“Here are some right ways to clear your nose, place a tissue over the nose, and just close one nostril (鼻孔) at a time and softly blow. If your nose is blocked up, putting a warm towel (毛巾) on your nose and forehead (前额) can also help you feel better.”可知，首先准备一张纸巾，在鼻子上放一张纸巾，每次只闭上一个鼻孔，然后轻轻地擤，最后把纸巾扔掉，再去洗手。故选B。
9．篇章结构题。根据本文内容可知，第一段是引入，通过流鼻涕引入了不能太用力擤鼻子的概念；第二段是擤鼻子对于耳朵的危害；第三段是对于眼睛的危害；第四段是要用正确的方法擤鼻子；第五段给到了另一种方法；因此可以推断，第二段和第三段是相似主题，第四段和第五段也是相似的，所以A选项符合本文结构。故选A。
10．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了擤鼻子的危害和正确方法，D选项“关于擤鼻涕要知道的事情。”符合，故选D。
How many fish are there in the sea We always seem to think that there are an endless number of them. Is this true Will we run out of fish one day
Humans began overfishing (过度捕捞) in the 19th century. Today, there are many fishing ships in the world to catch fish. In other words, we are taking away too many fish from the world’s oceans (海洋) . Fish can’t grow fast enough, so the number of species (物种) of fish is dropping quickly. Some species will soon disappear (消失) .
To save these fish species, many countries have started to take actions. Along some rivers and lakes, you can see “No fishing” signs. The fish in these areas are probably under protection.
Besides, different areas have closed fishing periods at different times. When the fish in a certain area start
to lay eggs, the closed season for that area begins. People can’t catch fish until (直到) the young fish grow up. This is also an important way to stop overfishing. Fish are very important to the health of the sea. Let’s work together to protect our friends in the water!
11．When did humans begin overfishing
A．In the 1900s. B．In the 1800s. C．In 1900. D．In1800.
12．What can we know from Paragraph 2
A．Fish grow too fast.
B．There are too many fish in the world.
C．Some species of fish will become impossible to see.
D．People can’t take away any fish from the world’s oceans.
13．When can people start to catch fish according to the passage
A．When the fish begin to lay eggs.
B．When there are too many fish.
C．When the young fish grow up.
D．When there isn’t any “No fishing” sign.
14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Many countries did something to save fish.
B．”No fishing”means there is no fish in the river.
C．The closed fishing areas are all along farmlands.
D．The closed season for one area isn’t good for the health of the sea.
15．Where do you think is the passage from
A．www. B．www.
C．www. D．www.
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了过度捕捞导致鱼类物种数量急剧下降的问题，以及各国为保护鱼类采取的一些措施。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Humans began overfishing (过度捕捞) in the 19th century.”可知，人类在19世纪开始过度捕捞，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fish can’t grow fast enough, so the number of species (物种) of fish is dropping quickly. Some species will soon disappear (消失) .”可知，一些鱼类物种将很快消失，也就是说有些种类的鱼将可能看不到了。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“People can’t catch fish until (直到) the young fish grow up.”可知，人们可以在小鱼长大后开始捕捞，故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“To save these fish species, many countries have started to take actions.”可知，许多国家已经开始采取行动来保护这些鱼类，故选A。
15．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要是关于鱼类的保护和过度捕捞的问题，所以最有可能是来自一个关于动物世界的网站，故选D。
Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理
一、完型填空最常用的四种解题法　
1. 总体把握:要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。
2. 弄清体裁:文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。
3. 重视主题句:完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
4. 语境联想:利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
二、解题思路
1. 通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。
2. 瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。
3. 反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容
直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。
4. 验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。
三、解题步骤
1.做题前先花30-45秒预览文章，大致了解文章的体裁(记叙、议论或者……)、文章内容、几个段落、是否有小标题和项目符号(这个往往是该段的主题句)。
2.做题时，首句和小标题重点读，充分体会文章论证结构，灵活使用技巧(例子与例子的关系，例子与中心句的关系，平行关系等)，注意逻辑对应，指代清晰。
3.完成题后，重读文章1-2遍，确保单词在该句语法、语义、语境都合适。
Ⅱ. 专题精讲
一、解题技巧
1.首句必重点读
首句很多情况是Topic sentence (主题句)，告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。
【案例分析】
These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.
A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous
【教师】
如果学生分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项C为正确答案，A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。
2.句子之间关系
　　例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。
【案例分析】
In most menageries, animals were kept in small dirty cages. However, in modern zoos, animals are kept in habitats(栖息地) that look like 81 areas.
81. A) native B) narrow C) natural D) national
3.最佳适用原则
举个例子，如果这样出题。这位男士很______，每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为
女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下A good B nice C gentle D handsome 你会如何选 很多学生会选good, 觉得good是万能词，但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C gentle 很绅士是最佳答案。
【案例分析】
People who 85 animal rights don’t like the display of animals in zoos. But other people feel that zoos care for and protect the animals. They feel that this is why many exotic species are still alive today.
　　85. A) play a trick on B) get tired of C) pay attention to D) go on with
4.场景匹配原则
【案例分析】
Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family’s ________ to stop a robbery.
radio B. computer C. recorder D. telephone
【教师】
后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A C D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话，虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。
5. 平行并列原则
　　完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。若有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这样：with an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude , you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude .
Ⅲ. 学法提炼
1. 词义推断和逻辑推理题可以通过一些已知事实去做；
2. 理解文章主旨大意题时候，首尾段和首尾句很重要。
3. 解题时候对文章整体的把握很重要；
4. 注意上下文一些语境。
限时速测
Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文)
Years ago, the only way to get news from around the world was through newspapers. They were printed on big sheets of paper and brought to homes early in the morning or sold in shops. People would enjoy their morning coffee while reading the paper.
But now, the way we read news is very different because of 16 . These days, it’s more common to read news on digital (数码的，电子的) devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops. The change from paper to screens has happened for many reasons.
First, the internet lets us get news 17 . Instead of waiting for the morning paper, digital news is always there and keeps getting updated all the time. This means we can know about new events as they happen.
Another big change is how easy it is to access digital news. You can read news 18 and anytime, like on a bus, in a line, or at home. This ease of access has made digital news very popular.
Digital news sites also have things like videos, links, and pictures that make news more interesting. But, this new way of reading news has its problems. Screen pop-ups and digital 19 can make it hard for us to focus. Also, not everyone has digital devices or good internet, which means some people can’t get digital news.
Despite these problems, more and more people are reading news digitally. This shows a big change in how we get information and 20 with the world. As technology gets better, we’ll probably see even newer ways to share and read news.
It’s important to teach young readers how to use digital news in a good way. Knowing how to find trustworthy news and stay 21 among distractions (the things that take your attention away from what you’re trying to do or think about) are key skills today.
Moving from paper to digital news isn’t just about using new tech. It’s about how we use information in our lives every day, showing how the way we get news is always changing.
16．A．books B．technology C．newspapers D．magazines
17．A．immediately B．possibly C．daily D．hardly
18．A．nowhere B．somewhere C．anywhere D．everywhere
19．A．news B．advertisements C．articles D．stories
20．A．conclude B．complain C．consider D．connect
21．A．focused B．worried C．surprised D．relaxed
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D 21．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章探讨了从传统纸质新闻向数字新闻的转变，以及这种转变对我们获取信息和与世界联系的影响。
16．句意：但现在，我们阅读新闻的方式因为技术的发展而有了很大不同。
books书籍；technology技术；newspapers报纸；magazines杂志。根据“These days, it’s more common to read news on digital (数码的，电子的) devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops”可知，以前是读纸质报纸，现在更常见的是通过智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑等数码设备阅读新闻，所以是因为技术发展，阅读新闻的方式有了很大不同，故选B。
17．句意：首先，互联网让我们能够即时获取新闻。
immediately立即；possibly可能；daily每日；hardly几乎不。根据“This means we can know about new events as they happen”可知，我们可以随时了解新事件，说明互联网能让我们及时地获取新闻，故选A。
18．句意：你可以在公交车上、排队时或在家中随时随地阅读新闻。
nowhere无处；somewhere某处；anywhere任何地方；everywhere到处。根据“Another big change is how easy it is to access digital news”可知，访问数字新闻很便利，所以是可以随时随地阅读新闻，故选C。
19．句意：屏幕弹窗和数字广告可能会让我们难以集中注意力。
news新闻；advertisements广告；articles文章；stories故事。根据“…can make it hard for us to focus”可知，结合所给选项提示，令人难以集中注意力的应该是数字广告，故选B。
20．句意：这表明我们获取信息和与世界联系的方式发生了巨大变化。
conclude结束；complain抱怨；consider考虑；connect连接。根据“more and more people are reading news digitally”可知，越来越多的人正在以数字方式阅读新闻，因此这表明我们与世界联系的方式发生了巨大变化，故选D。
21．句意：了解如何找到可信赖的新闻并从干扰(把你的注意力从你正在尝试做或思考的事情上转移的东西)中保持专注，这些都是当今的关键技能。
focused焦点；worried担忧；surprised惊讶；relaxed放松。根据“stay…among distractions (the things that take your attention away from what you’re trying to do or think about) are key skills today.”可知，此处应该是在众多把你的注意力从你正在尝试做或思考的事情上转移的东西中保持专注，故选A。
One day Geng Lei went out to catch animals with the king. Suddenly, a bird flew over in the sky. He saw it
and said to the king, “I can shoot (射) down the bird only by pulling bowstring (弓弦).” The king didn’t believe it and let him do it. He 22 it was impossible and Geng Lei couldn’t make it. Geng Lei said nothing. He pointed his bow at the wild goose flying in the sky, pulling the bowstring without using an arrow (箭). To the king’s 23 , the goose really fell onto the ground. The king was so surprised that he asked for the 24 . Geng Lei walked over and picked up the goose. Then he said to the king, “Look, this goose has been hurt from arrows in the past. I knew the fact from its sad voice (声音). It was 25 and it couldn’t catch the others. At last, the goose 26 weaker and weaker and all the geese flew away. Only this one left flying in the sky. It was very 27 and sang sadly with fear. Hearing the sound of the bowstring, it was too afraid to fly any longer. So it simply gave up trying to live.” The king was happy with Geng Lei’s words and thought Geng was a careful man.
22．A．told B．thought C．thanked D．threw
23．A．surprise B．servant C．section D．scientist
24．A．reader B．reply C．record D．reason
25．A．hard B．honest C．hurt D．hot
26．A．brought B．bought C．behaved D．became
27．A．afraid B．alive C．awful D．able
【答案】22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了惊弓之鸟的故事。
22．句意：他认为这是不可能的。
told告诉；thought认为；thanked感谢；threw扔。根据“it was impossible”可知是认为不用箭就射掉大雁是不可能的。故选B。
23．句意：令国王惊讶的是，这只大雁真的掉到了地上。
surprise吃惊；servant仆人；section部分；scientist科学家。根据“The king was so surprised”可知国王很惊讶。故选A。
24．句意：国王非常惊讶，他问原因。
reader读者；reply回复；record记录；reason原因。根据“The king was so surprised that he asked for the”以及下文可知是国王询问他原因，为什么不用箭就能射掉大雁。故选D。
25．句意：它受伤了，无法赶上其他的大雁。
hard难的；honest诚实的；hurt受伤的；hot热的。根据“this goose has been hurt from arrows in the past”可知这只大雁受伤了，没有赶上其他大雁。故选C。
26．句意：最后，大雁越来越弱，所有的大雁都飞走了。
brought带来；bought买；behaved表现；became成为。根据“weaker and weaker ”可知是变得越来越弱。故选D。
27．句意：它非常害怕，害怕地悲伤地唱歌。
afraid害怕的；alive活着的；awful糟糕的；able能的。根据“sang sadly with fear.”可知大雁很害怕。故选A。
Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797) Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese 28 . She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no chance to get a formal education. However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys. They 29 her to read more books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi taught herself and read a lot about astronomy (天文学), maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to 30 astronomy.
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought certain events (事件) in the sky, such as lunar eclipses (月食), happened when gods were angry. But Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some 31 . She used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what 32 happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”.
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and 33 ways so that people could understand science more easily.
28．A．servant B．scientist C．editor D．teacher
29．A．invited B．selected C．followed D．encouraged
30．A．pay for B．look after C．focus on D．vote for
31．A．exercises B．suggestions C．interviews D．experiments
32．A．really B．certainly C．nearly D．briefly
33．A．simple B．polite C．invisible D．comfortable
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了清朝著名女科学家——王贞仪。
28．句意：王贞仪是一位伟大的中国科学家。
servant仆人；scientist科学家；editor编辑；teacher老师。根据文章最后“In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and...ways so that people could understand science more easily.”可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选B。
29．句意：他们鼓励她阅读家里图书馆里的书。
invited邀请；selected选择；followed跟随；encouraged鼓励。根据上文“However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys.”可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父思想开放，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故选D。
30．句意：后来，她决定专攻天文学。
pay for支付；look after照顾；focus on集中于，专注于；vote for投票赞成。根据上文“Wang Zhenyi taught herself and read a lot about astronomy (天文学), maths, geography as well as medicine.”可知，起初，王贞仪自学天文学、数学、地理和医学，后来她决定专注于天文学这一门学科。故选C。
31．句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。
exercises练习；suggestions建议；interviews采访；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。
32．句意：她将它们四处移动，以展示月食期间实际发生的情况：当地球直接穿过太阳和月球之间时，阳光无法到达月球，月球“消失”。
really实际上；certainly当然；nearly几乎；briefly暂时地。根据下文“when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon…”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选A。
33．句意：在她的文章中，她用清晰、简单的方式解释难懂的观点，让人们更容易理解科学。
simple简单的；polite礼貌的；invisible看不见的；comfortable舒服的。根据下文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪以一种简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选A。
Ⅰ. 专题知识梳理
首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容
与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。
能力考察
词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）
句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）
语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）
逻辑推断能力（确定词义）
前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）
解题思路
词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）
词义的判断（句意理解）
脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇
复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）
Ⅱ. 专题精讲
1.前后文呼应、理解
(1) P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
【答案】 Physical
【精讲】本空首先判定为副词，接着根据后文提及的Favourite sports可知
（2）They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
【答案】various
【精讲】本空首先初步判定为形容词，虽也有可能填动词分词形式，形容词概率大些，再根据后文的from.......to.....可知
(3)V____85______ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week.
【答案】visiting
【精讲】根据后文的met friends知道填拜访访问朋友，注意动词放开头做主语要用动名词形式
Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A 86 popular way of contacting friends was the telephone.
【答案】Another
【精讲】首先本空判定为形容词或者具有形容词性的代词，再根据前文的through the Internet 以及后文的the telephone知表示另外一种方式。
句间关系（递进、转折、因果、让步等）
(1) Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【答案】seldom
【精讲】根据surprisingly以及only，前后句成递进关系，进一步解释说明青少年很少去跳舞。
Ⅲ. 学法提炼
知识收获
首字母考查词性
解题思路、方法
重在句意理解、上下文分析
注意事项
二、方法总结
1. 通读全文, 通读是为了知道这篇文章讲什么，了解大意后才能做题。首填选篇第一句一般不设空，并且一般会给出主题，所以一定要细读首句。跳过空格与生词，要快速阅读。
2. 词性判定，逻辑关系,逻辑关系是全文的脉络，也是理解文章最重要和最容易成为障碍的地方。阅读时养成随手圈划逻辑关系词的习惯，是提高理解文章能力的很好方法
3. 联系上下文,有不少提示答案的关键信息，就出现在前后句甚至同句中。
4. 固定搭配、常识理解
5. 复查：
名词检查单复数
动词检查时态、语态、主谓一致等
形容词、副词检查形式、级别
连词检查逻辑关系
代词检查人称、数、格
介词检查句意、固定搭配和习惯用法
三、技巧提炼
通读全文，了解大意
2. 判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。
3. 根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。
（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）
4. 复读全文，全面检查：根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌
限时速测
Fill in the blanks with proper words. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
A volunteer picking up litter
Alicia Waters Galan is litter-picking all the way from her home in Spain to Paris. She is heading to Change NOW 2024, an event where people will come together to f 34 solutions for climate change. It starts on 24 April. Alicia is raising money for Kids Against Plastic (an environmental charity) and she’s calling her adventure Pick 2 Paris.
Alicia began to be a volunteer after v 35 an aquarium (水族馆). There she learned that some fish were d 36 because of eating plastic in the rivers and oceans.
Through litter picking she says, “I can see the difference I’m making”. Her a 37 for other young people interested in volunteering is, “Wear gloves, bring a litter picker, go with an adult but don’t pick up anything sharp or d 38 ”.
When it comes to balancing environmental work with schoolwork, Alicia says,“Yes, I’m active in working as a volunteer, but I’m also a s 39 . School first, then volunteering.”
By sharing her environmental work with teachers, Alicia wants to e 40 others to join in. In fact, her last school day before she sets off to Paris, her classmates and teachers will do a whole school litter pick.
You can find out more at superkind.org/ fundraiser/pick-2-paris.
【答案】34．(f)ind 35．(v)isiting 36．(d)ead/(d)ying 37．(a)dvice 38．(d)angerous 39．(s)tudent/(s)choolgirl 40．(e)ncourage
【导语】本文主要讲述了Alicia为保护环境做出自己的努力的故事。
34．句意：她将前往2024年“改变现在”，这是一个人们将聚集在一起寻找气候变化解决方案的活动。根据“to…solutions for climate change”及首字母提示可知，此处是指“寻找”气候变化的方案，不定式to后应用动词原形find“找到”。故填(f)ind。
35．句意：Alicia在参观水族馆后开始做志愿者。结合“after…an aquarium”及首字母提示可知，介词after后应用动名词形式，此处是指“参观”水族馆之后，应用动词visit的动名词形式visiting，表示“参观”。故填(v)isiting。
36．句意：在那里，她了解到一些鱼因为吃了河流和海洋中的塑料而死亡/濒临死亡。根据“because of eating plastic in the rivers and oceans.”可知，此处指一些鱼因为吃了塑料而“死亡”。结合首字母提示可知，应用die“死亡”的形容词dead表示“死亡的”或die的现在分词形式dying表示“濒临死亡的”。故填(d)ead/(d)ying。
37．句意：她对其他对志愿服务感兴趣的年轻人的建议是“戴上手套，带一个捡垃圾的人，和一个成年人一起去，但不要捡任何尖锐或危险的东西”。根据“… for other young people”及首字母提示可知，此处指Alicia对年轻人提的“建议”，应用不可数名词advice。故填(a)dvice。
38．句意：她对其他对志愿服务感兴趣的年轻人的建议是“戴上手套，带一个捡垃圾的人，和一个成年人一起去，但不要捡任何尖锐或危险的东西”。根据“anything sharp or…”及首字母提示可知，此处缺形容词，指任何尖锐或“危险的”东西，应用形容词dangerous表示“危险的”。故填(d)angerous。
39．句意：当谈到平衡环境工作和学业时，Alicia说：“是的，我积极参与志愿者工作，但我也是一名(女)学生。根据“as a volunteer, but I’m also a…”及首字母提示可知，此处缺名词单数形式。又根据常识可知，Alicia
为女生，此处可用student表示“学生”或schoolgirl表示“女学生”。故填(s)tudent/(s)choolgirl。
40．句意：通过与老师分享她的环保工作，Alicia想要鼓励其他人加入进来。根据“By sharing her environmental work with teachers, Alicia wants to…others to join in”及首字母提示可知，不定式to后应用动词原形，此处指Alicia通过分享这份环保工作“鼓励”其他人也参与进来，encourage“鼓励”符合语境。故填(e)ncourage。
Fill in the blanks with proper words (在对话的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Judy: Hello, Tom. Please take a seat. I’m Judy.
Tom: Hello, Judy. Nice to meet you.
Judy: You too. You’ve applied to do a teaching course here, haven’t you I’d like you to tell me, first of all, why you want to be a teacher.
Tom: Well, I’d always like to e 41 things to help people understand. And I also want to work with young people.
Judy: And why have you decided to become a PE teacher
Tom: I love all sports and I really believe it’s important for young people to do sports r 42 , for example, playing badminton twice a week. Doing sports also teaches young people important life l 43 , such as the importance of teamwork, discipline (纪律) and so on.
Judy: OK, thank you. And, where does your passion (热情) for sports come from
Tom: Hmm, let me think. It’s d 44 to choose one special thing because I can think of many unforgettable experiences. More importantly, my mum was also a good sportswoman. She has inspired (启发) me a lot.
Judy:That’s OK. And how do you think teachers can e 45 their students to enjoy sports
Tom: Hmm, that’s an interesting question. I think many students enjoy the competitive element (要素). They always want to be the best! What’s more, we need to reward them for trying their best. Anyway, it’s not all about w 46 the game! They can also learn from failures.
Judy: OK, thank you very much, Tom. You make some good points.
Tom: It’s my pleasure. Thank you.
【答案】41．(e)xplain 42．(r)egularly 43．(l)essons 44．(d)ifficult 45．(e)ncourage 46．(w)inning
【导语】本文两人谈论了Tom为什么想做体育老师以及如何鼓励学生享受体育运动。
41．句意：我总是想解释一些东西来帮助人们理解。根据“things to help people understand”可知是解释东西帮助人理解，explain“解释”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(e)xplain。
42．句意：我喜欢所有的运动，我真的相信年轻人定期运动很重要，比如每周打两次羽毛球。根据“for example, playing badminton twice a week”可知要定期做运动，此处修饰动词用副词regularly“定期地”。故填(r)egularly。
43．句意：运动也教会年轻人重要的人生课程，比如团队合作、纪律等的重要性。根据“such as the importance of teamwork, discipline (纪律) and so on”可知是教他们一些人生课程，lesson“课程”，此处用名词复数。故填(l)essons。
44．句意：很难选择一件特别的东西，因为我能想到许多难忘的经历。根据“choose one special thing because I can think of many unforgettable experiences.”可知有很多难忘的经历，所以选择一个是困难的，difficult“困难的”。故填(d)ifficult。
45．句意：你认为老师如何鼓励学生享受体育运动？根据“their students to enjoy sports”可知是鼓励学生做运动，encourage“鼓励”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(e)ncourage。
46．句意：无论如何，这并不全是为了赢得比赛！根据“the game! They can also learn from failures.”可知不全是为了赢得比赛，win“赢”，介词about后加动名词。故填(w)inning。
在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
A Letter from 2070Hi,
This is the year 2070. I have just turned 50, but I look like a person of 85. I suffer from serious kidney(肾脏) problems because I don’t have enough water to drink. I’m afraid I don’t have much time left to live. I am already one of the o 47 people in this society.
I remember when I was five years old, everything was very different. There were lots of trees in the parks. I could enjoy a shower for half an hour. At that time, women had beautiful hair. Now, we have to shave our heads to keep them clean w 48 the use of water.
I remember there were “Save Water” warnings in many public places, but nobody paid attention. We
believed water would last forever. Now, all the rivers and lakes are e 49 dry or polluted. Water is much more expensive than gold and diamonds.
Without water, almost all factories are closed. Most people are unemployed. Those who have a job work in desalination (海水脱盐) plants and are paid with drinkable water rather than with money.
In the past, doctors s 50 adults drink eight glasses of water a day. Nowadays, I am only allowed half a glass. Most people are weak. Young people in their early 20s look as if they were in their 40s.
Because there are f 51 trees, we don’t have enough oxygen. We have to pay for air. The air is not of very good quality, but at least we can breathe. Poor people die young. The average life expectancy (预期寿命) is 40 years.
When my son asks me about my childhood, I tell him about how p 52 it was to fish in the rivers and how healthy people were. When he asks, “Why is there no clean water now ”，I feel guilty. I belong to the generation who turned a blind eye to all the warnings.
I wish this letter could travel back in time and it would make people living in the 2020s t 53 understand the importance of saving water.
Best,
Natalie
【答案】47．(o)ldest 48．(w)ithout 49．(e)ither 50．(s)uggested 51．(f)ew 52．(p)leasant 53．(t)ruly
【导语】本文是一封来自2070年的信，信中描述了人们在2070年因缺水而过的悲惨生活，呼吁现在的人们节约用水，保护自然资源。
47．句意：我已经是这个社会最老的人之一。根据前句“I don’t have much time left to live.”可知作者年事已高，另外“one of the...”后要填以o开头的形容词最高级。故填(o)ldest。
48．句意：现在，由于没有水，我们不得不剃头保证头部干净。根据本段中过去和现在状况的对比，可知是现在是没有水用的。故填(w)ithout。
49．句意：现在，所有的河流湖泊不是干涸就是被污染了。根据今昔对比，可知现在河流湖泊面临的严重问题，用“either...or...”结构。故填(e)ither。
50．句意：以前，医生建议成年人每天喝八杯水。“adults drink eight glasses of water a day”是医生过去对人的建议，用suggest的过去式。故填(s)uggested。
51．句意：由于树木少，我们没有足够的氧气。树木能吸收二氧化碳产生氧气，而句中说“we don’t have enough oxygen”，可知树木是越来越少的。故填(f)ew。
52．句意：当我的儿子问我的童年，我告诉他那时在河里钓鱼多么快乐，那时的人们是多么健康。作者在童年时水源充足，人们能在河边钓鱼是令人愉快的事情。故填(p)leasant。
53．句意：我希望这封信能回到过去，让生活在21世纪20年代的人真正懂得节约用水的重要性。根据句意可知这里要填一个副词来修饰“understand the importance of saving water”表达“真正地”。故填(t)ruly。
Ⅰ.解题步骤
1. 通读全文。做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。
2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问。
3. 简练作答。在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬.
4. 认真核查。完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起,审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求, 是否符合要求。
5. 答案形式要符合提问方式。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从句来回答。
Ⅱ.十项注意
1. 用How提问，回答要以by开头
A. How did the judge solve the student’s problem
B. (The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear the sound of the falling coins.
2.用where/when提问， 要以介词in/ on/ at等开头
A. Where did the student live
B. In a small room near a restaurant
A. When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times
B. In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.)
3.用how many提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词more than/ at least/about等。
A. How many readers do the two columns have
B. Nearly 200 million readers (around the world).
4.用why提问，要以because(of) 开头回答, 或者以To do开头回答。
A. Why did the student feel afraid
B. Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money.
A. Why did Lederer ask her readers to write letters to The U.S. Congress
B. To make them pass the law.
5.用whom提问，要以介词with/by等回答。
Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains
He lived with himself.
6.How long提问时要注意区分在现在完成时态中要用for+一段时间（since+时间点）开头回答，其他则直接回答。
How long have you stayed in Shanghai B. For 3 years.
How long did it take you to go to school by bus B. 3 hours.
7.注意回答时态：
A. How was the food in the restaurant
B. The food was delicious/good.
8.反义疑问句：
(1) Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don’t they
步骤：A. 去掉反义部分（即don’t they）
B. 把前半部分的陈述句改为疑问句，即
Do both Eppei Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs
C. 可以正常回答了。
(2) The student wasn’t happy living in the small room, was he
步骤：A. 去掉反义部分（即was they）
B. 把前半部分的否定句改为肯定句，即
The student was happy living in the small room.
C. 再把肯定句改为疑问句，即Was the student happy living in the small room
D. 可以正常回答了。
9.选择疑问句：
Based on her speaking, how do we stay young, to laugh or to cry
回答时，不以yes/no开头，直接选择其中一项回答，
即 We stay young to laugh.
10.主观题：
要以文章中心思想为基础，通常看文章最后一段的意思，再用自己话概述，一般是3分（1+2）,避免写长句，尽量写两个短句，涉及文章的高频中心词汇或词组。
A. As a teenager, will you run away from home Why
B. I will run away from home. Because ..., and....(两个原因)
限时速测
Dear Emma,
I have a problem and I need your help. My parents are really strict and they never let me do anything. For example, when I go out with my friends, my mom always asks, “Where are you going Who are you going with ” Two months ago, I got an earring (耳环) and my father was really angry. He told me to take it out. My parents want to control everything I do. But I’m 18 years old! I try to talk to them, but they don’t listen. They say “This is our house and these are our rules.” Then we have a fight. Why is it so hard for them to understand me
Josh
Dear Josh,
You asked, “Why is it so hard for them to understand you ” That’s a good question. You’re growing up, but often, you’re still a child and they want to protect you.
Sometimes, it’s hard to talk to your parents. Here is an idea: Write a letter to them. Tell them your feelings. In the letter, talk about your friends. Tell them about yourself and your life. After they read the letter, try to talk to them. I hope this helps!
Emma
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
54．What is Josh’s problem in his letter
55．Why does Josh’s father ask him to take the earring out
56．What is Emma’s idea for Josh
57．What does Emma advise Josh to do after the letter
58．What kind of people do you think Emma is
【答案】54．His parents are really strict and they never let him do anything. 55．Because his parents want to control everything he does. 56．Write a letter to his parents. 57．Try to talk to his parents after they read the letter. 58．She is kind and helpful.
【导语】本文主要讲了Josh写信给Emma，告诉Emma他的父母对他很严格，Emma给Josh回信，建议他
写信告诉父母自己的真实感受，并且要多和父母沟通。
54．根据“My parents are really strict and they never let me do anything.”可知，他的父母很严格，他们从不让他做任何事。故填His parents are really strict and they never let him do anything.
55．根据“I got an earring (耳环) and my father was really angry. He told me to take it out. My parents want to control everything I do”可知，因为他的父母想控制他所做的一切。故填Because his parents want to control everything he does.
56．根据“Here is an idea: Write a letter to them.”可知，Emma认为可以给他的父母写封信。故填Write a letter to his parents.
57．根据“After they read the letter, try to talk to them.”可知，在他父母看完信后，试着和他们谈谈。故填Try to talk to his parents after they read the letter.
58．根据Emma给Josh的回信内容可知，Emma善良而又乐于助人。故填She is kind and helpful.
As a child, Alain Robert was afraid of height. One day, when he was 12, he returned home from school.At the front door of his building, he looked for his keys. He didn’t have them. It was 3: 30 p.m and his parents worked until 6: 00 p.m.
Alain looked at his flat on the eighth floor. He saw an open window. He closed his eyes and imagined himself climbing the building. When he opened his eyes, he told himself, “I can do it.” Fifteen minutes later, he was in his house and his fear of heights was gone.
Today, Alain still climbs buildings. In 2003, he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman to advertise the movie. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101 (one of the tallest buildings in the world). To reach the top of a building, Alain uses only his hands and special shoes. Alain climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity—for children and the homeless.
When he climbs, he wants to send a message to people. If you have a dream- something you really want to do—it can become real. But you must be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don’t give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, “I can do it”.
59．What was Alain Robert afraid of when he was a child
60．Which floor did Alain live
61．Why did Alain climb a building in London dressed as Spiderman
62．How does Alain reach the top of Taipei 101
63．What do you think of Alain Robert
【答案】59．He was afraid of height. 60．On the eighth floor. 61．To advertise the movie. 62．By using hands and special shoes. 63．He is very brave.
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个小时候恐高的人，长大后克服了恐惧，并且成为了一个蜘蛛侠的故事。
59．根据“As a child, Alain Robert was afraid of height”可知，他小时候恐高。故填He was afraid of height.
60．根据“Alain looked at his flat on the eighth floor.”可知，他住在八楼。故填On the eighth floor.
61． 根据“In 2003, he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman to advertise the movie.” 可知，这是为了给电影打广告。故填To advertise the movie.
62．根据“To reach the top of a building, Alain uses only his hands and special shoes.”可知，他只用手和一双特殊的鞋。故填By using hands and special shoes.
63．根据“In 2003, he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman to advertise the movie. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101 (one of the tallest buildings in the world).”结合他小时候恐高可知，他现在很勇敢，不再怕高了。故填He is very brave.
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12 years old, the white gardenia (栀子花) was sent to my house. No card came with it. Calls to the flower shops were useless. After some weeks, I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and was just very pleased with the beautiful white flowers in soft pink paper.
But I never stopped imagining who the sender might be. Some of my happiest moments (时光) were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged my imagination. She once asked me if I had done a special kindness to a stranger. Probably it was the woman I looked after as a nurse.
One month before my graduation (毕业), my father died. I felt very sad and didn’t want to go to the coming graduation dance party at all. And I didn’t care if I had a new dress. But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia—lovely, strong with a bit mysterious (神秘的).
My mother died when I was 26. That was the year when the gardenia stopped coming.
64．What did the writer get on her 12th birthday
65．What did the mother encourage the writer to do
66．What did the mother want her children to be like
67．Who was the sender in fact
68．What’s your favourite present from your parents Why do you like it
【答案】64．The white gardenia. 65．Imagine who the sender might be. 66．The gardenia—lovely, strong with a bit mysterious. 67．The writer’s mother. 68．I like the English dictionary best from my dad. Because it helps me with my English.
【导语】本文讲述了妈妈匿名给女儿在每年过生日时送栀子花，让女儿感觉到被人关爱的幸福，直到妈妈去世没有人再送花作者才知道花是妈妈送的。文中充分表现了母亲对孩子的爱。
64．根据“Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12 years old, the white gardenia (栀子花) was sent to my house.”可知，作者在12岁生日时收到了白色栀子花。故填The white gardenia.
65．根据“But I never stopped imagining who the sender might be. Some of my happiest moments (时光) were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged my imagination.”可知，妈妈鼓励作者想象一下寄件人可能是谁。故填Imagine who the sender might be.
66．根据“In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia—lovely, strong with a bit mysterious (神秘的).”可知，我的妈妈希望她的孩子们像栀子花——可爱，坚强，有点神秘。故填The gardenia—lovely, strong with a bit mysterious.
67．根据“My mother died when I was 26. That was the year when the gardenia stopped coming.”可推知，寄件人事实上是作者的妈妈。故填The writer’s mother.
68．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I like the English dictionary best from my dad. Because it helps me with my English.
Ⅰ.主题词汇
成长经历
teenager青少年； graduate from毕业于； generation gap代沟； allow sb. to do允许做
ask for advice征求意见； best friend最好的朋友； be curious about sth. 对某事好奇；
do one’s best尽力； make efforts to do sth. 努力做某事； little by little逐渐
校园生活
understand理解； get on well with sb./ sth. 与他人相处融洽/某事进展不错；
raise one’s hand举手； take an active part in积极参加
业余爱好
be interested in对………感兴趣； be fond of喜爱； enjoy doing喜欢做； spend...doing花时间做； in one’s spare time在空闲时间里
学习生活
take courses上课； put one’s heart into专注于； pass an exam考试及格；fail an exam考试不及格； cheat in the exam考试作弊； subject学科； hand in上交； pay attention to注意
人物偶像
genius天才； respect 尊敬； think highly of sb. 对某人评价很高；
look forward to doing期望做
学习策略
express 表达； explain 解释； confidence信心； make a survey作调查； collect information
收集信息； schedule 时间表，进度表
Ⅱ.有用句型
1. To improve the situation, I suggest...
2. As middle school students, we ought to be responsible for ourselves.
3. It's also important to find a way to be involved in social activities.
4. Here I have two suggestions. First,... Second,...
5. Your life today is the result of your attitudes and choices in the past. Your life tomorrow will be the result of your attitudes and choices today.
6. Sometimes your biggest weakness can become your biggest strength.
7. Some of the greatest successful stories have followed a word of encouragement
8. From her confidence, we know that ..
9. We should believe in ourselves.
10. Just keep on trying. The process of trying is much more valuable than the result.
11. Smile on failure and smile on life.
12. Actually, failure is like a naughty boy who plays with us on the way to our goals. On the one hand, he wants to test us. On the other hand, he wants to help us become braver. The more we smile on failure, the braver we shall be.
13. Grow older and grow up. Growing up doesn’t need any talent or ability. Growing up is always finding the opportunity for change. Never give up dreams.
14. A volunteer’s work is very great and helpful. I learn responsibility and patience from it. I hope more and more young people will be volunteer.
15. When I am free, I often go to the nursing home to do something good, such as reading books, and washing clothes for the old.
16. We are not perfect to do everything well. We often get help from others in our daily life. In return we must help other people as often as possible.
Ⅲ.例题分析
请以“______is the most important thing in my life”为题写一篇短文。请先将题目补充完整再进行写作。
Questions for reference:
1. What is the most thing in your life (health, happiness, friendship, honesty...)
2. Why do you think so (Give at least two reasons)
3. What is your suggestion
要点分析
1．审题时，学生要注意“我生命中的最重要的东西”，不是单指某一样具体的东西或某件事，而是通过事例来突出某一项品质。如：友谊、自信、助人、诚实、感恩等。
2注意：提出的建议要围绕主题来写，不能前后脱节。
写作素材
围绕“友谊”给出建议和保持友谊秘诀的
1. Friends share happiness with us. In addition, they keep us from sadness.
2. Without friends, we feel lonely and bored. Instead, with them our life will be more and more colourful.
3. In a word, friends are our most precious wealth and friendship is necessary to everyone.
4. Friends are like leaves on the tree. Though they are small and ordinary, without them the tree will be ugly.
5. Friendship can make our life more colourful and meaningful.
6. Friend plays an important part in our life.
7. Nobody can get through life without friendship.
8. I'm lucky enough to make many friends around me.
9. Whenever I am blue, they comfort me and help me to find solutions to my problems.
10. I like my friends because we can trust each other and help each other
11. We have parents to turn to for help at home, and we have friends when we are out.
12. I regard him as my best friend. We always discuss things together and do many activities in our spare time.
原文稿
Friendship is the most important thing in my life
If I don’t have friends, my world may become colourless. So I think friendship is the most important thing in my life. No one can live in the world lonely. When we are in trouble, friends can help us overcome those difficulties in life. When we feel happy, we hope there is someone who can share our happiness.
Making friends with people, we should be frank and honest to them so that they can trust us. What's more, a friend never hesitates to give his love and care to his friend. Let’s try our best to treat our friends sincerely, and we find that our life become colourful with so many friends around us.
点评与评分
作者在整篇文章中，紧紧围绕友谊是生命中最重要的部分来描写，层层深入,步步上升，最后点题。按中考作文20分计算，属于第三档到第二档的作文。可得15分左右。需修改之处：
the most important thing应改成 one of the most important things，表明友谊是生命中最重要的东西之一。
要表达“独自生活在这个世界上”，应用词组 live in the world alone。
表示目的，句首应用动词不定式 To make friends with people。
4. a friend改为“ a real friend”更好。
5.最后一句应注意时态，需改为： Let’s try our best to treat our friends sincerely, and we will find that our life become colourful with so many friends around us。
修改稿：
If I don’t have friends, my world may become colorless. So I think friendship is one of the most important things in my life. No one can live in the world alone. When we are in trouble, friends can help us overcome those difficulties in life. When we feel happy, we hope there is someone who can share our happiness.
To make friends with people, we should be frank and honest to them so that they can trust us. What’s more, a real friend never hesitates to give his love and care to his friend. Let’s try our best to treat our friends sincerely, and we will find that our life become colorful with so many friends around us.
随着人类文明的进步和社会的发展，一些社会现象成为了社会热点。如共享单车，爱心捐赠活动，旅游中的不文明行为，朗读者活动的开展等等。在这一主题中，我们会针对社会热点问题加以探讨与剖析，让学生更加具备明辨是非的能力，积极投身到一些有意义的活动中去，从而抵制不文明现象，做对社会有用的人。
Ⅰ.主题词汇
go abroad, bad behaviors, respect foreign culture, talk quietly in public places, make/ leave a good impression, cultural differences, pay attention to our behaviors, show a person’s inner beauty, be civilized tourists, jump the queue, sign their names on the walls of attractions
Ⅱ.有用句型
With more and more Chinese people travelling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic.
2. In a word, the situation is so serious that we must do something to change it.
3. If you do these above, it shows good manners and politeness.
4. Nowadays, Chinese are not expected to go abroad because of their behaviors such as wasting food, ... and ...
Ⅲ.例题分析
近几年来，越来越多的中国人出国旅游，他们中的一些不文明行为引起了人们的极大关注。调查显示，中国游客成为世界上最不受欢迎的人之一。为此，请你给校报英语专栏写一篇短文,并提出你的建议，呼吁人们文明出游。
要点分析
这篇文章讲述的是一种社会现象，时态应用一般现在时。
审题要清楚，文章中所讲的是指人们在出国旅游时的不文明行为，而不应涉及其他方面的不文明行为。
写作素材
开头句
Nowadays, more and more people go abroad for fun. However, some of them show bad behaviors.
2. China is known as a country with ancient civilization. However, the Chinese who travel abroad often behave badly.
3. In the new century, most people like to go abroad for fun. But, some of them have bad manners and habits.
列举不文明现象的
1. For example, they leave rubbish anywhere they want. They even sign their names on the walls of attractions. They don’t respect foreign culture.
2. Some young people waste food, jump the queue and throw rubbish here and there.
3. For instance, some Chinese tourists talk loudly in public places. This makes others unhappy, especially the native tourists.
谈具体措施的
We shouldn’t waste food because it is precious. Please order less food and bring the dishes which haven’t been eaten back to your hotel.
2. We should queue up when we’re waiting to buy things.
3. When we are in public areas, we should speak quietly. It’s rude to make terrible noise. We should know that there are cultural differences between China and other countries.
结尾句
1. In brief, let’s be polite in order to leave a good impression on native people.
2. There are many things we should do. Please remember to be polite. Let’s be civilized tourists.
3. As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as Romans do.” I believe that good manners show a person’s inner beauty.
例文分析
原文稿
With more and more Chinese people traveling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent survey showed that Chinese were one of the worst tourists. First, we should keep our voice down while talking with friends in public places. We should wait in line when we wait for a bus. Also, we can’t spit or drop litter wherever we want. Finally, we’ll remember it’s really a bad behavior to write or draw pictures on buildings. While enjoying ourselves, we should not only respect local customs, but also take care of the environment.
点评与评分
这篇文章从一个侧面切入，指出了当今中国游客出国旅游时做的一些不文明行为。文章中，作者列举了一些比较典型的不文明现象，也具体谈到了改进的措施。条理清晰，文笔流畅，结尾部分点题。但如果加上适当的过渡句，会起到承上启下的作用。此外，也要从“我”出发，谈谈作为一个中学生如何做出文明的行为。按中考作文20分计算,该文章为15分左右。
修改稿：
With more and more Chinese people travelling abroad, their bad behaviors have become a hot topic. A recent survey showed that Chinese were one of the worst tourists. How can we be good tourists Here are some tips. First, we should keep our voice down while talking with friends in public places. We should wait in line when we wait for a bus. Also, we can’t spit or drop litter wherever we want. Finally, we’ll remember it’s really a bad behavior to write or draw pictures on buildings.
As a middle school student, I think we should pay special attention to our behaviors, saving no to those bad habits. While enjoying ourselves, we should not only respect local customs, but also take care of the environment.
限时速测
69．Write at least 60 words on the topic “Energy saving”, using the following questions for reference. (请根据提示问题，以“节约能源”为题，写一篇短文，不少于60个词，标点符号不占格)
Suggested questions:
(1) What do you think of the energy crisis (能源危机) nowadays
(2) Would you give two examples of the energy crisis
(3) What can you do to save energy, could you give two suggestions for doing so
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